Intonational variation in the British Isles
|
|
- Bruce Pierce
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Intonational variation in the British Isles Introduction and background Esther Grabe Phonetics Laboratory University of Oxford Intonation varies with dialect. in the British Isles, we find a number of different intonation systems. The same utterance, spoken with exactly the same intention, can have different intonation patterns in different dialects. Dialect intonation in the British Isles has been investigated extensively. But in the past, limitations on recording facilities have made multiple comparisons of dialects difficult. Studies have been mono-dialectal, data not comparable. Studies rarely quantitative. Intonational variation in the British Isles ESRC funded research project Cambridge and Oxford (Grabe, Nolan, Post) Quantitative modelling of intonational variation in the British Isles ESRC funded research project Oxford (Grabe, Kochanski, Coleman)
2 Aims Outputs to collect a corpus of speech data from a number of English dialects, to collect directly comparable data, to carry out linguistic and quantitative analyses. The IViE Corpus. An intonation transcription system. Descriptive publications. The IViE corpus Speech database intended to give a flavour of intonational variation. Designed to illustrate some of the effects of dialect, style, speaker and gender. 36 hours of speech, available on the internet, free. Seven urban dialects London ( Jamaican ) Cambridge Leeds Bradford (Punjabi) Newcastle Belfast Dublin Five speaking styles Sentences Read text Retold text Map task Free conversation Twelve speakers from each dialect, six male and six female. 6 years of age, attended same secondary school, parents born in area. Four hours of speech transcribed: words, prominent syllables, intonation. Samples transcribed from each of the five styles. ~ 7200 intonation phrases. ~ 4400 accents. Subsection on the internet. 2
3 Main within-dialect finding Analysis of transcriptions Considerable variation within and across speakers. On identical texts and in identical contexts, speakers produce a range of contours. Main between-dialect finding Differences involve usage and frequency of contours rather than specific contour shapes. Transcriptions Two-tone using H, L, *, %, H = pitch maximum, L = pitch minimum, Distributions overlapped across dialects and speakers. * = stressed syllable, % means end of intonation phrase. Example Nuclear Accent distribution in Wh-Questions Graph showing distribution of nuclear accents in wh-questions produced on identical texts, L*H % in identical tasks, Bradford Dublin Bradford by speaker groups controlled for Cambridge L* H% dialect, age and peer-group. H*L % H* H% Belfast Belfast Newcastle London Leeds L*H H% H*L H% 3
4 Next slide Distribution of all nuclear accents in the IViE sentence data. Data in following table simplified Various sentence types, 74 sentences. Distributions of accent shapes within and between dialects overlap. over 0% over 40% over 80% accent accounts for more than 0% of total accent accounts for more than 40% of total accent accounts for more than 80% of total over 0% over 40% over 80% Current project London Cambr. Bradf. Leeds Newcast. Belfast Dublin H*L % H*L H% Quantitative modelling of intonational variation in the British Isles H* H% L*H % L*H H% L*H L% Exploiting the transcriptions. Mapping between transcription and acoustics. L* H% Remainder of the talk Mapping between transcriptions and acoustics. Computational-mathematical modelling of f 0 patterns associated with nuclear accents. The question The linguistic transcriptions allege that there are 7 different nuclear accents in the IViE data. Is there quantitative support for this assertion? 4
5 Materials 74 read sentences; context-free. Experimental investigation Four sentence types: declaratives, wh-questions, yes/no questions, declarative questions. Six male and six female speakers from each dialect. Nuclear accent label Stylisation Description following the British tradition Distribution of nuclear accents in the sentences Accents Tokens. H*L % 2. H*L H% 3. H* H% 4. L*H % 5. L*H H% Fall Fall-rise High rise Rise-plateau Rise H*L % L*H % H*L H% L*H H% H* H% L* H% fall rise-plateau fall-rise rise high rise late rise L* H% Late rise L*H L% rise-plateau-fall 9 7. L*H L% Rise-plateau-fall NB: collapsed over dialects 70 The question Polynomial modelling Can we find quantitative support for the existence of 7 different nuclear accents? Common mathematical approach to the description of curves. Method Models produce a hierarchy of descriptions of increasing complexity and accuracy. Orthogonal-polynomial modelling of f 0 contours associated with nuclear accents. 5
