Implementing Some Pair Work Strategies to Integrate CLT in Teaching of English Language
|
|
- Julian Wilkerson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2 ELT Vibes: International E-Journal for Research in ELT A QUARTERLY, INDEXED, REFEREED AND PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS INTERNATIONAL E-JOURNAL Impact Factor : 5.10 Article information Volume 3, Number 1. (2017) Article Received: 19/11/2016 Acceptance: 11/12/2016 Implementing Some Pair Work Strategies to Integrate CLT in Teaching of English Language Dr. Sheetal N Rawat Asst. Professor Shikshan Mahavidyalay, Gujarat Vidyapith-A'bad-14 Abstract CLT has been widely accepted as an effective way of teaching language in ESL/EFL contexts. In Communicative Language Teaching(CLT) language learning emphasizes learning to communicate as opposed to learning a set of grammatical rules. Most teachers acknowledge the importance of adopting CLT approach in the classrooms to develop the students communicative competence in English language. Although there are still some who are disinclined to genuinely practice it, there are still those who believe of the effectiveness of CLT approach in enhancing oral skill among language learners. Even though communicative approach has been implemented in textbooks of English, generally teachers use a traditional way of teaching. Classes were mostly teachercentered, and teachers did not use pair work tasks in their lessons, but tended to make the students work as a whole class or individually. A lot of drilling take place in the English classroom, as supposed speaking activities. That means that teachers did not encourage students to communicate meaningfully in pair work situations and in doing so students do not cultivate oral skill for the purpose of communication. Cite this article as: Rawat.S. (2017) Implementing Some Pair Work Strategies to Integrate CLT in Teaching of English Language. ELT Vibes: International E-Journal For Research in ELT. 3(1)
3 This study investigates the role of CLT approach in enhancing oral competencies among second language learners, prospective teachers of B.Ed. within the Indian context by examining its effectiveness through the implementation of certain pair work strategies in classroom teaching of English language. The focus is to investigate how pair work tasks can integrate CLT to enhance oral communication in the language classroom. Key words: Implement, Pair work Strategies, CLT, Integrate, ELT. Introduction The needs of language teaching and proper methodology for it especially when it is English, keep on changing to have pace with the present-day requirements and situations. With the emergence of Communicative Language Teaching(CLT) approach, there have been many innovations in the field of English Language Teaching. CLT is driven by the theory that people acquire new language only by using them in context, not by memorizing words or learning rules in isolation as the activities and games. CLT emphasizes developing students' ability to understand, and make them understood, in a second language. Students learning through CLT are encouraged to communicate in English as much as possible and even made to experiment with unfamiliar structures. CLT generally avoids conventional drills and grammatical analysis in the classroom. It often takes the form of pair and group work in the classroom that requires negotiation and cooperation between learners, fluency based activities that encourage learner to develop their confidence, role-plays in which students practice and develop language functions and make judicious use of grammar and activities focusing upon pronunciation and more of practical usage of language. Generally language teachers use a traditional way of teaching. There were teacher-centered classes, and teachers did not use pair work tasks in their lessons, but tended to make the students work as a whole class or individually. The teaching methods were, and for the most still are, based on the grammar translation and audio lingual methods. A lot of drilling took place in the English classroom, as supposed speaking activities. Dr. Sheetal N Rawat Page 12
4 That means that teachers did not encourage students to communicate meaningfully in pair work situations while the effective language learning takes place through interacting with peers in communicative contexts. This situation allows students to use the target language in a natural context, and it gradually helps them to become better target language users. Pair work is one such collaborative activity that promotes CLT specifically in the classroom for teaching English as a second language. Pair work is learners working together in pairs. One of the main motivations to encourage pair work in the English language classroom is to increase the opportunities for learners to use English in the class. Pair work is the only way of getting everyone in a classroom speaking and listening at the same time. In other words, it is an efficient, productive way of spending precious classroom time. It is somehow difficult to expect that all learners will immediately begin using English to communicate with their peers all the time. But, if at least few of the class use English some of the time, it can be a significant step on the road to promoting greater use of English in pair and group work in the multilingual classroom. Three main principles that can be generalized from CLT practices according to Richards and Rodgers(2001) are 1: The communication principle Learning is promoted by activities involving real communication. 2: The task principle learning is also enhanced through the use of activities in which language is employed. 3:The meaningfulness principle. Learning process is based on language which is meaningful to the students. Activities should consequently be selected according to how well they involve the learners in authentic and meaningful language use. The researchers found that while teaching English to the second language learners these principles can be best implemented in the classroom through pair work or group work. But majority of teachers in Gujarat teach English language with chalk & Talk method, thinking that pair work is not possible in a crowded classrooms of India. In doing so they cannot make their students fluent speaker of their second language, English. Keeping this in mind the researcher who is also a method master of English language thought of implementing some pair work strategies to integrate CLT in her classroom and trying to enhance the oral skill of her teacher trainees who will be the future Dr. Sheetal N Rawat Page 13
