LINGUISTICS 105, WINTER 2016 QUIZ 8. Name: KEY Section: Score /2.5:

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1 LINGUISTICS 105, WINTER 2016 QUIZ 8 Name: KEY Section: Score /2.5: In the course reader, starting on page 83, is a Russian cartoon entitled Vas a Sn ežnyj Čelov ek Vasya the Snowman (sort of the Russian counterpart of Sasquatch, I guess). The cartoon is followed by the text with morpheme-by-morpheme glossing and a free translation. On pages is more systematic information about Russian morphology. All the questions on this quiz are about about features of morphology illustrated in the cartoon with references to the cartoon panels where the examples are found. Select answers to the questions by referring to the examples in the cartoon, the information on Russian morphology, and the lecture notes on inflectional and derivational morphology in the course reader. THERE IS ONLY ONE CORRECT ANSWER FOR EACH QUESTION. Here is a table of abbreviations used in the morpheme glossing in the cartoon: A adjective suffix linker links compound parts acc accusative case m masculine gender dat dative case n/neut neuter gender dim diminutive derivation nom nominative case f feminine gender pf perfective aspect gen genitive case pl plural number imp/imper imperative mood pref prefix* inf infinitive verb form pst past tense inst instrumental case refl reflexive ipf imperfective aspect sg singular number *Prefixes on verbs often give a verb PERFECTIVE aspect. QUESTIONS 1. What inflectional FEATURE and VALUE for that feature do the following words share? benzin (II, 1c) gasoline m aso (III, 1a) meat vtoroj (III, 3a) the second one al pinisty (IV, 3b) mountain climbers a. masculine gender b. plural number d. genitive case e. They do not share an inflectional VALUE. 1

2 Linguistics 105, Winter 2016 Quiz What inflectional FEATURE and VALUE for that feature do the following words share? ob eda (I, 2a) dinner ob ed (III, 1a) dinner benzinu (III, 1b) gasoline benzinom (III, 3a) gasoline a. masculine gender d. genitive case b. plural number e. They do not share an inflectional VALUE. 3. What inflectional FEATURE and VALUE for that feature do the following words share? užina (I, 2a) supper Griši (II, 1c) a man s name m asa (III, 1b) meat metrov (IV, 3b) meters a. masculine gender d. genitive case b. plural number e. They do not share an inflectional VALUE. 4. The preposition b ez without comes up in several of the panels. The preposition posl e after is seen in panel IV, 4a. What property relating to inflection do these prepositions have in common? (Recall Relational Features for nouns on page 72.) a. They are similar in meaning, perhaps something like leaving out, leaving behind. b. Some Russian prepositions are just one sound, such as s (III, 3a) with, o (IV, 3b) about, k (not seen in this text) to. The prepositions b ez and posl e form at least one syllable on their own. c. They are used with verbs of particular classes. d. They govern genitive case. e. They are used with nouns that are marked with a special diacritic to select them. 5. What inflectional FEATURE(S) do the following words share? ostan eš s a (I, 2a) you will remain ustanovili (IV, 3b) they have established a. both aspect and tense d. reflexivity b. aspect only e. transitivity c. tense only

3 Linguistics 105, Winter 2016 Quiz What inflectional FEATURE(S) do the following words share? končils a (I, 2a) it is all gone ostan eš s a (I, 2a) you will remain udalos (IV, 3b) it was successful a. both aspect and tense b. tense only c. stativity d. reflexivity e. transitivity 7. In III, 1b we see the following two word forms both translated raw : syroje syrogo What accounts for the difference between these word forms? a. they show agreement with nouns that have different genders b. they show agreement with nouns that have different cases c. they show agreement with nouns that have different numbers d. they belong to different inflectional classes e. they must be marked by diacritics to indicate idiosyncratic behavior 8. The title of the cartoon is Vas a Sn ežnyj Čelov ek Vasya the Snowman. Sn ežnyj is derived from the word sn eg snow. Which of the following is the correct morphological breakdown of the adjective meaning associated with snow? a. sn e-žn-yj b. sn e-žny-j c. sn ež-n-yj d. sn ež-nyj-ø e. sn ežn-yj Aroot-nom.case

4 Linguistics 105, Winter 2016 Quiz In panel III, 1b is the word gornokozl atinu (or, expressed as an English compound, mountain goat-kid meat ). Which of the following diagrams would the correct representation of the structure of this word? (You may want to consult the information on derivation on pages of the course reader.) NOTE: The morpheme glossed Link is found between constituents of compounds. a. N stem Link Case stem A stem N stem Case suff b. Case stem N stem A stem Link N stem Case suff N root A suff N stem N suff N root A suff N root N stem N root N suff c. Case stem N suff N suff N stem A stem Link N stem Case suff N root A suff N stem N suff N root N suff

5 Linguistics 105, Winter 2016 Quiz A major feature of Russian verb morphology is prefixation. There are many examples in the text, and others are given at the bottom of page 89 and near the bottom of page 91. Here are the verbs from question 5 above: o-sta-n -eš -s a (I, 2a) you will remain u-sta-n-ovi-l-i (IV, 3b) they have established Though it is not shown in the text, these verbs are morphologically quite complex. They share the root sta-, seen also in stan stature, stat become, and others. Moreover, they both have prefixes (o- and u- respectively). These prefixes are what put them into PERFECTIVE ASPECT. What problem do prefixes like these raise for the claim that inflection and derivation distinct types of morphology? (You might want to look at the table on page 82.) a. The prefixes constitute double-marking of PERFECTIVE ASPECT because PERFECTIVE is consistently marked by morphemes in addition to prefixes. b. PERFECTIVE ASPECT is considered to be an inflectional category, but addition of prefixes to verb roots seems often to create different lexemes. c. It seems to be necessary for Russian speakers simply to memorize which prefix a verb takes to make it PERFECTIVE, that is, choice of prefix is a lexical feature of each verb. d. Russian seems to show that the feature ASPECT should not be classified as inflectional at all. e. Prefixes often bring about derivation-like meaning changes, but since addition of a prefix cannot be used to change category (say, deriving a verb from a noun), prefixation has to be classified as inflectional.

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