PROSODIC CONSTRAINTS GOVERNING SYLLABLE CONTRACTION. This chapter aims at explaining the asymmetrical behavior of the following
|
|
- Abigayle Harvey
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 98 CHAPTER 5 PROSODIC CONSTRAINTS GOVERNING SYLLABLE CONTRACTION This chapter aims at explaining the asymmetrical behavior of the following A-not-A strings in connected speech phonology: namely σ 1 -m 21 -σ 2, σ 1 -m 21 -σ 2 -σ 3, σ 1 -σ 2 -m 21 -σ 3 -σ 4, as well as the simple negation m 21 -σ 1 string. I argue that syllable contraction, or the prohibition of syllable contraction, is subjected to prosodic factors. Despite their different patterns, their behavior can be explained by the same ranking of prosodic constraints in accordance to Optimality Theory. First, I compare the prosodic structures of various A-not-A strings. Second, I put forward a set of relevant prosodic constraints. Lastly, I explain how the ranking of these constraints may predict the permissibility of syllable contraction. 5.1 Prosodic structure of various A-not-A strings Cantonese prosodic structure, such as foot and stress, is not yet a well-established subject in the available literature. Since there is no neutral tone or tone sandhi in Cantonese to represent stressless syllables, there is hardly any obvious pattern of speech rhythm, unlike the case of Mandarin. Even native speakers can hardly feel stress in Cantonese. As Duanmu (2000) suggests, in a tone language, F0 is used to draw lexical contrasts. As a result, the most important phonetic cue for stress is not available. Nevertheless, there are more subtle ways to prove the existence of stress such as restrictions of word order and word length
2 99 (see Duanmu 2000 for discussion). Moreover, in a lot of languages, it is a tendency for a stressed element to keep its features whereas an unstressed element loses some of the features (Duanmu 1993). A simple example from English is vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. A vowel in an unstressed syllable often reduces into a mid vowel [ ]. Such relationship between reduction and stress, which is the head of a foot, is the anchor of the following discussion. Before describing the prosodic structure of A-not-A strings, I state a number of assumptions regarding Cantonese prosodic structure. First, I assume that the foot structure of Cantonese is binary. Second, I assume that the head 1 is on the left of a foot, and so strong and weak syllables alternate, which is also hypothesized by Lee (2003). Therefore, a Cantonese foot is a binary syllabic trochee. The four types of strings are divided into two groups. In the first group, syllable contraction is permissible, which includes σ 1 -m 21 -σ 2 and σ 1 -m 21 -σ 2 -σ 3. In the second group, syllable contractions of all kinds are prohibited, which includes the σ 1 -σ 2 -m 21 -σ 3 -σ 4 and the string of simple negation m 21 -σ 1. (88) and (89) present the prosodic structures of the σ 1 -m 21 -σ 2 and σ 1 -m 21 -σ 2 -σ 3 strings respectively. The transcription of data is shown in the bottom row. The syllables in bold are prone to 1 To avoid side-tracking controversies, which digress from the theme of syllable contraction, I am not going to use the term stress throughout the discussion. I take it as the head of a foot in general.
3 100 contract into one syllable in connected speech. This is a process which changes the status of the syllabic labial nasal /m / from an independent syllable into an onset or coda consonant. On Level 0, the number of syllables is marked. On the next level, a foot boundary is drawn and Ø represents an empty beat. Finally, Level 2 marks the head of a foot by. (88) Prosodic structure of σ 1 -m 21 -σ 2 strings Level 2 Head Level 1 Foot (σ σ) (σ Ø) Level 0 Syllable σ σ σ Data 濕唔濕 認唔認 s p e m m 開唔開 h m 惡唔惡 m s p e h (89) Prosodic structure of σ 1 -m 21 -σ 2 -σ 3 strings Level 2 Head Level 1 Foot (σ σ) (σ σ) Level 0 Syllable σ σ σ σ Data 濕唔濕滯 認唔認識 s p e 開唔開唔開朗 h m 惡唔惡唔惡死 m m s p ts i m e sek h The shaded column in both tables draws the following generalization - the l sei syllable [m ] falls on a light beat. It is not the head of any foot. On the contrary, [m ] in the other two strings has a different prosodic nature. In tables (90) and (91), the metrical structures of the σ 1 -σ 2 -m 21 -σ 3 -σ 4 and m 21 -σ 1 strings are presented. They are cases where syllable contraction is prohibited. For the m 21 -σ 1 string, any
4 101 possible contraction may only concern the syllable following /m /. Therefore, only syllables with glottal consonants are listed. (90) Prosodic structure of σ 1 -σ 2 -m 21 -σ 3 -σ 4 strings Level 2 Head Level 1 Foot (σ σ) (σ σ ) (σ Ø) Level 0 Syllable σ σ σ σ σ Data 潮濕唔濕唔潮濕 ts iw s p m ts iw s p 招認唔認唔招認 tsiw e m tsiw e 開朗唔開唔開朗 h l m 惡死唔惡唔惡死 sei m h l sei (91) Prosodic structure of m 21 -σ 1 strings (simple negation) Level 2 Head Level 1 Foot (σ σ ) Level 0 Syllable σ σ Data 唔開 唔惡 m m h In both tables, [m ] occupies a head position, as indicated by Level 2. It is a strong beat on the left of a binary foot. The observations from the four tables altogether are evidence to show that when [m ] is a head of a foot, syllable contraction is consistently prohibited. When [m ] does not occupy the head position of a foot, it can be reduced from an independent syllable into an onset [m-] or a coda consonant [-m]. There is a strong relationship between syllable contraction and prosody. The phonology of syllable contraction does not only concern the two syllables involved. Rather, it takes place upon a larger domain on the phrase level. The prosodic structure of the whole phrase must be examined in order to predict the permissibility of contraction.
