Organizational Development in the UK and USA

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1 Organizational Development in the UK and USA

2 Also By CaryL. Cooper T-GROUPS: A SURVEY OF RESEARCH (with lain Mangham) GROUP TRAINING FOR INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT THEORIES OF GROUP PROCESSES DEVELOPING SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINING (editor) IN MANAGERS: ADVANCES IN GROUP

3 Organizational Development in the UK and USA A }oint Evaluation Edited by Cary L. Cooper University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology

4 Selection, lntroduction and editorial matter Cary l. Cooper 1977 Chapter 1 John Morris 1977 Chapter 2 The Tavistock Institute of Human Relations 1977 Chapter 3 larry E. Greiner 1977 Chapter 4 Suresh Srivastva, Steven l. Obert and Eric H. Neilsen 1977 Chapter 5 Ned levine and Cary l. Cooper 1977 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition Ali rights reserved. No port of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission First published 1977 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS l TD London ond Basingstoke Associoted componies in Delhi Dublin Hong Kong }ohonnesburg Logos Melboume New York Singapore Tokyo Typeset in Creat Britoin by COMPUT ACOMP (UK) l TD Fort William British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Organizational development in the UK and USA. 1. Organizational change- Congresses 1 Cooper, Cary Lynn 658.4'6'0941 HD30.5 ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / This book is sold subject to the standard condirions of the Net Book Agreement

5 I should like to extend my appreciation to Professor Frank Friedlander of Case Western Reserve University and the Academy of Management for providing us with a forum to share our ideas and experiences. In addition, I should like to thank the Foundation of Management Education for encouraging and supporting the British contributors to attend the symposium.

6 CONTENTS Notes on the Contributors Introduction 1 Tacking Down the Middle: Ten Years of Organizational Development by a British Business School John Morris 2 Organizational Development and Industrial Democracy: A Current Case-study Eric /. Miller 3 Reflections on OD American Style Larry E. Greiner 4 Organizational Analysis through Group Processes: A Theoretical Perspective for Organization Development Suresh Srivastva, Steven L. Obert and Eric H. Neilsen ix The Future of Experiential Learning in Organizational Development: 113 A Prophecy Ned Levine and Cary L. Cooper Index 141 vii

7 Notes on the Contributors PROFESSOR CARY L. COOPER Professor Cooper received his postgraduate training at the University of California (Los Angeles) and the University of leeds and is currently Professor of Management Educational Methods in the Department of Management Sciences of the University of Manchester, Institute of Science and Technology. He is European Editor of the international quarterly psychology journal Interpersonal Development and is the author of four books: T groups: A survey of research (London: Wiley, 1971); Group training for individual and organizational development (Basel: S. Karger, 1973); Theories of group proce~s (London: Wiley, 1975); and Developing Soda/ Skills in Managers (London: Macmillan, 1976). Professor Cooper has carried out numerous research and training programmes in the management education and organizational development fields in North America, Europe and the Far East, particularly in Japan. PROFESSOR LARRY E. GREINER Professor Larry Greiner received his first degree from the University of Kansas and earned his MBA and DBA at Harvard University. He began teaching at the University of Kansas, School of Business Administration in In 1965, he became a Research Fellow at the Harvard Business School and in 1966, Assistant Professor. In 1973, he became Professor of Organizational Behavior at U.S.C. Professor Greiner's major held of study is Organizational Behavior and his specialty is Organization Change and Development. His current research area is Organization Growth and some of his publications include: 'Patterns of Organizational Change', in the Harvard Business Review' (May-June 1967); 'Evolution and Revolution as Organizations Grow', in Harvard Business Review (July-Aug. 1972); 'What Managers Think of Participative Management', in the Harvard Business Review (Apr-May 1973), and 'Bureaucracies and the Fate of OD' in Organizational Dynamics (winter, 1976). He has served as consultant to numerous corporations and government agencies. DR NED LEVINE Dr Levine received his BA in psychology from the University of California, Berkeley (1962) and his PhD in social psychology from the london School of Economics (1967). From 1967 to 1969 he taught at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, and from 1969 to 1973 he was lecturer in psychology at Brunei University. He was Visiting Fellow in the Institute of Population Studies, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey and is currently in the Institute for Social Science Research at UCLA. Aside from his published ix

