The first 50 words: what are their constraints?. In: 24th IALP Congress, Amsterdam august, Program and Abstract Book

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The first 50 words: what are their constraints?. In: 24th IALP Congress, Amsterdam august, Program and Abstract Book"

Transcription

1 1 The first 50 words: what are their constraints?. In: 24 th IALP Congress, Amsterdam august, Program and Abstract Book. Amsterdam: Nijmegen University, 1998, 202. EXAMINING THE FIRST WORDS CONSTRAINTS* Leonor Scliar-Cabral (UFSC/CNPq), Brazil 1. Introduction This paper is particularly addressed to one issue: what are the constraints that govern the form of the children s first lexical items despite the facilities proportioned by Child Directed Speech (CDS)? If the se constraints are determined by the child s biopsychological and linguistic maturity, such as the absence of the internalized phonological and morphosyntactic subsystems of his/her native language, and consequently, by the absence of respective phonoarticulatory schemes which command their gestures, those items will show some common properties: 1) global items for each reference, representing the child s immediate needs; 2) absence of syntactic markers, both free and bound morphemes; 3) predominance of one word at a time ; 4) phonetic fluctuation of the same item; 5) private character of the child s variety; 6) two convergent inputs for the first items: the surrounding utterances to which the child is exposed and his/her productions at the babbling stage. The examples were taken from data video-taped by Giovanni Secco and Elena Nicoladis, collected twice a week, from two children, one a Brazilian Portuguese speaker, from 13 up to 15 months, and the other, an American bilingual English/Portuguese speaker, from 12 up to 14 months. Elena Nicoladis transcribed the English productions and Giovanni Secco the Brazilian Portuguese ones. 2. The first child s utterances Despite epistemological divergences which emphasize one factor or the other, most language acquisition researchers accept the interplay of three determinants of language development in humans: the biopsychological (more recently called innate guided learning, Gould and Marler 1987); the maturational and the

2 2 environmental (which pays attention either to the input characteristics or to the interactions between the child and the others). * A first version was presented at the IALP Child Language Committee, Amsterdam, Equal weight is attributed to the three determinants by the author, although in this paper I will focus on the maturational one. 2.1Global items for each reference representing the child s immediate needs Phonetic fluctuation Extensive research on child s earlier phonetic discrimination empirically proves the preferences towards the acoustic parameters of his/her native language at the price of ignoring the acoustic cues of other sounds to which they were sensitive at birth: these studies appear to indicate a systematic decline in sensitivity to nonnative contrasts between 6 and 12 months of age, Jusczyk 1997, 80-1). However, it does not mean that the child at this age has already systematized the phonetic features of his/her native language, nor the phonotactic rules or the phonetically conditioned allophones, and it certainly does not mean that the child control the vocal gestures to produce them. What is certain is that the child is discovering the principle that a chain of sounds may be linked to a reference, the purpose of which is to meet his/her immediate needs. Three main characteristics arise from the comparison between the Brazilian and the American bilingual child arguing in favor of global (gestalts) schemes commanding the production of the first items: phonetic fluctuation of the same item, a high degree of assimilation in the same item and syllabic reduplication. The last two characteristics share mutual properties and will be discussed together. The first one demonstrates that the contrast among phonological units is not firmly established as the examples bellow show: Brazilian child Adult s Form Meaning American bilingual child Meaning English 1. [mej i u]~[ bi 1. [ n n ~[ n n:]

3 3 ~[ mi u] /bej i u/ kissy ~[ n n banana 2. [nene ne]~[nenene ne] /ne ne/ doll or flower 2. [ t i::]~[ti::]~[di::] cheese 3. [ patu]~[ tatu] / patu/ duck 3. [ m m ~[m Mama 4. [a lo]~[o eo e] /a lo/ Hello 4. [ ]~[ t]~[ t]~[ t] shut Observe the fluctuation of the same item particularly on the area of [+ or nasal] (item 1); place of articulation (item 3) in the Brazilian child. In English, besides the same fluctuation shown in Portuguese, such as [+ or nasal] (items 1 and 3); place of articulation and [+ or voice] (item 2), two remarkable aspects may be noticed: 1) the fluctuations of vowels (1, 3 and 4) and the child s fluctuation of word and syllable structures (1 and 4): item 4 is dramatic, showing the child s attempts. Examples 2 and 4 disconfirm the hypothesis that the preferred initial word structure is the trochaic. Again, the fact that in experimental settings, the child shows preference for listening to sequences with consistent rhythmic patterns and a fixed syllable order (Jusczyk, op.cit.: 97), as the findings of Morgan and Safran (1995) proved, does not mean that the child uses the same patterns while trying to produce his/her first words. Instead, what the data demonstrate is that tying the mental representation of a sound chain to meaning represents a tremendous and new difficulty for the child, who attempts to reach this relationship, using different word and syllabic structures, even some, the gestures of which are very difficult, as can be observed in example 4 of the Brazilian child [o eo e] (variant of [a lo]). Observe that example 4 is the child s attempt to imitate what Brazilian adults usually say at the beginning of a phone call: [a lo a lo], an utterance where the [+vocalic] feature is predominant Phonetic assimilations and reduplications Phonetic assimilation is more frequent to be found in the Portuguese productions. The following features are mentioned: [+nasal] (item 1 of the Brazilian child, [mej i u] ~[ mi u] both preserving place of articulation); [+coronal] (item 3 [ tatu], preserving manner of articulation [- continuous] and [-voice]); vocalic place of articulation [-low, -high] (item 4 [o eo e]). Examples of the American

