THEORY OF COMPUTATION
|
|
- Paul Bates
- 10 months ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2
3 THEORY OF COMPUTATION
4
5 THEORY OF COMPUTATION For B.E. (IT, CS), MCA, BSC, BCA, MSC and Other Computer Courses By Dr. Poonam Sinha Head (IT/MCA), BUIT, Barkatullah University Bhopal (MP) Sunita Gond Lecturer, (IT/MCA) Deptt. BUIT, Barkatullah University Bhopal (MP) Apurva Saxena Lecturer, (IT/MCA) Deptt. BUIT, Barkatullah University Bhopal (MP) UNIVERSITY SCIENCE PRESS (An Imprint of Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd.) BANGALORE CHENNAI COCHIN GUWAHATI HYDERABAD JALANDHAR KOLKATA LUCKNOW MUMBAI RANCHI NEW DELHI INDIA USA GHANA KENYA
6 THEORY OF COMPUTATION Copyright by Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd. All rights reserved including those of translation into other languages. In accordance with the Copyright (Amendment) Act, 2012, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise. Any such act or scanning, uploading, and or electronic sharing of any part of this book without the permission of the publisher constitutes unlawful piracy and theft of the copyright holder s intellectual property. If you would like to use material from the book (other than for review purposes), prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers. Printed and bound in India Typeset at Excellent Graphics, Delhi First Edition: 2015 UTC THEORY OF COMPUTATION-SIN ISBN Limits of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representation or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties. The advice, strategies, and activities contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. In performing activities adult supervision must be sought. Likewise, common sense and care are essential to the conduct of any and all activities, whether described in this book or otherwise. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable or assumes any responsibility for any injuries or damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Website if referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers must be aware that the Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. All trademarks, logos or any other mark such as Vibgyor, USP, Amanda, Golden Bells, Firewall Media, Mercury, Trinity, Laxmi appearing in this work are trademarks and intellectual property owned by or licensed to Laxmi Publications, its subsidiaries or affiliates. Notwithstanding this disclaimer, all other names and marks mentioned in this work are the trade names, trademarks or service marks of their respective owners. Published in India by & Bangalore & Chennai , & Cochin , & Guwahati , & Hyderabad , & Jalandhar & Kolkata & Lucknow & Mumbai , & Ranchi , GOLDEN HOUSE, DARYAGANJ, NEW DELHI , INDIA Telephone : , Fax : , C Printed at: Branches
7 Dedicated to All Beloved Readers, Friends and Family Members
8
9 CONTENT ONTENTS Preface Acknowledgements Syllabuses of Various Universities vii viii ix 1. Introduction of Automata Theory Formal Language Mathematics Preliminaries Relations and Functions Graphs Trees Alphabet Strings Principle of Induction Propositional Logic (Zero Order Logic) Predicate Logic (First Order Logic) Automata Automata and Definition Description Finite Automata/Finite State Machine (FSM) Equivalence of DFA and NFA Finite Automata with Null String or NFA with ε Moves to NFA without ε Minimisation of Finite State Machine or My-Hill-Nerode Algorithm FSM with Output Regular Expression Regular Grammar Pumping Lemma for Regular Grammar Formal Language Definition and Description Phase Structured Grammar or Chomsky Classification of Languages/ Chomsky Hierarchy Properties of Families of Languages ( vii )
10 ( viii ) 4. Regular Expression Finite Automata Equivalence of Finite Automata and Regular Expression Equivalence of Two-Way Finite Automata Context Free Grammar Grammar and Context Free Language Derivation Tree (Parse Tree) Unrestricted Grammar Ambiguous Context Free Language Simplification of Context Free Grammars Normal Form of CFG Pushdown Automata Pushdown Automata Nondeterministic Pushdown Automata Pushdown Automata and Context Free Grammar Two-way Pushdown Automaton Parsing Pumping Lemma for CFG Context Free Language Pumping Lemma for CFL (Context Free Language) Turing Machine Introduction Model of Turing Machine Languages Accepted by Turing Machine Universal Turing Machine Determinism in Turing Machine Non-determinism in Turing Machine Types of Turing Machine Introduction Halting Problem of Turing Machine Post Correspondence Problem... 68
11 ( ix ) 9. Computability Introduction to Complexity Theory Introduction to Undecidability Recursively Enumerable Sets Context Sensitive Language Context Sensitive Language Primitive Recursive Functions Linear Bounded Automata Types of Grammar and its Hierarchy Appendix Solved Examples Important University Solved Problems Objective Type Questions Question Papers Index