5 Predicting the result of syllable contraction by constraint ranking In OT terms, the demand of identity between the input and output is faithfulness. In particular, in regard to head-faithfulness, Dresher and van der Hulst (1995) points out that more phonological complexity is allowed in heads. Marked segments can survive in head position only. Alderete (1995:14) further translates this observation in OT terms, suggesting that faithfulness outranks markedness in head positions. A constraint of head identity is proposed under the faithfulness family: (92) HEAD-IDENT(F) Correspondent segments in prosodic heads in the input and output agree in value for feature [F]. (Alderete 1995:14) For the case of Cantonese syllable contraction, the feature involved is syllabicity. The syllabic labial nasal [m ] switches between the status as a syllable nucleus and a non-nucleus in different strings during connected speech. (93) specifies the feature of syllabicity: (93) HEAD-IDENT(SYLLABIC) The syllabicity of a segment in prosodic heads in the input should agree with that of the correspondent segment in the output. This constraint is bound to be in conflict with the markedness constraint against syllabic nasals, which is proposed in the previous chapter: (94) *NUCLEUS/NASAL Against syllabic nasals. The prohibition of syllable contraction involving a syllabic nasal in prosodic
6 103 heads can be explained by the domination of head identity against markedness: (95) Selection of permissible contraction in A-not-A strings Inputs Candidates HEAD-IDENT (SYLLABIC) *NUCLEUS /NASAL (i) (σ σ) (σ Ø) s p m s p (ii) (σ σ) (σ σ) s p m s p ts i (iii) (σ σ) (σ σ) (σ Ø) ts iw s p m ts iw s p (iv) (σ σ) (σ Ø) m (v) (σ σ) (σ σ) m sei (vi) (σ σ) (σ σ) (σ Ø) sei m sei (vii) (σ σ) m a. a. s m s p b. s p m s p s m s p ts i b. s p m s p ts i a. ts iw s m ts iw s p *! b. a. ts iw s p m ts iw s p k m b. k m k a. k m sei b. k m k sei a. k sei m sei *! b. b. k sei m k sei a. m *! m k *! *! * *! *! * * In this tableau, (i)-(iii) involves the contraction of the two syllables [s p m ]
7 104 into [s m]; whereas (iv)-(vii) involves the contraction of [m ] into [m]. The former represents the contraction of the syllabic nasal [m ] with the preceding syllable while the latter represents contraction with the following syllable. In every pair of candidates, contraction takes place in (a) but not in (b). In the inputs (iii), (vi) and (vii), the syllable [m ] occupies the head position in the foot as indicated by. Contraction in candidates (a) changes the syllabicity of [m ] from [+syllabic] into [-syllabic]. This process goes against the demand of head identity. Since the constraint HEAD-IDENT (SYLLABIC) is undominated, all candidates (a) of these inputs incur a fatal violation. Although candidates (b) contain a marked segment [m ], the violation of *NUCLEUS/NASAL is not fatal since it is of a lower rank. Hence, candidates (b) of (iii), (vi) and (vii) are selected as optimal. Candidates with uncontracted syllables win over the others. For the inputs (i), (ii), (iv) and (v), the syllabic nasal [m ] occupies a non-head position in a foot. Contraction in candidates (a) does not violate HEAD-IDENT (SYLLABIC). Since all candidates (b) have a nasal syllable nucleus, they violate *NUCLEUS/NASAL. While candidates (a) do not incur any constraint violation, they are selected as optimal. In these cases, syllable contraction is not prohibited.