4 4 child s English productions are 1 [ n n and 3 [ m m ], the last one of partial assimilation. Assimilation provokes partial or total reduplication, a process observed in CDS and in the children s own productions. Reduplication is another evidence that it is easier for the child to maintain the same or neighboring global vocal gesture, which is also evidence, that he/she is not combining isolated segments. The following examples are of total reduplications found in both children: Brazilian child, example 2 and American child, examples 1 and 3 (in one token); examples of partial reduplications: Brazilian child, examples 1, 3 and 4; American child, example3 (in one token). 2. Constraints The main constraints which block a child of producing more complex utterances from the beginning are not of peripheral nature, since at birth, he/she discriminates a large range of categorical acoustic parameters and also produces a large range of sounds. They can be better explained if we consider that very different amounts and areas of cortical activation are involved in structured circuits to account for verbal language processing and for the way lexical items, including regular and irregular verbs, are stored (Jaeger et al. 1996). In addition, infants are not equipped from birth with those ready circuits. As Lecours states (1983,176), the process of brain maturation is expressed by numerous chemical, biological and anatomical changes. An evolutionary prospective (Cosmides, Tooby, 1994:64,5) claims that there are specialized circuits for reasoning and regulatory mechanisms which organize the way we interpret experience, build up knowledge and take decisions, being multi-modular: these specialized circuits develop with growth and are not ready at birth. Special attention must be given to the circuits necessary for: 1) the stable internalization of the self opposed to the other(s) and to the object of knowledge, a condition for establishing the persons of discourse and, in consequence, illocution; 2) grasping grammatical meanings which by definition do not have any concrete

5 5 referential counterpart no matter what their overt manifestation is in different languages: free or bound morphemes and/or word order. The absence of the referred circuits around 12 to 14 months explains why the child is unable to use the persons of discourse and a proposition or sentence: he/she is limited to the space of reference of here and now (hic et nunc). The fact that grammatical morphemes usually are either weak bound segments or clitics only makes the task more difficult. Bibliographic References Cosmides, L. e Tooby, J. Beyond intention and instinct blindness: toward an evolutionarily rigorous cognitive science. Cognition,1994, 50(1-3): Gould,J.L. and Marler, P.(1987) Learning by instinct. Scientific American 256, Jusczyk, P.W. (1997) The discovery of spoken language. Cambridge, London: Bradford and The M.I.T. Press. Jagger, J.J., Lockwood, A. L., Kemmerer, D.L., Van Valin Jr. R.D., Murphy, B.W. and Khalak, H.G. (1996). A positron emissio n tomographic study of regular and irregular verb morphology. Language 72 (3): Lecours, A.R.(1983) Cerebral maturation and language acquisition. In AR. Lecours, F. Lhermitte and B. Bryans (eds.) Aphasiology. London, Baillière Tindall, Morgan, J.L. and Safran, J.R. (1995) Emerging integration of sequentialand suprasegmental information in preverbal speech segmentation. Child Development 66,

Age Effects on Syntactic Control in. Second Language Learning

Age Effects on Syntactic Control in. Second Language Learning Age Effects on Syntactic Control in Second Language Learning Miriam Tullgren Loyola University Chicago Abstract 1 This paper explores the effects of age on second language acquisition in adolescents, ages

More information

Language Development: The Components of Language. How Children Develop. Chapter 6

Language Development: The Components of Language. How Children Develop. Chapter 6 How Children Develop Language Acquisition: Part I Chapter 6 What is language? Creative or generative Structured Referential Species-Specific Units of Language Language Development: The Components of Language

More information

Revisiting the role of prosody in early language acquisition. Megha Sundara UCLA Phonetics Lab

Revisiting the role of prosody in early language acquisition. Megha Sundara UCLA Phonetics Lab Revisiting the role of prosody in early language acquisition Megha Sundara UCLA Phonetics Lab Outline Part I: Intonation has a role in language discrimination Part II: Do English-learning infants have

More information

The Perception of Nasalized Vowels in American English: An Investigation of On-line Use of Vowel Nasalization in Lexical Access

The Perception of Nasalized Vowels in American English: An Investigation of On-line Use of Vowel Nasalization in Lexical Access The Perception of Nasalized Vowels in American English: An Investigation of On-line Use of Vowel Nasalization in Lexical Access Joyce McDonough 1, Heike Lenhert-LeHouiller 1, Neil Bardhan 2 1 Linguistics

More information

Mandarin Lexical Tone Recognition: The Gating Paradigm

Mandarin Lexical Tone Recognition: The Gating Paradigm Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 0 (008), p. 8 Abstract Mandarin Lexical Tone Recognition: The Gating Paradigm Yuwen Lai and Jie Zhang University of Kansas Research on spoken word recognition

More information

Phonological encoding in speech production

Phonological encoding in speech production Phonological encoding in speech production Niels O. Schiller Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

More information

A Minimalist Approach to Code-Switching. In the field of linguistics, the topic of bilingualism is a broad one. There are many

A Minimalist Approach to Code-Switching. In the field of linguistics, the topic of bilingualism is a broad one. There are many Schmidt 1 Eric Schmidt Prof. Suzanne Flynn Linguistic Study of Bilingualism December 13, 2013 A Minimalist Approach to Code-Switching In the field of linguistics, the topic of bilingualism is a broad one.