5 teachers of the English language at primary and secondary level. An attempt is made by her to enable the prospective teachers to use English language in appropriate context through pair work and therein to learn integration of CLT in English language teaching. Review of Related Literature Research evidence shows that CLT promotes language teaching of English in an effective manner while pair work provides appropriate atmosphere to learners for the use of target language. Wong (1998) in his study of teachers' attitudes towards Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in Hong Kong found there are significant differences between subject trained and non-subject-trained English teachers' attitudes towards some aspects of CLT and classroom practices. It is suggested that policy makers should review the current English Syllabus and evaluate the suitability of CLT for language teaching in Hong Kong. Ani Mardiah Azmin examined the teachers attitudes and beliefs concerning the use of CLT approach in language classrooms to enhance oral competency among students. Based on the findings, all respondents reflected the attitudes showing that the use of CLT approach does enhance oral competency among students. They have stated that the approach encourages students' participation, promotes confidence, prepares students for real-life communication and develops communication strategies. Pair work is an important component of the communicative approach, and is also a form of collaborative learning. Moon (2000) defines pair work as a strategy to organize them(students) in ways that will maximize opportunities for learning (p.53). Pair work means that students collaborate with their pairs to accomplish tasks and reach its aim.. Moaza Aziz Ahmad Abdulla (2006) studied ways to improve oral communication through pair work strategies not only for classroom use, but also outside the classroom, for young Emirate students who are learning English as a foreign language. The researcher found that using these tasks is an effective strategy to follow in the EFL classroom, and it provides chances for students to learn the language in a meaningful way. Dr. Sheetal N Rawat Page 14
6 She found that students said that they were able to use some of the language they had used during pair work in the classroom for meaningful communication outside school in their daily lives. Furthermore, the students got the chance to learn from each others experience and knowledge about the language as they interacted meaningfully through the languages. The focus of Said Zohairy's (2014) study is in regards with increasing language production in speaking activities for Saudi pre-intermediate college students. Researcher s findings showed some discrepancies between teachers and students perception of pair work strategies. Saudi students prefer to pair up with a higher-level student (L-H) as they tend to rely on colleagues to complete tasks rather than asking teacher to help. On the contrary, teachers prefer same-level pairing to provide equal learning opportunities for all students. Objectives 1. To prepare a set of communicative tasks using pair work strategies to integrate CLT in teaching of English language to the prospective teachers. 2. To provide impetus which help them to develop and enhance their oral skills and to communicate better. 3. To know the effectiveness of pair work strategies to the second language teaching, make an effort to check how the integration of CLT can be the best applicable to the routine teaching-learning process of the classroom. Hypotheses Research Hypothesis. It is not possible to develop oral skills and create understanding for language within the framework of the present structural syllabus and traditional teaching materials. Null Hypothesis. There is no significant difference between mean scores achieved by experimental group in pretest and post test on oral skill using pair work strategies. Dr. Sheetal N Rawat Page 15
7 Variables A set of communicative tasks using pair work strategies was treated as independent variable whereas oral skill in CLT for English Language was treated as the dependent variable. Population and Sample of the study All the prospective teachers of the B. Ed course make the population of the study. As the researcher had to deal with the pair work in the classroom she has selected the students who had English as their main method. The Sample of the present study was all students of Female and 2 Male) prospective teachers. The sample selection method was followed by cluster sampling technique. Delimitation English method in B. Ed. course, i.e. prospective teachers studying in the college of Education of Gujarat Vidyapith, Ahmedabad in the year The sample was consist of 16 (14 of the study: The study was limited to a small sample, namely a group of 16 prospective teachers of B. Ed. Since the study was an experimental study having per-test post-test single group design, only one experimental group was selected for the try out of prepared material. The study dwelt with teaching of only selected communicative tasks. During try out sessions, instruction was focused on several communicative tasks having pair work strategies like Informal telephone conversation, information gap & Classroom communication for enhancing oral skills in English language. Research Method The present study included 'pretest-post-test single group' design. The investigator selected 16 participants. The steps involved were 1: Administering pretest to the subjects of experimental group before the introduction of treatment. 2: Introduction of treatment.3: Administering post-test to the subjects of experimental group after the introduction of treatment. So far as the development of communicative tasks using pair work strategies was concerned, the present research was an applied research. Moreover, in respect of data collection and analysis it was a quantitative research. Dr. Sheetal N Rawat Page 16
8 Tool Construction Pretest and Posttest In order to know the progress of students increasing proficiency in oral skill and to know the effectiveness of pair work strategies in through the implementation of communicative tasks, pretest and post-test was prepared. Components of oral expressions like accuracy, fluency and appropriateness in English language were considered for assessment in the test items. Validity and reliability of the test was determined by item-analysis of the test items and experts opinions. Outline of the Research Exertion The main objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of Pair work strategies and therein to integrate CLT in teaching English language to prospective teachers. while preparing the materials the investigator kept in mind the needs of learners and investigator s own observations. She has prepared a set of communicative tasks with different CLT strategies focusing pair work used for classroom teaching of oral skill in English language. It consisted of three pair work strategies viz. Informal telephone conversation, information gap & Classroom communication. After preparing the material it was revised and finalized as per the suggestions and feedback of ELT experts. for the try out of the communicative tasks. Pretest was administered first to know the entry behavior of the students. Afterward treatment was given to the experimental group of total 16 students in the classroom during school hours. The group was given practice of oral skill for 20 hours within the span of 10 days. Post test was than administered to know the effectiveness of the pair work strategies for developing oral skill of prospective teachers. The data collected was analyzed according to objectives of the research. Dr. Sheetal N Rawat Page 17