8 Summary of prosodic factors Despite the asymmetrical behavior of [m ] in different environments, all strings of A-not-A constructions are in fact governed by the same constraint hierarchy: HEAD-IDENT (SYLLABIC)>> *NUCLEUS/NASAL. In σ 1 -σ 2 -m 21 -σ 3 -σ 4 and m 21 -σ 1 strings, the syllabic nasal [m ] is the prosodic head of a foot. Contraction of any kind is prohibited by the faithfulness constraint HEAD-IDENT (SYLLABIC). In σ 1 -m 21 -σ 2 and σ 1 -m 21 -σ 2 -σ 3 strings, [m ] is a prosodic non-head and hence syllable contraction does not incur any fatal violation. To sum up, the phonology of syllable contraction does not only concern the contracted disyllabic string; rather, in the prediction of the behavior of [m ], a larger prosodic domain on the phrase level should be taken into consideration. While [m ] is assigned a different position in a foot structure, its pattern of contraction also differs.
Parallel Evaluation in Stratal OT * Adam Baker University of Arizona
Parallel Evaluation in Stratal OT * Adam Baker University of Arizona tabaker@u.arizona.edu 1.0. Introduction The model of Stratal OT presented by Kiparsky (forthcoming), has not and will not prove uncontroversial
More informationThe Odd-Parity Parsing Problem 1 Brett Hyde Washington University May 2008
The Odd-Parity Parsing Problem 1 Brett Hyde Washington University May 2008 1 Introduction Although it is a simple matter to divide a form into binary feet when it contains an even number of syllables,
More informationMandarin Lexical Tone Recognition: The Gating Paradigm
Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 0 (008), p. 8 Abstract Mandarin Lexical Tone Recognition: The Gating Paradigm Yuwen Lai and Jie Zhang University of Kansas Research on spoken word recognition
More informationTernary rhythm in alignment theory René Kager Utrecht University
Ternary rhythm in alignment theory René Kager Utrecht University 1 Introduction This paper addresses ternary rhythm from the constraint-based viewpoint of Optimality Theory (OT, Prince & Smolensky 1993).
More informationPhonological Processing for Urdu Text to Speech System
Phonological Processing for Urdu Text to Speech System Sarmad Hussain Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, B Block, Faisal Town, Lahore,
More information**Note: this is slightly different from the original (mainly in format). I would be happy to send you a hard copy.**
**Note: this is slightly different from the original (mainly in format). I would be happy to send you a hard copy.** REANALYZING THE JAPANESE CODA NASAL IN OPTIMALITY THEORY 1 KATSURA AOYAMA University
More informationContrastiveness and diachronic variation in Chinese nasal codas. Tsz-Him Tsui The Ohio State University
Contrastiveness and diachronic variation in Chinese nasal codas Tsz-Him Tsui The Ohio State University Abstract: Among the nasal codas across Chinese languages, [-m] underwent sound changes more often
More informationPrecedence Constraints and Opacity
Precedence Constraints and Opacity Yongsung Lee (Pusan University of Foreign Studies) Yongsung Lee (2006) Precedence Constraints and Opacity. Journal of Language Sciences 13-3, xx-xxx. Phonological change
More informationI propose an analysis of thorny patterns of reduplication in the unrelated languages Saisiyat
BOUNDARY-PROXIMITY Constraints in Order-Disrupting Reduplication 1. Introduction I propose an analysis of thorny patterns of reduplication in the unrelated languages Saisiyat (Austronesian: Taiwan) and
More informationLexical phonology. Marc van Oostendorp. December 6, Until now, we have presented phonological theory as if it is a monolithic
Lexical phonology Marc van Oostendorp December 6, 2005 Background Until now, we have presented phonological theory as if it is a monolithic unit. However, there is evidence that phonology consists of at
More informationUniversal contrastive analysis as a learning principle in CAPT
Universal contrastive analysis as a learning principle in CAPT Jacques Koreman, Preben Wik, Olaf Husby, Egil Albertsen Department of Language and Communication Studies, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway jacques.koreman@ntnu.no,
More informationOn the nature of voicing assimilation(s)
On the nature of voicing assimilation(s) Wouter Jansen Clinical Language Sciences Leeds Metropolitan University W.Jansen@leedsmet.ac.uk http://www.kuvik.net/wjansen March 15, 2006 On the nature of voicing
More informationWord Stress and Intonation: Introduction
Word Stress and Intonation: Introduction WORD STRESS One or more syllables of a polysyllabic word have greater prominence than the others. Such syllables are said to be accented or stressed. Word stress
More informationMarkedness and Complex Stops: Evidence from Simplification Processes 1. Nick Danis Rutgers University
Markedness and Complex Stops: Evidence from Simplification Processes 1 Nick Danis Rutgers University nick.danis@rutgers.edu WOCAL 8 Kyoto, Japan August 21-24, 2015 1 Introduction (1) Complex segments:
More informationRhythm-typology revisited.
