Literature Review. A Brief History of Middle Level Reform. Just as academics. start to get complex, school is the last thing. on their minds.
|
|
- Winifred Adele Crawford
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Literature Review Divergent orientations to educating America s youth lie at the heart of the struggle to reform middle level schools in ways that best serve the needs of adolescents. Who are these children? What do they need? And what can they learn? Answering these questions is essential if parents and educators are to create the schools adolescents need and deserve. Adolescent education became a focus of study in 1986 when the Carnegie Corporation of New York established the Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development (CCAD) to highlight the challenges of the adolescent years. In turn, the council established a task force to identify promising practices for the health and education of youth. Their findings, published in Turning Points (1989) were not positive, however, and led to the conclusion that: Middle grade schools junior high, intermediate, or middle schools are potentially society s most powerful force to recapture millions of youth adrift. Yet all too often they exacerbate the problems that youth face. A volatile mismatch exists between the organization and curriculum of middle grade schools and the intellectual, emotional and interpersonal needs of young adolescents. (p. 32) Just as academics start to get complex, school is the last thing on their minds. Vicki Clarke, College Place Middle School. In Competing Forces, by Jessica Portner, Education Week, October This mismatch impedes learning and preparation for adult life; it increases adolescents levels of risk and their vulnerability to a wide array of social-emotional problems and self-destructive behaviors. A Brief History of Middle Level Reform The Early Middle Level Movement Unlike the high school or elementary school, the junior high or middle school historically has operated without a firm philosophy, vision or direction. In 1900, the dominant grade level configuration for elementary and high schools in the United States was grades one through eight, and grades nine through 12. Unfortunately, as students graduated from the child-centered elementary school, they often failed to enter the subject-centered high school and instead simply dropped out to join the work force. With a high dropout rate and a surge in immigration, administrators in increasingly crowded city schools, legislators, school board members, and local officials considered alternative ways to house and educate the youth of the day. From the mid 1910 s through the 1920 s, many cities experimented with the junior high school, a grade seven through nine institution that was designed primarily to drive academic rigor down to the seventh grade and to discourage students from dropping out of school. The hope was that students who finished ninth grade the first official year of high school would be more likely to continue on to the tenth and eventually eleventh and twelfth grades. 7
2 By 1930, much had been written about the components of an exemplary junior high school but few innovations were in fact carried out. Also, the junior high in 1930 was plagued by the same problem that it faces today: matching appropriate programs for ninth graders with the requirements that the Carnegie Unit method of acquiring credits for high school graduation places on the system. In short, junior high administrators historically have found the practice of scheduling seventh and eighth graders into individual courses like high school easier than creating a separate program for pre-ninth graders. The net effect of this practice was that the junior high program, forced to accommodate ninth graders, typically followed a high school organizational model. There were some exceptions. Some schools adopted age-appropriate programs, such as exploratory experiences designed to allow a sampling of subject areas and skills; others emphasized guidance services to aid in academic, vocational and personal matters; still others offered participatory athletic and activity programs. However, these innovative practices represented the exception rather than the rule. This development was aided by the unfortunate, if not destructive, choice of the name junior to describe this middle level school. According to Melton (1984) using junior as an adjective practically assured that the school would become a miniature version of the real thing. The Middle Level in Mid-century Despite these obstacles, by 1950 the junior high school was here to stay. The number of junior high schools in the U.S. jumped from 2,268 in 1925 to 10,322 in 1947 and the movement solidified, although the curriculum, instructional practices and vision of the junior high school were topics of lively debate. The 1950 s was a difficult decade for American education. The post-war baby boom filled schools to capacity, often taxing the resources of communities as new schools were built rapidly and inexperienced teachers were hired to fill available teaching positions. Many previously accepted procedures were found badly in need of reform. Scientific discoveries, computer technology and defense-related needs focused the nation s attention on the problems and potential solutions for the crisis in public education. The launching of the Russian satellite, Sputnik, in 1957 and the accompanying cold war paranoia transformed educational reform from a societal problem to a public cause. The reaction to Sputnik was speedy and decisive. The most vocal educational reformers called for an academic response to the crisis: drive down quality curriculum to lower grades, step up academic requirements, increase the available pool of scientists and engineers, assure subject-matter competence of teachers, and construct teacher-proof lessons and curricula. Needless to say, this atmosphere was not one in which the whole child was considered important. Instead, emphasis was on knowledge acquired, skills learned, and concepts mastered. Predictably, some of the junior high reforms of the 1950 s, such as multi-period core blocks and teacher-student guidance programs, were discarded 8