9 Analysis and Interpretation: With respect to the third objective of the study Mean, SD and 't' value of the score achieved by prospective teachers on post test were calculated. Table:1 Mean Achievement Scores, Standard Deviation and t-value of experimental group in Pretest and Post test Tests No. of Students Mean St. Deviation t-value Sig. Pretest Post-test It is shown that ' t ' value obtained from the scores on pretest of experimental group and post test of the same group is which is more than 2.58 and therefore significant at 0.01 level. So here Ho 1 There is no significant difference between mean scores achieved by experimental group in pretest and post-test on oral skill using pair work strategies. is not accepted. The mean score of post-test of experimental group is which is significantly higher than mean scores of the same group on pretest which is It also indicates that the experimental group achieves higher score on post test than its pretest. This indicates that the post test performance significantly differs from the achievement test performance with reference to oral skill. So it can be concluded that better performance of the experimental group on post test with reference to oral skill spells the effectiveness of pair work strategies integrating CLT for teaching English language. Findings of the research: 1. The primary findings appeared to indicate that the pair work strategies used in this study for specific teaching and learning of oral skill to integrate CLT in teaching of English language were very effective. It was beneficial for improving oral skill of learners. 2. The experimental group scored significantly higher on post test than pretest. It proves the effectiveness of the pair work strategies. Dr. Sheetal N Rawat Page 18
10 3. The post test performance of the experimental group was significantly higher. The mean score of experimental group with reference to CLT shows that the pair work strategies are beneficial for improving oral skill. Discussion Based on the findings, all prospective teachers enjoyed learning oral skills in English language through communicative tasks having pair work strategies. Their performance showed that the use of CLT does enhance oral skill among future teachers. It was reflected during their classroom interaction in pair work that CLT encourages prospective teachers' participation, promotes confidence, prepares students for real-life communication, and develops communication strategies. It was found that CLT approach followed in pair work strategies is is effective to be used in the language classroom as it enhances teachers' role, and encourages participation from low proficiency students. Conclusion After conducting this study, It is highly recommended that English language teachers should use pair work to develop their young students oral skills. It helps students to use the language in meaningful contexts. Teachers also must remember the importance of giving clear input for their students before asking them to work in pairs. By having communicative activity in CLT, prospective teachers gained the aims of this approach, which are the ability to communicate, recognize the forms meaning, as well as the functions of the language, and they can use them for communication appropriately in any human understanding, critical thinking, organization of the thought, the use of body and voice to communicate and the ability to give and accepts constructive criticism. Dr. Sheetal N Rawat Page 19
11 References 1. Curtain, H. & Dahlberg, C. A. (2004). Language and children: Making the match. N e w York: Pearson Education. 2. Harmer, J. (2001). The practice of English language teaching. London: Longman. 3. Lightbown, P., & Spada, N. (1999). How language are learned. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4. Littlewood, W. (1984). Communicative Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge 5. University Press.Moon, J. (2000). Children learning English. Oxford: Macmillan Heinemann Publishers. 6. Nunan, D. (2003). Practical English language teaching. New York: McGraw- Hill. Richards, J. & Rodgers, T. (1986). Approaches and methods in language teaching: A description and analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7. Richards, J. (2003). Understanding communication in second language classrooms. 8. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Dr. Sheetal N Rawat Page 20
Why PPP won t (and shouldn t) go away
(and shouldn t) go IATEFL Birmingham 2016 jasonanderson1@gmail.com www.jasonanderson.org.uk speakinggames.wordpress.com Structure of my talk 1. Introduction 3. Why is it so enduring / popular? (i.e. Does
More informationTextbook Evalyation:
STUDIES IN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE Vol. 1, No. 8, 2010, pp. 54-60 www.cscanada.net ISSN 1923-1555 [Print] ISSN 1923-1563 [Online] www.cscanada.org Textbook Evalyation: EFL Teachers Perspectives on New
More informationThe Effect of Extensive Reading on Developing the Grammatical. Accuracy of the EFL Freshmen at Al Al-Bayt University
The Effect of Extensive Reading on Developing the Grammatical Accuracy of the EFL Freshmen at Al Al-Bayt University Kifah Rakan Alqadi Al Al-Bayt University Faculty of Arts Department of English Language
More informationLearning and Retaining New Vocabularies: The Case of Monolingual and Bilingual Dictionaries
Learning and Retaining New Vocabularies: The Case of Monolingual and Bilingual Dictionaries Mohsen Mobaraki Assistant Professor, University of Birjand, Iran mmobaraki@birjand.ac.ir *Amin Saed Lecturer,
More informationThe Implementation of Interactive Multimedia Learning Materials in Teaching Listening Skills
English Language Teaching; Vol. 8, No. 12; 2015 ISSN 1916-4742 E-ISSN 1916-4750 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education The Implementation of Interactive Multimedia Learning Materials in
More informationCommunicative Language Teaching (CLT): A Critical and Comparative Perspective
ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 1579-1583, September 2013 Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/tpls.3.9.1579-1583 Communicative Language Teaching (CLT): A Critical
More informationCELTA. Syllabus and Assessment Guidelines. Third Edition. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations 1 Hills Road Cambridge CB1 2EU United Kingdom
CELTA Syllabus and Assessment Guidelines Third Edition CELTA (Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) is accredited by Ofqual (the regulator of qualifications, examinations and
More informationThe Effect of Discourse Markers on the Speaking Production of EFL Students. Iman Moradimanesh
The Effect of Discourse Markers on the Speaking Production of EFL Students Iman Moradimanesh Abstract The research aimed at investigating the relationship between discourse markers (DMs) and a special
More informationRunning head: METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES FOR ACADEMIC LISTENING 1. The Relationship between Metacognitive Strategies Awareness
Running head: METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES FOR ACADEMIC LISTENING 1 The Relationship between Metacognitive Strategies Awareness and Listening Comprehension Performance Valeriia Bogorevich Northern Arizona
More informationThe Effect of Written Corrective Feedback on the Accuracy of English Article Usage in L2 Writing
Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research Volume 3, Issue 1, 2016, pp. 110-120 Available online at www.jallr.com ISSN: 2376-760X The Effect of Written Corrective Feedback on the Accuracy of
More informationUSING VOKI TO ENHANCE SPEAKING SKILLS
USING VOKI TO ENHANCE SPEAKING SKILLS Michelle Manty, Melor Md Yunus, Jamaludin Badusah, Parilah M. Shah Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia ABSTRACT This paper introduces Voki as one
More informationLANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 12 : 2 February 2012 ISSN
LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume ISSN 1930-2940 Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D. B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.