12
13 PREF REFACE We are highly delighted to place the book title Theory of Computation in the hands of one esteemed readers. This book has been written for B.E. (IT & CS), MCA, BSc, BCA, MSc and other computer programmes students keeping in view the following special points : Conceptual clarity and practical orientation. To learn the basic concept used in the design and analysis of Theory of Computation. Introduces the principles of Theory of Computation. Provides various methods and techniques suitable for a variety of applications. Covers all aspects of automata. Covers abundance of examples and their solutions. We have put our sincere efforts and knowledge to make you understand the subject matter in simplest and easiest way. Valuable suggestions are always welcome. We have considered the syllabus of Barkatullah University, RGPV, Delhi University and Devi Ahilya University and tried to simplify language of other books. Authors ( xi )
14 ACKNO CKNOWLEDGEMENT WLEDGEMENTS We take this opportunity to expresses our gratitude and thanks to the collegues for their valuable technical suggestions and constant encouragement, without which this book would not come into existence. We are grateful to our family members for inspiring us for this project. We deeply express our heartful thanks to the publishers for publishing this book in such a beautiful get-up and well in time. Authors ( xii )
15 SYLLABUSES OF VARIOUS UNIVERSITIES BARKATULLAH UNIVERSITY (Theory of Computation) Unit I Introduction to Theory of Computation and Finite Automata. Mathematical Preliminaries and Notation : Sets, functions and relations, Graphs and Trees, Proof Techniques, Basic concepts, Languages, Grammars, automatas, deterministic finite accepters, Deterministic accepters and Transition Graphs, Languages, Non deterministic finite accepters, definition of a NDFA, Equivalence of DFA and NDFA, Reduction of the Number of states in finite automata. Unit II Grammars and Languages. Regular expression, Regular Grammar, Regular languages, closure properties of Regular languages, Context free grammars, Simplification of Context free grammars and Normal forms, Properties of context free languages. Unit III Pushdown Automata. Non deterministic pushdown automata : Definition of a pushdown automata, The language accepted by a pushdown automata, Pushdown automata and context free languages, Pushdown automata for context free languages, CFG s for PDA, Deterministic Pushdown automata and Deterministic Context free languages, Grammars and Deterministic context free languages. Unit IV Turing Machines. The Standard Turing Machine : Definition of a Turing Machine, Turing Machines as language accepters, and Turing Machines as Transducers. Combining Turing Machines for complicated tasks, Turing thesis, other models of Turing Machines. Unit V Computability. Limits of algorithmic computation, Some Problems that can not be solved by Turing Machines, Computability and Decidability, the Turing Machine Halting Problem, Reducing one Undecidable Problem to another, Undecidable Problems for Recursively Enumerable languages, The post correspondence problem: Indecidable problems for context free languages, Recursive function, Primitives recursive functions, Ackermanris functions, recursive functions, Post Systems : Rewriting systems : Matrix grammars, Markov Algorithms. ( xiii )
16 Theory Of Computation 40% OFF Publisher : Laxmi Publications ISBN : Author : Poonam Sinha Type the URL : Get this ebook
1. Mathematical Preliminaries 1
Preface List of Important Symbols and Notations vii xix 1. Mathematical Preliminaries 1 Chapter Objective 1 Introduction 1 1.1 SET Theory 2 1.2 Alphabets 7 1.3 Strings and Languages 7 1.4 Relations 9 1.5
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT By Mr. G. Murugesan Asst. Professor Deptt. of Management Studies V.M.K.V. Engineering College Salem Tamil Nadu UNIVERSITY SCIENCE PRESS (An Imprint of
THEORY OF FORMAL LANGUAGES WITH APPLICATIONS
Theory of Formal Languages with Applications Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com THEORY OF FORMAL LANGUAGES WITH APPLICATIONS Theory of Formal Languages with Applications Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com
DECIDABILITY AND UNDECIDABILITY
CISC462, Fall 2017, Decidability and undecidability 1 DECIDABILITY AND UNDECIDABILITY Decidable problems from language theory For simple machine models, such as finite automata or pushdown automata, many
PRINCIPLES OF SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING
PRINCIPLES OF SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING Kenneth R. Baker Tuck School of Business Dartmouth College Hanover, New Hampshire Dan Trietsch College of Engineering American University of Armenia Yerevan, Armenia