3 in favor of departmentalization and a driving vision of content acquisition. Moreover, junior high schools became larger as administrators strived to meet the perceived need for specialized educational services, especially in fields such as science and mathematics. In short, schools were charged with producing scientists and engineers. Unfortunately, this effort was undertaken at the expense of assisting the underachiever, the poor, the disadvantaged, and the vocationally bound student. Perhaps unwittingly, these reforms established schools that were ripe for change as the political climate reversed direction in the 1960 s. While the theory behind departmentalization makes intuitive sense, the reality is that students are less likely to receive individual attention in academic and non-academic matters in a departmentalized model. This is especially true for younger students. With a six-period day with six subjects and six teachers, the twelve-year old entering junior high school is often shocked and bewildered. The child s home base, the selfcontained classroom of sixth grade, is gone in the departmentalized world of junior high school. Needless to say, many seventh graders are not successful in this type of environment. Predictably, the 1960 s reformers focused on organizational structure as fundamental to any significant improvement in the junior high school. The Modern Middle School To combat the perception of the junior high school as representative of a harsh climate of curricular and social rigidity, middle school proponents of the 1960 s suggested a number of organizational changes. The first proposals focused on grade level configuration. Eichorn s seminal work, The Middle School (1966), is often cited as the launching point of the middle school movement. Eichorn argued that the rapid physical, social, and psychological maturation of adolescents in the mid-20th century compared to maturation rates at the beginning of the century called for a reanalysis of the grade level configuration. He advocated a configuration with ninth graders (and their required Carnegie Units) moving to the high school. While Eichorn supplied the physiological and psychological rationale for change, several other scholars provided the organizational and policy details. Researchers including Alexander (1968; 1989), George (1993), Van Til (1967), and Erb (1987) suggested a number of significant middle level program changes, all of which were adopted in some form or another by scores of schools throughout the nation. First, interdisciplinary teams were created to match students with teachers who would share instructional duties. Second, advisor/advisee programs were established to treat the social and emotional development of children as a 9
4 separate, non-academic subject and to create a bond between each student and an adult advisor. Third, competitive interscholastic sports were trimmed down or replaced by no-cut, intramural sports. Fourth, the number of exploratory courses was expanded, but the depth and scope of many were reduced. Consequently, more students were allowed to sample a greater variety of course offerings. Fifth, modular schedules enabled teams of teachers to plan activities that exceeded the traditional 50-minute period, allowing for greater lesson depth. Last, teaching strategies were expanded to meet the needs of young adolescent learners. Cooperative learning; interdisciplinary units; hands-on, lab-oriented lessons; and field experiences in the community are examples of activities advocated by proponents of middle school reform. Middle schools, uncommon in 1960, have grown steadily since then. Eighty percent of seventh through ninth graders in 1960 were enrolled in a junior high school. By 1986 that figure had dropped to 29 percent and has continued to drop since then. Middle school proponents have convinced the majority of practitioners, academicians and researchers that a tri-level system of common school operations elementary, middle level and high school is the most appropriate arrangement for meeting the unique needs of children at all three levels. Middle Schools in the Spotlight With the publishing of Turning Points in 1989, the middle school movement turned a corner. By securing the support of the prestigious Carnegie Corporation, middle school proponents moved from the fringes to the mainstream of educational reform. Turning Points (1989) lent credibility to the work of the previous 20 years by legitimizing ideas such as interdisciplinary teaming, advisor/advisee programs and exploratory classes. It also offered essential principles for improving middle grades education. A school following these principles focuses: squarely on the characteristics and needs of young adolescents. It creates a community of adults and young people embedded in networks of support and responsibility that enhance the commitment of students to learning. In partnership with youth-serving and community organizations it offers multiple sites and multiple methods for fostering the learning and health of adolescents. The combined efforts create a community of shared purpose among those concerned that all young adolescents are prepared for productive adult lives, especially those at risk of being left behind. (Turning Points, 1989, p. 36) The updated Turning Points 2000 combines research on middle grade school improvement since 1989 with wisdom from practice to set forth a comprehensive model of 10
