Singular and Plural Nouns

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4 Lesson Singular and Plural Nouns 1. Grammar Introduction A. Common and Proper Nouns Common Noun boy city amusement park book Nouns are names for people, animals, places and things. Most nouns are common nouns. Proper Noun John Paris Disneyland Charlotte's Web Proper nouns are specific names. They always begin with capital letters. Circle the proper noun, check the common noun and write. Common Noun Proper Noun 1 Harry is a boy.... boy... Harry 2 Tokyo is a city Charlotte's Web is a book Harvard is a school The Nile is a river B. Singular and Plural Nouns ~s ~es ~ies Irregular Singular Plural Singular means one. Plural means two or more. cat horse box bus bench dish baby country child foot cats horses boxes buses benches dishes babies countries children feet To make most nouns plural, add -s to the singular form. End of noun: -ch, -sh, -s, -x Plural form: add -es End of noun: consonant + -y Plural form: change y to i and add -es No specific rules Common irregular plural nouns: man - men person - people foot - feet tooth - teeth mouse - mice 6

5 1 - Singular and Plural Nouns Write the plural form. 1 forest... forests 2 child... 3 country... 4 bus... 5 fox... 6 tooth... 7 story... 8 foot... Write the singular form computer computers 2... kisses 3... programs 4... bookcases 5... women 6... ladies C. A or An a an a pen a radio a small umbrella an orange an egg an interesting book Use a or an with nouns. It means 'one' thing. Put a before a consonant. Put an before a vowel. Consonants: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z Vowels: a, e, i, o, u Write a or an. 1 John is reading... a comic book. 2 We have... wonderful idea. 3 Jennifer is... English name. 4 I have... uncle in America. 5 Wow! That is... big octopus. 6 Amy has... large umbrella. My Next Grammar 1 7

6 2. Grammar Practice A Choose and write. Common Noun Proper Noun Others friends Mary pretty friends Golden Gate Park pretty teacher Mary Mr. Brown jar before make Stanford University children fast mother go Empire State Building B Write a or an. Write if a or an is not needed. 1 A: What do... elephants have? B: They have... large ears. 2 A: There is... bike outside. Is it your bike, Cindy? B: Yes, it is. It is... new bike. 3 A: Are there... apples on the table? B: Yes, there are. And here is... orange. 4 A: Do you have... pets? B: Yes, I do. I have... dog and... two rabbits. 5 A: How many legs does... octopus have? B: It has... eight legs. 8

7 1 - Singular and Plural Nouns C Check and correct the mistake. 1 This is a octopus and that is a crab.... an 2 There are three man in the room Wow! This is an big egg This is john. He is a new student There are many trees in the Park We need a table and a chairs.... D Write the plural forms. Mammals are warm-blooded. animals Mammals live both on land and in animal water. Some, like and mammal tiger, eat meat. They hunt other animals for food. fox Some other mammals, like hedgehogs and, bat eat. Other mammals, like and insect cow, eat. And mammals, like rabbit plant bear and rats, eat both plants and meat. 3. Grammar Summary Nouns A or An Common Noun Proper Noun Singular Noun Plural Noun a an country boy teacher France Harry Mr. Brown school bench child schools benches children a teacher a bike a lemon an apple an egg an igloo My Next Grammar 1 9

8 Lesson Count and Noncount Nouns 1. Grammar Link Go to page 106. Take Grammar Quiz Grammar Introduction A. Count and Noncount Nouns Singular Plural Count Noun a cookie a bus one leaf cookies buses leaves Count nouns are the names of objects that we can count with numbers. They take singular or plural form. Noncount Noun water cheese juice Noncount nouns are the names of objects that we cannot count with numbers. They take only singular form and do not take a or an. Common noncount nouns: furniture homework mail money bread milk weather music information Read and circle. 1 I see five monkeys. count noun noncount noun 2 I have a good idea. count noun noncount noun 3 There is a lot of furniture in the house. count noun noncount noun 4 Our town has a shopping mall. count noun noncount noun 5 I'm hungry. I want some cheese. count noun noncount noun 6 There are some sandwiches for you. count noun noncount noun Circle the correct word. 1 My teacher gave us a lot of homework / homeworks. 2 There are ten story / stories in the book. 3 I need more information / informations on the science project. 4 Is there any mail / mails in the mailbox? 10