More information

The Acquisition of Person and Number Morphology Within the Verbal Domain in Early Greek

The Acquisition of Person and Number Morphology Within the Verbal Domain in Early Greek Vol. 4 (2012) 15-25 University of Reading ISSN 2040-3461 LANGUAGE STUDIES WORKING PAPERS Editors: C. Ciarlo and D.S. Giannoni The Acquisition of Person and Number Morphology Within the Verbal Domain in

More information

Evolution of Symbolisation in Chimpanzees and Neural Nets

Evolution of Symbolisation in Chimpanzees and Neural Nets Evolution of Symbolisation in Chimpanzees and Neural Nets Angelo Cangelosi Centre for Neural and Adaptive Systems University of Plymouth (UK) a.cangelosi@plymouth.ac.uk Introduction Animal communication

More information

SCHEMA ACTIVATION IN MEMORY FOR PROSE 1. Michael A. R. Townsend State University of New York at Albany

SCHEMA ACTIVATION IN MEMORY FOR PROSE 1. Michael A. R. Townsend State University of New York at Albany Journal of Reading Behavior 1980, Vol. II, No. 1 SCHEMA ACTIVATION IN MEMORY FOR PROSE 1 Michael A. R. Townsend State University of New York at Albany Abstract. Forty-eight college students listened to

More information

Phonological and Phonetic Representations: The Case of Neutralization

Phonological and Phonetic Representations: The Case of Neutralization Phonological and Phonetic Representations: The Case of Neutralization Allard Jongman University of Kansas 1. Introduction The present paper focuses on the phenomenon of phonological neutralization to consider

More information

English Language and Applied Linguistics. Module Descriptions 2017/18

English Language and Applied Linguistics. Module Descriptions 2017/18 English Language and Applied Linguistics Module Descriptions 2017/18 Level I (i.e. 2 nd Yr.) Modules Please be aware that all modules are subject to availability. If you have any questions about the modules,

More information

Word Stress and Intonation: Introduction

Word Stress and Intonation: Introduction Word Stress and Intonation: Introduction WORD STRESS One or more syllables of a polysyllabic word have greater prominence than the others. Such syllables are said to be accented or stressed. Word stress

More information

Dyslexia/dyslexic, 3, 9, 24, 97, 187, 189, 206, 217, , , 367, , , 397,

Dyslexia/dyslexic, 3, 9, 24, 97, 187, 189, 206, 217, , , 367, , , 397, Adoption studies, 274 275 Alliteration skill, 113, 115, 117 118, 122 123, 128, 136, 138 Alphabetic writing system, 5, 40, 127, 136, 410, 415 Alphabets (types of ) artificial transparent alphabet, 5 German

More information

Intra-talker Variation: Audience Design Factors Affecting Lexical Selections

Intra-talker Variation: Audience Design Factors Affecting Lexical Selections Tyler Perrachione LING 451-0 Proseminar in Sound Structure Prof. A. Bradlow 17 March 2006 Intra-talker Variation: Audience Design Factors Affecting Lexical Selections Abstract Although the acoustic and

More information

Think A F R I C A when assessing speaking. C.E.F.R. Oral Assessment Criteria. Think A F R I C A - 1 -

Think A F R I C A when assessing speaking. C.E.F.R. Oral Assessment Criteria. Think A F R I C A - 1 - C.E.F.R. Oral Assessment Criteria Think A F R I C A - 1 - 1. The extracts in the left hand column are taken from the official descriptors of the CEFR levels. How would you grade them on a scale of low,

More information

SOUND STRUCTURE REPRESENTATION, REPAIR AND WELL-FORMEDNESS: GRAMMAR IN SPOKEN LANGUAGE PRODUCTION. Adam B. Buchwald

SOUND STRUCTURE REPRESENTATION, REPAIR AND WELL-FORMEDNESS: GRAMMAR IN SPOKEN LANGUAGE PRODUCTION. Adam B. Buchwald SOUND STRUCTURE REPRESENTATION, REPAIR AND WELL-FORMEDNESS: GRAMMAR IN SPOKEN LANGUAGE PRODUCTION by Adam B. Buchwald A dissertation submitted to The Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements

More information

Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust: delivering excellence in children and young people s health services

Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust: delivering excellence in children and young people s health services Normal Language Development Community Paediatric Audiology Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust: delivering excellence in children and young people s health services Language develops unconsciously

More information

NAME: East Carolina University PSYC Developmental Psychology Dr. Eppler & Dr. Ironsmith

NAME: East Carolina University PSYC Developmental Psychology Dr. Eppler & Dr. Ironsmith Module 10 1 NAME: East Carolina University PSYC 3206 -- Developmental Psychology Dr. Eppler & Dr. Ironsmith Study Questions for Chapter 10: Language and Education Sigelman & Rider (2009). Life-span human

More information

Program Matrix - Reading English 6-12 (DOE Code 398) University of Florida. Reading

Program Matrix - Reading English 6-12 (DOE Code 398) University of Florida. Reading Program Requirements Competency 1: Foundations of Instruction 60 In-service Hours Teachers will develop substantive understanding of six components of reading as a process: comprehension, oral language,

More information

LEXICAL CATEGORY ACQUISITION VIA NONADJACENT DEPENDENCIES IN CONTEXT: EVIDENCE OF DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES.

LEXICAL CATEGORY ACQUISITION VIA NONADJACENT DEPENDENCIES IN CONTEXT: EVIDENCE OF DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES. LEXICAL CATEGORY ACQUISITION VIA NONADJACENT DEPENDENCIES IN CONTEXT: EVIDENCE OF DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES by Michelle Sandoval A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT

More information

Pobrane z czasopisma New Horizons in English Studies Data: 18/11/ :52:20. New Horizons in English Studies 1/2016

Pobrane z czasopisma New Horizons in English Studies  Data: 18/11/ :52:20. New Horizons in English Studies 1/2016 LANGUAGE Maria Curie-Skłodowska University () in Lublin k.laidler.umcs@gmail.com Online Adaptation of Word-initial Ukrainian CC Consonant Clusters by Native Speakers of English Abstract. The phenomenon

More information

The Effect of Discourse Markers on the Speaking Production of EFL Students. Iman Moradimanesh