5 effective schooling for adolescents. Seven principles underlying this model, summarized in Turning Points 2000, are presented below: 1. Teach a curriculum grounded in rigorous, public academic standards for what students should know and be able to do, relevant to the concerns of adolescents and based on how students learn best. Considerations of both excellence and equity should guide every decision regarding what will be taught. Curriculum should be based on content standards and organized around concepts and principles. A mix of assessment methods should allow students to demonstrate what they know and what they can do. 2. Use instructional methods designed to prepare all students to achieve higher standards and become lifelong learners. To be effective, instruction should mesh with three other aspects of teaching and learning: the standards and resulting curriculum outlining what students should learn; the assessments students will use to demonstrate their knowledge and skills; and the needs, interests and learning styles of the students themselves. Classes should include students of diverse needs, achievement levels, interests, and learning styles, and instruction should be differentiated to take advantage of the diversity, not ignore it. 3. Staff middle grade schools with teachers who are experts at teaching young adolescents, and engage teachers in ongoing, targeted professional development opportunities. Schools should hire staff specifically trained for the middle grades and should provide mentors and induction to teachers new to the profession or the school. Schools should also engage teachers in ongoing professional development driven by results, based on standards, and embedded in their daily work that yields improvements in student learning. A facilitator, either full- or part-time, should coordinate professional development opportunities. 4. Organize relationships for learning to create a climate of intellectual development and a caring community of shared educational purpose. Large schools should be divided into smaller learning communities, with teams of teachers and students as the underlying organizational structure. To ensure strong teams, schools must pay attention to the nature and quality of interactions among teachers and student team members, ensuring that teams continually concentrate their efforts on achieving high standards for both teaching and learning. Schools should also attend to critical elements affecting team success, such as team size, composition, time for planning, and continuity. 5. Govern democratically, through direct or representative participation by all school staff members, the adults who know the students best. All decisions should focus relentlessly on attaining the goal of success for every student and should be based on data drawn from various sources. Schools should be proactive, not reactive, in their efforts to ensure every student s success, using a living school improvement plan to direct actions in both the short and the long term. 11
The Talent Development High School Model Context, Components, and Initial Impacts on Ninth-Grade Students Engagement and Performance
The Talent Development High School Model Context, Components, and Initial Impacts on Ninth-Grade Students Engagement and Performance James J. Kemple, Corinne M. Herlihy Executive Summary June 2004 In many
More informationOFFICE OF HUMAN RESOURCES SAMPLE WEB CONFERENCE OR ON-CAMPUS INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
OFFICE OF HUMAN RESOURCES SAMPLE WEB CONFERENCE OR ON-CAMPUS INTERVIEW QUESTIONS General: 1. We have your resume here in front of us. Please tell us briefly about your career background and why you re
More informationProficiency Illusion
KINGSBURY RESEARCH CENTER Proficiency Illusion Deborah Adkins, MS 1 Partnering to Help All Kids Learn NWEA.org 503.624.1951 121 NW Everett St., Portland, OR 97209 Executive Summary At the heart of the
More informationPractices Worthy of Attention Step Up to High School Chicago Public Schools Chicago, Illinois
Step Up to High School Chicago Public Schools Chicago, Illinois Summary of the Practice. Step Up to High School is a four-week transitional summer program for incoming ninth-graders in Chicago Public Schools.
More informationThe Impact of Honors Programs on Undergraduate Academic Performance, Retention, and Graduation
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Journal of the National Collegiate Honors Council - -Online Archive National Collegiate Honors Council Fall 2004 The Impact
More informationThe Dropout Crisis is a National Issue
2012 ANNUAL REPORT The Dropout Crisis is a National Issue Thirty percent of U.S. students drop out of high school, with dropout rates exceeding 50% in poor urban communities. Students who dropout face
More informationWORK OF LEADERS GROUP REPORT
WORK OF LEADERS GROUP REPORT ASSESSMENT TO ACTION. Sample Report (9 People) Thursday, February 0, 016 This report is provided by: Your Company 13 Main Street Smithtown, MN 531 www.yourcompany.com INTRODUCTION
More informationSocial Emotional Learning in High School: How Three Urban High Schools Engage, Educate, and Empower Youth
SCOPE ~ Executive Summary Social Emotional Learning in High School: How Three Urban High Schools Engage, Educate, and Empower Youth By MarYam G. Hamedani and Linda Darling-Hammond About This Series Findings
More informationSeventh Grade Course Catalog
2017-2018 Seventh Grade Course Catalog Any information parents want to give the school which would be helpful for the student s educational placement needs to be addressed to the grade level counselor.
