Complex Phases. Lesson 1: Infinitives

Transcription

1 /45 Name: Period: Complex Phases **If you missed a lesson due to an absence, you are expected to do the lesson on your own at home AND to correct the lesson before turning it in. If I do not see evidence of correction on your lessons (i.e. you did them wrong and you didn t correct them), then you will not get credit for that lesson. Lesson 1: Infinitives /05 Infinitive = a word that uses to plus a verb form. Ex. to be, to be seen Infinitives can be used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. In other words, they can show up almost anywhere in the sentence. o Infinitives can be a/an... subject Ex. To eat is fun. direct object Ex. I like to eat. subject complement Ex. A fun thing is to eat. object of a preposition Ex. The girl wanted nothing but to succeed. appositive Ex. My goal, to win the contest, was almost realized. adjective Ex. This must be the best route to take. adverb Ex. We should study to learn. Do not confuse infinitives with prepositional phrases. If the word after to is a noun, then you have a prepositional phrase, not an infinitive. o Ex. Orin went to New York to study. Diagramming Infinitives Noun Infinitive Adjective/Adverb Infinitive Instructions: Diagram the following sentences for all the sentence parts you have learned to diagram so far. 1. The Tigers are the team to beat.

2 2. To cheat is a sign of weakness. 3. The mule refused to budge. 4. Yesterday, Alvin called to apologize. 5. The woman s hobbies were to camp and to hike.

3 Lesson 2: Infinitive Phrases 1 /05 Infinitive = a word that uses to plus a verb form. Ex. to be, to be seen Infinitives can be used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. In other words, they can show up almost anywhere in the sentence. Infinitive Phrase = an infinitive that has taken subject complements, direct objects, and/or modifiers. Do not confuse infinitive phrases with prepositional phrases. If the word after to is a noun, then you have a prepositional phrase, not an infinitive. o Ex. Orin went to New York to study music. Diagramming Infinitive Phrases Instructions: Diagram the following sentences for all the sentence parts you have learned to diagram so far. 1. To save money for a rainy day is a good idea. 2. The kids went to see the circus.

4 3. Your idea to spend the day together sounds great. 4. My hope, to travel, may never be achieved. 5. I invited my best friend, Dora, to spend the weekend.

5 Lesson 3: Infinitive Phrases 2 /05 Infinitive = a word that uses to plus a verb form. Ex. to be, to be seen Infinitives can be used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. In other words, they can show up almost anywhere in the sentence. Infinitive Phrase = an infinitive that has taken subject complements, direct objects, and/or modifiers. Do not confuse infinitive phrases with prepositional phrases. If the word after to is a noun, then you have a prepositional phrase, not an infinitive. o Ex. Orin went to New York to study music. Diagramming Infinitive Phrases Instructions: Diagram the following sentences for all the sentence parts you have learned to diagram so far. 1. The man s goal was to attend college and to study law. 2. Some children like to play in sand piles. 3. The inspector came to check the dam for leaks.

6 4. To stop a car suddenly can be dangerous. 5. Norma Ellis, a local TV reporter, was the first to report the fire.

7 Lesson 4: Participles 1 /05 Participle = a verbal used as an adjective. A participle can take any verb form. Because participles act as adjectives, they describes nouns or pronouns. Participles can come before or after the word they modify. Ex. The squeaking wheel needs some grease. Diagramming Participles Instructions: Diagram the following sentences for all the sentence parts you have learned to diagram so far. 1. This restaurant has an interesting but limited menu. 2. Marc, a professional actor, auditioned for the casting director. 3. Having been scolded, the puppy gave a mournful whimper.

8 4. Raoul brought the injured hawk to the veterinarian. 5. Marilyn wished on the falling star.

9 Lesson 5: Participle Phrases 1 /05 Participle = a verbal used as an adjective. A participle can take any verb form. Participle Phrase = a participial that has taken complements, objects, and/or modifiers. Ex. Hearing Dad s voice, the child gave a squeal. Diagramming Participle Phrases Instructions: Diagram the following sentences for all the sentence parts you have learned to diagram so far. 1. Watching the sunset, I found a beautiful moment. 2. The package wrapped with red paper was delivered by the mailman. 3. Travelers may collect stickers advertising scenic resorts.