The Effect of Discourse Markers on the Speaking Production of EFL Students. Iman Moradimanesh The Effect of Discourse Markers on the Speaking Production of EFL Students Iman Moradimanesh Abstract The research aimed at investigating the relationship between discourse markers (DMs) and a special

More information

Infants learn phonotactic regularities from brief auditory experience

Infants learn phonotactic regularities from brief auditory experience B69 Cognition 87 (2003) B69 B77 www.elsevier.com/locate/cognit Brief article Infants learn phonotactic regularities from brief auditory experience Kyle E. Chambers*, Kristine H. Onishi, Cynthia Fisher

More information

have to be modeled) or isolated words. Output of the system is a grapheme-tophoneme conversion system which takes as its input the spelling of words,

have to be modeled) or isolated words. Output of the system is a grapheme-tophoneme conversion system which takes as its input the spelling of words, A Language-Independent, Data-Oriented Architecture for Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion Walter Daelemans and Antal van den Bosch Proceedings ESCA-IEEE speech synthesis conference, New York, September 1994

More information

Linguistics. Undergraduate. Departmental Honors. Graduate. Faculty. Linguistics 1

Linguistics. Undergraduate. Departmental Honors. Graduate. Faculty. Linguistics 1 Linguistics 1 Linguistics Matthew Gordon, Chair Interdepartmental Program in the College of Arts and Science 223 Tate Hall (573) 882-6421 gordonmj@missouri.edu Kibby Smith, Advisor Office of Multidisciplinary

More information

The Prosodic (Re)organization of Determiners

The Prosodic (Re)organization of Determiners The Prosodic (Re)organization of Determiners Katherine Demuth, Elizabeth McCullough, and Matthew Adamo Brown University 1. Introduction* * Researchers have long known that children variably produce grammatical

More information

Lexical phonology. Marc van Oostendorp. December 6, Until now, we have presented phonological theory as if it is a monolithic

Lexical phonology. Marc van Oostendorp. December 6, Until now, we have presented phonological theory as if it is a monolithic Lexical phonology Marc van Oostendorp December 6, 2005 Background Until now, we have presented phonological theory as if it is a monolithic unit. However, there is evidence that phonology consists of at

More information

The Acquisition of English Grammatical Morphemes: A Case of Iranian EFL Learners

The Acquisition of English Grammatical Morphemes: A Case of Iranian EFL Learners 105 By Fatemeh Behjat & Firooz Sadighi The Acquisition of English Grammatical Morphemes: A Case of Iranian EFL Learners Fatemeh Behjat fb_304@yahoo.com Islamic Azad University, Abadeh Branch, Iran Fatemeh

More information

Learners Use Word-Level Statistics in Phonetic Category Acquisition

Learners Use Word-Level Statistics in Phonetic Category Acquisition Learners Use Word-Level Statistics in Phonetic Category Acquisition Naomi Feldman, Emily Myers, Katherine White, Thomas Griffiths, and James Morgan 1. Introduction * One of the first challenges that language

More information

Language Acquisition by Identical vs. Fraternal SLI Twins * Karin Stromswold & Jay I. Rifkin

Language Acquisition by Identical vs. Fraternal SLI Twins * Karin Stromswold & Jay I. Rifkin Stromswold & Rifkin, Language Acquisition by MZ & DZ SLI Twins (SRCLD, 1996) 1 Language Acquisition by Identical vs. Fraternal SLI Twins * Karin Stromswold & Jay I. Rifkin Dept. of Psychology & Ctr. for

More information

To appear in The TESOL encyclopedia of ELT (Wiley-Blackwell) 1 RECASTING. Kazuya Saito. Birkbeck, University of London

To appear in The TESOL encyclopedia of ELT (Wiley-Blackwell) 1 RECASTING. Kazuya Saito. Birkbeck, University of London To appear in The TESOL encyclopedia of ELT (Wiley-Blackwell) 1 RECASTING Kazuya Saito Birkbeck, University of London Abstract Among the many corrective feedback techniques at ESL/EFL teachers' disposal,

More information

Approaches to control phenomena handout Obligatory control and morphological case: Icelandic and Basque

Approaches to control phenomena handout Obligatory control and morphological case: Icelandic and Basque Approaches to control phenomena handout 6 5.4 Obligatory control and morphological case: Icelandic and Basque Icelandinc quirky case (displaying properties of both structural and inherent case: lexically

More information

Language Acquisition Fall 2010/Winter Lexical Categories. Afra Alishahi, Heiner Drenhaus

Language Acquisition Fall 2010/Winter Lexical Categories. Afra Alishahi, Heiner Drenhaus Language Acquisition Fall 2010/Winter 2011 Lexical Categories Afra Alishahi, Heiner Drenhaus Computational Linguistics and Phonetics Saarland University Children s Sensitivity to Lexical Categories Look,

More information

Acquiring verb agreement in HKSL: Optional or obligatory?