More informationEarly Warning System Implementation Guide
Linking Research and Resources for Better High Schools betterhighschools.org September 2010 Early Warning System Implementation Guide For use with the National High School Center s Early Warning System
More informationKDE Comprehensive School. Improvement Plan. Harlan High School
KDE Comprehensive School Improvement Plan Harlan Independent Britt Lawson, Principal 420 E Central St Harlan, KY 40831 Document Generated On December 22, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Executive
More informationFoundations of Bilingual Education. By Carlos J. Ovando and Mary Carol Combs
Foundations of Bilingual Education T tb k Bili l d ESL Cl Textbook: Bilingual and ESL Classrooms By Carlos J. Ovando and Mary Carol Combs Chapter 2 Policy and Programs The Politics of Bilingual Education
More informationExecutive Summary. Marian Catholic High School. Mr. Steven Tortorello, Principal 700 Ashland Avenue Chicago Heights, IL
Mr. Steven Tortorello, Principal 700 Ashland Avenue Chicago Heights, IL 60411-1699 Document Generated On February 17, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Description of the School 2 School's Purpose
More informationTestimony to the U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions. John White, Louisiana State Superintendent of Education
Testimony to the U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions John White, Louisiana State Superintendent of Education October 3, 2017 Chairman Alexander, Senator Murray, members of the
More informationAn Introduction to LEAP
An Introduction to LEAP Liberal Education America s Promise Excellence for Everyone as a Nation Goes to College An Introduction to LEAP About LEAP Liberal Education and America s Promise (LEAP) is a national
More informationDakar Framework for Action. Education for All: Meeting our Collective Commitments. World Education Forum Dakar, Senegal, April 2000
Dakar Framework for Action Education for All: Meeting our Collective Commitments Text adopted by the World Education Forum Dakar, Senegal, 26-28 April 2000 Dakar Framework for Action Education for All:
More informationExecutive Summary: Tutor-facilitated Digital Literacy Acquisition
Portland State University PDXScholar Presentations and Publications Tutor-Facilitated Digital Literacy Acquisition in Hard-to-Serve Populations: A Research Project 2015 Executive Summary: Tutor-facilitated
More informationResearch Brief. Literacy across the High School Curriculum
Literacy across the High School Curriculum Question: How can principals and teachers launch a school-wide program to promote high levels of student literacy across the curriculum? Summary of Findings:
More informationDeveloping an Assessment Plan to Learn About Student Learning
Developing an Assessment Plan to Learn About Student Learning By Peggy L. Maki, Senior Scholar, Assessing for Learning American Association for Higher Education (pre-publication version of article that
More informationADDIE: A systematic methodology for instructional design that includes five phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation.
ADDIE: A systematic methodology for instructional design that includes five phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. I first was exposed to the ADDIE model in April 1983 at
More informationPromotion and Tenure Guidelines. School of Social Work
Promotion and Tenure Guidelines School of Social Work Spring 2015 Approved 10.19.15 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction..3 1.1 Professional Model of the School of Social Work...3 2.0 Guiding Principles....3
More informationLincoln School Kathmandu, Nepal
ISS Administrative Searches is pleased to announce Lincoln School Kathmandu, Nepal Seeks Elementary Principal Application Deadline: October 30, 2017 Visit the ISS Administrative Searches webpage to view
More informationSan Marino Unified School District Homework Policy
San Marino Unified School District Homework Policy Philosophy The San Marino Unified School District through established policy recognizes that purposeful homework is an important part of the instructional
More informationCore Strategy #1: Prepare professionals for a technology-based, multicultural, complex world
Wright State University College of Education and Human Services Strategic Plan, 2008-2013 The College of Education and Human Services (CEHS) worked with a 25-member cross representative committee of faculty
More informationThe Incentives to Enhance Teachers Teaching Profession: An Empirical Study in Hong Kong Primary Schools
Social Science Today Volume 1, Issue 1 (2014), 37-43 ISSN 2368-7169 E-ISSN 2368-7177 Published by Science and Education Centre of North America The Incentives to Enhance Teachers Teaching Profession: An
More informationRobert S. Unnasch, Ph.D.
Introduction External Reviewer s Final Report Project DESERT Developing Expertise in Science Education, Research, and Technology National Science Foundation Grant #0849389 Arizona Western College November
More informationCritical Thinking in Everyday Life: 9 Strategies
Critical Thinking in Everyday Life: 9 Strategies Most of us are not what we could be. We are less. We have great capacity. But most of it is dormant; most is undeveloped. Improvement in thinking is like
More informationInternational School of Kigali, Rwanda
International School of Kigali, Rwanda Engaging Individuals Encouraging Success Enriching Global Citizens Parent Guide to the Grade 3 Curriculum International School of Kigali, Rwanda Guiding Statements
More informationTrends in Tuition at Idaho s Public Colleges and Universities: Critical Context for the State s Education Goals
1 Trends in Tuition at Idaho s Public Colleges and Universities: Critical Context for the State s Education Goals June 2017 Idahoans have long valued public higher education, recognizing its importance
More informationEvaluation of Hybrid Online Instruction in Sport Management
Evaluation of Hybrid Online Instruction in Sport Management Frank Butts University of West Georgia fbutts@westga.edu Abstract The movement toward hybrid, online courses continues to grow in higher education
More informationThree Strategies for Open Source Deployment: Substitution, Innovation, and Knowledge Reuse
Three Strategies for Open Source Deployment: Substitution, Innovation, and Knowledge Reuse Jonathan P. Allen 1 1 University of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton St., CA 94117, USA, jpallen@usfca.edu Abstract.