6 First step in the combination of polynomial equations and linguistic descriptions of prosody: Andruski and Costello (2004). Explored small differences in f 0 contours of three low falling tones in Green Mong. Green Mong has seven tones, three are quite similar in shape: low falling but differ in phonation type. Andruski and Costello asked: could f0 contour shape alone be used to identify the tones? (Language spoken in South-East Asia in the region surrounding the Southern Chinese border.) Used polynomial equations to generate quantitative descriptions of the slope and the shape of the curvature of the three tones. Subsequent statistical analyses: Introduction to polynomial modelling the three tones can be discriminated above chance level on the basis of slope and shape. Orthogonal polynomials Mathematical functions that describe curves of increasing complexity. Polynomial Mathematical expression involving a sum of powers in one or more variables multiplied by constants. a 2 x 2 + a x + a 0 6
7 Orthogonal Each term of the equation describes one aspect of the wiggliness of the curve. P 0 P Legendre polynomials P 2 P 3 Type of orthogonal function used, referred to by the letter P. Every data point is treated equally. P 4 P 5.00 Added together, Legendre Polynomials can model contour shapes such as f 0 traces. Normalised frequency He is on the lilo -.00 Normalised time.00 Original The model reduces the complexity of the f 0 contour to six coefficients Many contours require fewer coefficients. Model P add 0 P Contours appear to be very complex but mathematically, they are relatively simple
8 Analysis was carried out with a set of custom-written computer scripts. Our analysis Description of analysis and instructions for how to carry out modelling in MS Excel: Grabe, Kochanski and Coleman (accepted, Language and Speech) We used polynomial equations to describe. the average and 2. the slope of each f 0 contour, and two kinds of curvature. a parabola shape and 2. a wave shape. Each of the 70 nuclear accents was modelled separately. Results shown are averages for each accent types. Example: results for two rising accents H* H% L*H H% Results c c 0 c c 2 c 3 c 0 c c 2 c 3 average slope parabola wave 8
9 H* H% H*L % H*L H% L*H L% L*H % L* H% L*H H% Question Are the polynomial models associated with each of the seven accents statistically different? MANOVA Dependent variables AVERAGE (c 0 ) SLOPE (c ) PARABOLA (c 2 ) WAVE (c 3 ) Independent variable NUCLEAR ACCENT TYPE highly significant AVERAGE p < 0.00 SLOPE p < 0.00 PARABOLA p < 0.00 WAVE p < 0.00 NUCLEAR ACCENT TYPE Post-hoc tests (Tukey) 7 of the 2 accent pairs highly significantly different in one or more coefficients. A further two pairs differed at at p <. The late rise L* H% (London ) did not differ significantly from L*H % (rise plateau, especially Belfast ) and L*H H% (rise, all dialects ). 9
10 The analysis also showed: three coefficients would have been sufficient to distinguish between the nuclear accents. Finally, we reconstructed average f 0 patterns for each accent shape, using the coefficients. We found significant differences between contours in the fourth, but the information was redundant. The reconstructed f 0 models summarise the salient characteristics of each accent type. Superimposed: one original, normalised f 0 trace from the corpus. Traces show: the polynomial models despite being an average are representative of the data. H*L,% H*,H% H* H% - + H*L,H% L*H,L% H*L % H*L H% L*H L% L*H,% L*,H% L*H % L* H% Model Original f 0 trace L*H,H% L*H H% The models did not distinguish between the late rise L*H % Discussion and two other rising accents Rise-plateau L* H% Rise L*H H%. 0
11 Data sparsity? Neutralisation? 2 tokens late rise L* H% 44 tokens fall H*L % Nuclear accents produced on two-syllable words with initial stress such as limo. Accented syllable followed by only one syllable. Not a lot of room for realisation of nuclear accent shape. Nuclear accent distinctions can be observed more clearly when accented syllable is followed by more syllables. Conclusion More room for realisation of distinction between patterns. Additional work required. Polynomial modelling can be of value to intonational phonologists. The combination of hand-labels and polynomial models can also be of value to speech technologists. Hand-labels can be supported by empirical acoustic evidence. Need empirically tested and implementable models of intonation filtered by linguistic insights.
12 Our approach may help in the building of bridges between intonational phonologists and speech technologists. Thank you for your attention 2
Mandarin Lexical Tone Recognition: The Gating Paradigm
Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 0 (008), p. 8 Abstract Mandarin Lexical Tone Recognition: The Gating Paradigm Yuwen Lai and Jie Zhang University of Kansas Research on spoken word recognition
More informationThe Acquisition of English Intonation by Native Greek Speakers
The Acquisition of English Intonation by Native Greek Speakers Evia Kainada and Angelos Lengeris Technological Educational Institute of Patras, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ekainada@teipat.gr,
More informationStatewide Framework Document for:
Statewide Framework Document for: 270301 Standards may be added to this document prior to submission, but may not be removed from the framework to meet state credit equivalency requirements. Performance
More informationL1 Influence on L2 Intonation in Russian Speakers of English
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Spring 7-23-2013 L1 Influence on L2 Intonation in Russian Speakers of English Christiane Fleur Crosby Portland State
More informationRhythm-typology revisited.