DFG Project BA 737/1: "Cross-language and individual differences in the production and perception of syllabic prominence. Rhythm-typology revisited." Rhythm-typology revisited. B. Andreeva & W. Barry Jacques
More informationhave to be modeled) or isolated words. Output of the system is a grapheme-tophoneme conversion system which takes as its input the spelling of words,
A Language-Independent, Data-Oriented Architecture for Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion Walter Daelemans and Antal van den Bosch Proceedings ESCA-IEEE speech synthesis conference, New York, September 1994
More informationThe optimal placement of up and ab A comparison 1
The optimal placement of up and ab A comparison 1 Nicole Dehé Humboldt-University, Berlin December 2002 1 Introduction This paper presents an optimality theoretic approach to the transitive particle verb
More informationDemonstration of problems of lexical stress on the pronunciation Turkish English teachers and teacher trainees by computer
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46 ( 2012 ) 3011 3016 WCES 2012 Demonstration of problems of lexical stress on the pronunciation Turkish English teachers
More informationPobrane z czasopisma New Horizons in English Studies Data: 18/11/ :52:20. New Horizons in English Studies 1/2016
LANGUAGE Maria Curie-Skłodowska University () in Lublin k.laidler.umcs@gmail.com Online Adaptation of Word-initial Ukrainian CC Consonant Clusters by Native Speakers of English Abstract. The phenomenon
More informationAcoustic correlates of stress and their use in diagnosing syllable fusion in Tongan. James White & Marc Garellek UCLA
Acoustic correlates of stress and their use in diagnosing syllable fusion in Tongan James White & Marc Garellek UCLA 1 Introduction Goals: To determine the acoustic correlates of primary and secondary
More informationADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES MODELING IMPROVED AMHARIC SYLLBIFICATION ALGORITHM
ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES MODELING IMPROVED AMHARIC SYLLBIFICATION ALGORITHM BY NIRAYO HAILU GEBREEGZIABHER A THESIS SUBMITED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES OF ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY
More informationLanguage Acquisition by Identical vs. Fraternal SLI Twins * Karin Stromswold & Jay I. Rifkin
Stromswold & Rifkin, Language Acquisition by MZ & DZ SLI Twins (SRCLD, 1996) 1 Language Acquisition by Identical vs. Fraternal SLI Twins * Karin Stromswold & Jay I. Rifkin Dept. of Psychology & Ctr. for
More informationA Cross-language Corpus for Studying the Phonetics and Phonology of Prominence
A Cross-language Corpus for Studying the Phonetics and Phonology of Prominence Bistra Andreeva 1, William Barry 1, Jacques Koreman 2 1 Saarland University Germany 2 Norwegian University of Science and
More informationPartial Class Behavior and Nasal Place Assimilation*
Partial Class Behavior and Nasal Place Assimilation* Jaye Padgett University of California, Santa Cruz 1. Introduction This paper has two goals. The first is to pursue and further motivate some ideas developed
More informationNorwegian stress and quantity: The implications of loanwords
Lingua 116 (2006) 1171 1194 www.elsevier.com/locate/lingua Norwegian stress and quantity: The implications of loanwords Curt Rice * Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Linguistics (CASTL), University
More informationA survey of intonation systems
1 A survey of intonation systems D A N I E L H I R S T a n d A L B E R T D I C R I S T O 1. Background The description of the intonation system of a particular language or dialect is a particularly difficult
More informationThe influence of metrical constraints on direct imitation across French varieties
The influence of metrical constraints on direct imitation across French varieties Mariapaola D Imperio 1,2, Caterina Petrone 1 & Charlotte Graux-Czachor 1 1 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LPL UMR 7039,
More informationProceedings of Meetings on Acoustics
Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics Volume 19, 2013 http://acousticalsociety.org/ ICA 2013 Montreal Montreal, Canada 2-7 June 2013 Speech Communication Session 2aSC: Linking Perception and Production
More informationConsonant-Vowel Unity in Element Theory*
Consonant-Vowel Unity in Element Theory* Phillip Backley Tohoku Gakuin University Kuniya Nasukawa Tohoku Gakuin University ABSTRACT. This paper motivates the Element Theory view that vowels and consonants
More informationRadical CV Phonology: the locational gesture *