More informationEXECUTIVE SUMMARY. Online courses for credit recovery in high schools: Effectiveness and promising practices. April 2017
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Online courses for credit recovery in high schools: Effectiveness and promising practices April 2017 Prepared for the Nellie Mae Education Foundation by the UMass Donahue Institute 1
More informationBASIC EDUCATION IN GHANA IN THE POST-REFORM PERIOD
BASIC EDUCATION IN GHANA IN THE POST-REFORM PERIOD By Abena D. Oduro Centre for Policy Analysis Accra November, 2000 Please do not Quote, Comments Welcome. ABSTRACT This paper reviews the first stage of
More informationAlternative education: Filling the gap in emergency and post-conflict situations
2009 Alternative education: Filling the gap in emergency and post-conflict situations Overview Children and youth have a wide range of educational needs in emergency situations, especially when affected
More informationIs Open Access Community College a Bad Idea?
Is Open Access Community College a Bad Idea? The authors of the book Community Colleges and the Access Effect argue that low expectations and outside pressure to produce more graduates could doom community
More informationCharter School Performance Accountability
sept 2009 Charter School Performance Accountability The National Association of Charter School Authorizers (NACSA) is the trusted resource and innovative leader working with educators and public officials
More informationEDUCATING TEACHERS FOR CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY: A MODEL FOR ALL TEACHERS
New York State Association for Bilingual Education Journal v9 p1-6, Summer 1994 EDUCATING TEACHERS FOR CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY: A MODEL FOR ALL TEACHERS JoAnn Parla Abstract: Given changing demographics,
More informationHigher education is becoming a major driver of economic competitiveness
Executive Summary Higher education is becoming a major driver of economic competitiveness in an increasingly knowledge-driven global economy. The imperative for countries to improve employment skills calls
More informationCollege and Career Ready Performance Index, High School, Grades 9-12
Dr. John D. Barge, State School Superintendent Making Education Work for All of Georgia s Students College and Career Ready Performance Index, High School, Grades 9-12 CONTENT MASTERY (END of COURSE TESTS
More informationStrategic Practice: Career Practitioner Case Study
Strategic Practice: Career Practitioner Case Study heidi Lund 1 Interpersonal conflict has one of the most negative impacts on today s workplaces. It reduces productivity, increases gossip, and I believe
More informationBENCHMARK TREND COMPARISON REPORT:
National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) BENCHMARK TREND COMPARISON REPORT: CARNEGIE PEER INSTITUTIONS, 2003-2011 PREPARED BY: ANGEL A. SANCHEZ, DIRECTOR KELLI PAYNE, ADMINISTRATIVE ANALYST/ SPECIALIST
More informationWorkload Policy Department of Art and Art History Revised 5/2/2007
Workload Policy Department of Art and Art History Revised 5/2/2007 Workload expectations for faculty in the Department of Art and Art History, in the areas of teaching, research, and service, must be consistent
More informationFreshman On-Track Toolkit
The Network for College Success Freshman On-Track Toolkit 2nd Edition: July 2017 I Table of Contents About the Network for College Success NCS Core Values and Beliefs About the Toolkit Toolkit Organization
More informationReferencing the Danish Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning to the European Qualifications Framework
Referencing the Danish Qualifications for Lifelong Learning to the European Qualifications Referencing the Danish Qualifications for Lifelong Learning to the European Qualifications 2011 Referencing the
More informationEducational Leadership and Administration
NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY Educational Leadership and Administration Annual Evaluation and Promotion/Tenure Guidelines Unanimously Approved by Faculty on November 10 th, 2015 ELA Department P & T Policies
More informationPROPOSAL FOR NEW UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM. Institution Submitting Proposal. Degree Designation as on Diploma. Title of Proposed Degree Program
PROPOSAL FOR NEW UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM Institution Submitting Proposal Degree Designation as on Diploma Title of Proposed Degree Program EEO Status CIP Code Academic Unit (e.g. Department, Division, School)
More informationThe Ohio State University Library System Improvement Request,
The Ohio State University Library System Improvement Request, 2005-2009 Introduction: A Cooperative System with a Common Mission The University, Moritz Law and Prior Health Science libraries have a long
More informationNORTH CAROLINA STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION Policy Manual
NORTH CAROLINA STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION Policy Manual Policy Identification Priority: Twenty-first Century Professionals Category: Qualifications and Evaluations Policy ID Number: TCP-C-006 Policy Title:
More informationSoftware Maintenance
1 What is Software Maintenance? Software Maintenance is a very broad activity that includes error corrections, enhancements of capabilities, deletion of obsolete capabilities, and optimization. 2 Categories
