Skill 1.6: Understands the basic elements of literature and informational texts... 12

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1 T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s D O M A I N I READING AND LANGUAGE ARTS (5032)... 1 C O M P E T E N C Y READING... 2 Skill 1.1: Understands key ideas relevant to the foundations of literacy and reading development (e.g., language acquisition, support of second-language learners, concepts of print)...2 Skill 1.2: Understands the role of phonological awareness (e.g., rhyming, phonemic deletion and substitution, segmenting onsets and rimes), and phonics and word analysis skills (e.g., letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, morphology) in literacy development...5 Skill 1.3: Understands the role of fluency (e.g., rate, accuracy, and prosody) in supporting comprehension...7 Skill 1.4: Knows the stages of early orthographic development (e.g., drawing pictures, scribble, letter-sound correspondence in word writing)...9 Skill 1.5: Understands the role of comprehension (e.g., role of prior knowledge, referring to explicit and inferred text details and examples, metacognition) Skill 1.6: Understands the basic elements of literature and informational texts Skill 1.7: Understands the basic elements of poetry (e.g., verse, rhythm, meter) and drama (e.g., puppetry, story theatre) Skill 1.8: Understands how to determine the meanings of words and phrases as used in texts, including figurative language (e.g., metaphor, simile, alliteration) C O M P E T E N C Y LANGUAGE, WRITING, AND COMMUNICATION...24 Skill 2.1: Knows the components of written language (e.g., elements of grammar, usage, syntax) Skill 2.2: Knows sentence types (e.g., declarative, imperative) and sentence structure (e.g., simple, compound, complex) Skill 2.3: Understands the basic components of vocabulary (e.g., affixes, root words, context clues) Skill 2.4: Knows types (e.g., narrative, persuasive, journaling) and traits (e.g., tone, purpose, audience) of writing Skill 2.5: Knows the stages of the writing process (e.g., draft, edit, publish) Skill 2.6: Knows structures (e.g., description, definition, examples) and organization (e.g., descriptive, comparison/ contrast, persuasion) of writing iii

2 praxis Skill 2.7: Understands how to use resource material (e.g., types of resources, graphic organizers) in reading and language arts Skill 2.8: Understands different aspects of speaking (e.g., purpose, audience, tone) Skill 2.9: Understands different aspects of listening (e.g., following directions, responding to questions appropriately, focusing on the speaker) Skill 2.10: Understands different aspects of viewing (e.g., interpreting images, evaluating media techniques, understanding the message) Skill 2.11: Understands the role that speaking, listening, and viewing play in language acquisition for second-language learners D O M A I N I I MATHEMATICS (5033)...57 C O M P E T E N C Y Number Operations and Algebraic Thinking...58 Skill 3.1: Understands prenumeration concepts (e.g., informal counting, meaning of number, patterns) Skill 3.2: Understands basic number systems (e.g., whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, fractions, decimals) Skill 3.3: Understands four basic operations (i.e., addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) and their properties (e.g., commutative, associative, distributive, order of operations) Skill 3.4: Understands basic concepts of number theory (e.g., factors, multiples, place value, odd/even, prime/composite) Skill 3.5: Understands how to solve problems, including word problems, using multiple strategies (e.g., modeling, estimation, algorithms) and assess the reasonableness of results Skill 3.6: Understands how to generate, describe, and explore numerical patterns and engage in mathematical investigations Skill 3.7: Understands basic algebraic methods and representations (e.g., variables, expressions, ordered pairs, tables, graphs) Skill 3.8: Understands the associative, commutative, and distributive properties Skill 3.9: Understands additive and multiplicative inverses Skill 3.10: Understands the special properties of zero and one Skill 3.11: Understands equations and inequalities Skill 3.12: Understands the appropriate application of formulas iv P r a x i s E l e m e n t a r y E d u c a t i o n : M u l t i p l e S u b j e c t s ( )

3 C O M P E T E N C Y GEOMETRY, MEASUREMENT, DATA, AND INTERPRETATION...88 Skill 4.1: Understands properties and attributes of two- or three-dimensional figures and their hierarchy of classification Skill 4.2: Understands transformations (i.e., rotations, reflections, and translations), geometric models, and nets Skill 4.3: Understands nonstandard, customary, and metric units of measurement (e.g., length, time, temperature, volume, mass) Skill 4.4: Understands visual displays of quantitative data (e.g., picture graphs, bar graphs, pie charts, line plots) Skill 4.5: Understands simple probability and intuitive concepts of chance (e.g., flipping a coin, spinning a spinner, rolling a number cube) Skill 4.6: Understands fundamental counting techniques (e.g., permutations, combinations, tree diagrams) Skill 4.7: Understands basic descriptive statistics (i.e., mean, median, mode, and range) D O M A I N I I I SOCIAL STUDIES (5034) C O M P E T E N C Y UNITED STATES HISTORY, GOVERNMENT, AND CITIZENSHIP Skill 5.1: Knows European exploration and colonization in United States history and growth and expansion of the United States Skill 5.2: Knows about the American Revolution and the founding of the nation in United States history Skill 5.3: Knows the major events and developments in United States history from founding to present (e.g., westward expansion, industrialization, Great Depression) Skill 5.4: Knows about twentieth-century developments and transformations in the United States (e.g., assembly line, space age) Skill 5.5: Understands connections between causes and effects of events Skill 5.6: Understands the nature, purpose, and forms (e.g., federal, state, local) of government Skill 5.7: Knows key documents and speeches in the history of the United States (e.g., United States Constitution, Declaration of Independence, Gettysburg Address) Skill 5.8: Knows the rights and responsibilities of citizenship in a democracy v

