The Phonetics and Phonology of English Pronunciation

Transcription

1 Hartwig Eckert and William Barry The Phonetics and Phonology of English Pronunciation A Coursebook with CD-ROM Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier

2 0. Table of contents I. Is this book for you? 1 II. How to use this book 6 III. Sound Examples 9 m.l. [1], [il [1] and silent <1>: 10 The sounds that make the difference m.2. /ae/ vs. /e/: D'ye ken if ye can? 19 IH.3. A letter is a letter and a sound is a sound 25 HI.4. Phonology: Sound functions 30 IV. Consonants: Sounds you can feel 36 IV!. Example sounds /t/ vs. /d/: 40 Is your tea strong enough? IV.2. Other fortis vs. lenis oppositions 49 IV.2.1. /k/ vs. /g/: Lug, lug, luggage 49 IV.2.2. /p/ vs. /b/: Do you wear a bathrope? 53 IV.2.3. / s/ vs. /z/: Ssserpentsss hisss, but beezzz buzzz 57 IV.2.4. /// vs. / 3 / and /#/ vs. /(%/: 62 Rouge on your ruche or lipstick on your collar! Is that a choice for Joyce? IV.3. Other Consonants 69 IV.3.1. hi, /w/ and /f/: 69 Why wild vines make fine vintage wines IV.3.2. /r/: I'm tewwibly sowwy! or chameleon R 76 IV )1 (yod): Yes, yes, yes! The problem with /]/ 82 IV.3.4. /0/ vs. /5/ (plus /s/ and /z/ revisited): 87 If you love Beth, don't propose to Bess IV.3.5. /h/: 96 The sound /h/ and the problems of not pronouncing it IV.3.6. Nasals: /m/, /n/ and /rj/; nasality and denasality 99 IV.3.7. PI glottal stop: Wiffe a li'le bi of luck 103 V. Vowel sounds 105 V.I. Are vowels important or: CM W d wtht ihm? 106 V.2. Monophthongs: Hold your tongue! 110 V.2.1. [i], [i] and [i:j: Say "Cheese" 112 V.2,2.1 ml: You and your /u:/ 116 is there room for improvement?

3 V.2.3. /u/: Yes I would, if I could 120 V.2.4. la:/: It's a hard path to start on! 123 V.2.5. / D/: Why a Schock is not a shock 126 V.2.6. /D:/: Any port in a storm; all aboard 129 V.2.7. /A/: Huts [hats] have roofs shaped like [A] 132 V :1 as in "bird": /hs:dl 137 V.2.9. /a/: schwa: The centre of the vowel universe 142 V.3. Diphthongs: Taam to chairnge ['ta:m ta 't e:nd3] or 148 uoroez movements! V.3.1. /«/: Mafce a date for eight, eh? 151 V3.2. /so/: Holy smoke! 154 V.3.3. /ai/: An "eye" for an "Li" 157 V.3.4. /au/: How now, brown cow? 162 V.3.5. /DI/: English "cowboy" contra German "Cowboy" 166 V.3.6. /ua/, /ia/ and /ea/: centring diphthongs: 168 Journey to the centre of the vowel space V /ia/: beer and Bier taste and sound different 169 V /ua/: Are you sure? 171 V /ea/: Open-air fur's Wattenmeer? 173 VI. Putting sounds together 176 VI!. Linking: Joinitup! A "binding" principle 177 VI.2. Stress: Stress can cause headaches 188 VI.3. Weak and strong forms: Weak /az/ weak /kan/ be! The fate of function words VIA Assimilation and elision: 223 Can a leopard change its spots? VII. Morphology and morphophonology: 228 The internal make-up of words VII!. The sounds of grammar 230 VII!!. Regular past tense and past participle endings: 230 Have you ever wished you were better informed? VII!.2. Plural, simple pres. tense 3rd pers. sing., and genitive: 233 How to kill three birds with one stone VII.1.3. /rj/ <ng>:why doesn't "finger" rhyme with "singer"? 236 VII.2. Stress and morphology: 239 More stress! contrast "contrast" with "Kontrast" VIII.Foreign words in English 244 IX. Extralirtguistic sounds with meaning: 246 tut-tut, isk, ugh, phew, uhm, arrgh! X. Concluding remarks 250 XI. Additional exercises for advanced students and teachers 252

4 V.2.3. /u/: Yes I would, if I could 120 V.2.4. /a:/: It's a hard path to start on! 123 V.2.5. / D/: Why a Schock is not a shock 126 V.2.6. /D:/: Any port in a storm; all aboard 129 V.2.7. / A/: Huts [hats] have roofs shaped like [A] 132 V.2.8. Is:/ as in "bird": /b 3 :d/ 137 V.2.9. /a/: schwa: Twe centre of the vowel universe 142 V.3. Diphthongs: Taam to chairnge ['ta:m ta %z:r\&-$] or 148 oowez movements! V.3.1. /ei/: Mflfce a date for eight, eh? 151 V'.3.2. /'au/': Holy smoke! 154 V.3.3. /ai/: An "eye" for an "Ei" 157 V sal: How now, brown cow? 162 V.3.5. /DI/: English "cowboy" contra German "Cowboy" 166 V.3.6. /ua/, /ia/ and /ea/: centring diphthongs: 168 Journey to the centre of the vowel space V /ia/: beer and Bier taste and sound different 169 V /ua/: Are you sure? 171 V /ea/: Open-air fur's Wattenmeer? 173 VI. Putting sounds together 176 VI!. Linking: Joinitup! A "binding" principle 177 VI.2. Stress: Stress can cause headaches 188 VI.3. Weak and strong forms: Weak /az/ weak /kan/ be! The fate of function words VI.4. Assimilation and elision: 223 Can a leopard change its spots? VII. Morphology and morphophonology: 228 The internal make-up of words VII!. The sounds of grammar 230 VII!!. Regular past tense and past participle endings: 230 Have you ever wished you were better informed? VII.1.2. Plural, simple pres. tense 3rd pers. sing., and genitive: 233 How to kill three birds with one stone VH.1.3. /rj/ <ng>:why doesn't "finger" rhyme with "singer"? 236 VIL2, Stress and morphology: 239 More stress! contrast "contrast" with "Kontrast" VIII. Foreign words in English 244 IX. Extralinguistic sounds with meaning; 246 tut-tut, tsk, ugh, phew, uhm, arrgh! X. Concluding remarks 250 XL Additional exercises for advanced students and teachers 252

5 XII. Solutions to exercises 255 Further reading 281 Index 282 IPA-chart (International Phonetic Alphabet) 287 Vocal tract (sagittal section) 288 The use of phonetic symbols 289