CS314: FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY L. NADA ALZABEN. Chapter 2: Context Free Grammar
CS314: FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY L. NADA ALZABEN Chapter 2: Context Free Grammar Quick Note 2 Cs314pnu.wordpress.com 3 2.1 Context Free Grammar (CFG) Useful in App s that use recursion feature
Context Free Grammars
Context Free Grammars UNIT III By Prof.T.H.Gurav Smt.Kashibai Navale COE, Pune Context-Free Grammar Definition. A context-free grammar is a 4-tuple : G = (V, T, P, S) OR G = (V, Σ, P, S) V = Non-terminal(variables)
UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS INFR08008 INFORMATICS 2A: PROCESSING FORMAL AND NATURAL LANGUAGES
UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS INFR08008 INFORMATICS 2A: PROCESSING FORMAL AND NATURAL LANGUAGES Monday 9 th December 2013 09:30 to 11:30 INSTRUCTIONS
Applied Research Methods in Public and Nonprofit Organizations
Applied Research Methods in Public and Nonprofit Organizations Join Us at Josseybass.como Register at www.josseybass.com/email for more information on our publications, authors, and to receive special
HANDBOOK OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
HANDBOOK OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT HANDBOOK OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Fifth Edition Gary Groth-Marnat John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright 2009 by John Wiley
GRE. Quick Prep Edition
GRE Quick Prep Edition GRE Quick Prep Edition by Ron Woldoff, MBA, MIS Founder, National Test Prep with Joe Kraynak GRE For Dummies, Quick Prep Edition Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street
Further discussion of context-free languages
Lecture 11 Further discussion of context-free languages This is the last lecture of the course that is devoted to context-free languages. As for regular languages, however, we will refer to context-free
CS402- Theory of Automata Solved Subjective From Final term Papers. FINALTERM EXAMINATION Spring 2012 CS402- Theory of Automata
Solved Subjective From Final term Papers Feb 14,2013 MC100401285 Moaaz.pk@gmail.com Mc100401285@gmail.com PSMD01 Spring 2012 What is the concept of the Union of FA's? Answer:- (Page 32) FA3 be an FA corresponding
RESEARCH METHODS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
RESEARCH METHODS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE RESEARCH METHODS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE EHTIRAM RAZA KHAN Sr. Lecturer Dept. of Computer Science Jamia Hamdard University New Delhi By HUMA ANWAR Assistant Director IPM
Context-Free Grammars and Languages. Context-Free Grammars and Languages p.1/40
Context-Free Grammars and Languages Context-Free Grammars and Languages p.1/40 Limitations of finite automata There are languages, such as be described (specified) by NFAs or REs that cannot Context-Free
CS502: Compilers & Programming Systems
CS502: Compilers & Programming Systems Context Free Grammars Zhiyuan Li Department of Computer Science Purdue University, USA Course Outline Languages which can be represented by regular expressions are
A R "! I,,, !~ii ii! A ow ' r.-ii ' i ' JA' V5, 9. MiN, ;
A R "! I,,, r.-ii ' i '!~ii ii! A ow ' I % i o,... V. 4..... JA' i,.. Al V5, 9 MiN, ; Logic and Language Models for Computer Science Logic and Language Models for Computer Science HENRY HAMBURGER George
ETHICS AND LAW FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS
ETHICS AND LAW FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS Fifth Edition Susan Jacob Timothy S. Hartshorne John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ETHICS AND LAW FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS ETHICS AND LAW FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS Fifth Edition
Auditing Leadership The Professional and Leadership Skills You Need. Brian D. Kush
Auditing Leadership The Professional and Leadership Skills You Need Brian D. Kush Auditing Leadership Auditing Leadership The Professional and Leadership Skills You Need BRIAN D. KUSH John Wiley & Sons,
Ambiguous grammar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ambiguous grammar From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In computer science, an ambiguous grammar is a context-free grammar for which there exists a string that can have more than one leftmost derivation,
Context-sensitive languages
Informatics 2A: Lecture 28 Alex Simpson School of Informatics University of Edinburgh als@inf.ed.ac.uk 22 November, 2012 1 / 19 1 Showing a language isn t context-free 2 3 4 2 / 19 Non-context-free languages
Two hours UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE. Date: Thursday 23rd May 2013 Time: 09:45-11:45
Two hours UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE Fundamentals of Computation Date: Thursday 23rd May 2013 Time: 09:45-11:45 Please answer any THREE Questions from the FOUR Questions provided.