Radical CV Phonology: the locational gesture * HARRY VAN DER HULST 1 Goals 'Radical CV Phonology' is a variant of Dependency Phonology (Anderson and Jones 1974, Anderson & Ewen 1980, Ewen 1980, Lass 1984,
More informationSEGMENTAL FEATURES IN SPONTANEOUS AND READ-ALOUD FINNISH
SEGMENTAL FEATURES IN SPONTANEOUS AND READ-ALOUD FINNISH Mietta Lennes Most of the phonetic knowledge that is currently available on spoken Finnish is based on clearly pronounced speech: either readaloud
More informationRevisiting the role of prosody in early language acquisition. Megha Sundara UCLA Phonetics Lab
Revisiting the role of prosody in early language acquisition Megha Sundara UCLA Phonetics Lab Outline Part I: Intonation has a role in language discrimination Part II: Do English-learning infants have
More informationListener-oriented phonology
Listener-oriented phonology UF SF OF OF speaker-based UF SF OF UF SF OF UF OF SF listener-oriented Paul Boersma, University of Amsterda! Baltimore, September 21, 2004 Three French word onsets Consonant:
More informationDerivations (MP) and Evaluations (OT) *
Derivations (MP) and Evaluations (OT) * Leiden University (LUCL) The main claim of this paper is that the minimalist framework and optimality theory adopt more or less the same architecture of grammar:
More informationLinguistics 220 Phonology: distributions and the concept of the phoneme. John Alderete, Simon Fraser University
Linguistics 220 Phonology: distributions and the concept of the phoneme John Alderete, Simon Fraser University Foundations in phonology Outline 1. Intuitions about phonological structure 2. Contrastive
More information18 The syntax phonology interface
Comp. by: PAnanthi Date:19/10/06 Time:13:41:29 Stage:1st Revises File Path:// 18 The syntax phonology interface Hubert Truckenbrodt 18.1 Introduction Phonological structure is sensitive to syntactic phrase
More informationLING 329 : MORPHOLOGY
LING 329 : MORPHOLOGY TTh 10:30 11:50 AM, Physics 121 Course Syllabus Spring 2013 Matt Pearson Office: Vollum 313 Email: pearsonm@reed.edu Phone: 7618 (off campus: 503-517-7618) Office hrs: Mon 1:30 2:30,
More informationRachel E. Baker, Ann R. Bradlow. Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
LANGUAGE AND SPEECH, 2009, 52 (4), 391 413 391 Variability in Word Duration as a Function of Probability, Speech Style, and Prosody Rachel E. Baker, Ann R. Bradlow Northwestern University, Evanston, IL,
More informationPhonological encoding in speech production
Phonological encoding in speech production Niels O. Schiller Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
More informationManner assimilation in Uyghur
Manner assimilation in Uyghur Suyeon Yun (suyeon@mit.edu) 10th Workshop on Altaic Formal Linguistics (1) Possible patterns of manner assimilation in nasal-liquid sequences (a) Regressive assimilation lateralization:
More informationThe analysis starts with the phonetic vowel and consonant charts based on the dataset:
Ling 113 Homework 5: Hebrew Kelli Wiseth February 13, 2014 The analysis starts with the phonetic vowel and consonant charts based on the dataset: a) Given that the underlying representation for all verb
More informationThe presence of interpretable but ungrammatical sentences corresponds to mismatches between interpretive and productive parsing.
Lecture 4: OT Syntax Sources: Kager 1999, Section 8; Legendre et al. 1998; Grimshaw 1997; Barbosa et al. 1998, Introduction; Bresnan 1998; Fanselow et al. 1999; Gibson & Broihier 1998. OT is not a theory
More informationProgram Matrix - Reading English 6-12 (DOE Code 398) University of Florida. Reading
Program Requirements Competency 1: Foundations of Instruction 60 In-service Hours Teachers will develop substantive understanding of six components of reading as a process: comprehension, oral language,
More informationIs French Optimal?* 1 Introduction. 2 Two output-driven processes
To appear in: Durand, J. & B. Laks, (eds.) (1996).Current trends in phonology. CNRS, Paris-X and University of Salford: University of Salford Publications. Is French Optimal?* A question concerning phonological
More informationWriting a composition
A good composition has three elements: Writing a composition an introduction: A topic sentence which contains the main idea of the paragraph. a body : Supporting sentences that develop the main idea. a
More informationUnderlying Representations
Underlying Representations The content of underlying representations. A basic issue regarding underlying forms is: what are they made of? We have so far treated them as segments represented as letters.
