IMPLICATIONS FOR THE THEORY OF LANGUAGE

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "IMPLICATIONS FOR THE THEORY OF LANGUAGE"

Transcription

1 TIME AND SPACE IN TURKISH SIGN LANGUAGE (TID): IMPLICATIONS FOR THE THEORY OF LANGUAGE Engin Arik Purdue University 1

2 1. Introduction In the literature there are claims that time is conceptualized on the basis of space. Since entities in spatial relations are concrete and events in temporal relations are abstract, it is often stated that time is derived from space. There are findings that crosslinguistically spatial lexems are also used in temporal expressions. However, the lexical items in referring to space and time do not overlap exclusively. Nonetheless, these items are often neglected in discussions. 2

3 Sign languages provide clear cases to observe this since spatial relations are encoded in signing space but little is known how temporal relations are conveyed. Nevertheless, it is suggested that optional temporal adverbials carry grammatical tense in certain syntactic positions in American Sign Language. In this talk, I will pursue a gestalt analysis, i.e. frames of reference, in order to account for spatial and temporal relations in Turkish Sign Language (TID). I will claim that time is not derived from space but both time and space share a similar underlying mechanism, i.e. frames of reference. earik@purdue.edu 3

4 Three main views in understanding the space-time relationship. 1. One view states that languages lexicalize/grammaticalize spatial terms into temporal terms. a descriptive view that is used to understand apparent commonalities in spatial and temporal terms found in diverse languages. However, it does not offer any explanation for the other temporal patterns in that the source is not space. Nor does it have any explanation for the apparent similarities in two domains. earik@purdue.edu 4

5 2. Another view states that space is basic whereas time is a metaphorical extension of space. moving-time perspective in which time is understood as moving as in approaching, coming, etc. moving-ego perspective in which time is understood as static and ego moves as in going to.! metaphor and conceptualization are not defined explicitly.! the domain of the metaphor is not defined explicitly.! there is not enough empirical evidence for this metaphor to exist crosslinguistically. earik@purdue.edu 5

6 ! this view sees space is the most basic structure but does not discuss spatial language at all.! it is not clear how temporal and spatial axes are related.! the variations in expressing spatial relations on the basis of functional relations, extrageometric effects, and context and discourse effects on both spatial and temporal expressions are omitted entirely in metaphorical view. 3. In reference frames, the tools to investigate spatial language can be successfully applied to the investigations on time which I will pursue here. earik@purdue.edu 6

7 2. A Multi-modular Approach to Language In this talk I will assume a parallel architecture model of grammar in which the autonomy of the modules such as phonology, syntax, and semantics are acknowledged. Auditory information Smell Visual representation Syntax CS SR Haptic representation Emotion Action Proprioception Figure 1. CS-SR interactions (adapted from Jackendoff (1997 : 44). Phonology I Syntax I Semantics I Lexicon CS SR Figure 2. Interactions among SR, CS, Lexicon, Phonology, Syntax, and Semantics. earik@purdue.edu 7

8 3. Spatial Frames of Reference Frames of reference as coordinate systems, widely attested in typological studies, are combinations of F-G assignment and perspective. Reference Frames Origin Relation Type Egocentric vs. Allocentric Intrinsic Object Binary Allocentric Relative Viewpoint Ternary Egocentric Absolute Environment Binary Allocentric Table 1. The three reference frames. 8

9 3.1. A Multi-Modular Approach to Spatial Frames of Reference the SR hypothesis in which SR specifies spatial information such as axes and perspective in its geometric format. the CS hypothesis in which CS specifies that spatial information in its format Spatial Relations in Turkish Sign Language (TID) TID signers (n=12; 3 females, 9 males; age range: 18-50; all native Deaf signers) are asked to give spatial descriptions. (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 3. Testing item samples. earik@purdue.edu 9

10 On the basis of the SR hypothesis I hypothesized that there is no one-to-one correspondence between the locational and orientational information in the picture and that of the signing space in TID descriptions. As I expected I found mismatches between the input information and the description. Percentages Match 68 Mismatch 32 Table 2. Percentages of overall correspondences between the actual scene and the description. A logistic model with repeated measures shows that probability of match and mismatch is not dependent on locational or orientational information (p>.05). earik@purdue.edu 10

11 Perspective is not marked with the lexical items. There is no use of lexical items such as LEFT, RIGHT, FRONT, and BACK or in the predicate. TID signers employ intrinsic+relative since the linguistic forms, i.e. classifiers, encode locative-relational and inherent features of the objects with respect to each other, and intrinsic reference frames, i.e when there is mismatch. There was no description with either relative or absolute frame of reference taken. 11

12 Example: CAR {H1} CAR-LOC=LEFT & ORI=RIGHT {H2} CAR-LOC=RIGHT & ORI=RIGHT Two cars, trucks, are located on the lateral axis and oriented toward right. CAR {H1}CAR-LOC=PROX& ORI=AWAY {H2}CAR-LOC=DISTAL&ORI=AWAY Two cars, trucks, are located on the sagittal axis and oriented away from me. 12

13 The TID spatial descriptions are not the exact copies of the locational and orientational information in the testing items. These findings support the SR hypothesis. According to this, SR specifies axial information, i.e. vectors such as x, y, and z, and reference frames such as intrinsic, relative, and absolute. 13

14 SR: {two things on x-axis; relative} SR: {two things on x-axis; intrinsic} CS: CS: TRUCK! [ ] " TRUCK! [ ] " ORIENT TOWARD ORIENT TOWARD LOC j LOC j TRUCK # BE AT TRUCK # BE AT ORIENT TOWARD ORIENT TOWARD LOC i LOC i BE AT BE AT earik@purdue.edu 14

15 Intrinsic Intrinsic & Intrinsic & Relative Absolute & Absolute Relative & Absolute Intrinsic Mopan Japanese, Kgalagadi, Yucatec, Guugu Hai//om Dutch Tamil, Tiriyo, Ewe, Yimithirr Turkish 1, ASL Tzeltal 3, Tigrinya 2, Arrernte, TID, HZJ Warrwa Table 3. A typology of (spatial) reference frames. 1 See Arik 2003 for the discussion on the Turkish reference frames. 2 See Arik (ms.) on Tigrinya locatives. 3 See Pederson (1994) for an extensive discussion of the Tzeltal absolute system. earik@purdue.edu 15

16 4. Temporal Relations A situation, which is F, is located in the timeline with respect to now, G. Crucially, now is also egocentric. An allocentric perspective is taken when ego position is not relevant in the descriptions. For example, when a temporal encoding of a sentence comes from context but not an overt morphological marking with respect to now Temporal Frames of Reference Reference Egocentric vs. Origin Relation Type Frames Allocentric Intrinsic Situation Binary Allocentric Relative Ego & Now Ternary Egocentric Absolute earik@purdue.edu 16

17 Table 4. The temporal reference frames. There is no (temporal) absolute reference frame:! dates are not fixed points rather they are defined according to ego s now. For example, both on May 5 I will go to Chicago and on May 5 I went to Chicago are acceptable.! even with the years when the reference point is not available then it can be in the past or future. Right now is future for me but for the reader it is probably past.! there is neither nor the ultimate end.! the distinction between past and non-past is also a developmental issue. For example, according to Friedman (2005), young children make mistakes in distinguishing whether an event happened in the past or is going to happen in the future. earik@purdue.edu 17