More informationHokulani Elementary School
Hokulani Elementary Code: 109 Status and Improvement Report Year -11 Contents Focus On Standards Grades K-5 This Status and Improvement Report has been prepared as part of the Department's education accountability
More information3 of Policy. Linking your Erasmus+ Schools project to national and European Policy
1 2 3 of Policy Linking your Erasmus+ Schools project to national and European Policy 1 2 what is policy? Policy is the set of values and objectives that guide the work of organisations or bodies. This
More informationUNESCO Bangkok Asia-Pacific Programme of Education for All. Embracing Diversity: Toolkit for Creating Inclusive Learning-Friendly Environments
UNESCO Bangkok Asia-Pacific Programme of Education for All Embracing Diversity: Toolkit for Creating Inclusive Learning-Friendly Environments UNESCO / O. Saltbones Introduction... Education systems must
More informationCollegiate Academies Response to Livingston School Facility RFA Submitted January 23, 2015
Collegiate Academies Response to Livingston School Facility RFA Submitted January 23, 2015! I. APPLICANT INFORMATION Please provide the information below. Name of charter operator Application contact name
More informationTeacher of English. MPS/UPS Information for Applicants
Teacher of English MPS/UPS Information for Applicants Start date : Easter or September 2018 Weavers Academy Striving for success, focusing on learning Dear Applicant Thank you for showing an interest in
More informationCalifornia Professional Standards for Education Leaders (CPSELs)
Standard 1 STANDARD 1: DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SHARED VISION Education leaders facilitate the development and implementation of a shared vision of learning and growth of all students. Element
More informationNATIONAL SURVEY OF STUDENT ENGAGEMENT (NSSE)
NATIONAL SURVEY OF STUDENT ENGAGEMENT (NSSE) 2008 H. Craig Petersen Director, Analysis, Assessment, and Accreditation Utah State University Logan, Utah AUGUST, 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary...1
More informationDevelopment and Innovation in Curriculum Design in Landscape Planning: Students as Agents of Change
Development and Innovation in Curriculum Design in Landscape Planning: Students as Agents of Change Gill Lawson 1 1 Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4001, Australia Abstract: Landscape educators
More informationVIA ACTION. A Primer for I/O Psychologists. Robert B. Kaiser
DEVELOPING LEADERS VIA ACTION LEARNING A Primer for I/O Psychologists Robert B. Kaiser rkaiser@kaplandevries.com Practitioner Forum presented at the 20th Annual SIOP Conference Los Angeles, CA April 2005
More informationhave professional experience before graduating... The University of Texas at Austin Budget difficulties
1. Number of qualified applicants that are willing to move. 2. Pay A disconnect between what is wanted in the positions and the experience of the available pool Academic libraries move slowly. Too often
More informationGRAND CHALLENGES SCHOLARS PROGRAM
GRAND CHALLENGES SCHOLARS PROGRAM COLLEGE OF Engineering, Architecture and Technology GRAND CHALLENGES AT OKLAHOMA STATE The College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology (CEAT) Grand Challenge Scholars
More informationDescription of Program Report Codes Used in Expenditure of State Funds
Program Report Codes (PRC) A program report code (PRC) is an accounting term and is used for the allocation and accounting of funds. The PRCs (allocations) may change from year to year depending on the
More informationImplementing an Early Warning Intervention and Monitoring System to Keep Students On Track in the Middle Grades and High School
Implementing an Early Warning Intervention and Monitoring System to Keep Students On Track in the Middle Grades and High School National High School Center Facilitator: Joseph Harris, Ph.D. Presenters:
More informationPriorities for CBHS Draft 8/22/17
Priorities for CBHS 2017-18 - Draft 8/22/17 Preserve, Deepen and Grow Mission for Faculty Cultivate and sustain excellent, Expeditionary Learning teachers. Educate each student to meet rigorous, vital
More informationMiddle School Curriculum Guide
Middle School Curriculum Guide 2017-2018 Our Mission Westside School prepares students for the world by challenging them to achieve academic success and by connecting their human spirit and imagination
More informationStrategy for teaching communication skills in dentistry
Strategy for teaching communication in dentistry SADJ July 2010, Vol 65 No 6 p260 - p265 Prof. JG White: Head: Department of Dental Management Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, E-mail:
More informationCurriculum Policy. November Independent Boarding and Day School for Boys and Girls. Royal Hospital School. ISI reference.
Curriculum Policy Independent Boarding and Day School for Boys and Girls Royal Hospital School November 2017 ISI reference Key author Reviewing body Approval body Approval frequency 2a Director of Curriculum,
More informationSchool Balanced Scorecard 2.0 (Single Plan for Student Achievement)
School Balanced Scorecard 2.0 (Single Plan for Student Achievement) School Name: A. P. Giannini Middle School 1: Access and Equity- Make Social Justice a Reality What does this goal mean at your school?