Acquiring verb agreement in HKSL: Optional or obligatory? Sign Languages: spinning and unraveling the past, present and future. TISLR9, forty five papers and three posters from the 9th. Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research Conference, Florianopolis, Brazil,

More information

Possessive have and (have) got in New Zealand English Heidi Quinn, University of Canterbury, New Zealand

Possessive have and (have) got in New Zealand English Heidi Quinn, University of Canterbury, New Zealand 1 Introduction Possessive have and (have) got in New Zealand English Heidi Quinn, University of Canterbury, New Zealand heidi.quinn@canterbury.ac.nz NWAV 33, Ann Arbor 1 October 24 This paper looks at

More information

CEFR Overall Illustrative English Proficiency Scales

CEFR Overall Illustrative English Proficiency Scales CEFR Overall Illustrative English Proficiency s CEFR CEFR OVERALL ORAL PRODUCTION Has a good command of idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms with awareness of connotative levels of meaning. Can convey

More information

Philosophy of Literacy Education. Becoming literate is a complex step by step process that begins at birth. The National

Philosophy of Literacy Education. Becoming literate is a complex step by step process that begins at birth. The National Philosophy of Literacy Education Becoming literate is a complex step by step process that begins at birth. The National Association for Young Children explains, Even in the first few months of life, children

More information

Guidelines for blind and partially sighted candidates

Guidelines for blind and partially sighted candidates Revised August 2006 Guidelines for blind and partially sighted candidates Our policy In addition to the specific provisions described below, we are happy to consider each person individually if their needs

More information

FOREWORD.. 5 THE PROPER RUSSIAN PRONUNCIATION. 8. УРОК (Unit) УРОК (Unit) УРОК (Unit) УРОК (Unit) 4 80.

FOREWORD.. 5 THE PROPER RUSSIAN PRONUNCIATION. 8. УРОК (Unit) УРОК (Unit) УРОК (Unit) УРОК (Unit) 4 80. CONTENTS FOREWORD.. 5 THE PROPER RUSSIAN PRONUNCIATION. 8 УРОК (Unit) 1 25 1.1. QUESTIONS WITH КТО AND ЧТО 27 1.2. GENDER OF NOUNS 29 1.3. PERSONAL PRONOUNS 31 УРОК (Unit) 2 38 2.1. PRESENT TENSE OF THE

More information

Describing Motion Events in Adult L2 Spanish Narratives

Describing Motion Events in Adult L2 Spanish Narratives Describing Motion Events in Adult L2 Spanish Narratives Samuel Navarro and Elena Nicoladis University of Alberta 1. Introduction When learning a second language (L2), learners are faced with the challenge

More information

1 st Quarter (September, October, November) August/September Strand Topic Standard Notes Reading for Literature

1 st Quarter (September, October, November) August/September Strand Topic Standard Notes Reading for Literature 1 st Grade Curriculum Map Common Core Standards Language Arts 2013 2014 1 st Quarter (September, October, November) August/September Strand Topic Standard Notes Reading for Literature Key Ideas and Details

More information

Florida Reading Endorsement Alignment Matrix Competency 1

Florida Reading Endorsement Alignment Matrix Competency 1 Florida Reading Endorsement Alignment Matrix Competency 1 Reading Endorsement Guiding Principle: Teachers will understand and teach reading as an ongoing strategic process resulting in students comprehending

More information

Laporan Penelitian Unggulan Prodi

Laporan Penelitian Unggulan Prodi Nama Rumpun Ilmu : Ilmu Sosial Laporan Penelitian Unggulan Prodi THE ROLE OF BAHASA INDONESIA IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AT THE LANGUAGE TRAINING CENTER UMY Oleh: Dedi Suryadi, M.Ed. Ph.D NIDN : 0504047102

More information

Different Task Type and the Perception of the English Interdental Fricatives

Different Task Type and the Perception of the English Interdental Fricatives Different Task Type and the Perception of the English Interdental Fricatives Mara Silvia Reis, Denise Cristina Kluge, Melissa Bettoni-Techio Federal University of Santa Catarina marasreis@hotmail.com,

More information

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages p. 58 to p. 82

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages p. 58 to p. 82 The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages p. 58 to p. 82 -- Chapter 4 Language use and language user/learner in 4.1 «Communicative language activities and strategies» -- Oral Production

More information

Concept Acquisition Without Representation William Dylan Sabo

Concept Acquisition Without Representation William Dylan Sabo Concept Acquisition Without Representation William Dylan Sabo Abstract: Contemporary debates in concept acquisition presuppose that cognizers can only acquire concepts on the basis of concepts they already

More information

Improved Effects of Word-Retrieval Treatments Subsequent to Addition of the Orthographic Form

Improved Effects of Word-Retrieval Treatments Subsequent to Addition of the Orthographic Form Orthographic Form 1 Improved Effects of Word-Retrieval Treatments Subsequent to Addition of the Orthographic Form The development and testing of word-retrieval treatments for aphasia has generally focused

More information

LING 329 : MORPHOLOGY

LING 329 : MORPHOLOGY LING 329 : MORPHOLOGY TTh 10:30 11:50 AM, Physics 121 Course Syllabus Spring 2013 Matt Pearson Office: Vollum 313 Email: pearsonm@reed.edu Phone: 7618 (off campus: 503-517-7618) Office hrs: Mon 1:30 2:30,

More information

Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes in Pak-Pak Language

Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes in Pak-Pak Language Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes in Pak-Pak Language Agustina Situmorang and Tima Mariany Arifin ABSTRACT The objectives of this study are to find out the derivational and inflectional morphemes

More information

The Strong Minimalist Thesis and Bounded Optimality

The Strong Minimalist Thesis and Bounded Optimality The Strong Minimalist Thesis and Bounded Optimality DRAFT-IN-PROGRESS; SEND COMMENTS TO RICKL@UMICH.EDU Richard L. Lewis Department of Psychology University of Michigan 27 March 2010 1 Purpose of this

More information

Generative Second Language Acquisition & Foreign Language Teaching Winter 2009

Generative Second Language Acquisition & Foreign Language Teaching Winter 2009 Generative Second Language Acquisition & Foreign Language Teaching Winter 2009 Instructor: Tiffany Judy Course Content: Generative Second Language Acquisition (GSLA): This course will present a brief overview

More information

November 2012 MUET (800)

November 2012 MUET (800) November 2012 MUET (800) OVERALL PERFORMANCE A total of 75 589 candidates took the November 2012 MUET. The performance of candidates for each paper, 800/1 Listening, 800/2 Speaking, 800/3 Reading and 800/4

More information

Universal contrastive analysis as a learning principle in CAPT

Universal contrastive analysis as a learning principle in CAPT Universal contrastive analysis as a learning principle in CAPT Jacques Koreman, Preben Wik, Olaf Husby, Egil Albertsen Department of Language and Communication Studies, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway jacques.koreman@ntnu.no,

More information

Rhythm-typology revisited.

