Evidence for Phonetic Features: speech errors

Transcription

1 Evidence for Phonetic Features: speech errors

2 Example 1 Intended Actually produced big and fat pig and vat

3 Example 1 Intended Actually produced big and fat pig and vat + voiced + labial + stop - voiced + labiodental + fricative - voiced + labial + stop + voiced + labiodental + fricative voicing is known about separately to the other features

4 Example 2 Intended Actually produced Is Pat a girl? Is bat a curl?

5 Example 2 Intended Actually produced Is Pat a girl? Is bat a curl? - voiced + labial + stop + voiced + velar + stop + voiced + labial + stop - voiced + velar + stop voicing is known about separately to the other features

6 Example 3 Intended Actually produced Cedars of Lebanon Cedars of Lemmanon

7 Example 3 Intended Actually produced Cedars of Lebanon Cedars of Lemmanon + voiced + labial + stop + voiced + alveolar + nasal +voiced + labial + nasal + voiced + alveolar + nasal nasal is known about separately to the other features

8 Moving from sounds to language ー from phonetics to phonology

9 Phonetics and Phonology

10 Phonetics & Phonology Phonetics is about the actual sounds that are made in language and languages Phonology is about how languages divide up the individual sounds into units for making distinct meaning-carrying elements (words and morphemes)

11 Grouping sounds together light hell milk leopard bold late leak close lick luck tulip film

12 Phonetic representation

13 Ä Complementary distribution [l] [ ] before : E, I, i everywhere else

14 Phonetics & Phonology the actual sounds involved are different [l] [ ] but English groups these together as a single abstract sound, or phoneme.

15 let [let] tell [te ] [tel]

16 let [let] tell [te ] [ Et]

17 let [let] tell [te ] [ Et] [tel] COMPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION

18 Phonetics [let] [te ] [l] [ ] phones

19 Phonetics Phonemics [let] /let/ [te ] /tel/ abstract sounds: the units that a language distinguishes in order to make up its words

20 Phonetics Phonemics [let] /let/ [te ] /tel/ /l/ [l] [ ] phoneme phones

21 Ä Complementary distribution [l] [ ] before : E, I, i elsewhere

22 Complementary distribution [l] [ ] allophones

23 Complementary distribution [l] [ ] of the phoneme /l/ allophones

24 Phonological Rule /l/ [l] / _E, I, i [ ] / elsewhere

25 Description vs. Prescription Description describing how language is, systematising our observations in order to serve as a basis for proposing theories. Empirical. Proscription / Prescription saying how language should be, based on norms and social standards, sense(s) of aesthetics, folk -feelings about language. Not linguistic!

26 Description vs. Prescription Description describing how language is, systematising our observations in order to serve as a basis for proposing theories. Empirical. Proscription / Prescription saying how language should be, based on norms and social standards, sense(s) of aesthetics, folk -feelings about language. Not linguistic!

27 Phonological Rule /l/ [l] / _E, I, i [ ] / elsewhere

28 Phonetics & Phonology Phonetics is about the actual sounds that are made in language and languages Phonology is about how languages divide up the individual sounds into units for making distinct meaning-carrying elements (words and morphemes)

29 Phones, Phonemes, Language Which phones are allophones of which phonemes depends on the language!! For example: Chinese / Japanese does not distinguish [l] and [ ], some other languages do! English does not distinguish [p] and [ph], some other languages do!

30 Phones, Phonemes, Language The phonological system of a language defines which abstract sounds are available to distinguish meanings It defines abstract sounds, or phonemes, as a collection of actual sounds (phones) that are not distinguished by speakers of the language.

31 Phones, Phonemes, Language English [p] [ph] /p/ /l/ /r/ [ ] Ø [l] [ ] phonology phonetics

32 Phones, Phonemes, Language [ph]??? [p] [ ] [ ] [l] phonology phonetics

33 Phones, Phonemes, Language Thai /p h / [ph] /p/ /l/ [p] [l] [ ] phonology phonetics

34 Phones, Phonemes, Language The phonological system of a language defines which abstract sounds are available to distinguish meanings It defines abstract sounds, or phonemes, as a collection of actual sounds (phones) that are not distinguished by speakers of the language.