18 4.2. Temporal Relations in Turkish Sign Language (TID) Clear correlation in the formation of spatial and temporal terms in the front-back axis in signing (=body) space. BEFORE YESTERDAY BEHIND NOW TODAY HERE AFTER TOMORROW THERE 18

19 When some of these signs are used to modify time expressions, there is again a correlation in terms of the use of signing space. TWO DAY BEFORE two days ago TWO WEEK BEFORE two weeks ago TWO DAY AFTER two days later TWO WEEK AFTER two weeks later But the names of hours, days, months, seasons, and years are not correlated with respect to space. I also observed that there is no overt tense marker in TID. I SCHOOL GO I went to the school I SCHOOL GO I will go to the school earik@purdue.edu 19

20 !Nonsentential time expressions are essentially modifiers of t when deictically motivated/lexicalized time expressions are in use a combination of intrinsic and relative reference frames is employed in TR. TR: {axial information: t; reference frame: intrinsic+relative} CS!In the use of other nonsentential time expressions, the reference frame is always intrinsic since there is no reference to viewer s perspective. TR: {axial information: t; reference frame: intrinsic} CS!In event sequences, previous utterance (G) refers to the event that happens before the following utterance (F) without any use of temporal adverbials. Intrinsic frame of reference no reference to ego s perspective. TR: {axial information: t; reference frame: intrinsic} CS earik@purdue.edu 20

21 5. Implications for the Theory of Language Templates for SR and TR SR: {axial information, i.e. x, y, z, ; reference frame : intrinsic, relative, absolute} CS TR: {axial information: t; reference frame: intrinsic, relative} CS earik@purdue.edu 21

22 1. space and time relationship is preserved. 2. an underlying (abstract) mechanism, i.e. frames of reference, for both space and time. 3. the current study provides evidence for the perspective taking, reference point, etc. not only in the temporal domain but also in the spatial domain. 4. the current approach does not neglect the lexical items that do not occur in both domains. 5. not only accounts for temporal adverbials but also tense. Hence, it captures temporality. 6. a multi-modular perspective and claims about the representations not only in language but also in the other domains of cognition. 7. predictions in that both spatial and temporal information should be represented in cognition but not necessarily in language. Thus, languages may not encode temporality in their morphology and they differ from each other in representing space. earik@purdue.edu 22

23 6. Conclusion This study presents a new approach to develop a cognitive analysis to understand both space and time in the theory of language and more specifically in a language that uses visual modality, i.e. Turkish Sign Language (TID). By using the same mechanism, i.e. frames of reference, I account for spatial and temporal relations in TID. earik@purdue.edu 23

24 Acknowledgements This study is supported in part by NSF grant (BCS ) awarded to Ronnie Wilbur. I am grateful to Ronnie Wilbur who offered comments on the earlier draft. I thank Beril Tezeller Arik for her assistance in preparing testing items and her insightful comments on the ideas presented here. Aysel Basar assisted in TID data collection and transcription. Sabiha Orer also helped in collecting some of the data. I thank both. I am grateful to the Deaf TID signers who participated in this study and willingly shared their insights with me. Parts of this paper, i.e. space, are presented at CSDL-8 (with Marie A. Nadolske), WIGL5 (with Marina Milkovic), PLA2007. I also thank the participants of these conferences for their invaluable comments. References Alverson, H. (1994). Semantics and experience : Universal metaphors of time in English, Mandarin, Hindi, and Sesotho. Baltimore, Maryland : The Johns Hopkins University Press. Arik, E. (2003). Spatial Representations in Turkish and Sign Language of Turkey (T!D). Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Amsterdam. Arik, E. (2005). The locative constructions in Tigrinya. Unpublished manuscript. Arik, E. (to appear). Locative constructions in Turkish Sign Language (TID). Proceedings of TISLR9. Arik, E. & Nadolske, M. A. (to appear). Conceptualization of space in Turkish Sign Language (TID). In S. Coulson (ed.) Language in Action. CSLI. Arik, E. & Milkovi!, M. (to appear). Perspective Taking Strategies in Turkish Sign Language and Croatian Sign Language. In LSO Working Papers in Linguistics, vol.7: Proceedings of WIGL Bender, A., Bennardo, G,, & Beller, S. (2005). Spatial frames of reference for temporal relations: A conceptual analysis in English, German, and Tongan. In B. G. Bara, L. Barsalou, & M. Bucciarelli (eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp ). Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum. Boroditsky, L. (2003). Linguistic Relativity. In L. Nadel (ed.), Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science (pp ). London: MacMillan Press. Boroditsky, L. & Ramscar, M. (2002). The roles of body and mind in abstract thought. Psychological Science, 13, 2, Burigo, M. & Coventry, K. (2005). Reference frame conflict in assigning direction to space. In C. Freksa, B. Krieg-Bruckner, T. Barkowsky, M. Knauff, & B. Nebel (eds.), Spatial Cognition IV, LNAI 3343, Bybee, J., Perkins, R., & Pagliuca, W. (1994). The evolution of grammar : tense, aspect, and modality in the languages of the world. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. Carlson, L. A. (2000). Object use and object location. In E. Van der Zee & U. Nikanne (eds.), Cognitive interfaces : Constraints on linking cognitive information (pp ). New York, NY : OUP. Carlson, L. A. & Van der Zee, E. (2005). Functional features in language and space. In L. Carlson & E. Van der Zee (eds.), Functional features in language and space : Insights from perception, categorization, and development (pp. 1-10). Oxford : NY, OUP. Casasanto, D. & Boroditsky, L. (in press). Time in the mind : Using space to think about time. Cognition. Chatterjee, A. (2001). Language and space : Some interactions. Trends in Cognitive Science, 5, 2, Clark, H. H. (1973). Space, time, semantics, and the child. In T. E. Moore (ed.), Cognitive Development and the Acquisition of Language (pp ). NY : Academic Press. Cogen, C. (1977). On Three Aspects of Time Expression in ASL. In L. Friedman (ed.), On the Other Hand (pp ). New York: Academic Press. Comrie, B. (1985). Tense. New York, NY : CUP. Coventry, K. R. & Garrod, S. C. (2004). Saying, seeing, and acting : the psychological semantics of spatial prepositions. New York, NY : Psychology Press. Coventry, K. R. & Garrod, S. C. (2005). Towards a classification of extra-geometric influences on the comprehension of spatial prepositions. In L. Carlson & E. van der Zee (eds.), Functional Features in Language and Space : Insights from Perception, Categorization, and Development (pp ). NY : Oxford University Press. Culicover, P. W. & Jackendoff, R. (2005). Simpler syntax. Oxford : OUP. earik@purdue.edu 24

