OHIO ACADEMIC CONTENT STANDARDS GRADE LEVEL INDICATORS A. ACQUISITION OF VOCABULARY

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1 Ohio Academic Content Standards Grade Level Indicators (Grade 6) A. ACQUISITION OF VOCABULARY Students acquire vocabulary through exposure to language-rich situations, such as reading books and other texts and conversing with adults and peers. They use context clues, as well as direct explanations provided by others, to gain new words. They learn to apply word analysis skills to build and extend their own vocabulary. As students progress through the grades, they become more proficient in applying their knowledge of words (origins, parts, relationships, meanings) to acquire specialized vocabulary that aids comprehension. 1. Define the meaning of unknown words by using context clues and the author s use of definition, restatement and example. 2. Apply knowledge of connotation and denotation to determine the meaning of words. 3. Identify analogies and other word relationships including synonyms and antonyms to determine the meaning of words. SE/TE: How To Read Literature: 3, 99, 529, Reading Strategy: 37, 39, 42, 44, 111, 113, 115, 118, 153, 155, 156, 160, 571, 578, 581, Review and Assess: 47, 123, 163, 585, Assessment Workshop: 95 TR: Selection Support: 19, 39, 54, 169, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 7, 15, 21, 67 SE/TE: Integrate Language Skills: 24, 190 TR: Vocabulary and Spelling Practice Book, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM SE/TE: Integrate Language Skills: 80, 144, 220, 456, TR: Vocabulary and Spelling Practice Book, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM SE = Student Edition TE = Teacher s Edition TR = Teacher s Resources TECH = Technology 1

2 4. Interpret metaphors and similes to understand new uses of words and phrases in text. SE/TE: Literary Analysis: 29, 739, Review and Assess: 33, 743 TR: Selection Support: 6, 205, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 82, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 5. Recognize and use words from other languages that have been adopted into the English language. 6. Apply the knowledge of roots and their various inflections, prefixes and suffixes to analyze the meanings of words. SE/TE: Vocabulary Development Lesson: 14, 48, 62, 108, 136, 190, 220, 236, 252, 330, 358, 372, 470, 488, 538, 568, 635, 662, 682, 802 TR: Selection Support: 1, 16, 21, 31, 41, 56, 66, 71, 76, 96, 101, 106, 141, 151, 161, 171, 176, 181, 211, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM SE/TE: Vocabulary Development Lesson: 14, 24, 48, 62, 108, 136, 190, 220, 236, 252, 330, 358, 372, 470, 488, 538, 568, 635, 662, 682, 732, 802 TR: Selection Support: 1, 6, 16, 21, 31, 41, 56, 66, 71, 76, 96, 101, 106, 141, 151, 161, 171, 176, 181, 196, 211, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 7. Identify symbols and acronyms and connect them to whole words. SE/TE: Vocabulary Development Lesson: 34, 722 TR: Vocabulary and Spelling Practice Book 2

3 8. Determine the meanings and pronunciations of unknown words by using dictionaries, thesauruses, glossaries, technology and textual features such as definitional footnotes and sidebars. SE/TE: Reading Informational Materials: TR: Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 73 B. READING PROCESS: CONCEPTS OF PRINT, COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES, AND SELF-MONITORING STRATEGIES Students develop and learn to apply strategies, such as predicting and recalling, that help them to comprehend and interpret informational and literary texts. Reading and learning to read are problem solving processes that require strategies for the reader to make sense of written language and remain engaged with texts. Beginners develop basic concepts about print (e.g., that print holds meaning) and how books work (e.g., text organization). As strategic readers, students learn to analyze and evaluate texts to demonstrate their understanding of text. Additionally, students learn to self-monitor their own comprehension by asking and answering questions about the text, self-correcting errors and assessing their own understanding. They apply these strategies effectively to assigned and self-selected texts read in and out of the classroom. 1. Establish and adjust purposes for reading including to find out, to understand, to interpret, to enjoy and to solve problems. SE/TE: How To Read Literature: 179, 761, Reading Strategy: 223, 225, 763, 769, 774, Review and Assess: 235, 775, Reading Informational Materials: 336, 339, 418, 421 TR: Selection Support: 74, 209, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 29, 83 3