DFG Project BA 737/1: "Cross-language and individual differences in the production and perception of syllabic prominence. Rhythm-typology revisited." Rhythm-typology revisited. B. Andreeva & W. Barry Jacques
More informationA Cross-language Corpus for Studying the Phonetics and Phonology of Prominence
A Cross-language Corpus for Studying the Phonetics and Phonology of Prominence Bistra Andreeva 1, William Barry 1, Jacques Koreman 2 1 Saarland University Germany 2 Norwegian University of Science and
More informationIntra-talker Variation: Audience Design Factors Affecting Lexical Selections
Tyler Perrachione LING 451-0 Proseminar in Sound Structure Prof. A. Bradlow 17 March 2006 Intra-talker Variation: Audience Design Factors Affecting Lexical Selections Abstract Although the acoustic and
More informationProgressive Aspect in Nigerian English
ISLE 2011 17 June 2011 1 New Englishes Empirical Studies Aspect in Nigerian Languages 2 3 Nigerian English Other New Englishes Explanations Progressive Aspect in New Englishes New Englishes Empirical Studies
More informationRachel E. Baker, Ann R. Bradlow. Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
LANGUAGE AND SPEECH, 2009, 52 (4), 391 413 391 Variability in Word Duration as a Function of Probability, Speech Style, and Prosody Rachel E. Baker, Ann R. Bradlow Northwestern University, Evanston, IL,
More informationJournal of Phonetics
Journal of Phonetics 41 (2013) 297 306 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Phonetics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/phonetics The role of intonation in language and
More informationSpeech Emotion Recognition Using Support Vector Machine
Speech Emotion Recognition Using Support Vector Machine Yixiong Pan, Peipei Shen and Liping Shen Department of Computer Technology Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China panyixiong@sjtu.edu.cn,
More informationTHE PERCEPTION AND PRODUCTION OF STRESS AND INTONATION BY CHILDREN WITH COCHLEAR IMPLANTS
THE PERCEPTION AND PRODUCTION OF STRESS AND INTONATION BY CHILDREN WITH COCHLEAR IMPLANTS ROSEMARY O HALPIN University College London Department of Phonetics & Linguistics A dissertation submitted to the
More informationPerceived speech rate: the effects of. articulation rate and speaking style in spontaneous speech. Jacques Koreman. Saarland University
1 Perceived speech rate: the effects of articulation rate and speaking style in spontaneous speech Jacques Koreman Saarland University Institute of Phonetics P.O. Box 151150 D-66041 Saarbrücken Germany
More informationSpeech Recognition at ICSI: Broadcast News and beyond
Speech Recognition at ICSI: Broadcast News and beyond Dan Ellis International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley CA Outline 1 2 3 The DARPA Broadcast News task Aspects of ICSI
More informationAlgebra 1, Quarter 3, Unit 3.1. Line of Best Fit. Overview
Algebra 1, Quarter 3, Unit 3.1 Line of Best Fit Overview Number of instructional days 6 (1 day assessment) (1 day = 45 minutes) Content to be learned Analyze scatter plots and construct the line of best
More informationEyebrows in French talk-in-interaction
Eyebrows in French talk-in-interaction Aurélie Goujon 1, Roxane Bertrand 1, Marion Tellier 1 1 Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LPL UMR 7309, 13100, Aix-en-Provence, France Goujon.aurelie@gmail.com Roxane.bertrand@lpl-aix.fr
More informationAre You Ready? Simplify Fractions
SKILL 10 Simplify Fractions Teaching Skill 10 Objective Write a fraction in simplest form. Review the definition of simplest form with students. Ask: Is 3 written in simplest form? Why 7 or why not? (Yes,
More informationAGS THE GREAT REVIEW GAME FOR PRE-ALGEBRA (CD) CORRELATED TO CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS
AGS THE GREAT REVIEW GAME FOR PRE-ALGEBRA (CD) CORRELATED TO CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS 1 CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS: Chapter 1 ALGEBRA AND WHOLE NUMBERS Algebra and Functions 1.4 Students use algebraic
More informationRevisiting the role of prosody in early language acquisition. Megha Sundara UCLA Phonetics Lab
Revisiting the role of prosody in early language acquisition Megha Sundara UCLA Phonetics Lab Outline Part I: Intonation has a role in language discrimination Part II: Do English-learning infants have
More informationAutomatic intonation assessment for computer aided language learning
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Speech Communication 52 (2010) 254 267 www.elsevier.com/locate/specom Automatic intonation assessment for computer aided language learning Juan Pablo Arias a,
More informationPossessive have and (have) got in New Zealand English Heidi Quinn, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