More informationTHE ACQUISITION OF INFLECTIONAL MORPHEMES: THE PRIORITY OF PLURAL S
THE ACQUISITION OF INFLECTIONAL MORPHEMES: THE PRIORITY OF PLURAL S *Ali Morshedi Tonekaboni 1 and Ramin Rahimy 2 1 Department of English Language, Islamic Azad University of Tonekabon, Iran 2 Department
More informationDOES RETELLING TECHNIQUE IMPROVE SPEAKING FLUENCY?
DOES RETELLING TECHNIQUE IMPROVE SPEAKING FLUENCY? Noor Rachmawaty (itaw75123@yahoo.com) Istanti Hermagustiana (dulcemaria_81@yahoo.com) Universitas Mulawarman, Indonesia Abstract: This paper is based
More informationApproaches to Teaching Second Language Writing Brian PALTRIDGE, The University of Sydney
Approaches to Teaching Second Language Writing Brian PALTRIDGE, The University of Sydney This paper presents a discussion of developments in the teaching of writing. This includes a discussion of genre-based
More informationTo appear in The TESOL encyclopedia of ELT (Wiley-Blackwell) 1 RECASTING. Kazuya Saito. Birkbeck, University of London
To appear in The TESOL encyclopedia of ELT (Wiley-Blackwell) 1 RECASTING Kazuya Saito Birkbeck, University of London Abstract Among the many corrective feedback techniques at ESL/EFL teachers' disposal,
More informationThe Effects of Strategic Planning and Topic Familiarity on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners Written Performance in TBLT
ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 2308-2315, November 2012 Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/tpls.2.11.2308-2315 The Effects of Strategic Planning and Topic
More informationThe Impact of Formative Assessment and Remedial Teaching on EFL Learners Listening Comprehension N A H I D Z A R E I N A S TA R A N YA S A M I
The Impact of Formative Assessment and Remedial Teaching on EFL Learners Listening Comprehension N A H I D Z A R E I N A S TA R A N YA S A M I Formative Assessment The process of seeking and interpreting
More informationText and task authenticity in the EFL classroom
Text and task authenticity in the EFL classroom William Guariento and John Morley There is now a general consensus in language teaching that the use of authentic materials in the classroom is beneficial
More informationListening and Speaking Skills of English Language of Adolescents of Government and Private Schools
Listening and Speaking Skills of English Language of Adolescents of Government and Private Schools Dr. Amardeep Kaur Professor, Babe Ke College of Education, Mudki, Ferozepur, Punjab Abstract The present
More information5. UPPER INTERMEDIATE
Triolearn General Programmes adapt the standards and the Qualifications of Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and Cambridge ESOL. It is designed to be compatible to the local and the regional
More informationThe impact of using electronic dictionary on vocabulary learning and retention of Iranian EFL learners
International Journal of Research Studies in Educational Technology April 2013, Volume 2 Number 1, 35-44 The impact of using electronic dictionary on vocabulary learning and retention of Iranian EFL learners
More informationTHE INFLUENCE OF ENGLISH SONG TOWARD STUDENTS VOCABULARY MASTERY AND STUDENTS MOTIVATION
77 THE INFLUENCE OF ENGLISH SONG TOWARD STUDENTS VOCABULARY MASTERY AND STUDENTS MOTIVATION By Eva Faliyanti Muhammadiyah University of Metro evafaliyanti1980@gmail.com Abstract Learning vocabulary is
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 98 ( 2014 ) International Conference on Current Trends in ELT
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 98 ( 2014 ) 852 858 International Conference on Current Trends in ELT Analyzing English Language Learning
More informationDEVELOPING A CHECKLIST FOR EVALUATING READING COMPREHENSION TEXTBOOKS. SirajulMunir STAIN Batusangkar
DEVELOPING A CHECKLIST FOR EVALUATING READING COMPREHENSION TEXTBOOKS SirajulMunir STAIN Batusangkar Email: sirajulmunir1974@gmail.com Abstract Thepurpose of thepresent study is to explore the features
More informationJOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES ISSN: X Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 13(2), ; 2017
Available online at www.jlls.org JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES ISSN: 1305-578X Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 13(2), 535-560; 2017 Exploring EFL students' use of writing strategies
More informationAND TRANSLATION STUDIES (IJELR)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE, Vol.3.Issue. LITERATURE 1.2016 (Jan-Mar) AND TRANSLATION STUDIES (IJELR) A QUARTERLY, INDEXED, REFEREED AND PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL http://www.ijelr.in
More informationWritten by: YULI AMRIA (RRA1B210085) ABSTRACT. Key words: ability, possessive pronouns, and possessive adjectives INTRODUCTION