4 2. Predict or hypothesize as appropriate from information in the text, substantiating with specific references to textual examples that may be in widely separated sections of text. 3. Make critical comparisons across texts, noting author s style as well as literal and implied content of text. SE/TE: Critical Thinking and Viewing: 234, 410, 414, 710, How To Read Literature: 179, 267, 431, 761, Reading Strategy: 289, 293, 447, 450, 452, 779, 786, 789, Review and Assess: 295, 455, 793 TR: Selection Support: 89, 134, 214, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 35, 53, 85 SE/TE: Critical Thinking and Viewing: 60, 78, 112, 119, 122, 142, 162, 218, 247, 248, 301, 304, 305, 306, 356, 386, 436, 480, 481, 486, 504, 512, 579, 583, 660, 680, 729, 741, 767, 769, 774, 790, How To Read Literature: 3, 99, Why Read Literature: 98, Reading Informational Materials: 748, 751, 798, Summarize the information in texts, recognizing important ideas and supporting details, and noting gaps or contradictions. SE/TE: How To Read Literature: 99, 611, Reading Strategy: 127, 131, 133, 134, 613, 617, 621, 622, 623, 628, 632, Review and Assess: 135, 634 TR: Selection Support: 44, 174, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 17, 69, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 5. Select, create and use graphic organizers to interpret textual information. SE/TE: Writing Workshop: 172, 795, Reading Informational Materials: 592, 595, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 6. Answer literal, inferential, evaluative and synthesizing questions to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts, electronic and visual media. SE/TE: Reading Informational Materials: ,

5 7. Monitor own comprehension by adjusting speed to fit the purpose, or by skimming, scanning, reading on, looking back, note taking or summarizing what has been read so far in text. 8. List questions and search for answers within the text to construct meaning. 9. Use criteria to choose independent reading materials (e.g., personal interest, knowledge of authors and genres, or recommendations from others). 10. Independently read books for various purposes (e.g., for enjoyment, for literary experience, to gain information or to perform a task). SE/TE: How To Read Literature: 3, 349, Reading Strategy: 5, 8, 10, 29, 101, Review and Assess: 33, 107, Reading Informational Materials: 166, 169 TR: Selection Support: 4, 14, 34, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 1, 5, 13 SE/TE: Reading Informational Materials: , SE/TE: How To Read Literature: 3, 349, 611, Reading Strategy: 5, 8, 10, 29, 101, Review and Assess: 33, 107, Reading Informational Materials: 166, 169, Why Read Literature: 348, 528, 610, 702 TR: Selection Support: 4, 14, 34, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 1, 5, 13 SE/TE: How To Read Literature: 3, 349, 611, Reading Strategy: 5, 8, 10, 29, 101, Review and Assess: 33, 107, Reading Informational Materials: 166, 169, Why Read Literature: 348, 528, 610, 702 TR: Selection Support: 4, 14, 34, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 1, 5, 13 C. READING APPLICATIONS: INFORMATIONAL, TECHNICAL, AND PERSUASIVE TEXT 5

6 Students gain information from reading for purposes of learning about a subject, doing a job, forming a opinion and accomplishing a task. Students need to apply the reading process to various types of informational texts, including essays, magazines, newspapers, textbooks, instruction manuals, consumer and workplace documents, reference materials, multimedia and electronic resources. They learn to attend to text features, such as titles, subtitles, and visual aids, to make predictions and build text knowledge. They learn to read diagrams, charts, graphs, maps, and displays in text as sources of additional information. Students use their knowledge of text structure to organize content information, analyze it and draw inferences from it. Strategic readers learn to recognize arguments, bias, stereotyping and propaganda in informational text sources. 1. Use text features such as chapter titles, headings and subheading; parts of books including index, appendix, table of contents; and online tools (search engines) to locate information. SE/TE: Reading Informational Materials: 82, 85, Analyze examples of cause and effect and fact and opinion. SE/TE: Critical Thinking and Viewing: 22, 105, 119, 158, 162, 228, 301, 303, 386, 468, How To Read Literature: 349, Reading Informational Materials: 254, 256, 690, 693, Assessment Workshop: 345, 687, Reading Strategy: 379, 385, 391, 395, 396, Review and Assess: 387, 401 TR: Selection Support: 114, 119, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 45, Compare and contrast important details about a topic using different sources of information including books, magazines, newspapers and online resources. SE/TE: Critical Thinking and Viewing: 60, 78, 112, 119, 122, 142, 162, 218, 247, 248, 301, 304, 305, 306, 356, 386, 436, 480, 481, 486, 504, 512, 579, 583, 660, 680, 729, 741, 767, 769, 774, 790, Reading Informational Materials: 748, 751, 798, 802 6