More informationUPPER SECONDARY CURRICULUM OPTIONS AND LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM A GRADUATES SURVEY IN GREECE
UPPER SECONDARY CURRICULUM OPTIONS AND LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM A GRADUATES SURVEY IN GREECE Stamatis Paleocrassas, Panagiotis Rousseas, Vassilia Vretakou Pedagogical Institute, Athens Abstract
More informationAC : DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTRODUCTION TO INFRAS- TRUCTURE COURSE
AC 2011-746: DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTRODUCTION TO INFRAS- TRUCTURE COURSE Matthew W Roberts, University of Wisconsin, Platteville MATTHEW ROBERTS is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental
More informationDG 17: The changing nature and roles of mathematics textbooks: Form, use, access
DG 17: The changing nature and roles of mathematics textbooks: Form, use, access Team Chairs: Berinderjeet Kaur, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore berinderjeet.kaur@nie.edu.sg Kristina-Reiss,
More informationHead of Maths Application Pack
Head of Maths Application Pack Application Forms Furze Platt Road, Maidenhead, Berkshire SL6 7NQ Email: office@furzeplatt.com Website: www.furzeplatt.com Tel: 01628 625308 Fax: 01628 782257 Head of Maths
More information2020 Strategic Plan for Diversity and Inclusive Excellence. Six Terrains
2020 Strategic Plan for Diversity and Inclusive Excellence Six Terrains The University of San Diego 2020 Strategic Plan for Diversity and Inclusive Excellence identifies six terrains that establish vision
More informationCurricular Reviews: Harvard, Yale & Princeton. DUE Meeting
Curricular Reviews: Harvard, Yale & Princeton DUE Meeting 3 March 2006 1 Some Numbers for Comparison Undergraduates MIT: 4,066 1,745 engineering majors (plus 169 Course 6 MEng) 876 science majors 128 humanities,
More informationPreliminary Report Initiative for Investigation of Race Matters and Underrepresented Minority Faculty at MIT Revised Version Submitted July 12, 2007
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Preliminary Report Initiative for Investigation of Race Matters and Underrepresented Minority Faculty at MIT Revised Version Submitted July 12, 2007 Race Initiative
More informationCommittee to explore issues related to accreditation of professional doctorates in social work
Committee to explore issues related to accreditation of professional doctorates in social work October 2015 Report for CSWE Board of Directors Overview Informed by the various reports dedicated to the
More informationThe SREB Leadership Initiative and its
SREB LEADERSHIP INITIATIVE SREB s Leadership Curriculum Modules Engage Leaders in Solving Real School Problems Every school has leadership that results in improved student performance and leadership begins
More informationGeorge Mason University Graduate School of Education Education Leadership Program. Course Syllabus Spring 2006
George Mason University Graduate School of Education Education Leadership Program Course Syllabus Spring 2006 COURSE NUMBER AND TITLE: EDLE 610: Leading Schools and Communities (3 credits) INSTRUCTOR:
More informationMAINTAINING CURRICULUM CONSISTENCY OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS THROUGH TEACHER DESIGN TEAMS
Man In India, 95(2015) (Special Issue: Researches in Education and Social Sciences) Serials Publications MAINTAINING CURRICULUM CONSISTENCY OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS THROUGH TEACHER
More informationExecutive Summary. DoDEA Virtual High School
New York/Virginia/Puerto Rico District Dr. Terri L. Marshall, Principal 3308 John Quick Rd Quantico, VA 22134-1752 Document Generated On February 25, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Description of
More informationMultidisciplinary Engineering Systems 2 nd and 3rd Year College-Wide Courses
Multidisciplinary Engineering Systems 2 nd and 3rd Year College-Wide Courses Kevin Craig College of Engineering Marquette University Milwaukee, WI, USA Mark Nagurka College of Engineering Marquette University
More informationTIMSS Highlights from the Primary Grades
TIMSS International Study Center June 1997 BOSTON COLLEGE TIMSS Highlights from the Primary Grades THIRD INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE STUDY Most Recent Publications International comparative results
More informationLearn & Grow. Lead & Show
Learn & Grow Lead & Show LAKE WINDWARD ELEMENTARY STRATEGIC PLAN SY 2015/16 SY 2017/18 APPROVED AUGUST 2015 SECTION I. Strategic Planning Background and Approach In May 2012, the Georgia Board of Education
More informationThe Oregon Literacy Framework of September 2009 as it Applies to grades K-3
The Oregon Literacy Framework of September 2009 as it Applies to grades K-3 The State Board adopted the Oregon K-12 Literacy Framework (December 2009) as guidance for the State, districts, and schools
More informationProgram Assessment and Alignment
Program Assessment and Alignment Lieutenant Colonel Daniel J. McCarthy, Assistant Professor Lieutenant Colonel Michael J. Kwinn, Jr., PhD, Associate Professor Department of Systems Engineering United States
More informationExecutive Summary. Lava Heights Academy. Ms. Joette Hayden, Principal 730 Spring Dr. Toquerville, UT 84774
Ms. Joette Hayden, Principal 730 Spring Dr. Toquerville, UT 84774 Document Generated On April 25, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Description of the School 2 School's Purpose 4 Notable Achievements
More informationUB Graduates in Political Science Students in UB s Political Science Graduate Programs come from a wide variety of undergraduate majors and from all regions of the country and around the world. Contact
More informationReviewed by Florina Erbeli
reviews c e p s Journal Vol.2 N o 3 Year 2012 181 Kormos, J. and Smith, A. M. (2012). Teaching Languages to Students with Specific Learning Differences. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. 232 p., ISBN 978-1-84769-620-5.