STUDYING GRAMMAR OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: STUDENTS ABILITY IN USING POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES IN ONE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN JAMBI CITY Written by: YULI AMRIA (RRA1B210085) ABSTRACT
More informationSecond Language Acquisition in Adults: From Research to Practice
Second Language Acquisition in Adults: From Research to Practice Donna Moss, National Center for ESL Literacy Education Lauren Ross-Feldman, Georgetown University Second language acquisition (SLA) is the
More informationDEVELOPING ENGLISH MATERIALS FOR THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS OF MARITIME VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
LINGUISTIKA AKADEMIA, Special Edition, May 2016 ISSN: 2089-3884 accredited by DGHE (by DGHE (DIKTI), Decree No: 51/Dikti/Kep/2010 87 DEVELOPING ENGLISH MATERIALS FOR THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS OF MARITIME
More informationGeorge Mason University Graduate School of Education Program: Special Education
George Mason University Graduate School of Education Program: Special Education 1 EDSE 590: Research Methods in Special Education Instructor: Margo A. Mastropieri, Ph.D. Assistant: Judy Ericksen Section
More informationTask-Based Language Teaching: An Insight into Teacher Practice
International Journal of Education, Culture and Society 2017; 2(4): 126-131 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijecs doi: 10.11648/j.ijecs.20170204.14 ISSN: 2575-3460 (Print); ISSN: 2575-3363 (Online)
More informationINCREASING STUDENTS ABILITY IN WRITING OF RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH PEER CORRECTION
INCREASING STUDENTS ABILITY IN WRITING OF RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH PEER CORRECTION Jannatun Siti Ayisah, Muhammad Sukirlan, Budi Kadaryanto Email: Ishaaisha@rocketmail.com Mobile Phone: +6285367885479 Institution:
More informationDEVELOPING A PROTOTYPE OF SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL FOR VOCABULARY FOR THE THIRD GRADERS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
DEVELOPING A PROTOTYPE OF SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL FOR VOCABULARY FOR THE THIRD GRADERS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS Dian Lailaningrum and Sri Rachmajanti State University of Malang Email: lailaningrum@gmail.com
More informationAge Effects on Syntactic Control in. Second Language Learning
Age Effects on Syntactic Control in Second Language Learning Miriam Tullgren Loyola University Chicago Abstract 1 This paper explores the effects of age on second language acquisition in adolescents, ages
More informationLanguage Acquisition Chart
Language Acquisition Chart This chart was designed to help teachers better understand the process of second language acquisition. Please use this chart as a resource for learning more about the way people
More informationBy. Candra Pantura Panlaysia Dr. CH. Evy Tri Widyahening, S.S., M.Hum Slamet Riyadi University Surakarta ABSTRACT
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MIND MAPPING TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING LEARNING WRITING ON RECOUNT TEXT (An Experimental Study in the Tenth Grade Students of MAN 2 SurakartaIn 2015/2016 Academic Year) By. Candra Pantura
More informationRunning head: LISTENING COMPREHENSION OF UNIVERSITY REGISTERS 1
Running head: LISTENING COMPREHENSION OF UNIVERSITY REGISTERS 1 Assessing Students Listening Comprehension of Different University Spoken Registers Tingting Kang Applied Linguistics Program Northern Arizona
More informationTEACHERS ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE USE OF FIRST LANGUAGE IN ARABIC CLASSROOM
TEACHERS ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE USE OF FIRST LANGUAGE IN ARABIC CLASSROOM Mohamad Azrien Mohamed Adnan, Academy of Islamic Studies University of Malaya Nilam Puri, Kelantan, Malaysia. Mohd Alwee Yusoff,
More informationIntegrating culture in teaching English as a second language
Book of Proceedings 52 Integrating culture in teaching English as a second language Dr. Anita MUHO Department of Foreign Languages Faculty of Education Aleksandër Moisiu University Durrës, Albania E mail:
More informationTAIWANESE STUDENT ATTITUDES TOWARDS AND BEHAVIORS DURING ONLINE GRAMMAR TESTING WITH MOODLE
TAIWANESE STUDENT ATTITUDES TOWARDS AND BEHAVIORS DURING ONLINE GRAMMAR TESTING WITH MOODLE Ryan Berg TransWorld University Yi-chen Lu TransWorld University Main Points 2 When taking online tests, students
More informationMinistry of Education General Administration for Private Education ELT Supervision
Ministry of Education General Administration for Private Education ELT Supervision Reflective teaching An important asset to professional development Introduction Reflective practice is viewed as a means
More informationExpress, an International Journal of Multi Disciplinary Research ISSN: , Vol. 1, Issue 3, March 2014 Available at: journal.