9 2 - Count and Noncount Nouns B. Some There are some sandwiches. There is some milk. I have some money. Do you have some money? Some is used with plural count nouns. Some is used with noncount nouns. Use some in affirmative sentences. Use some in questions. A or an is used with singular count nouns. There is a sandwich. There is an egg. Write a, an, or some. 1 Mary is wearing... necklace and... earrings. 2 I can't go to the party. I have... homework to do. 3 Can I have... information on the train schedule? 4 I am hungry. I want... orange. 5 John has... mail in his mailbox. 6 There are... dictionaries in the classroom. C. Any I don't have any brothers. Is there any juice? There aren't any apples. Do you have any homework? Any is used with plural count nouns. Any is used with noncount nouns. Use any in negative sentences. Use any in questions. Write some or any. 1 My brother doesn't have... homework today. 2 Mom, are there... clean shirts? 3 Does Mary have... brothers? 4 We have... vegetables, but we don't have... fruit. 5 The classroom is empty. There aren't... students. 6 Can you help me? I have... problems. My Next Grammar 1 11

10 3. Grammar Practice A Choose and write. Count Noun peanuts Noncount Noun 8... bread peanuts bread furniture banana yogurt knife spoon homework postcard mail coin music cookies money B Check and correct the mistake. 1 I don't have some money.... any 2 I want a egg for breakfast this morning I don't have much moneys I need an information about the bus schedule Do you have some friend in Korea?... 6 Are there any picture on the wall?... 7 I want to listen to some musics You got a mail today There are some girl in the classroom

11 2 - Count and Noncount Nouns C Write a, an, some or any. 1 A: I am thirsty. Is there... orange juice? B: Sorry. There isn't... orange juice. We have... milk. 2 A: Is there... ice cream? B: No, there isn't. Do you want... apple instead? D Complete the sentence using some or any. 1 yogurt You need... some yogurt. 2 milk You don't need raisin You need sunflower seed You need banana You don't need strawberry You need Grammar Summary Count and Noncount Nouns a/an some any Count Noun There is a postcard. There is an orange. I got some postcards. Are there some tables? There aren't any oranges. Do you have any tests? Noncount Noun I got some mail. Is there some furniture? There isn't any milk. Do you have any homework? My Next Grammar 1 13

12 Lesson Subject and Object Pronouns 1. Grammar Link Go to page 107. Take Grammar Quiz Grammar Introduction A. Subjects and Objects Subject (S) Object (O) He is a boy. The boy sees the girl. The girl has a puppy. She loves it. The subject is the noun or pronoun that usually comes at the beginning of a sentence. The object is the noun or pronoun that comes after the verb in a sentence. Circle the subject and check the object. 1 I eat breakfast every day. 2 Mary has a book. 3 The birds are flying. 4 We study English. 5 Do you like fruit? 6 Tom loves ice cream. 7 They read newspapers. 8 Sam and John play baseball. 9 Children like candy. 10 Is she sleeping? B. Subject Pronouns Singular Plural 1 st Person I like apples. We like apples. 2 nd Person You speak English. You speak English. 3 rd Person He has a brother. She has a brother. It is on the desk. They have a brother. They are on the desk. I, we, you, he, she, it, and they are subject pronouns. A subject pronoun takes the place of a subject noun. Jack is from Canada. He speaks English. (He = Jack) Mary is from Canada. She speaks English. (She = Mary) Jack and Mary are from Canada. They speak English. (They = Jack and Mary) 14

13 3 - Subject and Object Pronouns Write the correct subject pronoun. 1 John is tall.... He is a basketball player. 2 Sarah and Amy are nice.... are pretty too. 3 The tiger is running.... is fast. 4 My mom is busy.... is working. 5 A: Are you and Jenny best friends? B: Yes,... are. 6 A: Do... study English? B: Yes, I do. C. Object Pronouns Singular Plural 1 st Person I like Mary. Mary likes me. We like Mary. Mary likes us. 2 nd Person You like Mary. Mary likes you. You like Mary. Mary likes you. 3 rd Person He likes Mary. She likes Mary. It likes Mary. Mary likes him. Mary likes her. Mary likes it. They like Mary. Mary likes them. Me, us, you, him, her, it, and them are object pronouns. An object pronoun takes the place of an object noun. Sam is my best friend. I like him very much. (him = Sam) Amy is my best friend. I like her very much. (her = Amy) Sam and Amy are my best friends. I like them very much. (them = Sam and Amy) Write the correct object pronoun. 1 I got a new bike. I got... it yesterday. 2 The man hits the balls. He hits... hard. 3 The singer sings a song. She sings... well. 4 Mary likes Tom. She likes... very much. 5 A: I will call Mary. B: Will you call... tonight? 6 A: John wants to see you. B: Why does he want to see...? My Next Grammar 1 15

