Innovation in Guidance and Counseling Management through Networking Model

Transcription

1 Innovation in Guidance and Counseling Management through Networking Model Sri Milfayetty The State University of Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia milfayetty@yahoo.com Abstract The purpose of this study was to improve the quality of guidance and counseling management through Networking Model. The model was developed based on students competence and it strictly required collaboration among teachers, counselor, and parents in helping students to solve their problems. The methods used was research and development model of Borg and Gall. The procedures conducted were: (i) premilinary surveying to produce software to be used in assessing students need; (ii) designing networking model chart; (iii) implementing and evaluating the implementation of the model in several high schools. Data were collected by identifying and analyzing how the networking model improved the quality of guidance and counceling management. The results indicated that the networking model can improve the quality of the management of guidance and counceling in the way that the services provided were based on data and it encouraged collaboration among different expertises in helping students to solve their problems. Introduction: The reposition of guidance and counseling which has been declared by the Minsitry of Education in Indonesia, from merely a support to learning program to be an integral part of teaching and learning process has resulted in the need to replace the old model with the new one. To be able to accomodate its new function, the new model should have characteristics such as the abilities to: a) manage all activities integratedly, b) manage information well, c) solve students problem efficiently, and d) organize some connected persons and activities simultaneously. Preliminary studies found that networking model has been proved to be theoretically meet the requirements. However, the model has not been tested necessarily to prove its practical efficiency. In general, the purpose of this study was to improve the quality of guidance and counceling management in some schools. Specifically, the objectives of this study were : (i) to design a software by which students need and competence will be assesed and analysed (ii) Based on the data obtained in the software, to design a model by which all relevant professional persons (expertises) are collaborating in a network system to help students in solving their problems. Literature Review: Guidance and counceling in high school is school services that apply students understand themselves and environment and act effectively to be live in a happy life. The services area such as : how the students develop to believe in God, to be mature as a woman and man, to be healthy, to learn in university, have a certain role in community, emotionality, socially and intelectually muture. The purpose of guidance and counceling program are designing learning situation so that every student develop their competencies. The Guidance and counceling program divide as : service, support, assesment and controling. The management system is shown in figure 1. The concept used to design the new model in this study was taken from the theory of educational management and the theory of guidance and counseling technology at school [2]. It is stated that the success of guidance and counseling management is indicated by criteria such as: (i) planning which is based on students need map, (ii) efficient organization of people and activities, and (iii) motivating counseling and countinuous control [2]. The map of students need comprise aspects such as students : (i) self competence, (ii) social competence, (iii)learning competence, (iv) career competence, (v) family competence, and (vi) religious competence [3].Generally, there are five aspects to be considered as related to networking model in counseling. They are: (i) level of service which comprises: preventive session, pre counseling session and teraphy session; (ii) direction of service which includes: actualization existence, prevention, rehabilitation, development, solving and advocation; (iii) service mode which covers: orientation, information, placement, learning, group guidance, group counseling,individual counseling, consultation, and mediation; (iv) form service such as: class room, group, and individual; and (v) expert, such as: counselor, teacher, parent and other profesional. The New System is shown in Figure 2. Methodology: The method used in this study was research and development which was adopted from Borg,Walter (1983). The 188

2 procedures were as follows: (i) preliminary survey, (ii) model development, (iii) model testing, (iv) model validation, and (v) model socialization. This method was done in three stages. A preliminary survey conducted was data collecting on students need and competence. Data collection was performed through the need assesment software and group discussion. The data obtained were descriptively analysed to be further used in mapping students profile. The networking model based on students competence was resulted from the preliminary survey. The research question was: how does the networking model improve the quality of guidance and counseling management? The model tested is shown in the Fig.2 and the stages of research and development are shown in Fig.3. Student Developmental Task Guidance and Counseling Services Area Self Developmen Social Development Learning Development Career development Religious development Students competencies Guidance and Counseling Subject Matter Guidance and Counseling Program: 1. Service, 2. Support, 3. Assesment, 4. Controlling Figure 1 : Management Guidance and Counceling in High School (Depdiknas,2002) [1]. Need Assesment Services Mapping Individual Identity Data Data IQ, Aptitude, Locus of control, Problem check list Student data input : Counselor, teacher, student Data Analysis : Councelor and Student Guidance and Counceling Area Identification Cases Self Social Learning Career Family Life Religy 189

3 Level of Service Service direction Service modus Service Form Expert Preventive Pracounseling Teraphy Actualization Existence Preventing Rehabilitation Development Solution Advocation Fasilitation Orientation Information Placement Content Literature Consultation Mediation Individual Group Classical Field Politic Counselor and others Guidance and Counseling Activities Figure 2 : Guidance and Counseling management model Developmental need assesment Data base Software aplication Need Counseling Analysis 1 Expert: Counselor, Teacher, Educational Psycholog,Docter Managerial Networking System 5 Needs mapping in aspects: 1. Self 2. Social 3. Career 4. Learning 5. Family 6. Religy 2 3 Counseling Networking Diagram 4 Figure 3 : Networking Management Model Activities Method Goal First Year : 12 month 1. Preliminary Survey Student counseling need assesment Indicator: Data base Need mapping Data Base Software Analysing counseling need assesment 2.Model Design Interview Questionaire Discuss with: Student, teacher, councelor, staf Base line data to design management networking model in Medan City 190