1 Introduction Possessive have and (have) got in New Zealand English Heidi Quinn, University of Canterbury, New Zealand heidi.quinn@canterbury.ac.nz NWAV 33, Ann Arbor 1 October 24 This paper looks at
More informationQuarterly Progress and Status Report. Voiced-voiceless distinction in alaryngeal speech - acoustic and articula
Dept. for Speech, Music and Hearing Quarterly Progress and Status Report Voiced-voiceless distinction in alaryngeal speech - acoustic and articula Nord, L. and Hammarberg, B. and Lundström, E. journal:
More informationTranscription of Intonation of the Spanish Language. Introduction *
Transcription of Intonation of the Spanish Language Introduction * Pilar Prieto a and Paolo Roseano b Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Universitat Pompeu Fabra a Universitat de Barcelona
More informationHonors Mathematics. Introduction and Definition of Honors Mathematics
Honors Mathematics Introduction and Definition of Honors Mathematics Honors Mathematics courses are intended to be more challenging than standard courses and provide multiple opportunities for students
More informationA survey of intonation systems
1 A survey of intonation systems D A N I E L H I R S T a n d A L B E R T D I C R I S T O 1. Background The description of the intonation system of a particular language or dialect is a particularly difficult
More informationInstructor: Mario D. Garrett, Ph.D. Phone: Office: Hepner Hall (HH) 100
San Diego State University School of Social Work 610 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Office: Hepner Hall (HH) 100 Instructor: Mario D. Garrett,
More informationWord Stress and Intonation: Introduction
Word Stress and Intonation: Introduction WORD STRESS One or more syllables of a polysyllabic word have greater prominence than the others. Such syllables are said to be accented or stressed. Word stress
More informationOn rises and falls in interrogatives
Actes d IDP 09 On rises and falls in interrogatives Hubert Truckenbrodt truckenbrodt@zas.gwz-berlin.de Centre of General Linguistics (ZAS) Berlin Abstract : This paper first reviews a little-known but,
More informationModern TTS systems. CS 294-5: Statistical Natural Language Processing. Types of Modern Synthesis. TTS Architecture. Text Normalization
CS 294-5: Statistical Natural Language Processing Speech Synthesis Lecture 22: 12/4/05 Modern TTS systems 1960 s first full TTS Umeda et al (1968) 1970 s Joe Olive 1977 concatenation of linearprediction
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 141 ( 2014 ) WCLTA Using Corpus Linguistics in the Development of Writing
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 141 ( 2014 ) 124 128 WCLTA 2013 Using Corpus Linguistics in the Development of Writing Blanka Frydrychova
More informationCEFR Overall Illustrative English Proficiency Scales
CEFR Overall Illustrative English Proficiency s CEFR CEFR OVERALL ORAL PRODUCTION Has a good command of idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms with awareness of connotative levels of meaning. Can convey
More informationBitonal lexical pitch accents in the Limburgian dialect of Borgloon
Bitonal lexical pitch accents in the Limburgian dialect of Borgloon Jörg Peters Abstract Borgloon is one of the westernmost places in Belgian Limburg which has a word accent contrast, also known as the
More informationIndividual Differences & Item Effects: How to test them, & how to test them well
Individual Differences & Item Effects: How to test them, & how to test them well Individual Differences & Item Effects Properties of subjects Cognitive abilities (WM task scores, inhibition) Gender Age
More informationAN INTRODUCTION (2 ND ED.) (LONDON, BLOOMSBURY ACADEMIC PP. VI, 282)
B. PALTRIDGE, DISCOURSE ANALYSIS: AN INTRODUCTION (2 ND ED.) (LONDON, BLOOMSBURY ACADEMIC. 2012. PP. VI, 282) Review by Glenda Shopen _ This book is a revised edition of the author s 2006 introductory
More informationProsody in Speech Interaction Expression of the Speaker and Appeal to the Listener
Prosody in Speech Interaction Expression of the Speaker and Appeal to the Listener Klaus J. Kohler Institute of Phonetics and Digital Speech Processing kjk AT ipds DOT uni-kiel DOT de Abstract On the basis
More informationAnnotation Pro. annotation of linguistic and paralinguistic features in speech. Katarzyna Klessa. Phon&Phon meeting
Annotation Pro annotation of linguistic and paralinguistic features in speech Katarzyna Klessa Phon&Phon meeting Faculty of English, AMU Poznań, 25 April 2017 annotationpro.org More information: Quick
More informationCopyright by Niamh Eileen Kelly 2015
Copyright by Niamh Eileen Kelly 2015 The Dissertation Committee for Niamh Eileen Kelly certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: An Experimental Approach to the Production