14 3. Grammar Practice A Circle the correct pronoun. 1 Mike is in his room. He / Him is reading a book. 2 Sarah is a new student. I want to invite she / her to the party. 3 My friends and I are at my house. We / Us are watching a movie. 4 Amy is wearing new shoes. She bought they / them yesterday. 5 My parents have a new car. They / Them got it last month. 6 A: When do you see your grandma? B: I see she / her every Sunday. 7 Sam and Jenny are my friends. They / Them are my neighbors too. 8 I need to see your English book. Can you show it / them to me? B What does the pronoun in bold refer to? 1 We moved to a new house. It has a big garden. It refers to... a new house. 2 I did my homework yesterday, but I didn't bring it today. It refers to Andy is a new student. Let's go and meet him. Him refers to My friends and I are in Ms. Takeda's class. She teaches us Japanese. Us refers to Mary has three tortoises. She got them from her friend. Them refers to There is Barbara. Let's go and talk to her. Her refers to

15 3 - Subject and Object Pronouns C Write the correct subject and object pronouns. 1 A: Do you like ice cream? B: Yes,... do. I eat... every day. 2 A: Do your grandparents live with you? B: No,... don't. We visit... every Sunday. D Choose and write. He he She She She They they him her Wilbur is a pig. He lives in a barn. Charlotte is a gray spider. She lives in the same barn. are good friends. One day, an old sheep tells Wilbur that is going to be killed on Christmas. Wilbur asks Charlotte for help. Charlotte has a great idea. can write words about Wilbur in web. works hard on her web and helps become famous. Finally, go to a county fair together. Will Wilbur live past Christmas? 4. Grammar Summary Subject and Object Pronouns Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun 1 st Person I me we us 2 nd Person you you you you 3 rd Person he/she/it him/her/it they them My Next Grammar 1 17

16 Lesson Demonstratives and Possessives 1 1. Grammar Link Go to page 108. Take Grammar Quiz Grammar Introduction A. Demonstratives Demonstrative Pronoun Demonstrative Adjective Singular This is Sam's dog. That is Amy's cat. I like this. I want that. This dog is smart. That cat is cute. Plural These are my pictures. Those are John's books. I like these. I want those. These pictures are great. Those books are difficult. this that these those Circle the correct word. 1 These / This paintings are from Italy. 2 Do you know those / that men? 3 Is those / that your father's car? Read and write. Singular 4 These / This children are third graders. 5 Those / That are my friends. 6 These / This is a new pen. Plural 1 This is a red pen.... These are red pens Those presents are for Kathy. 3 That is my brother Can I play with these toys? 5 I want to buy this

17 4 - Demonstratives and Possessives 1 B. Possessive Nouns Singular Plural My friend has a bike. My friend's bike is new. The child has a bag. The child's bag is blue. Mike has a dog. Mike's dog is a poodle. My friends have a class. My friends' class is fun. The children wear uniforms. The children's uniforms are new. Possessive nouns show that someone has something. Singular possessive noun: friend friend's Mike Mike's Plural possessive noun: regular: friends friends' irregular: children children's Write the correct possessive form. 1 dog tail... dog's tail 2 girls dresses... dresses 3 eagles wings... wings 4 women shirts... shirts 5 Jane bedroom... bedroom 6 my brother MP3 player... MP3 player 7 my teachers names... names Complete the sentence using the possessive form Elephants' Elephants ears are huge. 2 Those are the... boys skateboards. 3 Where is the... penguin home? 4 Are these... women necklaces? 5 The... teachers room is on the first floor My mother sandwiches are delicious. My Next Grammar 1 19

18 3. Grammar Practice A Look and write dog teacher twins... This is a... dog's tail.... is the... board.... is the... tent Kelly women my dad... are... books.... are... shoes.... are... glasses. B Write the sentence using the words on the left. 1 These / children / jackets 2 This / the tigers / new home 3 That / the teachers / room 4 Those / the girl / boots 5 This / my brother / homework 6 That / Mike / school 7 Those / Amy / friends 8 These / students / desks 9 This / your brother / book These are children's jackets