25 Dahl, O. (1985). Tense and aspect systems. New York, NY : Basil Blackwell Inc. Emmorey, K. (1996). The confluence of space and language in signed languages. In P. Bloom, M. Peterson, L. Nadel, and M. Garrett (eds.), Language and Space (pp ). MIT Press: Cambridge, MA. Emmorey, K. (2002). Language, cognition, and the brain: Insights from sign language research. Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates: Mahwah, NJ. Engberg-Pedersen, E. (1993). Space in Danish Sign Language : The semantics and morphosyntac of the use of space in a visual language. Hamburg : Signum-Verlag. Evans, V. (2003). The structure of time : Language, meaning and temporal cognition. Philadelphia, PA : John Benjamins Publishing Company. Evans, V. (2005). The meaning of time: polysemy, the lexicon and conceptual structures. Journal of Linguistics, 41, Haspelmath, (1997). From space to time: Temporal adverbials in the world s languages. Munich & Newcastle: Lincom Europa. Friedman, W. J. (2005). Developmental and cognitive perspectives on humans sense of the times of past and future events. Language and Motivation, 36, Gentner, D. (2001). Spatial metaphors in temporal reasoning. In M. Garris (ed.), Spatial Schemas and Abstract Thought (pp ). Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press. Gentner, D., Imai, M., & Boroditsky, L. (2002). As time goes by: Evidence for two systems in processing space!time metaphors. Language and Cognitive Processes, 17, 5, Gentner, D. & Imai, M. (1992). Is the future always ahead? Evidence for system-mappings in understanding space-time metaphors. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp ). Bloomington, Indiana : Erlbaum. Grinevald, C. (2006). The expression of static location in a typological perspective. In M. Hickmann and S. Robert (eds.), Space in Languages : Linguistic Systems and Cognitive Categories, (pp ). Philadelphia, PA : John Benjamins. Herskovitz, A. (1986). Language and spatial cognition : An interdisciplinary study of the prepositions in English. New York, NY : CUP. Jackendoff, R. (1990). Semantic structures. MIT Press: Cambridge, MA. Jackendoff, R. (1996). The architecture of the linguistic-spatial interface. In P. Bloom, M. Peterson, L. Nadel, and M. Garrett (eds.), Language and Space (pp. 1-30). MIT Press: Cambridge, MA. Jackendoff, R. (1997). The architecture of the language faculty. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. Janzen, T. (2004). Space rotation, perspective shift, and verb morphology in ASL. Cognitive Linguistics, 15, 2, Klein, W. (1994). Time in language. London : Routledge. Landau, B. & Jackendoff, R. (1993). What and where in spatial language and spatial cognition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16, 2, Levelt, W. J. M.(1996). Perspective taking and ellipsis in spatial descriptions. In P. Bloom, M. Peterson, L. Nadel, and M. Garrett (eds.), Language and Space (pp ). MIT Press: Cambridge, MA. Levinson, S. C. (1996a). Frames of reference and Molyneux s question: Crosslinguistic evidence. In P. Bloom, M. Peterson, L. Nadel, and M. Garrett (eds.), Language and Space (pp ). MIT Press: Cambridge, MA. Levinson, S. C. (1996b). The role of language in everyday human navigation. MPI for Psycholinguistics, Cognitive Anthropology Research Group, Working Paper, 38. Nijmegen. Levinson, S. C. (2003). Space in language and cognition: Explorations in cognitive diversity. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK. Levinson, S. C. & Wilkins, D. (2006). Patterns in the data : Towards a semantic typologie of spatial descriptor. In S. C. Levinson & D. Wilkins (eds.), Grammars of Space (pp ). New York, NY : CUP. Lyons, J. (1977). Semantics : Vol. 2. Cambridge, NY : CUP. Maillat, D. (2001). Directional PPs and reference frames in DRT. Proceedings of the workshop on temporal and spatial information processing Vol. 13. Majid, A., Bowerman, M., Kita, S., Haun, D. B. M. & Levinson, S. C. (2004). Can language restructure cognition? The case for space. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 3, Matlock, T., Ramscar, M., & Boroditsky, L. (2005). On the experiential link between spatial and temporal language. Cognitive Science, 29, McGlone M. S. & Harding, J. L. (1998). Back (or forward?) to the future: The role of perspective in temporal language comprehension. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24, 5, Miller, G. A. & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1976). Language and perception. Cambridge, MA : The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Murphy, G. L. (1996). On metaphoric representation. Cognition, 60, Neidle, C., Kegl, J., MacLaughlin, D., Bahan, B., & Robert, G. L. (2000). The Syntax of American Sign Language: Functional Categories and Hierarchical Structure. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. earik@purdue.edu 25

26 Nikanne, U. (1990). Zones and tiers: A study of thematic structure. [Studia Fennica Linguistica 35]. Nikanne, U. (1997). Lexical Conceptual Structure and Syntactic Arguments. SKY Yearbook Nikanne, U. (2000). Some restrictions in linguistic expressions of spatial movement. In E. van der Zee & U. Nikanne (eds.), Cognitive interfaces : constraints on linking cognitive information (pp ). Oxford : Oxford University Press. Núñez, R. E., Motz, B. A., Teuscher, U. (2006). Time after time: The psychological reality of the ego- and time-reference-point distinction in metaphorical construals of time. Metaphor and Symbol, 21, 3, Núñez, R. E. & Sweetser, E. (2006). With the future behind them : Convergent evidence from Aymara language and gesture in the crosslinguistic comparison of spatial construals of time. Cognitive Science, 30, Pederson, R. (2003). How many reference frames. In C. Freksa, W. Brauer, C. Habel & K. Wender (eds.), Spatial Cognition III, LNAI 2685, Pederson, E., Danziger, E., Wilkins, D., Levinson, S. C., Kita, S., & Senft, G. (1998). Semantic typology and spatial conceptualization. Language, 74, Peterson, M., Nadel, L., Bloom, P., & Garrett, M. (1996). Space and language. In P. Bloom, M. Peterson, L. Nadel, and M. Garrett (eds.), Language and Space (pp ). MIT Press: Cambridge, MA. Pianesi, F. (2006). Temporal reference. In M. Everaert & H. van Riemsdijk (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Syntax Vol. V (pp ). Malden, MA : Blackwell Publishing. Radden, G. (2003). The metaphor TIME AS SPACE across languages. ZIF, 8, 2-3. Reichenbach, h. (2005 [1947]). The tenses of verbs. In I. Mani, J. Pustejovksy, & R. Gaizauskas (eds.), The Language of Time : A Reader (pp. 71-8). Oxford : OUP. Rice, S. (1996). Prepositional prototypes. In M. Puetz & R. Dirven (eds.), The construal of space in language and thought (pp ). New York, NY : Mouton de Gruyter. Svorou, S. (1994). The grammar of space. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Talmy, L. (1983). How language structures space. In H. L. Pick, Jr., & L. P. Acredolo (eds.), Spatial orientation: Theory, research, and application (pp ). Plenum Press: NY. Talmy, L. (2000). Toward a cognitive semantics. Vol 1. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Tenbrink, T. (2005). Localising objects and events: Discoursal applicability conditions for spatiotemporal expressions in English and German. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Bremen. Torralbo, A., Santiago, J. & Lupianez, J. (2006). Flexible conceptual projection of time onto spatial frames of reference. Cognitive Science, 30, Traugott, E. C. (1978). Spatio-temporal relations. In J. H. Greenberg (ed.), Universals of Human Language: Vol. 3 Word Structure (pp ). Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press. earik@purdue.edu 26

AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO NEW AND OLD INFORMATION IN TURKISH LOCATIVES AND EXISTENTIALS

AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO NEW AND OLD INFORMATION IN TURKISH LOCATIVES AND EXISTENTIALS AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO NEW AND OLD INFORMATION IN TURKISH LOCATIVES AND EXISTENTIALS Engin ARIK 1, Pınar ÖZTOP 2, and Esen BÜYÜKSÖKMEN 1 Doguş University, 2 Plymouth University enginarik@enginarik.com

More information

Describing Motion Events in Adult L2 Spanish Narratives

Describing Motion Events in Adult L2 Spanish Narratives Describing Motion Events in Adult L2 Spanish Narratives Samuel Navarro and Elena Nicoladis University of Alberta 1. Introduction When learning a second language (L2), learners are faced with the challenge

More information

English Language and Applied Linguistics. Module Descriptions 2017/18

English Language and Applied Linguistics. Module Descriptions 2017/18 English Language and Applied Linguistics Module Descriptions 2017/18 Level I (i.e. 2 nd Yr.) Modules Please be aware that all modules are subject to availability. If you have any questions about the modules,

More information

Lingüística Cognitiva/ Cognitive Linguistics

Lingüística Cognitiva/ Cognitive Linguistics Lingüística Cognitiva/ Cognitive Linguistics Grado en Estudios Ingleses Grado en Lenguas Modernas y Traducción Universidad de Alcalá Curso Académico 2017-2018 Curso 3º y 4º 2º Cuatrimestre GUÍA DOCENTE

More information

Phonological encoding in speech production

Phonological encoding in speech production Phonological encoding in speech production Niels O. Schiller Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

More information

A Minimalist Approach to Code-Switching. In the field of linguistics, the topic of bilingualism is a broad one. There are many

A Minimalist Approach to Code-Switching. In the field of linguistics, the topic of bilingualism is a broad one. There are many Schmidt 1 Eric Schmidt Prof. Suzanne Flynn Linguistic Study of Bilingualism December 13, 2013 A Minimalist Approach to Code-Switching In the field of linguistics, the topic of bilingualism is a broad one.

More information

Language-Specific Patterns in Danish and Zapotec Children s Comprehension of Spatial Grams

Language-Specific Patterns in Danish and Zapotec Children s Comprehension of Spatial Grams Language-Specific Patterns in and Children s Comprehension of Spatial Grams Kristine Jensen de López University of Aalborg, Denmark Kristine@hum.auc.dk 1 Introduction Existing cross-linguistic studies

More information

Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, P.O. Box 310, 6500 AH Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, P.O. Box 310, 6500 AH Nijmegen, The Netherlands LEVINSON LANGUAGE Annu. Rev. Anthropol. AND 1996. SPACE 25:353 82 Copyright 1996 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved LANGUAGE AND SPACE Stephen C. Levinson Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics,

More information

Meaning and Motor Action

Meaning and Motor Action Meaning and Motor Action Daniel Casasanto (djc@psych.stanford.edu) Sandra Lozano (scl@psych.stanford.edu) Department of Psychology, Stanford University Jordan Hall, Bldg. 420, Stanford, CA 94043 Abstract

More information

PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen

PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/140304

More information

Framing Whorf: A response to Li et al. (2011)

Framing Whorf: A response to Li et al. (2011) Framing Whorf: A response to Li et al. (2011) Jürgen Bohnemeyer University at Buffalo SUNY Stephen C. Levinson Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Radboud University Nijmegen Keywords: Spatial

More information

An Interactive Intelligent Language Tutor Over The Internet

An Interactive Intelligent Language Tutor Over The Internet An Interactive Intelligent Language Tutor Over The Internet Trude Heift Linguistics Department and Language Learning Centre Simon Fraser University, B.C. Canada V5A1S6 E-mail: heift@sfu.ca Abstract: This

More information

An Empirical and Computational Test of Linguistic Relativity

An Empirical and Computational Test of Linguistic Relativity An Empirical and Computational Test of Linguistic Relativity Kathleen M. Eberhard* (eberhard.1@nd.edu) Matthias Scheutz** (mscheutz@cse.nd.edu) Michael Heilman** (mheilman@nd.edu) *Department of Psychology,

More information

Intra-talker Variation: Audience Design Factors Affecting Lexical Selections

Intra-talker Variation: Audience Design Factors Affecting Lexical Selections Tyler Perrachione LING 451-0 Proseminar in Sound Structure Prof. A. Bradlow 17 March 2006 Intra-talker Variation: Audience Design Factors Affecting Lexical Selections Abstract Although the acoustic and

More information

AGENDA LEARNING THEORIES LEARNING THEORIES. Advanced Learning Theories 2/22/2016

AGENDA LEARNING THEORIES LEARNING THEORIES. Advanced Learning Theories 2/22/2016 AGENDA Advanced Learning Theories Alejandra J. Magana, Ph.D. admagana@purdue.edu Introduction to Learning Theories Role of Learning Theories and Frameworks Learning Design Research Design Dual Coding Theory

More information

Minimalism is the name of the predominant approach in generative linguistics today. It was first

Minimalism is the name of the predominant approach in generative linguistics today. It was first Minimalism Minimalism is the name of the predominant approach in generative linguistics today. It was first introduced by Chomsky in his work The Minimalist Program (1995) and has seen several developments

More information

Cross-linguistic aspects in child L2 acquisition

Cross-linguistic aspects in child L2 acquisition 609238IJB0010.1177/1367006915609238International Journal of Bi-lingualismChondrogianni and Vasić research-article2015 Editorial Note Cross-linguistic aspects in child L2 acquisition International Journal

More information

LING 329 : MORPHOLOGY

LING 329 : MORPHOLOGY LING 329 : MORPHOLOGY TTh 10:30 11:50 AM, Physics 121 Course Syllabus Spring 2013 Matt Pearson Office: Vollum 313 Email: pearsonm@reed.edu Phone: 7618 (off campus: 503-517-7618) Office hrs: Mon 1:30 2:30,

More information

The Acquisition of Person and Number Morphology Within the Verbal Domain in Early Greek

The Acquisition of Person and Number Morphology Within the Verbal Domain in Early Greek Vol. 4 (2012) 15-25 University of Reading ISSN 2040-3461 LANGUAGE STUDIES WORKING PAPERS Editors: C. Ciarlo and D.S. Giannoni The Acquisition of Person and Number Morphology Within the Verbal Domain in

More information

Discourse markers and grammaticalization

Discourse markers and grammaticalization Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói Mini curso, Part 2: 08.05.14, 17:30 Discourse markers and grammaticalization Bernd Heine 1 bernd.heine@uni-keln.de What is a discourse marker? 2 ... the status of

More information

Acquiring verb agreement in HKSL: Optional or obligatory?