7 4. Compare original text to a summary to determine the extent to which the summary adequately reflects the main ideas and critical details of the original text. 5. Analyze information found in maps, charts, tables, graphs, diagrams and cutaways. 6. Identify an author s argument or viewpoint and assess the adequacy and accuracy of details used. 7. Identify and understand an author s purpose for writing including to explain, entertain, persuade or inform. SE/TE: How To Read Literature: 99, 611, Reading Strategy: 127, 131, 133, 134, 613, 617, 621, 622, 623, 628, 632, Review and Assess: 135, 634 TR: Selection Support: 44, 174, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 17, 69 SE/TE: Research and Technology: 25, 35, 137, 445, 457, 475, 515, 569, 663, 683, 715 SE/TE: How To Read Literature: 349, 529, Reading Strategy: 351, 531, 534, 541, 543, 547, Review and Assess: 357, 537, 549 TR: Selection Support: 104, 154, 159, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 41, 61, 63 SE/TE: Why Read Literature: 348, 528, 610, 702, Reading Informational Materials: 490, How To Read Literature: 529, Reading Strategy: 541, 543, 547, Review and Assess: 549 TR: Selection Support: 159, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 63 7

8 8. Summarize information from informational text, identifying the treatment, scope and organization of ideas. SE/TE: How To Read Literature: 99, 611, Reading Strategy: 127, 131, 133, 134, 613, 617, 621, 622, 623, 628, 632, Review and Assess: 135, 634, Writing Workshop: 172, Writing Lesson: 389, Reading Informational Materials: TR: Selection Support: 44, 174, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 17, 69, Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 11, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM D. READING APPLICATIONS: LITERARY TEXT Students enhance their understanding of the human story by reading literary texts that represent a variety of authors cultures and eras. They learn to apply the reading process to the various genres of literature, including fables, tales, short stories, novels, poetry and drama. They demonstrate their comprehension by describing and discussing the elements of literature (e.g. setting, character and plot), analyzing the author s use of language (e.g., word choice and figurative language), comparing and contrasting texts, inferring theme and meaning and responding to text in critical and creative ways. Strategic readers learn to explain, analyze and critique literary text to achieve deep understanding. 1. Analyze the techniques authors use to describe characters including narrator or other characters point of view; character s own thoughts, words or actions. 2. Identify the features of setting, and explain their importance in literary text. SE/TE: Literary Analysis: 5, 9, 10, 37, 40, 42, 45, 289, Review and Assess: 13, 47, 219, 295, Why Read Literature: 98, How To Read Literature: 179, Reading Strategy: 209, 211, 215, Assessment Workshop; 525 TR: Selection Support: 20, 69, 90, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 8, 27, 36 SE/TE: Literary Analysis: 127, 193, 198, 477, 479, 481, 483, 485, 624, Review and Assess: 135, 205, 357, 487, How To Read Literature: 431, Assessment Workshop: 525 TR: Selection Support: 65, 145, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 25, 58 8

9 3. Identify the main and minor events of the plot, and explain how each incident gives rise to the next. 4. Explain first, third and omniscient points of view, and explain how voice affects the text. 5. Identify recurring themes, patterns and symbols found in literature from different eras and cultures. 6. Explain the defining characteristics of literary forms and genres including poetry, drama, myths, biographies, autobiographies, fiction and non-fiction. SE/TE: Literary Analysis: 17, 433, 438, 441, 631, 632, Review and Assess: 23, 357, 443, Assessment Workshop: 525 TR: Selection Support: 30, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 52 SE/TE: Literary Analysis: 37, 38, 40, 42, 45, 553, Review and Assess: 47 TR: Selection Support: 20, 165, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 8, 66 SE/TE: Literary Analysis: 64, 70, 73, 75, 76, 391, 433, 438, 441, 495, 499, 503, 507, 510, 636, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 647, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 655, 659, 779, 783, 787, Review and Assess: 79, 307, 357, 401, 443, 513, 661, Reading Strategy: 299 TR: Selection Support: 30, 94, 130, 150, 180, 215, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 12, 37, 48, 52, 60, 72, 86, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM SE/TE: Writing Workshop: 90, Learn About Literature: IN1-IN11, Literary Analysis: 153, 154, 157, 299, 405, 553, 555, 556, 563, 565, 613, 615, 618, 620, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 629, 630, 631, 632, 705, 717, Review and Assess: 16, 307, 567, 635, 713, 721, Unit 7 Intro: 527, Writing Lesson: 569 TR: Selection Support: 55, 95, 125, 165, 175, 190, 195, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 22, 38, 50, 66, 70, 76, 78, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 9

