IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI SUBJECT : SERVICE MATTER WP(C) No.7256/2011 DATE OF DECISION : March 21, 2013

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1 IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI SUBJECT : SERVICE MATTER WP(C) No.7256/2011 DATE OF DECISION : March 21, 2013 THE MANAGING COMMITTEE ARWACHING BHARTI BHAWAN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL... Petitioner Through: Mr. Sudhanshu Tomar, Advocate. Versus MS. (DR.) ANGEL GUPTA... Respondent Through: Mr. Bankim K. Kulshreshtha, Advocate with Mr. Vivek Bhadauria, Advocate. CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE VALMIKI J. MEHTA VALMIKI J. MEHTA, J (ORAL) 1. This writ petition impugns the order dated passed by the Delhi School Tribunal whereby the Delhi School Tribunal directed the reinstatement of the respondent-teacher in the petitioner-school as also that the respondent be paid 50% of the back wages with consequential benefits. 2. The facts of the case are that the respondent was appointed as PGT (Biology) teacher in the petitioner-school in terms of appointment letter dated w.e.f Clause (b) of this appointment letter dated reads as under:- (b) Your appointment is on probation for the period from to and is a sort of agreement between the Management and yourself and carries within itself your responsibility of achieving not less than 90% pass result in respect of subject/class you are assigned, tests, examination to be held independently by the Management or the C.B.S.E. In case of your failure to achieve the prescribed results the Management hereby reserves the

2 right to terminate your services without any notice keeping in view the interest of the students as first and foremost. 3. The petitioner-school on the basis of clause (b) terminated the services of the respondent vide letter dated , and which letter reads as under:- Ref. No.ABB/SSS/VV/Pres/41/38/3391 Dated Ms. (Dr.) Angel Gupta W/o Lt. Cl. Pankaj Gupta 24-D, Pocket-4, Mayur Vihar, Ph-I Delhi Subject: Termination of services-probation teacher Madam, Your appointment as PGT (Biology) on probation was from to , subsequently extended upto with a view to assess your proficiency and achieving not less than 90% result in respect of your teaching subject/class in terms of clause (b) of your appointment letter dated Since your Board Result is not found satisfactory as per clause (b) of your appointment letter, therefore your services are no longer required w.e.f (after-noon) as decided by the Managing Committee in its meeting held on Sd/- (Arun Sharma) Manager 4. Before the services of the respondent were terminated, the respondent had written a letter dated giving the reasons why 90% pass result was not obtained in the class taught by the respondent. This letter dated reads as under:- To, The Principal Arwachin Bharti Bhawan Sr. Sec. Vivek Vihar, Delhi-91

3 Sub: regarding XII result Respected Madam, As, this is regarding my result of class XII Session I want to explain that (1) amount 35 students five were failed student and they were never serious in the class, so many times given call to their parents. (2) 12 students were totally promoted students who has main Maths instead of Biology. (3) Biology was taken by the students as a optional subject. (4) Even after releasing that of...we required even then most of the student not regular in the class. (5) Sample papers were not taken seriously by the students. (6) It is my request that Biology should be main subject for the students in the next session. (7) Next year , I will try my level best by taking extra classes as give best result. (8) It is required to considered all these...regarding my board result. Kindly consider Yours sincerely Sd/ PGT Biology 5. The petitioner-school on the representation of the respondent again appointed the respondent as a probationer w.e.f Appointment was again as PGT (Biology). The services of the respondent were thereafter terminated vide letter dated and which reads as under:- Ref No.ABB/SSS/YY/41/Per/3536 Dated Dr.(Ms.) Angel Gupta Wife of Col Pankaj Gupta 24-D Pocket IV Mayur Vihar I Delhi Subject: Termination of Services Madam, You have been on appointment of PGT (Biology) on probation from to