More informationA Fact in Historical Phonology from the Viewpoint of Generative Phonology: The Underlying Schwa in Old English
A Fact in Historical Phonology from the Viewpoint of Generative Phonology: The Underlying Schwa in Old English Abstract Although OE schwa has been viewed as an allophone, but not as a phoneme, the abstract
More informationTo appear in the Proceedings of the 35th Meetings of the Chicago Linguistics Society. Post-vocalic spirantization: Typology and phonetic motivations
Post-vocalic spirantization: Typology and phonetic motivations Alan C-L Yu University of California, Berkeley 0. Introduction Spirantization involves a stop consonant becoming a weak fricative (e.g., B,
More informationRhythmic Licensing Theory: An extended typology
Rhythmic Licensing Theory: An extended typology René Kager Utrecht University 1. Introduction The standard model of directional stress assignment in Optimality Theory uses two gradient alignment constraints
More informationPerceived speech rate: the effects of. articulation rate and speaking style in spontaneous speech. Jacques Koreman. Saarland University
1 Perceived speech rate: the effects of articulation rate and speaking style in spontaneous speech Jacques Koreman Saarland University Institute of Phonetics P.O. Box 151150 D-66041 Saarbrücken Germany
More informationAre You Ready? Simplify Fractions
SKILL 10 Simplify Fractions Teaching Skill 10 Objective Write a fraction in simplest form. Review the definition of simplest form with students. Ask: Is 3 written in simplest form? Why 7 or why not? (Yes,
More informationA Minimalist Approach to Code-Switching. In the field of linguistics, the topic of bilingualism is a broad one. There are many
Schmidt 1 Eric Schmidt Prof. Suzanne Flynn Linguistic Study of Bilingualism December 13, 2013 A Minimalist Approach to Code-Switching In the field of linguistics, the topic of bilingualism is a broad one.
More informationImproved Effects of Word-Retrieval Treatments Subsequent to Addition of the Orthographic Form
Orthographic Form 1 Improved Effects of Word-Retrieval Treatments Subsequent to Addition of the Orthographic Form The development and testing of word-retrieval treatments for aphasia has generally focused
More informationJournal of Phonetics
Journal of Phonetics 41 (2013) 297 306 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Phonetics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/phonetics The role of intonation in language and
More informationThe Perception of Nasalized Vowels in American English: An Investigation of On-line Use of Vowel Nasalization in Lexical Access
The Perception of Nasalized Vowels in American English: An Investigation of On-line Use of Vowel Nasalization in Lexical Access Joyce McDonough 1, Heike Lenhert-LeHouiller 1, Neil Bardhan 2 1 Linguistics
More informationFlorida Reading Endorsement Alignment Matrix Competency 1
Florida Reading Endorsement Alignment Matrix Competency 1 Reading Endorsement Guiding Principle: Teachers will understand and teach reading as an ongoing strategic process resulting in students comprehending
More informationPhonological and Phonetic Representations: The Case of Neutralization
Phonological and Phonetic Representations: The Case of Neutralization Allard Jongman University of Kansas 1. Introduction The present paper focuses on the phenomenon of phonological neutralization to consider
More informationThe Strong Minimalist Thesis and Bounded Optimality
The Strong Minimalist Thesis and Bounded Optimality DRAFT-IN-PROGRESS; SEND COMMENTS TO RICKL@UMICH.EDU Richard L. Lewis Department of Psychology University of Michigan 27 March 2010 1 Purpose of this
More informationSpeech Recognition using Acoustic Landmarks and Binary Phonetic Feature Classifiers
Speech Recognition using Acoustic Landmarks and Binary Phonetic Feature Classifiers October 31, 2003 Amit Juneja Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland, College Park,
More informationCS Machine Learning
CS 478 - Machine Learning Projects Data Representation Basic testing and evaluation schemes CS 478 Data and Testing 1 Programming Issues l Program in any platform you want l Realize that you will be doing
More informationABSTRACT. Some children with speech sound disorders (SSD) have difficulty with literacyrelated
ABSTRACT Some children with speech sound disorders (SSD) have difficulty with literacyrelated skills. In particular, they often have trouble with phonological processing, which is a robust predictor of
More informationSOUND STRUCTURE REPRESENTATION, REPAIR AND WELL-FORMEDNESS: GRAMMAR IN SPOKEN LANGUAGE PRODUCTION. Adam B. Buchwald
SOUND STRUCTURE REPRESENTATION, REPAIR AND WELL-FORMEDNESS: GRAMMAR IN SPOKEN LANGUAGE PRODUCTION by Adam B. Buchwald A dissertation submitted to The Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements
More informationLongitudinal family-risk studies of dyslexia: why. develop dyslexia and others don t.