10 7. Distinguish how an author establishes mood and meaning through word choice, figurative language and syntax. SE/TE: Reading Strategy: 245, Literary Analysis: 739, Review and Assess: 251, 743, Assessment Workshop: 525, Writing Lesson: 745 TR: Selection Support: 79, 205, Literary Analysis and Reading Transparencies: 31, 82, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM E. WRITING PROCESSES Students writing develops when they regularly engage in the major phases of the writing process. The writing process includes the phases of prewriting, drafting, revising and editing. They learn to plan their writing for different purposes and audiences. They learn to apply their writing skills in increasingly sophisticated ways to create and produce compositions that reflect effective word and grammatical choices. Students develop revision strategies to improve the content, organization and language of their writing. Students also develop editing skills to improve writing conventions. 1. Generate writing ideas through discussions with others and from printed material, and keep a list of writing ideas. SE/TE: Writing Workshop: 90-93, , , , , , , , , , Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 2. Conduct background reading, interviews or surveys when appropriate. SE/TE: Reading Informational Materials: 86, 89, 149, 151, 803, 805, Writing Lesson: 125, 389, Writing Workshop: , Extension Activities: 81, 253 TR: Writing and Grammar: 108, 226, Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 61, 69, 77, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 3. Establish a thesis statement for informational writing or a plan for narrative writing. SE/TE: Writing Workshop; 90-93, TR: Writing and Grammar: 48-67, 72-94, Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 8, 13, 46, Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 15, 23, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 10

11 4. Determine a purpose and audience. SE/TE: Writing Workshop: 90-93, , , , , , , , , , Writing Lesson: 15, 25, 35, 49, 63, 81, 109, 125, 137, 145, 165, 191, 207, 221, 237, 253, 287, 297, 309, 331, 359, 373, 389, 403, 417, 445, 457, 471, 489, 515, 539, 515, 569, 587, 635, 663, 683, 715, 723, 733, 745, 777, 795 TR: Writing and Grammar Booklet, Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 3, 7, 11-14, 15, 23, 43, 51, 61, 65, 73, 77, 78, 81, 85, 89, 97, Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 46, 57, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 5. Use organizational strategies (e.g., rough outlines, diagrams, maps, webs and Venn diagrams) to plan writing. 6. Organize writing beginning with an introduction and body and a resolution of plot, closing statement or a summary of important ideas and details. SE/TE: Research and Technology: 35, Writing Workshop; 172, 605, Writing Lesson: 389, Reading Informational Materials: 592, 595 TR: Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 11-14, 69, 77, Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 14, Writing and Grammar: , Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM SE/TE: Writing Workshop: 90-93, , , , , , , , , , Writing Lesson: 15, 25, 35, 49, 63, 81, 109, 125, 137, 145, 165, 191, 207, 221, 237, 253, 287, 297, 309, 331, 359, 373, 389, 403, 417, 445, 457, 471, 489, 515, 539, 515, 569, 587, 635, 663, 683, 715, 723, 733, 745, 777, 795 TR: Writing and Grammar Booklet, Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 3, 7, 11-14, 15, 23, 43, 51, 61, 65, 73, 77, 78, 81, 85, 89, 97, Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 46, 57, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 11

12 7. Vary simple, compound and complex sentence structures. SE/TE: Grammar Lesson: 372, 456, 488, 514, 538, 794 TR: Selection Support: 108, 133, 143, 148, 153, 213, Writing and Grammar: 424, 426, , 454, Daily Language Practice Transparencies, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 8. Group related ideas into paragraphs, including topic sentences following paragraph form and maintaining a consistent focus across paragraphs. SE/TE: Writing Workshop: 90-93, , , , , , , , , , Writing Lesson: 15, 25, 35, 49, 63, 81, 109, 125, 137, 145, 165, 191, 207, 221, 237, 253, 287, 297, 309, 331, 359, 373, 389, 403, 417, 445, 457, 471, 489, 515, 539, 515, 569, 587, 635, 663, 683, 715, 723, 733, 745, 777, 795 TR: Writing and Grammar Booklet, Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 3, 7, 11-14, 15, 23, 43, 51, 61, 65, 73, 77, 78, 81, 85, 89, 97, Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 46, 57, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 9. Vary language and style as appropriate to audience and purpose. SE/TE: Writing Workshop: 90-93, , , , , , , , , , Writing Lesson: 15, 25, 35, 49, 63, 81, 109, 125, 137, 145, 165, 191, 207, 221, 237, 253, 287, 297, 309, 331, 359, 373, 389, 403, 417, 445, 457, 471, 489, 515, 539, 515, 569, 587, 635, 663, 683, 715, 723, 733, 745, 777, 795 TR: Writing and Grammar Booklet, Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 3, 7, 11-14, 15, 23, 43, 51, 61, 65, 73, 77, 78, 81, 85, 89, 97, Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 46, 57, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 12