The Role of Teacher in the Postmethod Era by Mahshad Tasnimi Department of English, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran E-mail: mtasnimi@yahoo.com Abstract In the postmethod era, the role
More informationInternational Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research Volume 5, Issue 20, Winter 2017
Effect of Corrective Feedback on the Acquisition of English Prepositions of Movement and Place in Third-grade High School EFL Learners' Grammar Performance Farzaneh Mir*, Islamic Azad University, Abadan
More informationMatch or Mismatch Between Learning Styles of Prep-Class EFL Students and EFL Teachers
http://e-flt.nus.edu.sg/ Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 2015, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 276 288 Centre for Language Studies National University of Singapore Match or Mismatch Between Learning
More informationAssessing speaking skills:. a workshop for teacher development. Ben Knight
Assessing speaking skills:. a workshop for teacher development Ben Knight Speaking skills are often considered the most important part of an EFL course, and yet the difficulties in testing oral skills
More informationTEXT FAMILIARITY, READING TASKS, AND ESP TEST PERFORMANCE: A STUDY ON IRANIAN LEP AND NON-LEP UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
The Reading Matrix Vol.3. No.1, April 2003 TEXT FAMILIARITY, READING TASKS, AND ESP TEST PERFORMANCE: A STUDY ON IRANIAN LEP AND NON-LEP UNIVERSITY STUDENTS Muhammad Ali Salmani-Nodoushan Email: nodushan@chamran.ut.ac.ir
More informationMaking Sales Calls. Watertown High School, Watertown, Massachusetts. 1 hour, 4 5 days per week
Making Sales Calls Classroom at a Glance Teacher: Language: Eric Bartolotti Arabic I Grades: 9 and 11 School: Lesson Date: April 13 Class Size: 10 Schedule: Watertown High School, Watertown, Massachusetts
More informationLaporan Penelitian Unggulan Prodi
Nama Rumpun Ilmu : Ilmu Sosial Laporan Penelitian Unggulan Prodi THE ROLE OF BAHASA INDONESIA IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AT THE LANGUAGE TRAINING CENTER UMY Oleh: Dedi Suryadi, M.Ed. Ph.D NIDN : 0504047102
More informationEffect of Cognitive Apprenticeship Instructional Method on Auto-Mechanics Students
Effect of Cognitive Apprenticeship Instructional Method on Auto-Mechanics Students Abubakar Mohammed Idris Department of Industrial and Technology Education School of Science and Science Education, Federal
More information1. Drs. Agung Wicaksono, M.Pd. 2. Hj. Rika Riwayatiningsih, M.Pd. BY: M. SULTHON FATHONI NPM: Advised by:
ARTICLE Efektifitas Penggunaan Multimedia terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Siswa Kelas VIII Materi Teks Deskriptif di SMPN 1 Prambon Tahun Akademik 201/2016 The Effectiveness of Using Multimedia to the Students
More informationPerception of Lecturer on Intercultural Competence and Culture Teaching Time (Case Study)
Perception of Lecturer on Intercultural Competence and Culture Teaching Time (Case Study) Enkeleda Jata PhD Cand. European University of Tirana, Albania, enki_jata@yahoo.it Abstract Of all the changes
More informationIMPROVING SPEAKING SKILL OF THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK 17 AGUSTUS 1945 MUNCAR THROUGH DIRECT PRACTICE WITH THE NATIVE SPEAKER
IMPROVING SPEAKING SKILL OF THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK 17 AGUSTUS 1945 MUNCAR THROUGH DIRECT PRACTICE WITH THE NATIVE SPEAKER Mohamad Nor Shodiq Institut Agama Islam Darussalam (IAIDA) Banyuwangi
More informationLANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 11 : 12 December 2011 ISSN
LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume ISSN 1930-2940 Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D. B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.
More informationInternational Conference on Education and Educational Psychology (ICEEPSY 2012)
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 69 ( 2012 ) 984 989 International Conference on Education and Educational Psychology (ICEEPSY 2012) Second language research
More informationApplication of Multimedia Technology in Vocabulary Learning for Engineering Students
Application of Multimedia Technology in Vocabulary Learning for Engineering Students https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v12i01.6153 Xue Shi Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China xuewonder@aliyun.com
More informationLoughton School s curriculum evening. 28 th February 2017
Loughton School s curriculum evening 28 th February 2017 Aims of this session Share our approach to teaching writing, reading, SPaG and maths. Share resources, ideas and strategies to support children's
More informationCurriculum and Assessment Guide (CAG) Elementary California Treasures First Grade
Curriculum and Assessment Guide (CAG) Elementary 2012-2013 California Treasures First Grade 1 2 English Language Arts CORE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS 2012-2013 Grade 1 Macmillan/McGraw-Hill California Treasures
More informationInternational Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS) Volume 4 Issue 5, May 2017 ISSN:
Effectiveness Of Using Video Presentation In Teaching Biology Over Conventional Lecture Method Among Ninth Standard Students Of Matriculation Schools In Coimbatore District Ms. Shigee.K Master of Education,
More informationProfessional Development Guideline for Instruction Professional Practice of English Pre-Service Teachers in Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University
Professional Development Guideline for Instruction Professional Practice of English Pre-Service Teachers in Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Pintipa Seubsang and Suttipong Boonphadung, Member, IEDRC Abstract
More informationCHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Research Method 1. Research Design In this study, the researcher uses an experimental with the form of quasi experimental design, the researcher used because in fact difficult
More informationAuthor: Justyna Kowalczys Stowarzyszenie Angielski w Medycynie (PL) Feb 2015
Author: Justyna Kowalczys Stowarzyszenie Angielski w Medycynie (PL) www.angielskiwmedycynie.org.pl Feb 2015 Developing speaking abilities is a prerequisite for HELP in order to promote effective communication
More informationDESIGNING NARRATIVE LEARNING MATERIAL AS A GUIDANCE FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN LEARNING NARRATIVE TEXT
DESIGNING NARRATIVE LEARNING MATERIAL AS A GUIDANCE FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN LEARNING NARRATIVE TEXT Islamic University of Nahdlatul Ulama, Jepara Email : apriliamuzakki@gmail.com ABSTRACT There
More informationIntegrating Grammar in Adult TESOL Classrooms
Applied Linguistics 29/3: 456 482 ß Oxford University Press 2008 doi:10.1093/applin/amn020 Integrating Grammar in Adult TESOL Classrooms 1 SIMON BORG and 2 ANNE BURNS 1 University of Leeds, UK, 2 Macquarie
More informationESL Curriculum and Assessment
ESL Curriculum and Assessment Terms Syllabus Content of a course How it is organized How it will be tested Curriculum Broader term, process Describes what will be taught, in what order will it be taught,
More informationThe Effects of Jigsaw and GTM on the Reading Comprehension Achievement of the Second Grade of Senior High School Students.