Rhythm-typology revisited. DFG Project BA 737/1: "Cross-language and individual differences in the production and perception of syllabic prominence. Rhythm-typology revisited." Rhythm-typology revisited. B. Andreeva & W. Barry Jacques

More information

EDUCATING TEACHERS FOR CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY: A MODEL FOR ALL TEACHERS

EDUCATING TEACHERS FOR CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY: A MODEL FOR ALL TEACHERS New York State Association for Bilingual Education Journal v9 p1-6, Summer 1994 EDUCATING TEACHERS FOR CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY: A MODEL FOR ALL TEACHERS JoAnn Parla Abstract: Given changing demographics,

More information

An Introduction to the Minimalist Program

An Introduction to the Minimalist Program An Introduction to the Minimalist Program Luke Smith University of Arizona Summer 2016 Some findings of traditional syntax Human languages vary greatly, but digging deeper, they all have distinct commonalities:

More information

LISTENING STRATEGIES AWARENESS: A DIARY STUDY IN A LISTENING COMPREHENSION CLASSROOM

LISTENING STRATEGIES AWARENESS: A DIARY STUDY IN A LISTENING COMPREHENSION CLASSROOM LISTENING STRATEGIES AWARENESS: A DIARY STUDY IN A LISTENING COMPREHENSION CLASSROOM Frances L. Sinanu Victoria Usadya Palupi Antonina Anggraini S. Gita Hastuti Faculty of Language and Literature Satya

More information

Abstractions and the Brain

Abstractions and the Brain Abstractions and the Brain Brian D. Josephson Department of Physics, University of Cambridge Cavendish Lab. Madingley Road Cambridge, UK. CB3 OHE bdj10@cam.ac.uk http://www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/~bdj10 ABSTRACT

More information

Joan Bybee, Phonology and Language Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001,

Joan Bybee, Phonology and Language Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, Reflections on usage-based phonology Review article of Joan Bybee, Phonology and Language Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, xviii + 238 p. Geert Booij (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) The

More information

Learning Methods in Multilingual Speech Recognition

Learning Methods in Multilingual Speech Recognition Learning Methods in Multilingual Speech Recognition Hui Lin Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle, WA 98125 linhui@u.washington.edu Li Deng, Jasha Droppo, Dong Yu, and Alex

More information

ENGBG1 ENGBL1 Campus Linguistics. Meeting 2. Chapter 7 (Morphology) and chapter 9 (Syntax) Pia Sundqvist

ENGBG1 ENGBL1 Campus Linguistics. Meeting 2. Chapter 7 (Morphology) and chapter 9 (Syntax) Pia Sundqvist Meeting 2 Chapter 7 (Morphology) and chapter 9 (Syntax) Today s agenda Repetition of meeting 1 Mini-lecture on morphology Seminar on chapter 7, worksheet Mini-lecture on syntax Seminar on chapter 9, worksheet

More information

Degeneracy results in canalisation of language structure: A computational model of word learning

Degeneracy results in canalisation of language structure: A computational model of word learning Degeneracy results in canalisation of language structure: A computational model of word learning Padraic Monaghan (p.monaghan@lancaster.ac.uk) Department of Psychology, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1

More information

SEGMENTAL FEATURES IN SPONTANEOUS AND READ-ALOUD FINNISH

SEGMENTAL FEATURES IN SPONTANEOUS AND READ-ALOUD FINNISH SEGMENTAL FEATURES IN SPONTANEOUS AND READ-ALOUD FINNISH Mietta Lennes Most of the phonetic knowledge that is currently available on spoken Finnish is based on clearly pronounced speech: either readaloud

More information

CLASSIFICATION OF PROGRAM Critical Elements Analysis 1. High Priority Items Phonemic Awareness Instruction

CLASSIFICATION OF PROGRAM Critical Elements Analysis 1. High Priority Items Phonemic Awareness Instruction CLASSIFICATION OF PROGRAM Critical Elements Analysis 1 Program Name: Macmillan/McGraw Hill Reading 2003 Date of Publication: 2003 Publisher: Macmillan/McGraw Hill Reviewer Code: 1. X The program meets

More information

The analysis starts with the phonetic vowel and consonant charts based on the dataset:

The analysis starts with the phonetic vowel and consonant charts based on the dataset: Ling 113 Homework 5: Hebrew Kelli Wiseth February 13, 2014 The analysis starts with the phonetic vowel and consonant charts based on the dataset: a) Given that the underlying representation for all verb

More information

Jacqueline C. Kowtko, Patti J. Price Speech Research Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025

Jacqueline C. Kowtko, Patti J. Price Speech Research Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025 DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS IN THE AIR TRAVEL PLANNING DOMAIN Jacqueline C. Kowtko, Patti J. Price Speech Research Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025 ABSTRACT We have collected, transcribed

More information

Introduction to the Common European Framework (CEF)

Introduction to the Common European Framework (CEF) Introduction to the Common European Framework (CEF) The Common European Framework is a common reference for describing language learning, teaching, and assessment. In order to facilitate both teaching

More information

Phonological Processing for Urdu Text to Speech System

Phonological Processing for Urdu Text to Speech System Phonological Processing for Urdu Text to Speech System Sarmad Hussain Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, B Block, Faisal Town, Lahore,