More informationInternational Baccalaureate (IB) Primary Years Programme (PYP) at Northeast Elementary
International Baccalaureate (IB) Primary Years Programme (PYP) at Northeast Elementary Michael Clow, Principal Bill Parker, IB Coordinator Northeast Elementary School was designated an International Baccalaureate
More informationThe KAM project: Mathematics in vocational subjects*
The KAM project: Mathematics in vocational subjects* Leif Maerker The KAM project is a project which used interdisciplinary teams in an integrated approach which attempted to connect the mathematical learning
More informationeportfolio Guide Missouri State University
Social Studies eportfolio Guide Missouri State University Updated February 2014 Missouri State Portfolio Guide MoSPE & Conceptual Framework Standards QUALITY INDICATORS MoSPE 1: Content Knowledge Aligned
More informationCONFERENCE PAPER NCVER. What has been happening to vocational education and training diplomas and advanced diplomas? TOM KARMEL
CONFERENCE PAPER NCVER What has been happening to vocational education and training diplomas and advanced diplomas? TOM KARMEL NATIONAL CENTRE FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION RESEARCH Paper presented to the National
More informationThe University of North Carolina Strategic Plan Online Survey and Public Forums Executive Summary
The University of North Carolina Strategic Plan Online Survey and Public Forums Executive Summary The University of North Carolina General Administration January 5, 2017 Introduction The University of
More informationScoring Guide for Candidates For retake candidates who began the Certification process in and earlier.
Adolescence and Young Adulthood SOCIAL STUDIES HISTORY For retake candidates who began the Certification process in 2013-14 and earlier. Part 1 provides you with the tools to understand and interpret your
More informationVOCATIONAL QUALIFICATION IN YOUTH AND LEISURE INSTRUCTION 2009
Requirements for Vocational Qualifications VOCATIONAL QUALIFICATION IN YOUTH AND LEISURE INSTRUCTION 2009 Regulation 17/011/2009 Publications 2013:4 Publications 2013:4 Requirements for Vocational Qualifications
More informationGERMAN STUDIES (GRMN)
Bucknell University 1 GERMAN STUDIES (GRMN) Faculty Professors: Katherine M. Faull, Peter Keitel (Director) Associate Professors: Bastian Heinsohn, Helen G. Morris-Keitel (Chair) German Studies provides
More informationEUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES LOOKING FORWARD WITH CONFIDENCE PRAGUE DECLARATION 2009
EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES LOOKING FORWARD WITH CONFIDENCE PRAGUE DECLARATION 2009 Copyright 2009 by the European University Association All rights reserved. This information may be freely used and copied for
More informationLinguistics Program Outcomes Assessment 2012
Linguistics Program Outcomes Assessment 2012 BA in Linguistics / MA in Applied Linguistics Compiled by Siri Tuttle, Program Head The mission of the UAF Linguistics Program is to promote a broader understanding
More informationApproved Academic Titles
Academic Human Resources 130 Day Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 acadhr@cornell.edu www.hr.cornell.edu Approved Academic Titles Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor Professor Emeritus or Emerita University
More informationNational Taiwan Normal University - List of Presidents
National Taiwan Normal University - List of Presidents 1st Chancellor Li Ji-gu (Term of Office: 1946.5 ~1948.6) Chancellor Li Ji-gu (1895-1968), former name Zong Wu, from Zhejiang, Shaoxing. Graduated
More informationSpecial Educational Needs and Disability (SEND) Policy
Special Educational Needs and Disability (SEND) Policy Policy Date: March 2017 Renewal Date: March 2018 Owner: Daniela Pinger, SENCO Special Educational Needs and Disability (SEND) Policy 1. Ethos and
More information