The Effects of Jigsaw and GTM on the Reading Comprehension Achievement of the Second Grade of Senior High School Students Yullia Rossiana Abstract. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness
More informationMonitoring Metacognitive abilities in children: A comparison of children between the ages of 5 to 7 years and 8 to 11 years
Monitoring Metacognitive abilities in children: A comparison of children between the ages of 5 to 7 years and 8 to 11 years Abstract Takang K. Tabe Department of Educational Psychology, University of Buea
More informationLinking the Common European Framework of Reference and the Michigan English Language Assessment Battery Technical Report
Linking the Common European Framework of Reference and the Michigan English Language Assessment Battery Technical Report Contact Information All correspondence and mailings should be addressed to: CaMLA
More informationEffective practices of peer mentors in an undergraduate writing intensive course
Effective practices of peer mentors in an undergraduate writing intensive course April G. Douglass and Dennie L. Smith * Department of Teaching, Learning, and Culture, Texas A&M University This article
More informationScienceDirect. Noorminshah A Iahad a *, Marva Mirabolghasemi a, Noorfa Haszlinna Mustaffa a, Muhammad Shafie Abd. Latif a, Yahya Buntat b
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Scien ce s 93 ( 2013 ) 2200 2204 3rd World Conference on Learning, Teaching and Educational Leadership WCLTA 2012
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 197 ( 2015 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 197 ( 2015 ) 589 594 7th World Conference on Educational Sciences, (WCES-2015), 05-07 February 2015, Novotel
More informationIraqi EFL Students' Achievement In The Present Tense And Present Passive Constructions
Iraqi EFL Students' Achievement In The Present Tense And Present Passive Constructions Shurooq Abudi Ali University Of Baghdad College Of Arts English Department Abstract The present tense and present
More informationThe Acquisition of English Grammatical Morphemes: A Case of Iranian EFL Learners
105 By Fatemeh Behjat & Firooz Sadighi The Acquisition of English Grammatical Morphemes: A Case of Iranian EFL Learners Fatemeh Behjat fb_304@yahoo.com Islamic Azad University, Abadeh Branch, Iran Fatemeh
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 209 ( 2015 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 209 ( 2015 ) 503 508 International conference Education, Reflection, Development, ERD 2015, 3-4 July 2015,
More informationEnglish for Specific Purposes World ISSN Issue 34, Volume 12, 2012 TITLE:
TITLE: The English Language Needs of Computer Science Undergraduate Students at Putra University, Author: 1 Affiliation: Faculty Member Department of Languages College of Arts and Sciences International
More informationApplying Second Language Acquisition Research to English Language Teaching in Taiwan
International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature (IJSELL) Volume 1, Issue 2 (July 2013), PP 1-12 ISSN 2347-3126 (Print) & ISSN 2347-3134 (Online) www.arcjournals.org Applying Second
More informationCambridge English Empower: bringing Learning Oriented Assessment into the classroom
Cambridge English Empower: bringing Learning Oriented Assessment into the classroom Aims By the end of the session we will have: examined a Learning Oriented Assessment cycle seen how it can help teachers
More informationA THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FORA TASK-BASED SYLLABUS FOR PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN SOUTH AFRICA
241 CHAPTER 7 A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FORA TASK-BASED SYLLABUS FOR PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN SOUTH AFRICA 7.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter is a synthesis of what has been discussed thus far; ESL in the primary school
More informationLanguage Arts: ( ) Instructional Syllabus. Teachers: T. Beard address
Renaissance Middle School 7155 Hall Road Fairburn, Georgia 30213 Phone: 770-306-4330 Fax: 770-306-4338 Dr. Sandra DeShazier, Principal Benzie Brinson, 7 th grade Administrator Language Arts: (2013-2014)
More informationMASTER S THESIS GUIDE MASTER S PROGRAMME IN COMMUNICATION SCIENCE
MASTER S THESIS GUIDE MASTER S PROGRAMME IN COMMUNICATION SCIENCE University of Amsterdam Graduate School of Communication Kloveniersburgwal 48 1012 CX Amsterdam The Netherlands E-mail address: scripties-cw-fmg@uva.nl
More informationEFL teachers and students perspectives on the use of electronic dictionaries for learning English
EFL teachers and students perspectives on the use of electronic dictionaries for learning English Reza Dashtestani (rdashtestani@ut.ac.ir) University of Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Abstract Despite
More informationTHE EFFECTS OF TASK COMPLEXITY ALONG RESOURCE-DIRECTING AND RESOURCE-DISPERSING FACTORS ON EFL LEARNERS WRITTEN PERFORMANCE
THE EFFECTS OF TASK COMPLEXITY ALONG RESOURCE-DIRECTING AND RESOURCE-DISPERSING FACTORS ON EFL LEARNERS WRITTEN PERFORMANCE Zahra Talebi PhD candidate in TEFL, Faculty of Humanities, University of Payame
More informationCOMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING
COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING There are many ways to teach language. One is called Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). This method is learner-centered and emphasizes communication and real-life situations.