13 10. Use available technology to compose text. SE/TE: Research and Technology: 63, 81, 125, 137, 191, 221, 237, 297, 551, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 11. Reread and analyze clarity of writing. SE/TE: Writing Workshop: 90-93, , , , , , , , , , Writing Lesson: 15, 25, 35, 49, 63, 81, 109, 125, 137, 145, 165, 191, 207, 221, 237, 253, 287, 297, 309, 331, 359, 373, 389, 403, 417, 445, 457, 471, 489, 515, 539, 515, 569, 587, 635, 663, 683, 715, 723, 733, 745, 777, 795 TR: Writing and Grammar Booklet, Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 3, 7, 11-14, 15, 23, 43, 51, 61, 65, 73, 77, 78, 81, 85, 89, 97, Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 46, 57, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 12. Add and delete information and details to better elaborate on a stated central idea and to more effectively accomplish purpose. SE/TE: Writing Workshop: 90-93, , , , , , , , , , Writing Lesson: 15, 25, 35, 49, 63, 81, 109, 125, 137, 145, 165, 191, 207, 221, 237, 253, 287, 297, 309, 331, 359, 373, 389, 403, 417, 445, 457, 471, 489, 515, 539, 515, 569, 587, 635, 663, 683, 715, 723, 733, 745, 777, 795 TR: Writing and Grammar Booklet, Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 3, 7, 11-14, 15, 23, 43, 51, 61, 65, 73, 77, 78, 81, 85, 89, 97, Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 46, 57, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 13

14 13. Rearrange words, sentences and paragraphs, and add transitional words and phrases to clarify meaning. 14. Use resources and reference materials (e.g., dictionaries and thesauruses) to select more effective vocabulary. 15. Proofread writing, edit to improve conventions (e.g., grammar, spelling, punctuation and capitalization) and identify and correct fragments and run-ons. SE/TE: Writing Workshop: 90-93, , , , , , , , , , Writing Lesson: 15, 25, 35, 49, 63, 81, 109, 125, 137, 145, 165, 191, 207, 221, 237, 253, 287, 297, 309, 331, 359, 373, 389, 403, 417, 445, 457, 471, 489, 515, 539, 515, 569, 587, 635, 663, 683, 715, 723, 733, 745, 777, 795 TR: Writing and Grammar Booklet, Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 3, 7, 11-14, 15, 23, 43, 51, 61, 65, 73, 77, 78, 81, 85, 89, 97, Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 46, 57, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM SE/TE: Vocabulary Development Lesson: 14, 24, 34, 48, 62, 80, 108, 124, 136, 144, 164, 190, 206, 220, 236, 252, 286, 296, 308, 330, 358, 372, 388, 402, 416, 444, 456, 470, 488, 514, 538, 550, 568, 586, 635, 662, 682, 714, 722, 732, 744, 776, 802 TR: Selection Support: 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, 41, 46, 51, 56, 61, 66, 71, 76, 81, 86, 91, 96, 101, 106, 111, 116, 121, 126, 131, 136, 141, 146, 151, 156, 161, 166, 171, 176, 181, 186, 191, 196, 201, 206, 211, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM SE/TE: Grammar Lesson: 14, 24, 34, 48, 62, 80, 108, 124, 136, 144, 164, 190, 206, 220, 236, 252, 286, 296, 308, 330, 358, 372, 388, 402, 416, 444, 456, 470, 488, 514, 538, 550, 568, 586, 635, 662, 682, 714, 722, 732, 744, 776, 802 TR: Selection Support: 3, 8, 13, 18, 23, 28, 33, 38, 43, 48, 53, 58, 63, 68, 73, 78, 83, 88, 93, 99, 103, 108, 113, 118, 123, 128, 133, 138, 143, 148, 153, 158, 163, 168, 173, 178, 183, 188, 193, 199, 203, 208, 213, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 14

15 16. Apply tools (e.g. rubric, checklist and feedback) to judge the quality of writing. 17. Prepare for publication (e.g., for display or for sharing with others) writing that follows a format appropriate to the purpose, using such techniques as electronic resources, principles of design (e.g., margins, tabs, spacing and columns) and graphics (e.g., drawings, charts and graphs) to enhance the final product. SE/TE: Writing Workshop: 93, 173, 261, 343, 425, 523, 605, 697, 755, 809 TE: Assessment: 93, 173, 261 TR: Assessment Resources, Writing Rubric, Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 34, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM SE/TE: Research and Technology: 15, 35, 165, 445, 457, 475, 515, 569, 581, 683 TE: Publishing and Presenting: 93, 173, 261, 343, 425, 523, 605, 697, 755, 809, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM F. WRITING APPLICATIONS Students need to understand that various types of writing require different language, formatting and special vocabulary. Writing serves many purposes across the curriculum and takes various forms. Beginning writers learn about the many purposes of writing; they attempt and use a small range of familiar forms (e.g., letters). Developing writers are able to select text forms to suit purpose and audience. They can explain why some te4xt forms are more suited to a purpose than others and begin to use content-specific vocabulary to achieve their communication goals. Proficient writers control effectively the language and structural features of a large repertoire of text forms. They deliberately choose vocabulary to enhance text and structure in their writing according to audience and purpose. 1. Write narratives that maintain a clear focus and point of view and use sensory details and dialogue to develop plot, characters, and a specific setting. SE/TE: Writing Lesson: 35, 49, 221, 457, 715, 777, 795, Writing Workshop: 522 TR: Writing Grammar: 72-94, 102, 154, Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 11-14, 23, 85, 89, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 15