4 praxis C O M P E T E N C Y GEOGRAPHY, ANTHROPOLOGY, AND SOCIOLOGY Skill 6.1: Knows world and regional geography (e.g., spatial terms, places, and regions) Skill 6.2: Understands the interaction of physical and human systems (e.g., how humans change the environment, how the environment changes humans, importance of natural and human resources) Skill 6.3: Knows the uses of geography (e.g., apply geography to interpret past, to interpret present, to plan for future) Skill 6.4: Knows how people of different cultural backgrounds interact with their environment, family, neighborhoods, and communities C O M P E T E N C Y WORLD HISTORY AND ECONOMICS Skill 7.1: Knows the major contributions of classical civilizations (e.g., Egypt, Greece, Rome) Skill 7.2: Understands twentieth-century developments and transformations in World history Skill 7.3: Understands the role of cross-cultural comparisons in World history instruction Skill 7.4: Knows key terms and basic concepts of economics (e.g., supply and demand, scarcity and choice, money and resources) Skill 7.5: Understands how economics affects population, resources, and technology Skill 7.6: Understands the government s role in economics and impact of economics on government D O M A I N I V SCIENCE (5035) C O M P E T E N C Y EARTH SCIENCE Skill 8.1: Understands the structure of the Earth system (e.g., structure and properties of the solid Earth, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere) Skill 8.2: Understands processes of the Earth system (e.g., earth processes of the solid Earth, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere) Skill 8.3: Understands Earth history (e.g., origin of Earth, paleontology, the rock record) Skill 8.4: Understands Earth and the universe (e.g., stars and galaxies, the solar system and planets; Earth, Sun, and Moon relationships) Skill 8.5: Understands Earth patterns, cycles, and change Skill 8.6: Understands science as a human endeavor, process, and career Skill 8.7: Understands science as inquiry (e.g., questioning, gathering data, drawing reasonable conclusions) Skill 8.8: Understands how to use resource and research material in science Skill 8.9: Understands the unifying processes of science (e.g., systems, order, and organization) vi P r a x i s E l e m e n t a r y E d u c a t i o n : M u l t i p l e S u b j e c t s ( )

5 C O M P E T E N C Y LIFE SCIENCE Skill 9.1: Understands the structure and function of living systems (e.g., living characteristics and cells, tissues and organs, life processes) Skill 9.2: Understands reproduction and heredity (e.g., growth and development, patterns of inheritance of traits, molecular basis of heredity) Skill 9.3: Understands change over time in living things (e.g., life cycles, mutations, adaptation and natural selection) Skill 9.4: Understands regulation and behavior (e.g., life cycles, responses to external stimuli, controlling the internal environment) Skill 9.5: Understands unity and diversity of life, adaptation, and classification Skill 9.6: Understands the interdependence of organisms (e.g., ecosystems, populations, communities) Skill 9.7: Knows about personal health (e.g., nutrition, communicable diseases, substance abuse) Skill 9.8: Understands science as a human endeavor, process, and career Skill 9.9: Understands science as inquiry (e.g., questioning, gathering data, drawing reasonable conclusions) Skill 9.10: Understands how to use resource and research material in science Skill 9.11: Understands the unifying processes of science (e.g., systems, order, and organization) C O M P E T E N C Y PHYSICAL SCIENCE Skill 10.1: Understands the physical and chemical properties and structure of matter (e.g., changes of states, mixtures and solutions, atoms and elements) Skill 10.2: Understands forces and motions (e.g., types of motion, laws of motion, forces and equilibrium) Skill 10.3: Understands energy (e.g., forms of energy, transfer and conservation of energy, simple machines) Skill 10.4: Understands interactions of energy and matter (e.g., electricity, magnetism, sound) Skill 10.5: Understands science as a human endeavor, process, and career Skill 10.6: Understands science as inquiry (e.g., questioning, gathering data, drawing reasonable conclusions) Skill 10.7: Understands how to use resource and research material in science Skill 10.8: Understands the unifying processes of science (e.g., systems, order, and organization) S A M P L E T E S T Sample Test Sample Test with Rationales Answer Key vii