An Interactive Approach to Formal Languages and Automata with JFLAP
An Interactive Approach to Formal Languages and Automata with JFLAP NSF Grant DUE CCLI-EMD 0442513 Susan H. Rodger Duke University rodger@cs.duke.edu SIGCSE 2011 AlgoViz Workshop March 9, 2011 Formal Languages
G52LAC Languages and Computation Lecture 1
G52LAC Languages and Computation Lecture 1 Administrative Details and Introduction Venanzio Capretta and Henrik Nilsson University of Nottingham G52LACLanguages and ComputationLecture 1 p.1/35 Finding
B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY (Examination at the end of Third Year) COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT. Paper - I : Operating Systems
(DCS / DIT 311) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY - 2015 (Examination at the end of Third Year) COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT Paper - I : Operating Systems Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 75 Answer question No.1
What makes a language a language rather than an arbitrary sequence of symbols is its grammar.
Grammars and machines What makes a language a language rather than an arbitrary sequence of symbols is its grammar. A grammar specifies the order in which the symbols of a language may be combined to make
CSCI 1010 Models of Computa3on. Lecture 16 The Chomsky Language Hierarchy
CSCI 1010 Models of Computa3on Lecture 16 The Chomsky Language Hierarchy Overview Defini3ons of phrase structure, context-free and regular languages Proof showing that languages defined by regular grammars
TC - Theory of Computation
Coordinating unit: 270 - FIB - Barcelona School of Informatics Teaching unit: 723 - CS - Department of Computer Science Academic year: Degree: 2017 BACHELOR'S DEGREE IN INFORMATICS ENGINEERING (Syllabus
CMPT-825 Natural Language Processing
CMPT-825 Natural Language Processing Anoop Sarkar http://www.cs.sfu.ca/ anoop 1 Natural Language and Complexity Formal language theory in computer science is a way to quantify computation From regular
3 - Month Study Planner PES-System Patent Bar Review. Patent Education Series TM Copyright INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES ENTERPRISES, INC
3 - Month Study Planner PES-System Patent Bar Review Patent Education Series TM Copyright 2014-2016 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES ENTERPRISES, INC Copyright 2014-2016 by Intellectual Properties Enterprises,
Facilitation Skills Inventory (FSI)
Facilitation Skills Inventory (FSI) Frequently Asked Questions Ingrid Bens, M.Ed. Copyright 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Published by Pfeiffer An Imprint of Wiley 989 Market Street,
Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement Learning With Open AI, TensorFlow and Keras Using Python Abhishek Nandy Manisha Biswas Reinforcement Learning Abhishek Nandy Manisha Biswas Kolkata, West Bengal, India North 24 Parganas,
superseries FIFTH EDITION
Prelims-I046435.qxd 3/16/07 2:59 PM Page i Institute of Leadership & Management superseries Influencing Others at Work FIFTH EDITION Published for the Institute of Leadership & Management AMSTERDAM BOSTON
Adaptive Intelligent Tutoring System for Learning Computer Theory
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. IV, Issue 10/ January 2017 ISSN 2286-4822 www.euacademic.org Impact Factor: 3.4546 (UIF) DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) Adaptive Intelligent Tutoring System for Learning Computer
Where did these models come from? Menu. Lecture 8: Context-Free Languages. Modeling Human Intellect. Nondeterministic Machine Models
Menu Lecture 8: Context-Free Languages Review Machine Models of Computing Linguistic Model of Computing Challenge Problem Near-Solution - Liuyi (Eric) Zhang Context-Free Grammars cs302: Theory of Computation
IIT JEE PHYSICS. ( : 39 Years) Topic-wise Complete Solutions. Volume II Heat, Electromagnetism and Modern Physics
IIT JEE PHYSICS (1978 2016: 39 Years) Topic-wise Complete Solutions Volume II Heat, Electromagnetism and Modern Physics Jitender Singh Shraddhesh Chaturvedi PsiPhiETC 2016 ii Copyright c 2016 by Authors
Context-Free Grammars and Languages