19 4 - Demonstratives and Possessives 1 C Choose and write. polar bear s duck s Giraffes animals Frogs camel s Amazing Animals All animals have something special to help them live in the world. Giraffes' necks are long so that they can eat leaves from high trees. tongues are sticky so they can catch insects. A feet are webbed for diving and swimming. A eyelashes are long for keeping sand out of its eyes. A fur is thick so it can live in the snow or ice. How amazing all these are! 4. Grammar Summary Demonstratives Singular Plural This/That These/Those Singular child's toy/sam's CDs Possessive Nouns Plural friends' comic books/children's playroom My Next Grammar 1 21

20 Lesson Possessives 2 1. Grammar Link Go to page 109. Take Grammar Quiz Grammar Introduction A. Possessive Adjectives 1 st Person 2 nd Person 3 rd Person Singular I have a dog. This is my dog. You have a present. This is your present. John has a new bike. This is his bike. Mary has a blue jacket. This is her jacket. A giraffe has a long neck. Its legs are long too. Plural We have a new house. This is our house. You are good singers. I like your voices. My friends play basketball. These are their uniforms. Elephants have big ears. Their trunks are strong. I - my we - our you - your he - his she - her it - its they - their My, our, your, his, her, its, and their are possessive adjectives. A possessive adjective is used in front of a noun: my dog, our house, their uniforms Write the correct possessive adjective. 1 Mike's bike... his bike 2 children's books... books 3 my mom's shoes... shoes 4 students' names... names 5 my dad's car... car 6 fox's tail... tail Complet the sentence with the correct possessive adjective. 1 I have long brown hair.... My hair is long and brown. 2 We have a great soccer team.... soccer team is great. 3 You have a big room.... room is big. 4 I have nice friends.... friends are nice. 22

21 5 - Possessives 2 B. Possessive Pronouns Singular Plural 1 st Person This is my backpack. This backpack is mine. This is our house. This house is ours. I - my - mine we - our - ours 2 nd Person This is your book. This book is yours. These are your games. These games are yours. you - your - yours 3 rd Person This is his camera. This camera is his. This is her computer. This computer is hers. This is their car. This car is theirs. he - his - his she - her - hers they - their - theirs Mine, ours, yours, his, hers, and theirs are possessive pronouns. Possessive pronoun = possessive adjective + noun (mine = my backpack) Whose asks about possession. Whose book is this? It's my book. / It's mine. Write the correct possessive pronoun. 1 Is this your computer? Is this... yours? 2 These are his shirts. These are That is her house. That is Is that their school? Is that...? 5 They are our backpacks. They are Is this my umbrella? Is this...? Write the question with whose. 1 pencils / these... Whose pencils are these? 2 car / this... 3 dogs / they... 4 house / that... 5 boots / those... My Next Grammar 1 23

22 3. Grammar Practice A Write the correct possessive adjective or pronoun. 1 I have a puppy. This puppy is... mine. 2 She has a doll. This is... doll. 3 They have a ball. This ball is You have flowers. These flowers are He has a cat. This is... cat. 6 I have homework. This is... homework. 7 It has a long tail. This is... tail. 8 We have a house. This house is.... B Choose and write. 1 That is not... my my / mine hat.... Mine My / Mine is green. 2 Please give this book to Amy. It is... her / hers. 3 It is raining outside. Don't forget... your / yours umbrella. 4 I like Ken and Sam's room.... Their / Theirs room is big. 5 Look at that puppy.... It's / Its eyes are so cute. 6 We like... our / ours school a lot. 7 This is... my / mine dictionary. 8 The students do... their / theirs homework every day. 9 Thomas and... his / her friends play basketball. 10 Whose cat is this? Is it... your / yours? 24

23 5 - Possessives 2 C Check and correct the mistake. 1 A: Are these yours tennis shoes?... your B: No. Ask John. Maybe they are hers A: When is theirs final exam?... B: I don't know, but my is tomorrow.... D Choose and write. she They father s their his her Emperor penguins live in Antarctica. They have babies in the winter. The mother penguin lays only one egg. She gives egg to the father penguin. Then goes off to sea for food. The father keeps the egg warm on feet. The egg must not touch the cold ground. The mother comes back in two months. Then it is the turn to leave for food. 4. Grammar Summary Subject Pronoun Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun Subject Pronoun Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun 1 st Person I my mine we our ours 2 nd Person you your yours you your yours 3 rd Person he she it Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives his her its his hers they their theirs My Next Grammar 1 25