Bahasa Inggris 3 LANGUAGE AND VOCABULARY RELATED TO FUTURE CAREER

Transcription

1 Modul ke: 6 Eko Fakultas EKONOMI & BISNIS Bahasa Inggris 3 LANGUAGE AND VOCABULARY RELATED TO FUTURE CAREER Putra Boediman Program Studi MANAJEMEN

2 Intonation Many people from different countries have improper intonation because their teacher had improper intonation. In many situations, being monotone is better than having bad intonation. The worst is when someone goes up and down too much on every word. Another thing you should avoid is to end high at the end of a sentence. To correct improper intonation, you need to remember to start high and end low. You cannot do it any other way. I recommend going to the interview section and listening to one of the audio files provided by a native speaker. You will hear proper intonation. After listening to the audio, record yourself and listen to it. Does it sound the same? If not, then find the areas that are dissimilar and make the necessary corrections.

3 This advice is very trivial, but intonation is relatively easy to correct. You can fix your intonation with only a little effort. If you have a friend who is a native English speaker, you can usually fix intonation in a couple of lessons. Recording yourself and listening to yourself might be tedious, but having correct intonation can go a long way. I have had many students who fixed their intonation after 2 small sessions. The advice I gave them was the same as the one above. This will work, and if you want to speak with proper intonation, please follow this advice.

4 Speed of Speaking A common mistake of people who obtain English fluency with improper pronunciation and intonation is the speed in which they speak. Because they do not have perfect pronunciation and intonation, it is difficult to understand people who speak too fast. This is the biggest problem I have seen from people who gain confidence in speaking. In order to improve your communication, and to hear "excuse me" less often, it is important to have the correct speed of speaking. For people with confidence, my advice is to slow down and to speak clearly. Don't blend words together too much and make sure to separate words with a small pause for words that are difficult to pronounce.

5 Study the diagrams below and in the spaces below, state (1) the place(s) of articulation, (2) the manner of articulation of each sound. In addition, give (3) the IPA symbols and (4) descriptions of the possible phone(s) that is depicted in each illustration and (5) an example of an English word beginning with the sound(s) illustrated in each.

6 Diagram: A Place of Articulation: Tip or blade of the tongue & alveolar ridge Manner of Articulation: Plosive IPA Symbol(s): [t] [d] Description: Alveolar plosive Example: tap, dad Diagram: B Place of Articulation: Labials / lips Manner of Articulation: Nasal stop IPA Symbol(s): [m] Description: Bilabial nasal stop Example: man Diagram: C Place of Articulation: Back of the tongue & velum Manner of Articulation: Plosive IPA Symbol(s): [k] [g] Description: Velar plosive Example: kit, gum Diagram: D Place of Articulation: Blade of the tongue & palato-alveolar region Manner of Articulation: Fricative IPA Symbol(s): voiceless palato-alveolar fricativevoiced palato-alveolar fricative Description: Palato-alveolar fricative Example: ship, genre.

7 Diagram: E Place of Articulation: Tip or blade of the tongue & alveolar ridge Manner of Articulation: Fricative IPA Symbol(s): [s] [z] Description: Alveolar fricative Example: sun, zip Diagram: F Place of Articulation: Centre of blade of the tongue & alveolar ridge Manner of Articulation: Lateral approximant IPA Symbol(s): alveolar lateral approximant Description: Alveolar lateral approximant Example: late Diagram: G Place of Articulation: Labials / lips Manner of Articulation: Plosive IPA Symbol(s): [p] [b] Description: Bilabial plosive Example: pin, bin Diagram: H Place of Articulation: Tip of the tongue & the alveolar ridge Manner of Articulation: Nasal stop IPA Symbol(s): [n] Description: alveolar nasal stop Example: not

8 Diagram: I Place of Articulation: Tip of the tongue & upper teeth Manner of Articulation: Fricative IPA Symbol(s): voiceless dental fricative voiced dental fricative Description: Dental fricative Example: theatre, this Diagram: J Place of Articulation: Lower lip & upper teeth Manner of Articulation: Fricative IPA Symbol(s): [f] [v] Description: Labio-dental fricative Example: fit, vet Diagram: K Place of Articulation: Front of the tongue & hard palate Manner of Articulation: approximant IPA Symbol(s): [j] Description: Palatal approximant Example: yet Diagram: L Place of Articulation: Back of the tongue & velum Manner of Articulation: Nasal stop IPA Symbol(s): velar nasal plosive Description: Velar nasal stop Example: sing

9 Diagram: M Place of Articulation: Blade of the tongue & alveolar ridge Manner of Articulation: Approximant IPA Symbol(s): alveolar approximant Description: Alveolar approximant Example: rat Diagram: N Place of Articulation: Centre or blade of the tongue, alveolar ridge & velum Manner of Articulation: velarized lateral approximant IPA Symbol(s): velarized lateral approximant Description: Velarized lateral approximant or Dark l Example: bottle Diagram: O Place of Articulation: Labials / lips, back of the tongue & velum Manner of Articulation: approximant IPA Symbol(s): [w] Description: Labio-velar approximant Example: one 2. Describe the position and action of the articulators during the production of the given phones: a. voiced dental fricative The tip of the tongue is brought into a constriction of close approximation with the upper teeth, vocal cords are vibrating b. [p] A constriction of complete closure is made at the lips, vocal cords are not vibrating c. [g] The back of the tongue forms a constriction of complete closure with the velum, vocal cords are vibrating d. [t] The blade of the tongue forms a constriction of complete closure with the alveolar ridge, vocal cords are not vibrating e. [h] The vocal cords are brought into a constriction of close approximation, vocal cords are not vibrating

10 f. voiceless palato-alveolar fricative The blade of the tongue is brought into a constriction of close approximation with the palato-alveolar region, vocal cords are not vibrating g. [k] The back of the tongue forms a constriction of complete closure with the velum, vocal cords are not vibrating h. voiceless dental fricative The tip of the tongue is brought into a constriction of close approximation with the upper teeth, vocal cords are not vibrating i. [s] The tip or blade of the tongue is brought into a constriction of close approximation with the alveolar ridge, vocal cords are not vibrating j. [b] A constriction of complete closure is made at the lips, vocal cords are vibrating k. [v] Lower lip is brought close to the upper teeth in a constriction of close approximation, vocal cords are vibrating l. [z] The tip or blade of the tongue is brought into a constriction of close approximation with the alveolar ridge, vocal cords are vibrating

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