September 23, 2014 Limitations of finite automata Limitations of finite automata There are languages, such as {0 n 1 n n 0} that cannot be described (specified) by finite automata or regular expressions
The Calculus of Computation
The Calculus of Computation Aaron R. Bradley Zohar Manna The Calculus of Computation Decision Procedures with Applications to Verification With 60 Figures 123 Authors Aaron R. Bradley Zohar Manna Gates
PeopleSoft Services Forecasting 8.8 Reports
PeopleSoft Services Forecasting 8.8 Reports December 2003 PeopleSoft Services Forecasting 8.8 Reports SKU FSCM88SFM-R 1203 Copyright 1992-2003 PeopleSoft, Inc. All rights reserved. All material contained
Excel Formulas & Functions
Microsoft Excel Formulas & Functions 4th Edition Microsoft Excel Formulas & Functions 4th Edition by Ken Bluttman Microsoft Excel Formulas & Functions For Dummies, 4th Edition Published by: John Wiley
Numerical Computation
An Introduction to Numerical Computation Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com An Introduction to Numerical Computation An Introduction to Numerical Computation Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com
G53CMP: Recap of Basic Formal Language Notions
G53CMP: Recap of Basic Formal Language Notions Henrik Nilsson University of Nottingham, UK G53CMP: Recap of Basic Formal Language Notions p.1/52 About These Slides The following slides give a brief recap
UNITEXT - La Matematica per il 3+2
UNITEXT - La Matematica per il 3+2 Volume 101 Editor-in-chief A. Quarteroni Series editors L. Ambrosio P. Biscari C. Ciliberto M. Ledoux W.J. Runggaldier More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5418
Java Design Patterns. A Tour of 23 Gang of Four Design Patterns in Java. Vaskaran Sarcar
Java Design Patterns A Tour of 23 Gang of Four Design Patterns in Java Vaskaran Sarcar Java Design Patterns: A tour of 23 gang of four design patterns in Java Copyright 2016 by Vaskaran Sarcar This work
CSE303 Introduction to the Theory of Computation Spring 2015 Professor Anita Wasilewska cse303/
CSE303 Introduction to the Theory of Computation Spring 2015 Professor Anita Wasilewska http://www.cs.stonybrook.edu/ cse303/ Time: Tuesday, Thursday 4:00-5:20pm, Place : LIBRARY W4550 Professor Anita
Context-Free Grammar (CFG)
Context-Free Grammar (CFG) Dr. Nadeem Akhtar Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science & IT The Islamia University of Bahawalpur PhD Formal methods in Software engineering IRISA University of
Context Free Grammars and Languages
Chapter Nine Context Free Grammars and Languages 9.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter introduces the Context-Free Grammars (CFG) and the corresponding languages called Context-Free Languages (CFL). The context
National 5 Mathematics Assessment Practice Topic 8: Surds and indices
SCHOLAR Study Guide National 5 Mathematics Assessment Practice Topic 8: Surds and indices Authored by: Margaret Ferguson Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom. First published 2014
Classical Mathematical Logic
Classical Mathematical Logic The Semantic Foundations of Logic Richard L. Epstein with contributions by Leslaw W. Szczerba Princeton University Press Princeton and Oxford Contents Preface Acknowledgments
CITS2211 Discrete Structures Lectures for Semester Non-Regular Languages
CITS2211 Discrete Structures Lectures for Semester 2 2017 Non-Regular Languages October 30, 2017 Highlights We have seen that FSMs are surprisingly powerful But we also saw some languages FSMs can not
How to Write a Better Thesis
How to Write a Better Thesis David Evans Paul Gruba Justin Zobel How to Write a Better Thesis 1 3 David Evans University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia Paul Gruba School of Languages and Linguistics
AUTOMATA AND GRAMMARS. (Linguistic machinery)
1 AUTOMATA AND GRAMMARS (Linguistic machinery) 2 3 From the inbox We are looking for enthusiastic and ambitious people to join our Semantics team in Munich! We won the title of the best FinTech startup
The Use of Context-free Grammars in Isolated Word Recognition
Edith Cowan University Research Online ECU Publications Pre. 2011 2007 The Use of Context-free Grammars in Isolated Word Recognition Chaiyaporn Chirathamjaree Edith Cowan University 10.1109/TENCON.2004.1414551