16 2. Write responses to novels, stories, poems and plays that provide an interpretation, critique or reflection and support judgments with specific references to the text. 3. Write letters that state the purpose, make requests or give compliments and use business letter format. 4. Write informational essays or reports, including research, that present a literal understanding of the topic, include specific facts, details and examples from multiple sources and create an organizing structure appropriate to the purpose, audience and context. 5. Write persuasive essays that establish a clear position and include organized and relevant information to support ideas. SE/TE: Writing Lesson: 253, 733, Writing Workshop: 694, Critical Thinking and Viewing: 12, 22, 31, 32, 46, 60, 71, 78, 105, 106, 119, 122, 134, 141, 142, 158, 162, 188, 204, 218, 228, 234, 247, 249, 250, 281, 283, 294, 301, 306, 324, 328, 356, 367, 369, 370, 386, 400, 410, 414, 442, 454, 468, 472, 481, 486, 504, 512, 536, 544, 548, 557, 561, 575, 579, 584, 663, 680, 710, 712, 719, 720, 729, 730, 741, 769, 774, 783, 788, 790 TR: Writing and Grammar: , Writing Models land Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 43, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM SE/TE: Writing Lesson: 81, 145, 297, 551, Extension Activities: 635, Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript: R14 TR: Writing and Grammar; 16, 134, 250, 256, Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 3, 97, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM SE/TE: Writing Workshop: 170, 422, 600, 752, Writing Lesson: 359, 389, 539, 683, 733 TR: Writing and Grammar: , , , , 257, Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 9, 14, 16, 18, Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 11, 51, 61, 69, 77, 89, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM SE/TE: Writing Lesson: 137, 331, 373, 683, Listening and Speaking Workshop: 174, Writing Workshop: 340, Extension Activities: 715 TR: Writing and Grammar: 102, , 226, Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 65, 69, 73, 81, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 16

17 6. Produce informal writings (e.g., journals, notes, poems) for various purposes. SE/TE: Writing Lesson: 253, 457, 715, 723, 733 TR: Writing and Grammar: 78, 84, 85, 250, 257, Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 81, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM G. WRITING CONVENTIONS Students learn to master writing conventions through exposure to good models and opportunities for practice. Writing conventions include spelling, punctuation, grammar and other conventions associated with forms of written text. They learn the purposes of punctuation: to clarify sentence meaning and help readers know how writing might sound aloud. They develop and extend their understanding of the spelling system, using a range of strategies for spelling words correctly and using newly learned vocabulary in their writing. They grow more skillful at using the grammatical structures of English to effectively communicate ideas in writing and to express themselves. 1. Spell frequently misspelled and high-frequency words correctly. SE/TE: Spelling Handbook: R16-R18, Commonly Misspelled Words: R19, Spelling Strategy: 14, 24, 34, 48, 62, 80, 108, 124, 136, 144, 164, 190, 206, 220, 236, 252, 286, 296, 308, 330, 358, 372, 388, 402, 416, 444, 456, 470, 488, 514, 538, 550, 568, 586, 635, 662, 682, 714, 722, 732, 739, 776, 802 TR: Selection Support: 2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 27, 32, 37, 42, 47, 52, 57, 62, 67, 72, 77, 82, 87, 92, 97, 102, 107, 112, 117, 122, 127, 132, 137, 142, 147, 152, 157, 162, 167, 172, 177, 182, 187, 192, 197, 202, 207, 212, Vocabulary and Spelling Practice Book, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 2. Use commas, end marks, apostrophes and quotation marks correctly. SE/TE: Grammar, Usage and Mechanics Handbook: R24, R25, Grammar, Usage and Mechanics Exercises: R32, Grammar Lesson: 732 TR: Selection Support: 198, Writing and Grammar: 564, 574, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 17