4 Counseling need identification Counseling networking management Design the instruction Try Out Analysis to : Preliminary survey report Expert judgement Management Networking Model Instrunction Try Out Model result Model revised Second Year : 12 month Try out Model at High School Model validation Counseling management Networking management training for school councelor, teacher and other expert Socialyzing the model Seminar Activities report Workshop Study report Study anlysis Design instruction book for counseling networking management Figure 4 : The Stages of Research and Development Population in this study was high school in Medan City, Indonesia in year Samples was collected purposively with characteristics such as follows: the school has one counselor for 150 students, applicable to cooperative in networking model, new school and the school in urban society. The state high school IX of Medan was found to be relevant to those characteristics. The samples of students were chosen randomly for first grade with amount 35 students. The data were collected through data base, need assesment s instrument and counseling report. Methods applied in this study were interview and focus group discussion between teachers, school principles, and student s parents. Collected data were analyzed using percentage method, in addition, student s need asesement were analyzed using software application. Results and Discussion: From this study, it has been found that the result of software application could be used as a foundation to networking model design. The model was used in mechanism of counseling management as instructed. The different procedures of conventional models from Networking model is shown in Figure 5. Conventional Model 1.Apply form to get student data base 2.Fill in the form 3.Collect data base 4.Analyze data base 5.Output data base 6. Develop report sheet Networking Management Model 1.Apply software aplication 2.Input database 3.Out put database in table and graph forms 4. Print out report sheet Figure 5: The Management Model Procedures 191

5 Results showed that the procedures of new networking model were found to be simpler and shorter than convetional model. In terms of time duration, the new model was only need 30 minutes to get student database, however, the conventional model was need 3 days for each student. In terms of database input, the new networking model was found to be easier than the conventional one. The advance of networking model in terms of out put results, it was pop up with table and graph, whereas could not supported in conventional model. Some of the data base performance were shown in Figure 6.1 to 6.4 as follows : Figure 6.1 : Students identity input : Figure 6.2 : Students Emotional 192

6 Figure 6.3 : Graph of Student s Individual Problem Figure 6.4 : The Distribution of Student s Individual Development 193

7 Socialization networking model were applied to to school s principles, teacher, counselor and students. Results showed that the application of software was easy to operate and user friendly. All of them could use the software. Networking model could helped students to know what their counseling needs and they could go to the counselor for counseling activity. At last, the result showed that networking model could build an effective and efficient management of guidance and counseling. In addition, the model could successfully improve the guidance and counseling activities to help students in solving their problem. The data obtained from the software, i.e students need assesment that could be used to design networking chart. The chart was useful in designing service mechanism. The counselor who evaluated this model found the model could be used to solve students problem effectively in a case of conference system. The teachers commented that this model gave them a chance to understand their students more and as the result, they were able to integrate learning activities and guidance counseling process. In addition, the principal found that the model could be used to not only in guidance and counseling activities program, but also to the whole school programs. Furthermore, this model could give a chance to teachers, counselors, parents, and experts in communicating with each other, especially in student case conference. Based on the results, it could be stated that the networking model could overcome the weakness of the traditional approach in guidance and counseling in the way that: (i) the services provided in the model were based on comprehensive assessment of students need and competence, (ii) the activities were more controlable since any single decision was made based on data, (iii) the cooperative interactions between counselor, teacher, parents were developed, (iv) the sense of responsibility as a professional counselor was grew among the counselors, and (v) the more pleasant and conducive atmosphere was established. Besides that, the networking model provided some beneficial contribution to students, which was never achieved in the traditional model, in the way that it: (i) increasing students understanding of guidance and counseling activities, (ii) promoting interaction among peers, counselor and lecturers, and (iii) developing self confidence to be successful in careers, and (iv) helping the students in solving their problems efficiently and effectively. Conclusions: The networking model could became an alternative response towards the government decision in repositioning the guidance and counseling activities from merely a support to learning program to be an integral part of teaching and learning processes. The new model at the same time was found to be strengthened the role of guidance and counseling in Indonesian schools. References: [1]Depdiknas Panduan Pelayanan Bimbingan Konseling Berbasis Kompetensi. Jakarta: Depdiknas. [2] Borg, Walter R Educational Research.New York: Longman,Inc [3] Sri Milfayetty, Student Support Services in Engeneering Faculty in State University Medan [4] Belferik, Syawal, Milfa, and Anita Soft Skill. Medan: Unimed Post Graduate. [5] Milfayetty, Learning Skill. Medan. Unimed Post Garaduate. 194