Acquiring verb agreement in HKSL: Optional or obligatory? Sign Languages: spinning and unraveling the past, present and future. TISLR9, forty five papers and three posters from the 9th. Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research Conference, Florianopolis, Brazil,

More information

Dissertation Summaries. The Acquisition of Aspect and Motion Verbs in the Native Language (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 2014)

Dissertation Summaries. The Acquisition of Aspect and Motion Verbs in the Native Language (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 2014) brill.com/jgl Dissertation Summaries The Acquisition of Aspect and Motion Verbs in the Native Language (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 2014) Maria Kotroni Aristotle University of Thessaloniki mkotroni@hotmail.com

More information

Multiple case assignment and the English pseudo-passive *

Multiple case assignment and the English pseudo-passive * Multiple case assignment and the English pseudo-passive * Norvin Richards Massachusetts Institute of Technology Previous literature on pseudo-passives (see van Riemsdijk 1978, Chomsky 1981, Hornstein &

More information

Routledge Library Editions: The English Language: Pronouns And Word Order In Old English: With Particular Reference To The Indefinite Pronoun Man

Routledge Library Editions: The English Language: Pronouns And Word Order In Old English: With Particular Reference To The Indefinite Pronoun Man Routledge Library Editions: The English Language: Pronouns And Word Order In Old English: With Particular Reference To The Indefinite Pronoun Man (Routledge Library Edition: The English Language) By Linda

More information

Second Language Acquisition in Adults: From Research to Practice

Second Language Acquisition in Adults: From Research to Practice Second Language Acquisition in Adults: From Research to Practice Donna Moss, National Center for ESL Literacy Education Lauren Ross-Feldman, Georgetown University Second language acquisition (SLA) is the

More information

The Effect of Discourse Markers on the Speaking Production of EFL Students. Iman Moradimanesh

The Effect of Discourse Markers on the Speaking Production of EFL Students. Iman Moradimanesh The Effect of Discourse Markers on the Speaking Production of EFL Students Iman Moradimanesh Abstract The research aimed at investigating the relationship between discourse markers (DMs) and a special

More information

CS 598 Natural Language Processing

CS 598 Natural Language Processing CS 598 Natural Language Processing Natural language is everywhere Natural language is everywhere Natural language is everywhere Natural language is everywhere!"#$%&'&()*+,-./012 34*5665756638/9:;< =>?@ABCDEFGHIJ5KL@

More information

Age Effects on Syntactic Control in. Second Language Learning

Age Effects on Syntactic Control in. Second Language Learning Age Effects on Syntactic Control in Second Language Learning Miriam Tullgren Loyola University Chicago Abstract 1 This paper explores the effects of age on second language acquisition in adolescents, ages

More information

Introduction to HPSG. Introduction. Historical Overview. The HPSG architecture. Signature. Linguistic Objects. Descriptions.

Introduction to HPSG. Introduction. Historical Overview. The HPSG architecture. Signature. Linguistic Objects. Descriptions. to as a linguistic theory to to a member of the family of linguistic frameworks that are called generative grammars a grammar which is formalized to a high degree and thus makes exact predictions about

More information

Linguistic Variation across Sports Category of Press Reportage from British Newspapers: a Diachronic Multidimensional Analysis

Linguistic Variation across Sports Category of Press Reportage from British Newspapers: a Diachronic Multidimensional Analysis International Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences (IJAHSS) Volume 1 Issue 1 ǁ August 216. www.ijahss.com Linguistic Variation across Sports Category of Press Reportage from British Newspapers:

More information

Approaches to control phenomena handout Obligatory control and morphological case: Icelandic and Basque

Approaches to control phenomena handout Obligatory control and morphological case: Icelandic and Basque Approaches to control phenomena handout 6 5.4 Obligatory control and morphological case: Icelandic and Basque Icelandinc quirky case (displaying properties of both structural and inherent case: lexically

More information

To appear in The TESOL encyclopedia of ELT (Wiley-Blackwell) 1 RECASTING. Kazuya Saito. Birkbeck, University of London

To appear in The TESOL encyclopedia of ELT (Wiley-Blackwell) 1 RECASTING. Kazuya Saito. Birkbeck, University of London To appear in The TESOL encyclopedia of ELT (Wiley-Blackwell) 1 RECASTING Kazuya Saito Birkbeck, University of London Abstract Among the many corrective feedback techniques at ESL/EFL teachers' disposal,

More information

NAME: East Carolina University PSYC Developmental Psychology Dr. Eppler & Dr. Ironsmith

NAME: East Carolina University PSYC Developmental Psychology Dr. Eppler & Dr. Ironsmith Module 10 1 NAME: East Carolina University PSYC 3206 -- Developmental Psychology Dr. Eppler & Dr. Ironsmith Study Questions for Chapter 10: Language and Education Sigelman & Rider (2009). Life-span human

More information

The Language of Football England vs. Germany (working title) by Elmar Thalhammer. Abstract

The Language of Football England vs. Germany (working title) by Elmar Thalhammer. Abstract The Language of Football England vs. Germany (working title) by Elmar Thalhammer Abstract As opposed to about fifteen years ago, football has now become a socially acceptable phenomenon in both Germany

More information

Case government vs Case agreement: modelling Modern Greek case attraction phenomena in LFG

Case government vs Case agreement: modelling Modern Greek case attraction phenomena in LFG Case government vs Case agreement: modelling Modern Greek case attraction phenomena in LFG Dr. Kakia Chatsiou, University of Essex achats at essex.ac.uk Explorations in Syntactic Government and Subcategorisation,

More information

Communication around Interactive Tables

Communication around Interactive Tables Communication around Interactive Tables Figure 1. Research Framework. Izdihar Jamil Department of Computer Science University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1UB, UK Izdihar.Jamil@bris.ac.uk Abstract Despite technological,

More information

The Effects of Strategic Planning and Topic Familiarity on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners Written Performance in TBLT

The Effects of Strategic Planning and Topic Familiarity on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners Written Performance in TBLT ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 2308-2315, November 2012 Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/tpls.2.11.2308-2315 The Effects of Strategic Planning and Topic

More information

Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes in Pak-Pak Language

Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes in Pak-Pak Language Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes in Pak-Pak Language Agustina Situmorang and Tima Mariany Arifin ABSTRACT The objectives of this study are to find out the derivational and inflectional morphemes

More information

Developing True/False Test Sheet Generating System with Diagnosing Basic Cognitive Ability

Developing True/False Test Sheet Generating System with Diagnosing Basic Cognitive Ability Developing True/False Test Sheet Generating System with Diagnosing Basic Cognitive Ability Shih-Bin Chen Dept. of Information and Computer Engineering, Chung-Yuan Christian University Chung-Li, Taiwan

More information

The presence of interpretable but ungrammatical sentences corresponds to mismatches between interpretive and productive parsing.

The presence of interpretable but ungrammatical sentences corresponds to mismatches between interpretive and productive parsing. Lecture 4: OT Syntax Sources: Kager 1999, Section 8; Legendre et al. 1998; Grimshaw 1997; Barbosa et al. 1998, Introduction; Bresnan 1998; Fanselow et al. 1999; Gibson & Broihier 1998. OT is not a theory

More information

CEFR Overall Illustrative English Proficiency Scales

CEFR Overall Illustrative English Proficiency Scales CEFR Overall Illustrative English Proficiency s CEFR CEFR OVERALL ORAL PRODUCTION Has a good command of idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms with awareness of connotative levels of meaning. Can convey

More information

LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 11 : 12 December 2011 ISSN

LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 11 : 12 December 2011 ISSN LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume ISSN 1930-2940 Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D. B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.

