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1 Moderator: Gary Weckman Ohio University USA

2 Robustness in Real-time Complex Systems What is complexity? Interactions? Defy understanding? What is robustness? Predictable performance? Ability to absorb change? Robustness in: Behavior? Modeling?

3 Expert Panelists Gary Weckman, Ohio University, USA Marko Jäntti, University of Kuopio, Finland Daniela Dragomirescu, LAAS-CNRS, University of Toulouse, France Andy Snow, Ohio University, USA Discussion and Q&A Session

4 Robustness in Real-time Complex Systems: WSN case study Daniela Dragomirescu LAAS-CNRS, University of Toulouse France IARIA Work Group Meeting : Advances on systems

5 Wireless Sensors Network case study Wireless Sensor nodes Routers IARIA Work Group Meeting: Advances on systems 2

6 WSN - Complex systems WSN very high number of nodes complex systems, networks Supposed to work for very different applications One system, communicating sensor node, can answer to very different applications? Which will be the complexity of such a node? The energy consumption? Constraints are applications dependent Real-time very important constraint application for WSN for metrology an Localization Synchronization Safety of the communications Security of the communications very important for WSN in aeronautics IARIA Work Group Meeting: Advances on systems 3

7 WSN complex systems To answer to the application dependent constraint reconfigurable hardware Hardware robustness? Simulations using models, testing using models Digital and analog hardware on the same chip SoC modeling (VHDL- AMS) has to be developed User experiences back-annotation to hardware models WSN implies hardware and software elements Co-design hardware software needs of very accurate models IARIA Work Group Meeting: Advances on systems 4

8 WSN complex systems Testing in labs (arround 10 nodes) - demonstrate the principle of the hardware developed systems and software protocol. How to predict the functioning of more than 1000 nodes in different environments (aircrafts, satellites, industrial plants, nuclear plants, etc) What robustness for such a system? Network simulator has to be developed, including the hardware layers and the channel propagation. Determine best network topology. How accurate will be the first models we will include in the simulator? IARIA Work Group Meeting: Advances on systems 5

9 WSN complex systems Models and their accuracy is a key point! Taking into account from the beginning hardware and software developments and their connections. Real testing can t be replaced! IARIA Work Group Meeting: Advances on systems 6

10 Thank you! Contact : Daniela Dragomirescu daniela@laas.fr IARIA Work Group Meeting: Advances on systems 7

11 Marko Jäntti, ICONS 2010 panel Robustness in Real-time Complex Systems: Testing-based approach UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN FINLAND

12 Robustness in Software Engineering Definition of Robustness [FDA]: "the degree to which a software system or component can function correctly in the presence of invalid inputs or stressful environmental conditions." System provider Developer-side testers Valid inputs Normal output Warning dialog M1 Exceptions M3 System Modules Failure Other Systems Interfaces Users Invalid inputs M2 Mn User-side Testers Illegal inputs Healthcare Information System (24h/7d)

13 UML-based Test Model: A Case Study Case organization: A large university hospital in Finland The system under test: a healthcare information system Medical referral module Resource management module Time booking module The research goal: to identify system defects through the UMLbased test model 1. Study the system functions 2. Create/use UML diagrams User Manual 3. Create test cases Test Cases 4. Perform test cases 5. Evaluate test results 3

14 Case study results Testing revealed one serious defect (Run-time error 6160) in the Resource Management module two serious defects (Run-time error 438) in the Referral module numerous usability problems poor robustness (the modules did not recover after run-time errors) How to improve robustness of systems? Better exception handling More focus on the use of test models A test case with Invalid input

15 Thank you!! Contact: Marko Jäntti, PhD

16 Avoiding, Accepting and Influencing Complex System Behavior Andy Snow School of Information & Telecommunication Systems Ohio University

17 Complex Systems Examples Internet, PSTN Electric Power (generation, grid) Unforeseen stimuli Internal Latent defects and vulnerabilities Hidden instabilities Scalability limitations External Traffic intensity and mix Other system interactions Socio-political-economic interactions Natural disasters Users demand robustness

18 Black Box x 1 y x 1 2 x n Complex System y n

19 Black Box Robustness e 1 e 2 x 1 + dx 1 y x 2 + dx 1 + dy 1 2 y x n + dx n + dy n n Complex System e 3 e m dx or Dx e or E Random deviations..erratic outputs? Random or rare externalities..erratic outputs?

20 Lifecycle Robustness User requirements System requirements Architecture Component Specification Detailed Design Deployment Operations

21 Robust Models Can we really model complex system behavior? Can we enumerate all internal and external operating conditions? Exhaustive testing and modeling prior to deployment possible? Performance Perturbations vs. Loss of function or availability? All models are wrong. Some are useful

22 Complexity and Robustness There is.struggle between complexity and robustness in both evolution and human design. A.survival imperative,, whether in biology or engineering, requires..fragile systems become more robust. mechanisms to increase robustness will make the system considerably more complex...additional complexity brings with it its own unanticipated failure modes.. This balancing act between complexity and robustness is never done. Irving Wladawsky-Berger Posted on August 25, 2008 at Complex Systems, Innovation, Technology and Strategy

23 What s a Systems Engineer To Do?? Complexity Robustness

24 What s a Systems Engineer To Do?? 1. Avoid complexity (KISS) Complexity Robustness

25 What s a Systems Engineer To Do?? 1. Avoid complexity (KISS) Complexity Robustness 2. Accept complex system behavior (Live with it) Normal Accidents

26 What s a Systems Engineer To Do?? 1. Avoid complexity (KISS) Complexity Robustness 2. Accept complex system behavior (Live with it) Normal Accidents 3. Influence complex system behavior (Try to predict and avoid outlier behavior)

27 What s a Systems Engineer To Do?? 1. Avoid complexity (KISS) Complexity Robustness 2. Accept complex system behavior (Live with it) Normal Accidents 3. Influence complex system behavior (Try to predict and avoid outlier behavior) Yes..all three!!!!!

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