The Dyslexia Handbook 2013 69 Aryan van der Leij, Elsje van Bergen and Peter de Jong Longitudinal family-risk studies of dyslexia: why some children develop dyslexia and others don t. Longitudinal family-risk
More informationUnvoiced Landmark Detection for Segment-based Mandarin Continuous Speech Recognition
Unvoiced Landmark Detection for Segment-based Mandarin Continuous Speech Recognition Hua Zhang, Yun Tang, Wenju Liu and Bo Xu National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation, Chinese
More informationCopyright by Niamh Eileen Kelly 2015
Copyright by Niamh Eileen Kelly 2015 The Dissertation Committee for Niamh Eileen Kelly certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: An Experimental Approach to the Production
More informationSession 2B From understanding perspectives to informing public policy the potential and challenges for Q findings to inform survey design
Session 2B From understanding perspectives to informing public policy the potential and challenges for Q findings to inform survey design Paper #3 Five Q-to-survey approaches: did they work? Job van Exel
More informationThe Prosodic (Re)organization of Determiners
The Prosodic (Re)organization of Determiners Katherine Demuth, Elizabeth McCullough, and Matthew Adamo Brown University 1. Introduction* * Researchers have long known that children variably produce grammatical
More informationLexical specification of tone in North Germanic
Nor Jnl Ling 28.1, 61 96 C 2005 Cambridge University Press Printed in the United Kingdom Lahiri Aditi, Allison Wetterlin & Elisabet Jönsson-Steiner. 2005. Lexical specification of tone in North Germanic.
More informationL1 Influence on L2 Intonation in Russian Speakers of English
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Spring 7-23-2013 L1 Influence on L2 Intonation in Russian Speakers of English Christiane Fleur Crosby Portland State
More informationDeveloping phonological awareness: Is there a bilingual advantage?
Applied Psycholinguistics 24 (2003), 27 44 Printed in the United States of America DOI: 10.1017.S014271640300002X Developing phonological awareness: Is there a bilingual advantage? ELLEN BIALYSTOK, SHILPI
More informationUnit Selection Synthesis Using Long Non-Uniform Units and Phonemic Identity Matching
Unit Selection Synthesis Using Long Non-Uniform Units and Phonemic Identity Matching Lukas Latacz, Yuk On Kong, Werner Verhelst Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO) Vrie Universiteit Brussel
More informationPhonetic Knowledge in Tonal Adaptation: Mandarin and English. Loanwords in Lhasa Tibetan*
Feng-fan Hsieh and Michael Kenstowicz National Tsing Hua University and MIT Phonetic Knowledge in Tonal Adaptation: Mandarin and English Loanwords in Lhasa Tibetan* In this paper we present the results
More informationSom and Optimality Theory
Som and Optimality Theory This article argues that the difference between English and Norwegian with respect to the presence of a complementizer in embedded subject questions is attributable to a larger
More information5 Minimalism and Optimality Theory
5 Minimalism and Optimality Theory Hans Broekhuis and Ellen Woolford 5.1 Introduction This chapter discusses the relation between the Minimalist Program (MP) and Optimality Theory (OT) and will show that,
More informationTowards a Robuster Interpretive Parsing
J Log Lang Inf (2013) 22:139 172 DOI 10.1007/s10849-013-9172-x Towards a Robuster Interpretive Parsing Learning from Overt Forms in Optimality Theory Tamás Biró Published online: 9 April 2013 Springer
More informationAtypical Prosodic Structure as an Indicator of Reading Level and Text Difficulty
Atypical Prosodic Structure as an Indicator of Reading Level and Text Difficulty Julie Medero and Mari Ostendorf Electrical Engineering Department University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 USA {jmedero,ostendor}@uw.edu
More informationNCU IISR English-Korean and English-Chinese Named Entity Transliteration Using Different Grapheme Segmentation Approaches
NCU IISR English-Korean and English-Chinese Named Entity Transliteration Using Different Grapheme Segmentation Approaches Yu-Chun Wang Chun-Kai Wu Richard Tzong-Han Tsai Department of Computer Science
More informationAutomatic intonation assessment for computer aided language learning
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Speech Communication 52 (2010) 254 267 www.elsevier.com/locate/specom Automatic intonation assessment for computer aided language learning Juan Pablo Arias a,
More informationThe Journey to Vowelerria VOWEL ERRORS: THE LOST WORLD OF SPEECH INTERVENTION. Preparation: Education. Preparation: Education. Preparation: Education
VOWEL ERRORS: THE LOST WORLD OF SPEECH INTERVENTION The Journey to Vowelerria An adventure across familiar territory child speech intervention leading to uncommon terrain vowel errors, Ph.D., CCC-SLP 03-15-14
More informationAn Evaluation of the Interactive-Activation Model Using Masked Partial-Word Priming. Jason R. Perry. University of Western Ontario. Stephen J.