More informationAcoustic correlates of stress and their use in diagnosing syllable fusion in Tongan. James White & Marc Garellek UCLA
Acoustic correlates of stress and their use in diagnosing syllable fusion in Tongan James White & Marc Garellek UCLA 1 Introduction Goals: To determine the acoustic correlates of primary and secondary
More informationGCSE Mathematics B (Linear) Mark Scheme for November Component J567/04: Mathematics Paper 4 (Higher) General Certificate of Secondary Education
GCSE Mathematics B (Linear) Component J567/04: Mathematics Paper 4 (Higher) General Certificate of Secondary Education Mark Scheme for November 2014 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge
More informationGCE. Mathematics (MEI) Mark Scheme for June Advanced Subsidiary GCE Unit 4766: Statistics 1. Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations
GCE Mathematics (MEI) Advanced Subsidiary GCE Unit 4766: Statistics 1 Mark Scheme for June 2013 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing
More informationThe influence of metrical constraints on direct imitation across French varieties
The influence of metrical constraints on direct imitation across French varieties Mariapaola D Imperio 1,2, Caterina Petrone 1 & Charlotte Graux-Czachor 1 1 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LPL UMR 7039,
More informationVoice conversion through vector quantization
J. Acoust. Soc. Jpn.(E)11, 2 (1990) Voice conversion through vector quantization Masanobu Abe, Satoshi Nakamura, Kiyohiro Shikano, and Hisao Kuwabara A TR Interpreting Telephony Research Laboratories,
More informationCal s Dinner Card Deals
Cal s Dinner Card Deals Overview: In this lesson students compare three linear functions in the context of Dinner Card Deals. Students are required to interpret a graph for each Dinner Card Deal to help
More informationTeaching ideas. AS and A-level English Language Spark their imaginations this year
Teaching ideas AS and A-level English Language Spark their imaginations this year We ve put together this handy set of teaching ideas so you can explore new ways to engage your AS and A-level English Language
More informationSEGMENTAL FEATURES IN SPONTANEOUS AND READ-ALOUD FINNISH
SEGMENTAL FEATURES IN SPONTANEOUS AND READ-ALOUD FINNISH Mietta Lennes Most of the phonetic knowledge that is currently available on spoken Finnish is based on clearly pronounced speech: either readaloud
More informationDemonstration of problems of lexical stress on the pronunciation Turkish English teachers and teacher trainees by computer
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46 ( 2012 ) 3011 3016 WCES 2012 Demonstration of problems of lexical stress on the pronunciation Turkish English teachers
More informationClass-Discriminative Weighted Distortion Measure for VQ-Based Speaker Identification
Class-Discriminative Weighted Distortion Measure for VQ-Based Speaker Identification Tomi Kinnunen and Ismo Kärkkäinen University of Joensuu, Department of Computer Science, P.O. Box 111, 80101 JOENSUU,
More informationInternational Journal of Computational Intelligence and Informatics, Vol. 1 : No. 4, January - March 2012
Text-independent Mono and Cross-lingual Speaker Identification with the Constraint of Limited Data Nagaraja B G and H S Jayanna Department of Information Science and Engineering Siddaganga Institute of
More informationVicente Amado Antonio Nariño HH. Corazonistas and Tabora School
35 PROFILE USING VIDEO IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASSROOM Vicente Amado Antonio Nariño HH. Corazonistas and Tabora School v_amado@yahoo.com V ideo is a popular and a motivating potential medium in schools.
More informationExperiments with SMS Translation and Stochastic Gradient Descent in Spanish Text Author Profiling
Experiments with SMS Translation and Stochastic Gradient Descent in Spanish Text Author Profiling Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2013 Andrés Alfonso Caurcel Díaz 1 and José María Gómez Hidalgo 2 1 Universidad
More informationRegional variation in the realization of intonation contours in the Netherlands
Regional variation in the realization of intonation contours in the Netherlands Published by LOT phone: +31 30 253 6111 Trans 10 3512 JK Utrecht e-mail: lot@let.uu.nl The Netherlands http://www.lotschool.nl
More informationA Socio-Tonetic Analysis of Sui Dialect Contact. James N. Stanford Rice University. [To appear in Language Variation and Change 20(3)]
A Socio-Tonetic Analysis of Sui Dialect Contact James N. Stanford Rice University [To appear in Language Variation and Change 20(3)] Author s address: Department of Linguistics, MS23 Rice University 6100
More informationFocus of the Unit: Much of this unit focuses on extending previous skills of multiplication and division to multi-digit whole numbers.