More informationTravis Park, Assoc Prof, Cornell University Donna Pearson, Assoc Prof, University of Louisville. NACTEI National Conference Portland, OR May 16, 2012
Travis Park, Assoc Prof, Cornell University Donna Pearson, Assoc Prof, University of Louisville NACTEI National Conference Portland, OR May 16, 2012 NRCCTE Partners Four Main Ac5vi5es Research (Scientifically-based)!!
More informationThe Contribution of Electronic and Paper Dictionaries to Iranian EFL Learner's Vocabulary Learning
International J. Soc. Sci. & Education 2012 Vol. 2 Issue 4, ISSN: 2223-4934 E and 2227-393X Print The Contribution of Electronic and Paper Dictionaries to Iranian EFL Learner's Vocabulary Learning By 1
More informationATW 202. Business Research Methods
ATW 202 Business Research Methods Course Outline SYNOPSIS This course is designed to introduce students to the research methods that can be used in most business research and other research related to
More informationPromoting Students Speaking Skill by Using Pair Taping to the Eleventh Grade Students of SMK PGRI Kayuagung
Promoting Students Speaking Skill by Using Pair Taping to the Eleventh Grade Students of SMK PGRI Kayuagung Dewi Sartika and Rumiyati Islamic University of Ogan Komering Ilir (UNISKI) Kayuagung faizahuwieks@yahoo.co.id
More informationTHE IMPLEMENTATION OF SPEED READING TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SPEED READING TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT Fusthaathul Rizkoh 1, Jos E. Ohoiwutun 2, Nur Sehang Thamrin 3 Abstract This study investigated that the implementation
More informationArizona s English Language Arts Standards th Grade ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION HIGH ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR STUDENTS
Arizona s English Language Arts Standards 11-12th Grade ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION HIGH ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR STUDENTS 11 th -12 th Grade Overview Arizona s English Language Arts Standards work together
More informationTable of Contents. Prologue... 3
Table of Contents Prologue... 3 Unit 1 Theories and Approaches... 3 Approaches to Language Teaching... 4 The Role of Grammar in Language Teaching... 7 Which methodology is best?... 8 Activities Unit 1...
More informationIMPROVING THE STUDENTS ENGLISH VOCABULARY MASTERY THROUGH PUZZLE GAME AT THE SIXTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SDN 1 SODONG GUNUNGHALU
IMPROVING THE STUDENTS ENGLISH VOCABULARY MASTERY THROUGH PUZZLE GAME AT THE SIXTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SDN 1 SODONG GUNUNGHALU ABDUL ROSMAN e-mail:rosman_28@yahoo.co.id English Education Study Program Language
More informationCHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. together and language learning is supposed to happen. As stated by
A. Review of Related Literature 1. Classroom Interaction CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The classroom is the place where lecturers and learners come together and language learning is supposed
More informationSyntactic and Lexical Simplification: The Impact on EFL Listening Comprehension at Low and High Language Proficiency Levels
ISSN 1798-4769 Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 566-571, May 2014 Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/jltr.5.3.566-571 Syntactic and Lexical Simplification: The Impact on
More informationRunning head: DEVELOPING MULTIPLICATION AUTOMATICTY 1. Examining the Impact of Frustration Levels on Multiplication Automaticity.
Running head: DEVELOPING MULTIPLICATION AUTOMATICTY 1 Examining the Impact of Frustration Levels on Multiplication Automaticity Jessica Hanna Eastern Illinois University DEVELOPING MULTIPLICATION AUTOMATICITY
More informationCLASSIFICATION OF PROGRAM Critical Elements Analysis 1. High Priority Items Phonemic Awareness Instruction
CLASSIFICATION OF PROGRAM Critical Elements Analysis 1 Program Name: Macmillan/McGraw Hill Reading 2003 Date of Publication: 2003 Publisher: Macmillan/McGraw Hill Reviewer Code: 1. X The program meets
More informationAfsaneh Rahimi Tehrani University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Hossein Barati English Department, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 968-976, June 2013 Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/tpls.3.6.968-976 The Effect of Methodology on Learning Vocabulary and
More informationThe assessment of Bosnian EFL learners knowledge by two different measures: test and writing assignment
ExELL (Explorations in English Language and Linguistics) DOI: 10.1515/exell-2017-0006 Original scientific article The assessment of Bosnian EFL learners knowledge by two different measures: test and writing
More informationThe Effect of Personality Factors on Learners' View about Translation
Copyright 2013 Scienceline Publication International Journal of Applied Linguistic Studies Volume 2, Issue 3: 60-64 (2013) ISSN 2322-5122 The Effect of Personality Factors on Learners' View about Translation
More informationPEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR COURSES OFFERED BY MATESOL PROGRAMS IN FLORIDA
Keith S. Folse, University of Central Florida Kate Brummett, University of Central Florida PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR COURSES OFFERED BY MATESOL PROGRAMS IN FLORIDA Written by a TESOL professor and an MATESOL
More informationDOES OUR EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ENHANCE CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION AMONG GIFTED STUDENTS?
DOES OUR EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ENHANCE CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION AMONG GIFTED STUDENTS? M. Aichouni 1*, R. Al-Hamali, A. Al-Ghamdi, A. Al-Ghonamy, E. Al-Badawi, M. Touahmia, and N. Ait-Messaoudene 1 University
More information