4 You have achieved pass percentage below 90% in your teaching subject Biology, in class XII CBSE Board Result ; whereby you have failed to fulfil the conditions of your appointment on probation. With effect from (after-noon), your services are no longer required as your board result has not been satisfactory in terms of clause (b) of your appointment letter. (Arun Sharma) Manager The counsel for the respondent on instructions states that it is not as if the results were drastically less than 90% i.e only 50% or so, and the results were about 86% of the students passing. 6. There are two principal issues which are required to be considered in this writ petition. First is the issue as to whether any school can put a clause such as the aforesaid clause (b) as one of the terms of appointment, and whereby the school is entitled to treat the services of the teacher as not satisfactory and consequently terminate the services of the teacher. The second aspect is whether a teacher appointed on probation can be terminated and thereafter reappointed again on probation. 7. I have already reproduced clause (b) of the appointment letter above and which specifies that it was undoubtedly a term of appointment that respondent will get 90% pass results of students in subject/class which the respondent is assigned. The question is can a school in terms of Delhi School Education Act, 1973 and its Rules impose such a term for confirmation of the appointment of a teacher appointed as a probationer? 8. The relevant rules with respect to appointment of a teacher in school are contained in Chapter VIII of the Delhi School Education Act and Rules, 1973 and which is contained in Rules 96 to 121. A reference to the rules shows that these rules provide for appointing authority, qualifications required for appointment, the authority which is entitled to appoint the teacher, provision for probation, age limit for appointment, procedure with respect to removal of a teacher and so on. None of the rules from 96 to 121 entitles imposition of a condition entitling terminating the services of the probationer on such ground which does not pertain to any lack of capability of the teacher to perform the duties which are assigned to her ie on events which are beyond the control of the teachers. Putting it differently, a teacher who is on probation, cannot be found to be unfit for the job for reasons she

5 cannot control. There can always be reasons that the said teacher may not be competent in teaching, may not be attending classes, may be indisciplined or there may be other aspects pertaining to her performing of her duties as teacher, however, with respect to issues which are beyond the control of the teacher, there is no provision in the 1973 Rules whereby the services of a petitioner can be found to be unsatisfactory, and therefore form a basis for termination of services of a teacher. If this is permitted then on fortuitous circumstances or circumstances beyond the control of teacher of certain students not studying properly, although a teacher has put in her full efforts towards teaching, yet, the teacher can be said to have not satisfactorily performed her duties. I do not think this can be or ought to be the legal position. Of course, the fact that most of the students or a substantial percentage of the students, who are taught by a teacher, fail and thus are not promoted to the higher class may be a ground to determine the lack of performance of a teacher, however, I do not think that the requirement of 90% pass result with respect to the students of a school can be a criteria. Also, it be noted that otherwise passing percentage theoretically even 0.1% below 90% can be sufficient to hold that a probationer can be terminated by concluding that the teacher has not satisfactorily performed her services. There cannot be a thumb rule with respect to passing percentage of students at 90%, though a school can always weigh this factor in determining the suitability of the services of a teacher in a school of course necessarily with other relevant factors. Even assuming that a percentage of passing can be put as a thumb rule to determine the suitability of the teacher for teaching, surely 90% is too high percentage to determine suitability of a teacher with respect to the services which a teacher renders in a school. In the present case it cannot be disputed that the only ground for terminating the services of the petitioner initially, as also for the second time vide letter dated , was only on the ground of pass percentage of the students being below 90%. There is no other ground mentioned in the termination letter dated that the services of the respondent as a probationer are terminated because the respondent-teacher has been found guilty of not teaching properly or not attending classes or not performing duties or being guilty of any acts of indiscipline and so on. I cannot go beyond the language of the letter dated and I am not able to agree to the arguments urged on behalf of the petitioner that this Court must look into the other record to determine as to whether the respondent-teacher was suitable for the job or not.

6 9. I therefore hold that since clause (b) of employment is itself illegal, there cannot be termination of services of a probationer on this ground of requiring that 90% of the students in the class/subject of having to pass, failing which it must be held that the respondent-teacher is unsuitable for the job. 10. In my opinion, there is also strength in the argument and issue urged on behalf of the respondent that if the policy of appointing teachers on probation and thereafter terminating them and again reappointing them on probation is allowed, then, the statutory protection which is given to the teachers against termination of employment under the Delhi School Education Act, 1973 and its Rules, will be found to be hollow, because, nothing then can prevent a school from repeatedly keep on appointing a teacher on probation. If this is permitted it will quite clearly violate the provisions of Delhi School Education Act and Rules, 1973 both in letter and spirit. I may note that once a person is appointed as a teacher, and confirmed to the services on completion of probation, the only way of removing a teacher is by the method of conducting an enquiry in terms of Rules 118 to 120 of the Delhi School Education Rules, At this stage, it must be noted that Supreme Court in the case of Management Committee of Montfort Senior Secondary School Vs. Vijay Kumar and Ors. (2005) 7 SCC 472 has held that services of teachers under the Delhi School Education Act, 1973 are statutory in character and it cannot be said that merely because contract of services has been entered into, the teacher will be a contractual teacher. The contract of services, as held by the Supreme Court in the case of Management Committee of Montfort Senior Secondary School (supra), graduates to one of a statutory character in terms of provisions of Delhi School Education Act and Rules, In view of the above, I do not find any merit in the petition, which is accordingly dismissed, leaving the parties to bear their own costs. MARCH 21, 2013 Sd/- VALMIKI J. MEHTA, J

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