Approximate Time Frame: 3-4 weeks Connections to Previous Learning: In fourth grade, students fluently multiply (4-digit by 1-digit, 2-digit by 2-digit) and divide (4-digit by 1-digit) using strategies
More informationOPTIMIZATINON OF TRAINING SETS FOR HEBBIAN-LEARNING- BASED CLASSIFIERS
OPTIMIZATINON OF TRAINING SETS FOR HEBBIAN-LEARNING- BASED CLASSIFIERS Václav Kocian, Eva Volná, Michal Janošek, Martin Kotyrba University of Ostrava Department of Informatics and Computers Dvořákova 7,
More informationFormulaic Language and Fluency: ESL Teaching Applications
Formulaic Language and Fluency: ESL Teaching Applications Formulaic Language Terminology Formulaic sequence One such item Formulaic language Non-count noun referring to these items Phraseology The study
More informationLanguage Acquisition Chart
Language Acquisition Chart This chart was designed to help teachers better understand the process of second language acquisition. Please use this chart as a resource for learning more about the way people
More informationUsing the Attribute Hierarchy Method to Make Diagnostic Inferences about Examinees Cognitive Skills in Algebra on the SAT
The Journal of Technology, Learning, and Assessment Volume 6, Number 6 February 2008 Using the Attribute Hierarchy Method to Make Diagnostic Inferences about Examinees Cognitive Skills in Algebra on the
More information5. Margi (Chadic, Nigeria): H, L, R (Williams 1973, Hoffmann 1963)
24.961 Tone-1: African Languages 1. Main theme the study of tone in African lgs. raised serious conceptual problems for the representation of the phoneme as a bundle of distinctive features. the solution
More informationThe Effect of Discourse Markers on the Speaking Production of EFL Students. Iman Moradimanesh
The Effect of Discourse Markers on the Speaking Production of EFL Students Iman Moradimanesh Abstract The research aimed at investigating the relationship between discourse markers (DMs) and a special
More informationEnglish Language and Applied Linguistics. Module Descriptions 2017/18
English Language and Applied Linguistics Module Descriptions 2017/18 Level I (i.e. 2 nd Yr.) Modules Please be aware that all modules are subject to availability. If you have any questions about the modules,
More informationA study of speaker adaptation for DNN-based speech synthesis
A study of speaker adaptation for DNN-based speech synthesis Zhizheng Wu, Pawel Swietojanski, Christophe Veaux, Steve Renals, Simon King The Centre for Speech Technology Research (CSTR) University of Edinburgh,
More informationAtypical Prosodic Structure as an Indicator of Reading Level and Text Difficulty
Atypical Prosodic Structure as an Indicator of Reading Level and Text Difficulty Julie Medero and Mari Ostendorf Electrical Engineering Department University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 USA {jmedero,ostendor}@uw.edu
More informationGrade 6: Correlated to AGS Basic Math Skills
Grade 6: Correlated to AGS Basic Math Skills Grade 6: Standard 1 Number Sense Students compare and order positive and negative integers, decimals, fractions, and mixed numbers. They find multiples and
More informationPaper Reference. Edexcel GCSE Mathematics (Linear) 1380 Paper 1 (Non-Calculator) Foundation Tier. Monday 6 June 2011 Afternoon Time: 1 hour 30 minutes
Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference 1 3 8 0 1 F Paper Reference(s) 1380/1F Edexcel GCSE Mathematics (Linear) 1380 Paper 1 (Non-Calculator) Foundation Tier Monday 6 June 2011 Afternoon Time: 1 hour
More informationDublin City Schools Mathematics Graded Course of Study GRADE 4
I. Content Standard: Number, Number Sense and Operations Standard Students demonstrate number sense, including an understanding of number systems and reasonable estimates using paper and pencil, technology-supported
More informationFoundations of Knowledge Representation in Cyc
Foundations of Knowledge Representation in Cyc Why use logic? CycL Syntax Collections and Individuals (#$isa and #$genls) Microtheories This is an introduction to the foundations of knowledge representation
More informationREVIEW OF CONNECTED SPEECH
Language Learning & Technology http://llt.msu.edu/vol8num1/review2/ January 2004, Volume 8, Number 1 pp. 24-28 REVIEW OF CONNECTED SPEECH Title Connected Speech (North American English), 2000 Platform
More informationLA1 - High School English Language Development 1 Curriculum Essentials Document
LA1 - High School English Language Development 1 Curriculum Essentials Document Boulder Valley School District Department of Curriculum and Instruction April 2012 Access for All Colorado English Language
More informationModeling function word errors in DNN-HMM based LVCSR systems
Modeling function word errors in DNN-HMM based LVCSR systems Melvin Jose Johnson Premkumar, Ankur Bapna and Sree Avinash Parchuri Department of Computer Science Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford
More informationSurface Structure, Intonation, and Meaning in Spoken Language
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Technical Reports (CIS) Department of Computer & Information Science January 1991 Surface Structure, Intonation, and Meaning in Spoken Language Mark Steedman
More informationNCEO Technical Report 27
Home About Publications Special Topics Presentations State Policies Accommodations Bibliography Teleconferences Tools Related Sites Interpreting Trends in the Performance of Special Education Students
More informationDiscourse Structure in Spoken Language: Studies on Speech Corpora
Discourse Structure in Spoken Language: Studies on Speech Corpora The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Published
More informationTable of Contents. Introduction Choral Reading How to Use This Book...5. Cloze Activities Correlation to TESOL Standards...