More information

CELTA. Syllabus and Assessment Guidelines. Third Edition. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations 1 Hills Road Cambridge CB1 2EU United Kingdom

CELTA. Syllabus and Assessment Guidelines. Third Edition. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations 1 Hills Road Cambridge CB1 2EU United Kingdom CELTA Syllabus and Assessment Guidelines Third Edition CELTA (Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) is accredited by Ofqual (the regulator of qualifications, examinations and

More information

Journal of Phonetics

Journal of Phonetics Journal of Phonetics 40 (2012) 595 607 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Phonetics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/phonetics How linguistic and probabilistic properties

More information

The Oregon Literacy Framework of September 2009 as it Applies to grades K-3

The Oregon Literacy Framework of September 2009 as it Applies to grades K-3 The Oregon Literacy Framework of September 2009 as it Applies to grades K-3 The State Board adopted the Oregon K-12 Literacy Framework (December 2009) as guidance for the State, districts, and schools

More information

Beyond constructions:

Beyond constructions: 2 nd NTU Workshop on Discourse and Grammar in Formosan Languages National Taiwan University, 1 June 2013 Beyond constructions: Takivatan Bunun predicate-argument structure, grammatical coherence, and the

More information

Program in Linguistics. Academic Year Assessment Report

Program in Linguistics. Academic Year Assessment Report Office of the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs Program in Linguistics Academic Year 2014-15 Assessment Report All areas shaded in gray are to be completed by the department/program. ISSION

More information

DOWNSTEP IN SUPYIRE* Robert Carlson Societe Internationale de Linguistique, Mali

DOWNSTEP IN SUPYIRE* Robert Carlson Societe Internationale de Linguistique, Mali Studies in African inguistics Volume 4 Number April 983 DOWNSTEP IN SUPYIRE* Robert Carlson Societe Internationale de inguistique ali Downstep in the vast majority of cases can be traced to the influence

More information

2,1 .,,, , %, ,,,,,,. . %., Butterworth,)?.(1989; Levelt, 1989; Levelt et al., 1991; Levelt, Roelofs & Meyer, 1999

2,1 .,,, , %, ,,,,,,. . %., Butterworth,)?.(1989; Levelt, 1989; Levelt et al., 1991; Levelt, Roelofs & Meyer, 1999 23-47 57 (2006)? : 1 21 2 1 : ( ) $ % 24 ( ) 200 ( ) ) ( % : % % % Butterworth)? (1989; Levelt 1989; Levelt et al 1991; Levelt Roelofs & Meyer 1999 () " 2 ) ( ) ( Brown & McNeill 1966; Morton 1969 1979;

More information

The phonological grammar is probabilistic: New evidence pitting abstract representation against analogy

The phonological grammar is probabilistic: New evidence pitting abstract representation against analogy The phonological grammar is probabilistic: New evidence pitting abstract representation against analogy university October 9, 2015 1/34 Introduction Speakers extend probabilistic trends in their lexicons

More information

Language Acquisition Chart

Language Acquisition Chart Language Acquisition Chart This chart was designed to help teachers better understand the process of second language acquisition. Please use this chart as a resource for learning more about the way people

More information

Sample Goals and Benchmarks

Sample Goals and Benchmarks Sample Goals and Benchmarks for Students with Hearing Loss In this document, you will find examples of potential goals and benchmarks for each area. Please note that these are just examples. You should

More information

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 146 ( 2014 )

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 146 ( 2014 ) Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 146 ( 2014 ) 456 460 Third Annual International Conference «Early Childhood Care and Education» Different

More information

STAFF DEVELOPMENT in SPECIAL EDUCATION

STAFF DEVELOPMENT in SPECIAL EDUCATION STAFF DEVELOPMENT in SPECIAL EDUCATION Factors Affecting Curriculum for Students with Special Needs AASEP s Staff Development Course FACTORS AFFECTING CURRICULUM Copyright AASEP (2006) 1 of 10 After taking

More information

BABBLING STAGE CONSTRUCTION OF CHILDREN S LANGUAGE ACQUISITION ON RURAL AREA LAMPUNG

BABBLING STAGE CONSTRUCTION OF CHILDREN S LANGUAGE ACQUISITION ON RURAL AREA LAMPUNG Jurnal SMART, olume, 3 No 2 (2017), Page. 152-164 ISSN Cetak : 2356-2048 ISSN Online : 2356-203X DOI: https://doi.org/10.26638//472.203x BABBLING STAGE CONSTRUCTION OF CHILDREN S LANGUAGE ACQUISITION ON

More information

Kyria Finardi (UFES) Felipe Guimarães (UFES)

Kyria Finardi (UFES) Felipe Guimarães (UFES) Kyria Finardi (UFES) kyria.finardi@gmail.com Felipe Guimarães (UFES) felipe.guimaraes@ufes.br Hello, Salut, Hallo, Ciao! Introduction General Belief: Brazil as a Multicultural & Monolingual Country but

More information

Figuration & Frequency: A Usage-Based Approach to Metaphor

Figuration & Frequency: A Usage-Based Approach to Metaphor University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Linguistics ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-1-2010 Figuration & Frequency: A Usage-Based Approach to Metaphor Daniel Sanford Follow this and additional

More information

Reading Horizons. A Look At Linguistic Readers. Nicholas P. Criscuolo APRIL Volume 10, Issue Article 5

Reading Horizons. A Look At Linguistic Readers. Nicholas P. Criscuolo APRIL Volume 10, Issue Article 5 Reading Horizons Volume 10, Issue 3 1970 Article 5 APRIL 1970 A Look At Linguistic Readers Nicholas P. Criscuolo New Haven, Connecticut Public Schools Copyright c 1970 by the authors. Reading Horizons