10 4. Having forgotten her lines, Jena fled from the stage. 5. The loudly barking dog would not be quiet.

11 Lesson 6: Participle Phrases 2 /05 Participle = a verbal used as an adjective. A participle can take any verb form. Do not confuse participles that end in -ing with gerunds. Participles are used as adjectives; gerunds are used as nouns. Participle Phrase = a participial that has taken complements, objects, and/or modifiers. Ex. Hearing Dad s voice, the child gave a squeal. Diagramming Participle Phrases Instructions: Diagram the following sentences for all the sentence parts you have learned to diagram so far. 1. I really liked the blue sports car sitting in the showroom. 2. The decayed and crumbling wall is dangerous. 3. The woman sitting on the park bench fed the pigeons, the rats of the bird world.

12 4. Seeing a peddler and forgetting her promise, Snow White opened the door. 5. Cornered by two dogs, the cat clawed wildly in self-defense.

13 Lesson 7: Gerunds 1 /05 Gerund = a verbal ending in ing and used as a noun. Because a gerund is a noun, it can be found in various parts of a sentence. o Gerunds can be a/an... subject Ex. Reading is fun. direct object Ex. Susan adores singing. subject complement Ex. Her favorite activity was riding. indirect object Ex. Lou gave skiing a single try. object of a preposition Ex. Steve was not fond of raking. Just because a word ends in ing does not mean it is a gerund. Remember, verbs can also end in ing. The key is HOW the word is used in the sentence. o Ex. Her favorite activity was riding. (Noun) She was riding her horse when the news came. (Verb) Do not confuse participles that end in -ing with gerunds. Participles are used as adjectives; gerunds are used as nouns. Diagramming Gerunds Instructions: Diagram the following sentences for all the sentence parts you have learned to diagram so far. 1. Since childhood, Tony has shown a love of learning. 2. On summer nights, the family enjoys barbecuing.

14 3. Swimming and running are not my favorite sports. 4. Jogging is a popular form of exercise. 5. She expanded her vocabulary by reading and writing.

15 Lesson 8: Gerund Phrases 1 /05 Gerund = a verbal ending in ing and used as a noun. Because a gerund is a noun, it can be found in various parts of a sentence. Just because a word ends in ing does not mean it is a gerund. Remember, verbs can also end in ing. The key is how the word is used in the sentence. o Ex. Her favorite activity was riding. (Noun) She was riding her horse when the news came. (Verb) Gerund Phrase = a gerund that has taken a direct object, subject compliment, and/or modifiers (adjectives, adverbs, or prepositional phrases). When you have a gerund phrase, the ENTIRE phrase serves as a subject, direct object, subject complement, indirect object, and/or object of the preposition. o Ex. Eating solid foods is hard for babies. Diagramming Gerund Phrases Instructions: Diagram the following sentences for all the sentence parts you have learned to diagram so far. 1. Ben s worst faults are snoring and tossing in his sleep. 2. Has your father tried spraying his peach tree?

16 3. The judges gave Mel s skating a score of nine. 4. In some countries, tourists can be arrested for taking pictures. 5. My job, supervising a playground, is not easy work.

17 Lesson 9: Gerund Phrases 2 /06 Gerund = a verbal ending in ing and used as a noun. Because a gerund is a noun, it can be found in various parts of a sentence. Just because a word ends in ing does not mean it is a gerund. Remember, verbs can also end in ing. The key is how the word is used in the sentence. o Ex. Her favorite activity was riding. (Noun) She was riding her horse when the news came. (Verb) Gerund Phrase = a gerund that has taken a direct object, subject compliment, and/or modifiers (adjectives, adverbs, or prepositional phrases). When you have a gerund phrase, the ENTIRE phrase serves as a subject, direct object, subject complement, indirect object, and/or object of the preposition. o Ex. Eating solid foods is hard for babies. Diagramming Gerund Phrases Instructions: Diagram the following sentences for all the sentence parts you have learned to diagram so far. 1. Recognizing shapes and colors is important for preschoolers. 2. Jeff likes hiking the Grand Canyon and camping in the fall.

18 3. Cooking gourmet meals can be very expensive. 4. Tess entered the house without disturbing anyone. 5. During her free time, Michelle enjoys reading.