18 3. Use semicolons, colons, hyphens, dashes and brackets. SE/TE: Grammar, Usage and Mechanics Handbook: R24, R25, Grammar, Usage and Mechanics Exercis4es: R32, Grammar Lesson: 732, 744 TR: Selection Support: 198, 203, Writing and Grammar: 564, 574, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 4. Use correct capitalization. SE/TE: Grammar, Usage and Mechanics Exercises: R32, Grammar, Usage and Mechanics Handbook: R24, Grammar Lesson; 586, 776 TR: Selection Support: 168, 208, Writing and Grammar: 89, 600, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 5. Use all eight parts of speech (e.g., noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, preposition, interjection). 6. Use verbs, including perfect tenses, transitive and intransitive verbs and linking verbs. SE/TE: Grammar, Usage and Mechanics Handbook: R20-R25, Grammar, Usag4e and Mechanics Exercises: R26-R30, Grammar Lesson: 14, 24, 34, 48, 108, 136, 144, 190, 206, 220, 236, 252, 286, 296, 308, 330, 488, 550, 568, 662, 682, 714, 722 TR: Selection Support: 3, 8, 13, 18, 28, 33, 43, 48, 58, 63, 68, 73, 78, 83, 88, 93, 98, 143, 158, 163, 178, 183, 188, 193, Writing and Grammar: 294, 296, 297, 330, 336, 340, 342, 354, 364, 370, 426, 480, 488, 506, , 524, 528, 538, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM SE/TE: Grammar, Usage and Mechanics Handbook: R22, Grammar, Usage and Mechanics Exercises: R26, R30, Grammar Lesson: 108, 136, 144, 164, 488 TR: Selection Support: 33, 43, 48, 53, 143, Writing and Grammar: 314, 408, 426, 488, 490, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 18

19 7. Use nominative, objective, possessive, indefinite and relative pronouns. SE/TE: Grammar, Usage and Mechanics Handbook: R20, Grammar, Usage and Mechanics Exercises: R26, R30, Grammar Lesson: 48, 62, 80, 206, 550, 662, 682 TR: Selection Support: 18, 23, 28, 63, 158, 178, 183, Writing and Grammar: 300, 336, 506, , 524, 528, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 8. Use subject-verb agreement with collective nouns, indefinite pronouns, compound subjects and prepositional phrases. SE/TE: Grammar Lesson: 14, 24, 34, 48, 80, 286, 488, 635, 662, 682, Grammar, Usage and Mechanics Handbook: R22, Grammar, Usage and Mechanics Exercises: R30 TR: Selection Support: 3, 8, 13, 18, 28, 83, 143, 173, 178, 183, Writing and Grammar: 294, 296, 297, 354, 426, 506, 520, 524, 528, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM H. RESEARCH Students define and investigate self-selected or assigned issues, topics and problems. They locate, select and make use of relevant information from a variety of media, reference and technological sources. Students use an appropriate form to communicate their findings. 1. Generate a topic (assigned or personal interest) and open-ended questions for research and develop a plan for gathering information. 2. Identify appropriate sources, and gather relevant information from multiple sources (e.g., school library catalogs, online databases, electronic resources and Internet-based resources). SE/TE: Writing Workshop: , , Writing Lesson: 191, 663, 715 TR: Writing and Grammar: 42, 85, , , 250, Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 14, 17, Writing Models and graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 51, 73, 85, 97, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM SE/TE: Research and Technology: 63, 81, 191, 297, 417, 663, Reading Informational Materials: 332, 377, 802, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM, 19

20 3. Identify elements of validity in sources including publication date, coverage, language, points of view and discuss primary and secondary sources. 4. Identify important information found in sources and paraphrase the findings in a systematic way (e.g., notes, outlines, charts, tables, graphic organizers). 5. Compare and contrast important findings and select sources to support central ideas, concepts and themes. SE/TE: Research and Technology: 63, 81, 191, 297, 417, 663, Reading Informational Materials: 85, 151, 332, 335, 339, 377, 599, 802, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM SE/TE: Research and Technology: 63, 81, 191, 297, 417, 663, Reading Informational Materials: 332, 377, 802, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM SE/TE: Research and Technology: 63, 81, 191, 297, 417, 663, Reading Informational Materials: 85, 151, 332, 335, 339, 377, 599, 748, 751, 802, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 6. Use quotations to support ideas. SE/TE: Technology: 63, 81, 191, 297, 417, 663, Reading Informational Materials: 332, 377, 802, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 7. Use an appropriate form of documentation, with teacher assistance, to acknowledge sources (e.g., bibliography, works cited). SE/TE: Writing Lesson: 489, Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript R12, MLA Style for Listing Sources: R13 TR: Writing and Grammar: 226,, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM 20

