Chapter 9 Using Verbs. Rule A verb for principal parts: the present, the present participle, the past and the past participle.

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1 9.1 The Four Principle Parts of Verbs Rule A verb for principal parts: the present, the present participle, the past and the past participle. The Four Principle Parts of Talk > talk > The students talk in the hallway. Participle > (am) talking > I am talking now. > talked > I talked to the students about cheating. Participle > have talked > I have talked about the American Revolution today. Rule The past and past participle of a regular verb are formed by adding ed or d to the present form. Rule The past and past participle of an irregular verb are not formed by adding ed or d to the present form. A few examples: Participle Participle hold (am) holding held (have) held lay (am) laying laid (have) laid sit (am) sitting sat (have) sat teach (am) teaching taught (have) taught 9.2 The Six Tenses of Verbs Rule The tense of a verb shows the time of the action ot state of being. Tenses can be basic or progressive. Basic Forms of the Six Tenses of Begin Tense Basic Principal Part I begin. I began. I will begin. Perfect I have begun. Participle I had begun. Participle I will have begun. Participle

2 Rule A conjugation of a list of the singular and plural forms of a verb in a particular tense. Conjugation of the Basic Forms of Go Tense Singular Plural Perfect I go. You go. He, she or it goes. I went. You went. He, she or it went. I will go. You will go. He, she or it will go. I have gone. He, she or it have gone. I had gone. You had gone. He, she or it had gone. I will have gone. You will have gone. He, she or it will have gone. We go. You go. They go. We went. You went. They went. We have gone. They have gone. We have gone. They have gone. We had gone. You had gone. They had gone. We will have gone. You will have gone. They will have gone. Conjugating Be Principal Parts of Be Participle Participle be being was been Conjugation of the Basic Forms of Be Tense Singular Plural I am. You are. He, she or it is. I was. You were. He, she or it was. I will be. You will be. He, she or it will be. We are. You are. They are. We were. You were. They were. We will be. You will be. They will be.

3 Perfect I have been. You have been. He, she or it have been. I had been. You had been. He, she or it had been. I will have been. You will have been. He, she or it will have been. We have been. You have been. They have been. We had been. You had been. They had been. We will have been. You will have been. They will have been. Rule The progressive tense or form of a verb shows an action or condition that is ongoing. Progressive Tense = Form of Be + Participle Progressive Tenses of Shop Tense Example Perfect I am shopping. I was shopping. I will be shopping. I have been shopping. I had been shopping. I will have been shopping. Rule To conjugate the progressive forms of a verb, add the present participle of the verb to a conjugation of the basic forms of be. Conjugation of Progressive Tense = Conjugation of the Basic Forms of be + Participle Rule The voice of a verb shows whether or not the subject is performing the action. Rule A verbs is in the active voice when its subject performs the action. Example: Michael plays the saxaphone. Rule A verb is in the passive voice when its subject does not perform the action.

4 Example: The saxaphone is being played by Michael. Rule A passive voice is always a verb phrase made from a form of be plus a past participle. Passive Verb = Form of Be + Participle Conjugation of the Passive Forms of Deliver Tense Passive Form Perfect It is delivered. It was delivered. It will be delivered. It has been delivered. It had been delivered. It will have been delivered. Rule Use the active voice whenever possible. Example: Active: Students conducted a taste test. Passive: A taste test was conducted by the students. Rule Use the passive voice to emphasize the receiver of an action rather than the performer of an action. Example: The candidate was supported by the voters. Rule Use the passive voice to point out the receiver of an action when the performer is unknown or not named in the sentence. Example: The books were ordered sometime last year. Rule There are three moods for English verbs: the indicative mood, the subjunctive mood and the imperative mood. Mood Indictive Used for... States somthing or questions. Example: The Seventh grade is my homeroom. Subjunctive Describes a wish or condition contrary to fact. Example: I wish the Sixth grade was my homeroom. Imperative Request or command always in the present tense

5 Example: Watch out the floor is wet!