An Evaluation of the Interactive-Activation Model Using Masked Partial-Word Priming Jason R. Perry University of Western Ontario Stephen J. Lupker University of Western Ontario Colin J. Davis Royal Holloway
More informationOn the Rhythmic Vowel Deletion in Maga Rukai *
Concentric: Studies in Linguistics 34.2 (July 2008): 47-84 On the Rhythmic Vowel Deletion in Maga Rukai * Yin-Ling Christina Chen National Tsing Hua University Kager (1997, 1999) successfully interprets
More informationSpeech Recognition at ICSI: Broadcast News and beyond
Speech Recognition at ICSI: Broadcast News and beyond Dan Ellis International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley CA Outline 1 2 3 The DARPA Broadcast News task Aspects of ICSI
More informationA Bayesian Model of Stress Assignment in Reading
Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository March 2014 A Bayesian Model of Stress Assignment in Reading Olessia Jouravlev The University of Western Ontario Supervisor
More informationInfants learn phonotactic regularities from brief auditory experience
B69 Cognition 87 (2003) B69 B77 www.elsevier.com/locate/cognit Brief article Infants learn phonotactic regularities from brief auditory experience Kyle E. Chambers*, Kristine H. Onishi, Cynthia Fisher
More informationQuarterly Progress and Status Report. Voiced-voiceless distinction in alaryngeal speech - acoustic and articula
Dept. for Speech, Music and Hearing Quarterly Progress and Status Report Voiced-voiceless distinction in alaryngeal speech - acoustic and articula Nord, L. and Hammarberg, B. and Lundström, E. journal:
More information5. Margi (Chadic, Nigeria): H, L, R (Williams 1973, Hoffmann 1963)
24.961 Tone-1: African Languages 1. Main theme the study of tone in African lgs. raised serious conceptual problems for the representation of the phoneme as a bundle of distinctive features. the solution
More informationClassification. Universals
CAS LX 500 Topics in Linguistics Fall 2000 Language Universals December 2, 2000 Paul Hagstrom Week 5: Summary An overview of what we ve seen Underlying plot: Classification: There are lots of languages,
More informationStages of Literacy Ros Lugg
Beginning readers in the USA Stages of Literacy Ros Lugg Looked at predictors of reading success or failure Pre-readers readers aged 3-53 5 yrs Looked at variety of abilities IQ Speech and language abilities
More informationage, Speech and Hearii
age, Speech and Hearii 1 Speech Commun cation tion 2 Sensory Comm, ection i 298 RLE Progress Report Number 132 Section 1 Speech Communication Chapter 1 Speech Communication 299 300 RLE Progress Report
More informationTruncation to Subminimal Words
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 48(3/4): 211 241, 2003 Truncation to Subminimal Words in Early French KATHERINE DEMUTH and MARK JOHNSON Brown University 1. INTRODUCTION
More informationWORK OF LEADERS GROUP REPORT
WORK OF LEADERS GROUP REPORT ASSESSMENT TO ACTION. Sample Report (9 People) Thursday, February 0, 016 This report is provided by: Your Company 13 Main Street Smithtown, MN 531 www.yourcompany.com INTRODUCTION
More informationObservations on the phonetic realization of opaque schwa in Southern French *
http://dx.doi.org/10.17959/sppm.2015.21.3.457 457 Observations on the phonetic realization of opaque schwa in Southern French * Julien Eychenne (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies) Eychenne, Julien.
More informationDifferent Task Type and the Perception of the English Interdental Fricatives
Different Task Type and the Perception of the English Interdental Fricatives Mara Silvia Reis, Denise Cristina Kluge, Melissa Bettoni-Techio Federal University of Santa Catarina marasreis@hotmail.com,
More informationProof Theory for Syntacticians
Department of Linguistics Ohio State University Syntax 2 (Linguistics 602.02) January 5, 2012 Logics for Linguistics Many different kinds of logic are directly applicable to formalizing theories in syntax
More informationConsonants: articulation and transcription
Phonology 1: Handout January 20, 2005 Consonants: articulation and transcription 1 Orientation phonetics [G. Phonetik]: the study of the physical and physiological aspects of human sound production and
More informationThe Acquisition of English Intonation by Native Greek Speakers
The Acquisition of English Intonation by Native Greek Speakers Evia Kainada and Angelos Lengeris Technological Educational Institute of Patras, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ekainada@teipat.gr,
More informationSER CHANGES~ACCOMMODATIONS PAGES
EAST PARISH SCHOOL BOARD EXCEPTIONAL STUDENT SERVICES DEPARTMENT Excellence in Education! 12732 SILLIMAN STREET. P.O. BOX 397 CLINTON, LOUISIANA 70722 PHONE: (225) 683-8582 FAX: (225) 683-8525 www.efpsb.k12.la.us
More informationThe Good Judgment Project: A large scale test of different methods of combining expert predictions
The Good Judgment Project: A large scale test of different methods of combining expert predictions Lyle Ungar, Barb Mellors, Jon Baron, Phil Tetlock, Jaime Ramos, Sam Swift The University of Pennsylvania
More informationAn Introduction to the Minimalist Program
An Introduction to the Minimalist Program Luke Smith University of Arizona Summer 2016 Some findings of traditional syntax Human languages vary greatly, but digging deeper, they all have distinct commonalities:
More information