8 work in the T -group area, he has carried out extensive research on the individual adaptation of rural-to-urban migrants, and the development of political ideology. He has published extensively in scholarly journals and has a book in press on migrant workers. DR ERIC J. MILLER Dr Miller is a senior consultant of the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations (since 1958) and has held various roles in the Institute's management structure (including Chairman, Staff Management Committee, July - December 1975). He has been involved in the Institute's Group Relations Training Programme since 1959, and Joint Director of it since This programme is concerned with experiential study of group and organisational processes. In addition to Tavistock-sponsored conferences and courses, he also participates in the design and operation of conferences sponsored by other institutions in Britain and abroad. In this cor-text, he has been since 1970, a Board Member of the A.K. Rice Institute in Washington, DC. For the last flve years he has been adviser to the Government of Mexico on, in particular, the development of processes of national socio-economic planning. This has included a major programme of rural development and other work in the held of public administration. During 1975 he was also a consultant to the World Bonk. Between he was Visiting Professor of Organizational Behaviour at the Manchester Business School. He is the author of a number of papers; co-author with A.K. Rice of Systems of Organization (Tavistock Publications, 1967), and with G.V Gwynne of A Life Apart (Tavistock Publications, 1972); editor of Task and Organization (London: Wiley, 1976); and the author of a short book on rural development, to be published in Spanish during He is Associate Editor of the Wiley Series on Individuals, Groups and Organizations. PROFESSOR JOHN MORRIS Professor Morris works at the Manchester Business School, and is Britain's first Professor of Management Development. His main interest is in helping managers to flnd ways of making work more effective and interesting. This is done through job redesign, improved selection and career planning, and project work of various kinds. He is currently the School's chief consultant to a number of joint development activities with major companies, including Plessey, Tarmac and the National Freight Corporation. He has also worked as consultant on management development to such organisations as Fisons, United Biscuits, the Bowater Corporation, GKN, Tube Investments, ICI, and several industrial training boards. Most of his work aims at encouraging managers to take a leading part in planning and progressing their own career development. Professor Morris was awarded the Burnham Medal of the British Institute of Management in 1974 for his services to management training.

9 ERIC. H. NEilSEN Eric H. Neilsen is presently an Associate Professor of Organizational Behaviour at Case Western Reserve University. He received his undergraduate degree at Princeton University, and his doctoral degree in Sociology at Harvard. Prior to joining Case Western Reserve University, he was an Assistant Professor at Harvard Business School. STEVEN L. OBERT Steven L. Obert is presently finishing his PhD degree in Organizational Behaviour at Case Western Reserve University. He completed his bachelor's degree at the University of California. PROFESSOR SURESH SRIV ASTV A Professor Srivastva is presently (since 1970) Professor and Chairman of the Department of Organizational Behaviour, School of Management at Case Western Reserve University. Before coming to CWRU he was a Senior Professor (1962-9) at the Indian Institute of Management in Calcutta and was a Visiting Professor at the Alfred P. Sloan School of Management at MIT ( ). Having received his PhD degree in Social Psychology (1960) and having taught at the University of Michigan, Professor Srivastva joined the Department of Psychology and the Graduate School of Business Administration of the University of California, Los Angeles (196Q-2), where he did teaching and research. Professor Srivastva has been involved in research and consulting with a number of industrial enterprises in the held of organisation development. He is the author of numerous articles in the area of psychology and management problems. His major books include: Behavioral Sciences in Management, Human Factors in Industry, Anatomy of a Strike, Job Satisfaction and Productivity and Management of Work. xi

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