More information

Specification and Evaluation of Machine Translation Toy Systems - Criteria for laboratory assignments

Specification and Evaluation of Machine Translation Toy Systems - Criteria for laboratory assignments Specification and Evaluation of Machine Translation Toy Systems - Criteria for laboratory assignments Cristina Vertan, Walther v. Hahn University of Hamburg, Natural Language Systems Division Hamburg,

More information

Progressive Aspect in Nigerian English

Progressive Aspect in Nigerian English ISLE 2011 17 June 2011 1 New Englishes Empirical Studies Aspect in Nigerian Languages 2 3 Nigerian English Other New Englishes Explanations Progressive Aspect in New Englishes New Englishes Empirical Studies

More information

The Semantics of Prepositions: An exploration into the uses of "at" and "to"

The Semantics of Prepositions: An exploration into the uses of at and to Carnegie Mellon University Research Showcase @ CMU Dietrich College Honors Theses Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences 4-2010 The Semantics of Prepositions: An exploration into the uses of

More information

Improved Effects of Word-Retrieval Treatments Subsequent to Addition of the Orthographic Form

Improved Effects of Word-Retrieval Treatments Subsequent to Addition of the Orthographic Form Orthographic Form 1 Improved Effects of Word-Retrieval Treatments Subsequent to Addition of the Orthographic Form The development and testing of word-retrieval treatments for aphasia has generally focused

More information

An Introduction to the Minimalist Program

An Introduction to the Minimalist Program An Introduction to the Minimalist Program Luke Smith University of Arizona Summer 2016 Some findings of traditional syntax Human languages vary greatly, but digging deeper, they all have distinct commonalities:

More information

UCLA Issues in Applied Linguistics

UCLA Issues in Applied Linguistics UCLA Issues in Applied Linguistics Title An Introduction to Second Language Acquisition Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3165s95t Journal Issues in Applied Linguistics, 3(2) ISSN 1050-4273 Author

More information

The Structure of Multiple Complements to V

The Structure of Multiple Complements to V The Structure of Multiple Complements to Mitsuaki YONEYAMA 1. Introduction I have recently been concerned with the syntactic and semantic behavior of two s in English. In this paper, I will examine the

More information

Underlying and Surface Grammatical Relations in Greek consider

Underlying and Surface Grammatical Relations in Greek consider 0 Underlying and Surface Grammatical Relations in Greek consider Sentences Brian D. Joseph The Ohio State University Abbreviated Title Grammatical Relations in Greek consider Sentences Brian D. Joseph

More information

Linguistics. Undergraduate. Departmental Honors. Graduate. Faculty. Linguistics 1

Linguistics. Undergraduate. Departmental Honors. Graduate. Faculty. Linguistics 1 Linguistics 1 Linguistics Matthew Gordon, Chair Interdepartmental Program in the College of Arts and Science 223 Tate Hall (573) 882-6421 gordonmj@missouri.edu Kibby Smith, Advisor Office of Multidisciplinary

More information

LINGUISTICS. Learning Outcomes (Graduate) Learning Outcomes (Undergraduate) Graduate Programs in Linguistics. Bachelor of Arts in Linguistics

LINGUISTICS. Learning Outcomes (Graduate) Learning Outcomes (Undergraduate) Graduate Programs in Linguistics. Bachelor of Arts in Linguistics Stanford University 1 LINGUISTICS Courses offered by the Department of Linguistics are listed under the subject code LINGUIST on the Stanford Bulletin's ExploreCourses web site. Linguistics is the study

More information

Lexical Collocations (Verb + Noun) Across Written Academic Genres In English

Lexical Collocations (Verb + Noun) Across Written Academic Genres In English Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 182 ( 2015 ) 433 440 4th WORLD CONFERENCE ON EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCHES, WCETR- 2014 Lexical Collocations

More information

DOI /cog Cognitive Linguistics 2013; 24(2):

DOI /cog Cognitive Linguistics 2013; 24(2): DOI 10.1515/cog-2013-0010 Cognitive Linguistics 2013; 24(2): 309 343 Irit Meir, Carol Padden, Mark Aronoff and Wendy Sandler Competing iconicities in the structure of languages Abstract: The paper examines

More information

Evolution of Symbolisation in Chimpanzees and Neural Nets

Evolution of Symbolisation in Chimpanzees and Neural Nets Evolution of Symbolisation in Chimpanzees and Neural Nets Angelo Cangelosi Centre for Neural and Adaptive Systems University of Plymouth (UK) a.cangelosi@plymouth.ac.uk Introduction Animal communication

More information

ROSETTA STONE PRODUCT OVERVIEW

ROSETTA STONE PRODUCT OVERVIEW ROSETTA STONE PRODUCT OVERVIEW Method Rosetta Stone teaches languages using a fully-interactive immersion process that requires the student to indicate comprehension of the new language and provides immediate

More information

AQUA: An Ontology-Driven Question Answering System

AQUA: An Ontology-Driven Question Answering System AQUA: An Ontology-Driven Question Answering System Maria Vargas-Vera, Enrico Motta and John Domingue Knowledge Media Institute (KMI) The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom.

More information

THE ROLE OF TOOL AND TEACHER MEDIATIONS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MEANINGS FOR REFLECTION

THE ROLE OF TOOL AND TEACHER MEDIATIONS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MEANINGS FOR REFLECTION THE ROLE OF TOOL AND TEACHER MEDIATIONS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MEANINGS FOR REFLECTION Lulu Healy Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Educação Matemática, PUC, São Paulo ABSTRACT This article reports

More information

Psychology of Speech Production and Speech Perception

Psychology of Speech Production and Speech Perception Psychology of Speech Production and Speech Perception Hugo Quené Clinical Language, Speech and Hearing Sciences, Utrecht University h.quene@uu.nl revised version 2009.06.10 1 Practical information Academic

More information

Basic Syntax. Doug Arnold We review some basic grammatical ideas and terminology, and look at some common constructions in English.