Table of Contents Introduction.... 4 How to Use This Book.....................5 Correlation to TESOL Standards... 6 ESL Terms.... 8 Levels of English Language Proficiency... 9 The Four Language Domains.............
More informationOn document relevance and lexical cohesion between query terms
Information Processing and Management 42 (2006) 1230 1247 www.elsevier.com/locate/infoproman On document relevance and lexical cohesion between query terms Olga Vechtomova a, *, Murat Karamuftuoglu b,
More informationDyslexia/dyslexic, 3, 9, 24, 97, 187, 189, 206, 217, , , 367, , , 397,
Adoption studies, 274 275 Alliteration skill, 113, 115, 117 118, 122 123, 128, 136, 138 Alphabetic writing system, 5, 40, 127, 136, 410, 415 Alphabets (types of ) artificial transparent alphabet, 5 German
More informationInfants Perception of Intonation: Is It a Statement or a Question?
Infancy, 19(2), 194 213, 2014 Copyright International Society on Infant Studies (ISIS) ISSN: 1525-0008 print / 1532-7078 online DOI: 10.1111/infa.12037 Infants Perception of Intonation: Is It a Statement
More informationACTA PATTERNS OF STANCE TAKING NEGATIVE YES/NO INTERROGATIVES AND TAG QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN ENGLISH CONVERSATION UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS B 71
OULU 2006 B 71 ACTA Tiina Keisanen UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS B HUMANIORA PATTERNS OF STANCE TAKING NEGATIVE YES/NO INTERROGATIVES AND TAG QUESTIONS IN AMERICAN ENGLISH CONVERSATION FACULTY OF HUMANITIES,
More informationSURVIVING ON MARS WITH GEOGEBRA
SURVIVING ON MARS WITH GEOGEBRA Lindsey States and Jenna Odom Miami University, OH Abstract: In this paper, the authors describe an interdisciplinary lesson focused on determining how long an astronaut
More informationSOUTHERN MAINE COMMUNITY COLLEGE South Portland, Maine 04106
SOUTHERN MAINE COMMUNITY COLLEGE South Portland, Maine 04106 Title: Precalculus Catalog Number: MATH 190 Credit Hours: 3 Total Contact Hours: 45 Instructor: Gwendolyn Blake Email: gblake@smccme.edu Website:
More informationAccessing Higher Education in Developing Countries: panel data analysis from India, Peru and Vietnam
Accessing Higher Education in Developing Countries: panel data analysis from India, Peru and Vietnam Alan Sanchez (GRADE) y Abhijeet Singh (UCL) 12 de Agosto, 2017 Introduction Higher education in developing
More informationPerceptual scaling of voice identity: common dimensions for different vowels and speakers
DOI 10.1007/s00426-008-0185-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Perceptual scaling of voice identity: common dimensions for different vowels and speakers Oliver Baumann Æ Pascal Belin Received: 15 February 2008 / Accepted:
More informationLearning Methods in Multilingual Speech Recognition
Learning Methods in Multilingual Speech Recognition Hui Lin Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Seattle, WA 98125 linhui@u.washington.edu Li Deng, Jasha Droppo, Dong Yu, and Alex
More informationWhat the National Curriculum requires in reading at Y5 and Y6
What the National Curriculum requires in reading at Y5 and Y6 Word reading apply their growing knowledge of root words, prefixes and suffixes (morphology and etymology), as listed in Appendix 1 of the
More informationClassroom Connections Examining the Intersection of the Standards for Mathematical Content and the Standards for Mathematical Practice
Classroom Connections Examining the Intersection of the Standards for Mathematical Content and the Standards for Mathematical Practice Title: Considering Coordinate Geometry Common Core State Standards
More informationAnalyzing the Usage of IT in SMEs
IBIMA Publishing Communications of the IBIMA http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/cibima/cibima.html Vol. 2010 (2010), Article ID 208609, 10 pages DOI: 10.5171/2010.208609 Analyzing the Usage of IT
More informationLearning Disability Functional Capacity Evaluation. Dear Doctor,
Dear Doctor, I have been asked to formulate a vocational opinion regarding NAME s employability in light of his/her learning disability. To assist me with this evaluation I would appreciate if you can
More information5. UPPER INTERMEDIATE
Triolearn General Programmes adapt the standards and the Qualifications of Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and Cambridge ESOL. It is designed to be compatible to the local and the regional
More information1 st Quarter (September, October, November) August/September Strand Topic Standard Notes Reading for Literature
1 st Grade Curriculum Map Common Core Standards Language Arts 2013 2014 1 st Quarter (September, October, November) August/September Strand Topic Standard Notes Reading for Literature Key Ideas and Details
More informationWhat do Medical Students Need to Learn in Their English Classes?