Context-free Grammars
Context-free Grammars Natural & Programming Languages Laureats Visit July 19, 2013 1/22 Example of a Programming Language: Go designed by Google (2012) documentation : specifies the syntax uses a context-free
Quick Grammar Type Recognition: Concepts and Techniques
Quick Grammar Type Recognition: Concepts and Techniques Amin Milani Fard +, Arash Deldari *, and Hossein Deldari + + Department of Computer Engineering, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran * Department
Language properties and Grammar of Parallel and Series Parallel Languages
arxiv:1711.01799v1 [cs.fl] 6 Nov 2017 Language properties and Grammar of Parallel and Series Parallel Languages Mohana.N 1, Kalyani Desikan 2 and V.Rajkumar Dare 3 1 Division of Mathematics, School of
CSCI 311 : Algorithms and Data Structures
CSCI 311 : Algorithms and Data Structures Fall 2017 Department of Computer Science & Engineering Bucknell University I. Instructor Fahmida Hamid Visiting Assistant Professor Office: D313 Phone: 570-577
Economic and Financial Knowledge-Based Processing
Louis F. Pau. Claudio Gianotti Economic and Financial Knowledge-Based Processing With 67 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Research Professor Louis
Edison on Innovation. 102 Lessons in Creativity for Business and Beyond. Alan Axelrod
Edison on Innovation 102 Lessons in Creativity for Business and Beyond Alan Axelrod Edison on Innovation Edison on Innovation 102 Lessons in Creativity for Business and Beyond Alan Axelrod Copyright
MMOG Subscription Business Models: Table of Contents
DFC Intelligence DFC Intelligence Phone 858-780-9680 9320 Carmel Mountain Rd Fax 858-780-9671 Suite C www.dfcint.com San Diego, CA 92129 MMOG Subscription Business Models: Table of Contents November 2007
Context Free Grammar (CFG) Analysis for simple Kannada sentences
32 Context Free Grammar (CFG) Analysis for simple Kannada sentences B M Sagar Asst Prof, Information Science, RVCE Bangalore, India sagar.bm@gmail.com Abstract When Computational Linguistic is concerns
ISO/IEC TR TECHNICAL REPORT
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 29163-3 First edition 2009-12-15 Information technology Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM ) 2004 3rd Edition Part 3: Run-Time Environment Version 1.1 Technologies
THE ECONOMICS OF BANKING
THE ECONOMICS OF BANKING THE ECONOMICS OF BANKING KENT MATTHEWS and JOHN THOMPSON Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone:
COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY OF LEFT-ASSOCIATIVE GRAMMAR
COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY OF LEFT-ASSOCIATIVE GRAMMAR ROLAND HAUSSER Institut für Deutsche Philologie Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München München, West Germany 1. CHOICE OF A PRIMITIVE OPERATION The
Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan
Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan Intel* Teach Program MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING This Memorandum of Understanding ("MoU") is made on ^...20. Technology... c"7 between Intel India Private Limited, a company
Deep Thinking. What Mathematics Can Teach Us About the Mind
Deep Thinking What Mathematics Can Teach Us About the Mind This page intentionally left blank Deep Thinking What Mathematics Can Teach Us About the Mind William Byers Concordia University, Canada World
Informatics 2A: Language Complexity and the. Inf2A: Chomsky Hierarchy
Informatics 2A: Language Complexity and the Chomsky Hierarchy September 28, 2010 Starter 1 Is there a finite state machine that recognises all those strings s from the alphabet {a, b} where the difference
Welcome to CS 373. Theory of Computation. Spring 2010
Welcome to CS 373 Theory of Computation Spring 2010 Madhusudan Parthasarathy ( Madhu ) madhu@cs.uiuc.edu What is computable? Examples: check if a number n is prime compute the product of two numbers sort
Discrete Structures. Collection edited by: The Duy Bui Content authors: Duy Bui. Online: <http://cnx.org/content/col10768/1.1>
Discrete Structures Collection edited by: The Duy Bui Content authors: Duy Bui Online: This selection and arrangement of content as a collection is copyrighted by