Basic Syntax. Doug Arnold We review some basic grammatical ideas and terminology, and look at some common constructions in English. Basic Syntax Doug Arnold doug@essex.ac.uk We review some basic grammatical ideas and terminology, and look at some common constructions in English. 1 Categories 1.1 Word level (lexical and functional)

More information

Understanding the Relationship between Comprehension and Production

Understanding the Relationship between Comprehension and Production Carnegie Mellon University Research Showcase @ CMU Department of Psychology Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences 1-1987 Understanding the Relationship between Comprehension and Production

More information

Merbouh Zouaoui. Melouk Mohamed. Journal of Educational and Social Research MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy. 1. Introduction

Merbouh Zouaoui. Melouk Mohamed. Journal of Educational and Social Research MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy. 1. Introduction Acquiring Communication through Conversational Training: The Case Study of 1 st Year LMD Students at Djillali Liabès University Sidi Bel Abbès Algeria Doi:10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n6p353 Abstract Merbouh Zouaoui

More information

The Prosodic (Re)organization of Determiners

The Prosodic (Re)organization of Determiners The Prosodic (Re)organization of Determiners Katherine Demuth, Elizabeth McCullough, and Matthew Adamo Brown University 1. Introduction* * Researchers have long known that children variably produce grammatical

More information

cambridge occasional papers in linguistics Volume 8, Article 3: 41 55, 2015 ISSN

cambridge occasional papers in linguistics Volume 8, Article 3: 41 55, 2015 ISSN C O P i L cambridge occasional papers in linguistics Volume 8, Article 3: 41 55, 2015 ISSN 2050-5949 THE DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURE BUILDING IN RANGI: AT THE SYNTAX-SEMANTICS INTERFACE H a n n a h G i b s o

More information

Authors note Chapter One Why Simpler Syntax? 1.1. Different notions of simplicity

Authors note Chapter One Why Simpler Syntax? 1.1. Different notions of simplicity Authors note: This document is an uncorrected prepublication version of the manuscript of Simpler Syntax, by Peter W. Culicover and Ray Jackendoff (Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2005). The actual published

More information

Visual processing speed: effects of auditory input on

Visual processing speed: effects of auditory input on Developmental Science DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00627.x REPORT Blackwell Publishing Ltd Visual processing speed: effects of auditory input on processing speed visual processing Christopher W. Robinson

More information

Grammatical constructions, frame structure, and metonymy: Their contributions to metaphor computation

Grammatical constructions, frame structure, and metonymy: Their contributions to metaphor computation 317 Grammatical constructions, frame structure, and metonymy: Their contributions to metaphor computation Elise Stickles, Oana David, and Eve Sweetser University of California, Berkeley ABSTRACT. In conceptual

More information

Sluicing and Stranding

Sluicing and Stranding Sluicing and Stranding Joanna Nykiel (U. of Silesia) Ivan A. Sag (Stanford U.) This paper discusses the cross-linguistic inaccuracy of Merchant s (2001,2004,2008,to appear) claim that the possibility of

More information

THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES

THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES PRO and Control in Lexical Functional Grammar: Lexical or Theory Motivated? Evidence from Kikuyu Njuguna Githitu Bernard Ph.D. Student, University

More information

AN INTRODUCTION (2 ND ED.) (LONDON, BLOOMSBURY ACADEMIC PP. VI, 282)

AN INTRODUCTION (2 ND ED.) (LONDON, BLOOMSBURY ACADEMIC PP. VI, 282) B. PALTRIDGE, DISCOURSE ANALYSIS: AN INTRODUCTION (2 ND ED.) (LONDON, BLOOMSBURY ACADEMIC. 2012. PP. VI, 282) Review by Glenda Shopen _ This book is a revised edition of the author s 2006 introductory

More information

Chapter 3: Semi-lexical categories. nor truly functional. As Corver and van Riemsdijk rightly point out, There is more

Chapter 3: Semi-lexical categories. nor truly functional. As Corver and van Riemsdijk rightly point out, There is more Chapter 3: Semi-lexical categories 0 Introduction While lexical and functional categories are central to current approaches to syntax, it has been noticed that not all categories fit perfectly into this

More information

Vocabulary Usage and Intelligibility in Learner Language

Vocabulary Usage and Intelligibility in Learner Language Vocabulary Usage and Intelligibility in Learner Language Emi Izumi, 1 Kiyotaka Uchimoto 1 and Hitoshi Isahara 1 1. Introduction In verbal communication, the primary purpose of which is to convey and understand

More information

Characterizing Diagrams Produced by Individuals and Dyads

Characterizing Diagrams Produced by Individuals and Dyads Characterizing Diagrams Produced by Individuals and Dyads Julie Heiser and Barbara Tversky Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2130 {jheiser, bt}@psych.stanford.edu Abstract.

More information

Control and Boundedness

Control and Boundedness Control and Boundedness Having eliminated rules, we would expect constructions to follow from the lexical categories (of heads and specifiers of syntactic constructions) alone. Combinatory syntax simply

More information

Using Virtual Manipulatives to Support Teaching and Learning Mathematics

Using Virtual Manipulatives to Support Teaching and Learning Mathematics Using Virtual Manipulatives to Support Teaching and Learning Mathematics Joel Duffin Abstract The National Library of Virtual Manipulatives (NLVM) is a free website containing over 110 interactive online

More information

1 Nonapriorism vs. apriorism

1 Nonapriorism vs. apriorism DOI 10.1515/tl-2012-0004 Theoretical Linguistics 2012; 38(1-2): 91 102 Martin Haspelmath Escaping ethnocentrism in the study of word-class universals Martin Haspelmath: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary

More information

COMM Fall 2011

COMM Fall 2011 1 COMM 5425 Fall 2011 Readings in Discourse & Social Practices Instructor & Class Information Instructor: Dr. Karen Tracy Office hours: T 1:30-3:15, TH 11-12 Class: Hellems 77, T: 3:30-6 PM Phone: (303)

More information

Concept Acquisition Without Representation William Dylan Sabo

Concept Acquisition Without Representation William Dylan Sabo Concept Acquisition Without Representation William Dylan Sabo Abstract: Contemporary debates in concept acquisition presuppose that cognizers can only acquire concepts on the basis of concepts they already

More information

Ling/Span/Fren/Ger/Educ 466: SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION. Spring 2011 (Tuesdays 4-6:30; Psychology 251)

Ling/Span/Fren/Ger/Educ 466: SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION. Spring 2011 (Tuesdays 4-6:30; Psychology 251) Ling/Span/Fren/Ger/Educ 466: SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Spring 2011 (Tuesdays 4-6:30; Psychology 251) Instructor Professor Joe Barcroft Department of Romance Languages and Literatures Office: Ridgley

More information

THE EFFECTS OF TASK COMPLEXITY ALONG RESOURCE-DIRECTING AND RESOURCE-DISPERSING FACTORS ON EFL LEARNERS WRITTEN PERFORMANCE

THE EFFECTS OF TASK COMPLEXITY ALONG RESOURCE-DIRECTING AND RESOURCE-DISPERSING FACTORS ON EFL LEARNERS WRITTEN PERFORMANCE THE EFFECTS OF TASK COMPLEXITY ALONG RESOURCE-DIRECTING AND RESOURCE-DISPERSING FACTORS ON EFL LEARNERS WRITTEN PERFORMANCE Zahra Talebi PhD candidate in TEFL, Faculty of Humanities, University of Payame

More information

Iraide Ibarretxe Antuñano Universidad de Zaragoza

Iraide Ibarretxe Antuñano Universidad de Zaragoza ATLANTIS Journal of the Spanish Association of Anglo-American Studies 34.1 ( June 2012): 163 69 issn 0210-6124 Hans Boas, ed. 2010: Contrastive Studies in Construction Grammar. Amsterdam/ Philadephia:

More information

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 154 ( 2014 )

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 154 ( 2014 ) Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 154 ( 2014 ) 263 267 THE XXV ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC CONFERENCE, LANGUAGE AND CULTURE, 20-22 October

