English morphology and word-formation

Transcription

1 English morphology and word-formation An introduction 2nd, revised and translated edition Hans-Jörg Schmid ERICH SCHMIDT VERLAG

2 Preface... 5 Introduction Morphology and word-formation Objectives and target groups Theoretical framework: broadening the perspectives Structural perspective Sociopragmatic perspective Cognitive perspective The corpus Overview of the structure of this book The morphological building blocks of English Ambiguity of the notion of word Word - word-form - lexeme Typical, less typical and atypical words The basic morphological units Morpheme and morph The distributional classification of morphemes The functional classification of morphemes Corpus study I: overview of morpheme classes and their frequencies in texts From prototypical morphemes to submorphemic units Morphemes and allomorphs Summary: overview of morphological building blocks Morphological segmentation and classification: sampie analysis

3 3 Inflectional morphology The inflectional morphology and allomorphy of present-day English Overview of inflectional morphemes The formal realization of morphemes: phonological and morphological conditioning of allomorphs The history of English inflectional morphology The richness of forms in Old English Inflectional decline in late Old English and Middle English Summary The origin, development and establishment of complex lexemes New words: possibilities for extending lexical resourees Three perspectives on the establishment of complex lexemes The development towards establishment Creation Consolidation Establishment Summary Fundamental issues in English word-formation Overview of English word-formation patterns Morphemic word-formation patterns Non-morphemic word-formation patterns Different approaches to the c1assification of English word-formation patterns The 'traditional' approach The syntagma approach Tournier (1985) and (1988) Onomasiological approaches Cognitive approaches Summary Questions and methods in word-formation analysis Structural perspective The sociopragmatic perspective The cognitive perspective Summary

4 6 Productivity... III 6.1 The productivity of word-fonnation patterns and elements... III 6.2 Potential lexemes and restrictions on productivity Pragmatic and cognitive restrictions on productivity General structural restrictions on productivity Pattern-specific restrictions on productivity Summary and sociopragmatic outlook Compounding The morphological and semantic structures of compounds Typical compounds Deviating semantic structure: exocentric and copulative compounds Special morphological structures: genitive compounds, particle compounds and neo-classical compounds Borderline phenomena and demarcation problems Demarcation from syntactic groups and phraseologisms The transition to other word-fonnation patterns: synthetic compounds and verbal compounds Corpus study 1I: compounds Structural perspective Sociopragmatic perspective The cognitive functions of compounds Summary Prefixation Typical prefixations, variations and transition phenomena Typical prefixations S ynthetic prefixations and pseudo-prefixations Class-changing prefixes Prefixes and related elements Corpus study III: overview of prefixation patterns Negative, reversative and privative prefixes Locati ve prefixes Temporal prefixes Prefixes denoting degree Number prefixes

5 8.2.6 Prefixes denoting attitude Summary Cognitive functions of prefixation Suffixation...,..., Typical suffixations and transition al phenomena Typical suffixations Stem allomorphy and morphophonological variation Derivational correlation and suffixations with bound roots Suffixes and related elements Corpus study IV: overview of types and models of suffixation Noun-forming suffixes: reification Adjective-forming suffixes: modalizing and relationizing Verb-forming suffixes: dynamizing Adverb-forming suffixes Quantitative summary Structural perspective: distribution of corpus data according to word class The sociopragmatic perspective: distribution of corpus data according to register Cognitive functions of suffixation Conversion The linguistic phenomenon The synchronic view The diachronic view Theoretical approaches Grammatical indeterminacy and complex word classes Functional transposition and conversion Zero-derivation Metonymy Determining the direction of derivation Considerations on conversion from a cognitive perspective

6 11 Polymorphemic complex lexemes I 11.1 Polymorphemic affixations Corpus study V: polymorphemic compounds Summary Non-morphemic word-formation processes Back-formation Corpus study VI: c1ipping Corpus study VII: acronyms Blending Reduplication Summary: borderline cases and problems of c1assification Summary and conclusion References Subject and author index Index of prefixes, suffixes and combining forms