21 8. Use a variety of communication techniques including oral, visual, written, or multimedia reports to present information that supports a clear position with organized and relevant evidence about the topic or research question. SE/TE: Writing Workshop: 90-93, , , , , , , , , , Writing Lesson: 15, 25, 35, 49, 63, 81, 109, 125, 137, 145, 165, 191, 207, 221, 237, 253, 287, 297, 309, 331, 359, 373, 389, 403, 417, 445, 457, 471, 489, 515, 539, 515, 569, 587, 635, 663, 683, 715, 723, 733, 745, 777, 795 TR: Writing and Grammar Booklet, Writing Models and Graphic Organizers on Transparencies: 3, 7, 11-14, 15, 23, 43, 51, 61, 65, 73, 77, 78, 81, 85, 89, 97, Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 46, 57, Writing and Grammar itext CD-ROM I. COMMUNICATION: ORAL AND VISUAL Students learn to communicate effectively through exposure to good models and opportunities for practice. By speaking, listening and providing and interpreting visual images, they learn to apply their communication skills in increasingly sophisticated ways. Students learn to deliver presentations that effectively convey information and persuade or entertain audiences. Proficient speakers control language and deliberately choose vocabulary to clarify points and adjust presentations according to audience and purpose. 1. Demonstrate active listening strategies (e.g., asking focused questions, responding to cues, making visual contact). 2. Summarize the main idea and draw conclusions from presentations and visual media. SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: 191, 289, 471, 663, 683, Listening and Speaking Workshop: 174, 426, 524 TR: Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 22, 23, 29 SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: 165, 287, 309, 389, Listening and Speaking Workshop: 262, 810 TR: Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 22,

22 3. Interpret the speaker s purpose in presentations and visual media (e.g., to inform, to entertain, to persuade). 4. Identify the persuasive techniques (e.g., bandwagon, testimonial, glittering generalities, emotional word repetition and bait and switch)used in presentations and media messages. 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the rules of the English language and select language appropriate to purpose and audience. 6. Use clear diction and tone, and adjust volume, phrasing and tempo to stress important ideas. 7. Adjust speaking content and style according to the needs of the situation, setting and audience. 8. Deliver formal and informal descriptive presentations that convey relevant information and descriptive details. SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: 25, 125, 207, 309, 359, 417, 489, 551, 683, 715, 745, 777, Listening and Speaking Workshop: 174, 344 TR: Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 23, 27, 28, 29 SE/TE: Listening and Speaking Workshop: 174, Listening and Speaking: 309, 389 TR: Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 22 SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: 15, 221, 331, 373, 403, 445 TR: Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 23, 24 SE/TE: Listening and Speaking Workshop: 94, 524 SE/TE: Listening and Speaking; 63, 109, 359, 635, 745, Listening and Speaking Workshop: 344 TR: Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 25, 29 SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: 25, 125, 207, 417, 569, 635 TR: Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 25, 28, 29 22

23 I.1. DELIVER INFORMATIONAL PRESENTATIONS (E.G., EXPOSITORY, RESEARCH) THAT: 1. Demonstrate an understanding of the topic and present events or ideas in a logical sequence. 2. Support the controlling idea or thesis with relevant facts, details, examples, quotations, statistics, stories and anecdotes. 3. Include an effective introduction and conclusion and use a consistent organizational structure (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast). 4. Use appropriate visual materials (e.g., diagrams, charts, illustrations) and available technology. SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: 25, 125, 145, 165, 207, 237, 417, 489, 539, 551, 569, 715, 777, Listening and Speaking Workshop: 94, 262, 606 TR: Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 21, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29 SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: 635, 664, 795 TR: Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 22, 25, 29 SE/TE: Listening and Speaking Workshop: 262, Listening and Speaking: 359 TR: Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 29 SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: 165, Listening and Speaking Workshop: 810 TR: Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 24 23

24 5. Draw from multiple sources and identify sources used. SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: 25, 125, 145, 165, 207, 237, 417, 489, 539, 551, 569, 715, 777, Listening and Speaking Workshop: 94, 262, 606 TR: Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 21, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29 I. 2 Deliver persuasive presentations that: 1. Establish a clear position. SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: 489, 551, 715, 745, Listening and Speaking Workshop: 344 TR: Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: Include relevant evidence to support position and to address potential concerns of listeners. SE/TE: Listening and Speaking: 663, Listening and Speaking Workshop; 756 TR: Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 22 24

25 3. Follow common organizational structures when appropriate (e.g., causeeffect, compare-contrast, problem-solution). SE/TE: Listening and Speaking Workshop: 262, Listening and Speaking: 359 TR: Performance Assessment and Portfolio Management: 29 25