ISSN - Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol., No., pp. 1-, May ACADEMY PUBLISHER Manufactured in Finland. doi:.0/jltr...1- What do Medical Students Need to Learn in Their English Classes? Giti
More informationTHE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MULTIPLE CHOICE MATH TESTS
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MULTIPLE CHOICE MATH TESTS ELIZABETH ANNE SOMERS Spring 2011 A thesis submitted in partial
More informationCorpus Linguistics (L615)
(L615) Basics of Markus Dickinson Department of, Indiana University Spring 2013 1 / 23 : the extent to which a sample includes the full range of variability in a population distinguishes corpora from archives
More informationAnalysis of Emotion Recognition System through Speech Signal Using KNN & GMM Classifier
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-issn: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 10, Issue 2, Ver.1 (Mar - Apr.2015), PP 55-61 www.iosrjournals.org Analysis of Emotion
More informationRoutledge Library Editions: The English Language: Pronouns And Word Order In Old English: With Particular Reference To The Indefinite Pronoun Man
Routledge Library Editions: The English Language: Pronouns And Word Order In Old English: With Particular Reference To The Indefinite Pronoun Man (Routledge Library Edition: The English Language) By Linda
More informationLevel 1 Mathematics and Statistics, 2015
91037 910370 1SUPERVISOR S Level 1 Mathematics and Statistics, 2015 91037 Demonstrate understanding of chance and data 9.30 a.m. Monday 9 November 2015 Credits: Four Achievement Achievement with Merit
More informationThe Perception of Nasalized Vowels in American English: An Investigation of On-line Use of Vowel Nasalization in Lexical Access
The Perception of Nasalized Vowels in American English: An Investigation of On-line Use of Vowel Nasalization in Lexical Access Joyce McDonough 1, Heike Lenhert-LeHouiller 1, Neil Bardhan 2 1 Linguistics
More informationELA/ELD Standards Correlation Matrix for ELD Materials Grade 1 Reading
ELA/ELD Correlation Matrix for ELD Materials Grade 1 Reading The English Language Arts (ELA) required for the one hour of English-Language Development (ELD) Materials are listed in Appendix 9-A, Matrix
More informationRole of Pausing in Text-to-Speech Synthesis for Simultaneous Interpretation
Role of Pausing in Text-to-Speech Synthesis for Simultaneous Interpretation Vivek Kumar Rangarajan Sridhar, John Chen, Srinivas Bangalore, Alistair Conkie AT&T abs - Research 180 Park Avenue, Florham Park,
More informationLinking object names and object categories: Words (but not tones) facilitate object categorization in 6- and 12-month-olds
Linking object names and object categories: Words (but not tones) facilitate object categorization in 6- and 12-month-olds Anne L. Fulkerson 1, Sandra R. Waxman 2, and Jennifer M. Seymour 1 1 University
More informationText and task authenticity in the EFL classroom
Text and task authenticity in the EFL classroom William Guariento and John Morley There is now a general consensus in language teaching that the use of authentic materials in the classroom is beneficial
More informationListening and Speaking Skills of English Language of Adolescents of Government and Private Schools
Listening and Speaking Skills of English Language of Adolescents of Government and Private Schools Dr. Amardeep Kaur Professor, Babe Ke College of Education, Mudki, Ferozepur, Punjab Abstract The present
More information