More information

TRANSITIVITY IN THE LIGHT OF EVENT RELATED POTENTIALS

TRANSITIVITY IN THE LIGHT OF EVENT RELATED POTENTIALS TRANSITIVITY IN THE LIGHT OF EVENT RELATED POTENTIALS Stéphane ROBERT CNRS-LLACAN and Labex EFL, Paris stephane.robert@cnrs.fr SLE 2016, Naples Introduction A joint work with neuroscientists Experiment

More information

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 143 ( 2014 ) CY-ICER Teacher intervention in the process of L2 writing acquisition

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 143 ( 2014 ) CY-ICER Teacher intervention in the process of L2 writing acquisition Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 143 ( 2014 ) 238 242 CY-ICER 2014 Teacher intervention in the process of L2 writing acquisition Blanka

More information

The Acquisition of English Grammatical Morphemes: A Case of Iranian EFL Learners

The Acquisition of English Grammatical Morphemes: A Case of Iranian EFL Learners 105 By Fatemeh Behjat & Firooz Sadighi The Acquisition of English Grammatical Morphemes: A Case of Iranian EFL Learners Fatemeh Behjat fb_304@yahoo.com Islamic Azad University, Abadeh Branch, Iran Fatemeh

More information

Written by: YULI AMRIA (RRA1B210085) ABSTRACT. Key words: ability, possessive pronouns, and possessive adjectives INTRODUCTION

Written by: YULI AMRIA (RRA1B210085) ABSTRACT. Key words: ability, possessive pronouns, and possessive adjectives INTRODUCTION STUDYING GRAMMAR OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: STUDENTS ABILITY IN USING POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES IN ONE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN JAMBI CITY Written by: YULI AMRIA (RRA1B210085) ABSTRACT

More information

Objectives. Chapter 2: The Representation of Knowledge. Expert Systems: Principles and Programming, Fourth Edition

Objectives. Chapter 2: The Representation of Knowledge. Expert Systems: Principles and Programming, Fourth Edition Chapter 2: The Representation of Knowledge Expert Systems: Principles and Programming, Fourth Edition Objectives Introduce the study of logic Learn the difference between formal logic and informal logic

More information

Maximizing Learning Through Course Alignment and Experience with Different Types of Knowledge

Maximizing Learning Through Course Alignment and Experience with Different Types of Knowledge Innov High Educ (2009) 34:93 103 DOI 10.1007/s10755-009-9095-2 Maximizing Learning Through Course Alignment and Experience with Different Types of Knowledge Phyllis Blumberg Published online: 3 February

More information

Pseudo-Passives as Adjectival Passives

Pseudo-Passives as Adjectival Passives Pseudo-Passives as Adjectival Passives Kwang-sup Kim Hankuk University of Foreign Studies English Department 81 Oedae-lo Cheoin-Gu Yongin-City 449-791 Republic of Korea kwangsup@hufs.ac.kr Abstract The

More information

Constraining X-Bar: Theta Theory

Constraining X-Bar: Theta Theory Constraining X-Bar: Theta Theory Carnie, 2013, chapter 8 Kofi K. Saah 1 Learning objectives Distinguish between thematic relation and theta role. Identify the thematic relations agent, theme, goal, source,

More information

Longitudinal family-risk studies of dyslexia: why. develop dyslexia and others don t.

Longitudinal family-risk studies of dyslexia: why. develop dyslexia and others don t. The Dyslexia Handbook 2013 69 Aryan van der Leij, Elsje van Bergen and Peter de Jong Longitudinal family-risk studies of dyslexia: why some children develop dyslexia and others don t. Longitudinal family-risk

More information

Learning and Retaining New Vocabularies: The Case of Monolingual and Bilingual Dictionaries

Learning and Retaining New Vocabularies: The Case of Monolingual and Bilingual Dictionaries Learning and Retaining New Vocabularies: The Case of Monolingual and Bilingual Dictionaries Mohsen Mobaraki Assistant Professor, University of Birjand, Iran mmobaraki@birjand.ac.ir *Amin Saed Lecturer,

More information

Speech Recognition at ICSI: Broadcast News and beyond

Speech Recognition at ICSI: Broadcast News and beyond Speech Recognition at ICSI: Broadcast News and beyond Dan Ellis International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley CA Outline 1 2 3 The DARPA Broadcast News task Aspects of ICSI

More information

AND TRANSLATION STUDIES (IJELR)

AND TRANSLATION STUDIES (IJELR) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE, Vol.3.Issue. LITERATURE 1.2016 (Jan-Mar) AND TRANSLATION STUDIES (IJELR) A QUARTERLY, INDEXED, REFEREED AND PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL http://www.ijelr.in

More information

The Pennsylvania State University. The Graduate School. College of the Liberal Arts THE TEACHABILITY HYPOTHESIS AND CONCEPT-BASED INSTRUCTION

The Pennsylvania State University. The Graduate School. College of the Liberal Arts THE TEACHABILITY HYPOTHESIS AND CONCEPT-BASED INSTRUCTION The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts THE TEACHABILITY HYPOTHESIS AND CONCEPT-BASED INSTRUCTION TOPICALIZATION IN CHINESE AS A SECOND LANGUAGE A Dissertation

More information

Functional Discourse Grammar is a functional-typological approach to language that (i) has

Functional Discourse Grammar is a functional-typological approach to language that (i) has FUNCTIONAL DISCOURSE GRAMMAR Kees Hengeveld, J. Lachlan Mackenzie Functional Discourse Grammar is a functional-typological approach to language that (i) has a top-down organization; (ii) takes acts in

More information

Mental Models and the Meaning of Connectives: A Study on Children, Adolescents and Adults

Mental Models and the Meaning of Connectives: A Study on Children, Adolescents and Adults Mental Models and the Meaning of Connectives: A Study on Children, Adolescents and Adults Katiuscia Sacco (sacco@psych.unito.it) Monica Bucciarelli (monica@psych.unito.it) Mauro Adenzato (adenzato@psych.unito.it)

More information

Abstractions and the Brain

Abstractions and the Brain Abstractions and the Brain Brian D. Josephson Department of Physics, University of Cambridge Cavendish Lab. Madingley Road Cambridge, UK. CB3 OHE bdj10@cam.ac.uk http://www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/~bdj10 ABSTRACT

More information

Interactions often promote greater learning, as evidenced by the advantage of working

Interactions often promote greater learning, as evidenced by the advantage of working Citation: Chi, M. T. H., & Menekse, M. (2015). Dialogue patterns that promote learning. In L. B. Resnick, C. Asterhan, & S. N. Clarke (Eds.), Socializing intelligence through academic talk and dialogue

More information

Artemeva, N 2006 Approaches to Leaning Genre: a bibliographical essay. Artemeva & Freedman

Artemeva, N 2006 Approaches to Leaning Genre: a bibliographical essay. Artemeva & Freedman Artemeva, N 2006 Approaches to Leaning Genre: a bibliographical essay. Artemeva & Freedman. 9-99. Artemeva, N & A Freedman [Eds.] 2006 Rhetorical Genre Studies and Beyond. Winnipeg: Inkshed. Bateman, J

More information