Advances in Fuzzy Systems - Applications and Theory - Vol. 23
Advances in Fuzzy Systems - Applications and Theory - Vol. 23 Fuzzy Logic for Business, Finance, and Management Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com Fuzzy Logic for Business, Finance, and Management
EDUCATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS SURVEY
Komachin MS 5/8/2015 Sample Size: N= 67 EDUCATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS SURVEY Parent edition V3 This report contains the 9 Characteristics view of parent perceptions. EES Parent V3.0 2003-2014 Center for Educational
Guide to Teaching Computer Science
Guide to Teaching Computer Science Orit Hazzan Tami Lapidot Noa Ragonis Guide to Teaching Computer Science An Activity-Based Approach Dr. Orit Hazzan Associate Professor Technion - Israel Institute of
Syntax Analysis Context Free Grammar
Syntax Analysis Context Free Grammar CMPSC 470 Lecture 05 Topics: Overview of Parser Context-Free Grammar (CFG) Eliminate ambiguity in CFG A. Overview of Parser Source Program Lexical Analyzer token get
Context-Free Grammars
Context-Free Grammars Notes on Automata and Theory of Computation Chia-Ping Chen Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan ROC Context-Free Grammars
THE MODAL BOOK. Introduction
THE MODAL BOOK i Modal Chart: One-Word Modals ii One-Word Modals Meaning (Unit Number, Page Number) Can Ability (Unit 1, Page 1) Permission question (Unit 5, Page 34) Request question (Unit 6, Page 44)
jfast: A Java Finite Automata Simulator
jfast: A Java Finite Automata Simulator Timothy M. White and Thomas P. Way Applied Computing Technology Laboratory Department of Computing Sciences Villanova University Villanova, PA 19085 timothy.m.white@villanova.edu
INFORMATION SYSTEMS CONTROL AND AUDIT
PRACTICE MANUAL Final Course PAPER : 6 INFORMATION SYSTEMS CONTROL AND AUDIT VOLUME-II BOARD OF STUDIES THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF INDIA This practice manual has been prepared by the faculty
ADVANCED MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
FINAL COURSE STUDY MATERIAL PAPER 5 ADVANCED MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING MODULE 3 BOARD OF STUDIES THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF INDIA This Study Material has been prepared by the faculty of the
ETHICS AND LAW FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS
ETHICS AND LAW FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS Fourth Edition Susan Jacob Timothy S. Hartshorne John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ETHICS AND LAW FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS ETHICS AND LAW FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS Fourth
Formal Language Theory
Formal Language Theory Gerhard Jäger University of Tübingen Workshop Artificial Grammar Learning and Formal Language Theory Nijmegen, November 23, 2010 Gerhard Jäger (University of Tübingen) Formal Language
MRCOG Part SBAs and MCQs
MRCOG Part 1 550 SBAs and MCQs MRCOG Part 1 550 SBAs and MCQs Katherine Andersen MBBS BSc (Hons) Specialist Trainee in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
Context Free Grammar
Context Free Grammar CS 585, Fall 2017 Introduction to Natural Language Processing http://people.cs.umass.edu/~brenocon/inlp2017 Brendan O Connor College of Information and Computer Sciences University
CSCI-GA Compiler Construction Lecture 6: Syntax Analysis. Mohamed Zahran (aka Z)
CSCI-GA.2130-001 Compiler Construction Lecture 6: Syntax Analysis Mohamed Zahran (aka Z) mzahran@cs.nyu.edu Context-Free Grammars Precise syntactic specifications of a programming language For some classes,
FORMAL METHODS II: FORMAL LANGUAGES. September 20, 2013 Rolf Pfeifer Rudolf M. Füchslin
FORMAL METHODS II: FORMAL LANGUAGES September 20, 2013 Rolf Pfeifer Rudolf M. Füchslin Grammars and Languages Languages Natural Languages Natural language + High expressiveness + No extra learning - Ambiguity
Outline. Statistical Natural Language Processing. Symbolic NLP Insufficient. Statistical NLP. Statistical Language Models
Outline Statistical Natural Language Processing July 8, 26 CS 486/686 University of Waterloo Introduction to Statistical NLP Statistical Language Models Information Retrieval Evaluation Metrics Other Applications
