Esperanto. La ŝalmisto de Hamelin

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1 Esperanto La ŝalmisto de Hamelin

2 28 letters = 28 sounds Aa Bb Cc Ĉĉ Dd Ee Ff Gg Ĝĝ Hh Ĥĥ Ii Jj Ĵĵ Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Rr Ss Ŝŝ Tt Uu Ŭŭ Vv Zz Emphasis: last but one syllable

3 5 vowels: a (ah), e (net), i (meet), o (hope), u (boot)

4 C : ts (bats)

5 Ĉ : ch (chat)

6 G : g (got)

7 Ĝ : g (giant)

8 Ĥ :...ch (loch)

9 j : y (yes)

10 Ĵ : (pleasure)

11 Ŝ : sh (she)

12 Ŭ : w, only aŭ (how) and eŭ (vewy vewy cewfuw)

13 Grammar Accusative : -n Object Ommiting preposition No genders Nouns: -o Plural: -j Adjectives: -a Adverbs: -e

14 Object : -n

15

16 What chases the cat? A mouse? A dog?

17 What chases the cat? A mouse? A dog? muso kato hundo ĉasas: chases kio: what -n: object

18 What chases the cat? A mouse? A dog? muso kato hundo ĉasas: chases kio: what -n: object Kio ĉasas la katon? Kion ĉasas la kato?

19 Ommiting preposition : -n

20 Nouns: -o

21 Plural: -j

22 Adjectives: -a

23 adverbs: -e

24 Conjugations Mi estas Vi estas Li, ŝi, ĝi estas Ni estas Vi estas Ili estas Mi havas Vi havas Li, ŝi, ĝi havas Ni havas Vi havas Ili havas Mi amas Vi amas Li amas Ni amas Vi amas Ili amas Present tense: -as (today)

25 Past: -is (yisterday (scottish))

26 Future time: -os (tomorrow)

27 Infinitive: -i

28 Request/order : -u

29 Conditional mood: -us Se ili ne pagus, ili ne rehavus la infanojn

30 Present active participle: -ant

31 Participles

32 Participles active passive future present past

33 Participles esti estas fraponta frapanta frapinta active passive future present past

34 Participles esti estas fraponta frapanta frapinta la fraponto la frapanto la frapinto active passive future present past

35 Participles esti estas fraponta frapanta frapinta la fraponto la frapanto la frapinto frapota frapata frapita la frapoto la frapato la frapito future present active passive past

36 Participles esti estis estas estos fraponta frapanta frapinta la fraponto la frapanto la frapinto frapota frapata frapita la frapoto la frapato la frapito future present active passive past

37 45 correlatives or table words (5 x 9) -u question pointer universal indefinite negative ktĉ-inen- person / selection -o thing (noun) -a kind (adj.) -es possession -el manner -e place -am time -om amount -al reason

38 K-i-al : question + reason => why

39 K-i-el : question + manner => how

40 K-i-e : question + place => where

41 T-i-u : pointer + selection => that

42 T-i-om : pointer + amount => so much, so many

43 -I-u : indefinite + selection => some

44 Ĉ-i-u : universal + selection => each

45 Nen-i-am : negative + time => never

46 Learning 15 ( i-) Knowing 45 (5 x 9) -u question pointer universal indefinite negative ktĉ-inen- person / selection -o thing (noun) -a kind (adj.) -es possession -el manner -e place -am time -om amount -al reason

47 Prefixes and suffixes Changes the meaning Can be applied to a lot of words => learning a few words making a lot of words => less root words needed

48 -ist : profession or hobby

49 Mal- : opposite

50 -estr : head, chief

51 -ul : one characterized by the root

52 Re- : over again, back again

53 -ar : collective group

54 -an : member, follower, participant, inhabitant

55 Conclusion Only 16 grammar rules without exceptions Less word roots => relatively easy Helps to learn other languages

56 More lernu.net duolingo.com konoj.org vortaroj.org esperanto.net esperanto.be retbutiko.net

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