More information

The Learning Tree Workshop: Organizing Actions and Ideas, Pt I

The Learning Tree Workshop: Organizing Actions and Ideas, Pt I The Learning Tree Workshop: Organizing Actions and Ideas, Pt I Series on Learning Differences, Learning Challenges, and Learning Strengths Challenges with Sequencing Ideas Executive functioning problems

More information

Correspondence between the DRDP (2015) and the California Preschool Learning Foundations. Foundations (PLF) in Language and Literacy

Correspondence between the DRDP (2015) and the California Preschool Learning Foundations. Foundations (PLF) in Language and Literacy 1 Desired Results Developmental Profile (2015) [DRDP (2015)] Correspondence to California Foundations: Language and Development (LLD) and the Foundations (PLF) The Language and Development (LLD) domain

More information

Acoustic correlates of stress and their use in diagnosing syllable fusion in Tongan. James White & Marc Garellek UCLA

Acoustic correlates of stress and their use in diagnosing syllable fusion in Tongan. James White & Marc Garellek UCLA Acoustic correlates of stress and their use in diagnosing syllable fusion in Tongan James White & Marc Garellek UCLA 1 Introduction Goals: To determine the acoustic correlates of primary and secondary

More information

1. REFLEXES: Ask questions about coughing, swallowing, of water as fast as possible (note! Not suitable for all

1. REFLEXES: Ask questions about coughing, swallowing, of water as fast as possible (note! Not suitable for all Human Communication Science Chandler House, 2 Wakefield Street London WC1N 1PF http://www.hcs.ucl.ac.uk/ ACOUSTICS OF SPEECH INTELLIGIBILITY IN DYSARTHRIA EUROPEAN MASTER S S IN CLINICAL LINGUISTICS UNIVERSITY

More information

LEXICAL COHESION ANALYSIS OF THE ARTICLE WHAT IS A GOOD RESEARCH PROJECT? BY BRIAN PALTRIDGE A JOURNAL ARTICLE

LEXICAL COHESION ANALYSIS OF THE ARTICLE WHAT IS A GOOD RESEARCH PROJECT? BY BRIAN PALTRIDGE A JOURNAL ARTICLE LEXICAL COHESION ANALYSIS OF THE ARTICLE WHAT IS A GOOD RESEARCH PROJECT? BY BRIAN PALTRIDGE A JOURNAL ARTICLE Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S.)

More information

5. UPPER INTERMEDIATE

5. UPPER INTERMEDIATE Triolearn General Programmes adapt the standards and the Qualifications of Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and Cambridge ESOL. It is designed to be compatible to the local and the regional

More information

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 143 ( 2014 ) CY-ICER Teacher intervention in the process of L2 writing acquisition

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 143 ( 2014 ) CY-ICER Teacher intervention in the process of L2 writing acquisition Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 143 ( 2014 ) 238 242 CY-ICER 2014 Teacher intervention in the process of L2 writing acquisition Blanka

More information

Using computational modeling in language acquisition research

Using computational modeling in language acquisition research Chapter 8 Using computational modeling in language acquisition research Lisa Pearl 1. Introduction Language acquisition research is often concerned with questions of what, when, and how what children know,

More information

SARDNET: A Self-Organizing Feature Map for Sequences

SARDNET: A Self-Organizing Feature Map for Sequences SARDNET: A Self-Organizing Feature Map for Sequences Daniel L. James and Risto Miikkulainen Department of Computer Sciences The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX 78712 dljames,risto~cs.utexas.edu

More information

ELA/ELD Standards Correlation Matrix for ELD Materials Grade 1 Reading

ELA/ELD Standards Correlation Matrix for ELD Materials Grade 1 Reading ELA/ELD Correlation Matrix for ELD Materials Grade 1 Reading The English Language Arts (ELA) required for the one hour of English-Language Development (ELD) Materials are listed in Appendix 9-A, Matrix

More information

Books Effective Literacy Y5-8 Learning Through Talk Y4-8 Switch onto Spelling Spelling Under Scrutiny

Books Effective Literacy Y5-8 Learning Through Talk Y4-8 Switch onto Spelling Spelling Under Scrutiny By the End of Year 8 All Essential words lists 1-7 290 words Commonly Misspelt Words-55 working out more complex, irregular, and/or ambiguous words by using strategies such as inferring the unknown from

More information

Demonstration of problems of lexical stress on the pronunciation Turkish English teachers and teacher trainees by computer

Demonstration of problems of lexical stress on the pronunciation Turkish English teachers and teacher trainees by computer Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46 ( 2012 ) 3011 3016 WCES 2012 Demonstration of problems of lexical stress on the pronunciation Turkish English teachers

More information

Parsing of part-of-speech tagged Assamese Texts

Parsing of part-of-speech tagged Assamese Texts IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2009 ISSN (Online): 1694-0784 ISSN (Print): 1694-0814 28 Parsing of part-of-speech tagged Assamese Texts Mirzanur Rahman 1, Sufal

More information

Training Staff with Varying Abilities and Special Needs

Training Staff with Varying Abilities and Special Needs Training Staff with Varying Abilities and Special Needs by Randy Boardman and Renée Fucilla In your role as a Nonviolent Crisis Intervention Certified Instructor, it is likely that at some point you will

More information

Fort Lewis College Institutional Review Board Application to Use Human Subjects in Research

Fort Lewis College Institutional Review Board Application to Use Human Subjects in Research Fort Lewis College Institutional Review Board Application to Use Human Subjects in Research Submit this application by email attachment to IRB@fortlewis.edu I believe this research qualifies for a Full

More information