q 3 Menu cs3102: Theory of Computation Class 7: Context-Free Languages DPDA Recap: DFA/ε + Stack Adding Nondeterminism q 0 a, ε +
cs3102: Theory of Computation Class 7: Context-Free Menu Nondeterministic PDAs Reviewing Machine Models of Computing Linguistic Models of Computing Spring 2010 University of Virginia David Evans DPDA Recap:
THR95. SAP SuccessFactors Career Development Planning Academy COURSE OUTLINE. Course Version: 71 Course Duration: 5 Day(s)
THR95 SAP SuccessFactors Career Development Planning Academy. COURSE OUTLINE Course Version: 71 Course Duration: 5 Day(s) SAP Copyrights and Trademarks 2017 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights
Balancing the Common Core Curriculum in Middle School Education
Balancing the Common Core Curriculum in Middle School Education James H. Bunn Balancing the Common Core Curriculum in Middle School Education Composing Archimedes Lever, the Equation, and the Sentence
A context-free grammar (CFG) is a 4-tuple
Syntax analysis Context-free grammars Previously we used context-free grammars for specifying an input language, and for predictive parsing Now we consider this topic systematically, in much greater detail
Ambiguity Detection Algorithm for Context free Grammar
IJCST o l. 4, Is s u e 2, Ap r i l - Ju n e 2013 ISSN : 0976-8491 (Online ISSN : 2229-4333 (Print Ambiguity Detection Algorithm for Context free Grammar 1 Saurabh Kumar Jain, 2 Ajay Kumar 1,2 Dept. of
English for Academic Research
English for Academic Research More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13913 Adrian Wallwork English for Academic Research: Writing Exercises Adrian Wallwork Via Carducci 9
PRAXIS Interactive Practice Test Order Form
PRAXIS Interactive Practice Test Order Form Payment information must accompany this form when ordering For credit card orders, please call Praxis Order Services at 1-800-537-3161. A 20% discount for institutions
PRINCIPLES OF SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING
PRINCIPLES OF SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING Kenneth R. Baker Tuck School of Business Dartmouth College Hanover, New Hampshire Dan Trietsch College of Engineering American University of Armenia Yerevan, Armenia
Physics 102 Laboratory Manual Spring 2018
Physics 102 Laboratory Manual Spring 2018 Physics Department William and Mary http://physics.wm.edu/ labs/ Laboratory Manual: General Physics 102 Copyright c 2018 The College of William and Mary All rights
Lecture 9: More on Grammars
Lecture 9: More on Grammars Dr Kieran T. Herley Department of Computer Science University College Cork 2016/17 KH (11/10/16) Lecture 9: More on Grammars 2016/17 1 / 1 Expressive Power of CFGs Not every
Learning to count without a counter: A case study of dynamics and activation landscapes in recurrent networks
Wiles, J., & Elman, J. (1995). Learning to count without a counter: A case study of dynamics and activation landscapes in recurrent networks. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Conference of the
MATHEMATICAL THINKING
MATHEMATICAL THINKING How to Develop it in the Classroom Monographs on Lesson Study for Teaching Mathematics and Sciences Series Editors: Kaye Stacey (University of Melbourne, Australia) David Tall (University
Welcome to. About ETS. Official GRE Verbal Reasoning Practice Questions, Volume 1
Welcome to Official GRE Verbal Reasoning Practice Questions, Volume 1 The book you are holding offers 150 real GRE practice questions directly from the maker of the GRE revised General Test. This book
Conceptual Mathematics, 2nd Edition
Conceptual Mathematics, 2nd Edition In the last 60 years, the use of the notion of category has led to a remarkable unification and simplification of mathematics. Conceptual Mathematics introduces this
D/D M/M Year. Class : VIII IX X X appeared (going to XI) XII XII appeared / pass. School affiliated to : CBSE ICSE Others (Please Specify)
REGISTRATION FORM Registration No. : (For official use only) Registration Centre : (For official use only) Test Date : Preference of Test Centre : Please Affix Your Recent Passport Size Colour Photograph