TABLE OF CONTENTS. Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: V-Raising and NP-Licensing... 31

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1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract... 1 Acknowledgements... 2 Table of contents... 5 Abbreviations... 8 Chapter 1: Introduction Aim Theoretical assumptions Romanian sentence structure Dissertation outline Major claims Chapter 2: V-Raising and NP-Licensing Introduction Remarks on word order in the Romanian clause Verb raising and the split IP hypothesis Brief overview of previous analyses The verbal complex revisited Verb raising: a minimalist account Summing up Subject positions and NP licensing Brief overview of previous analyses EPP, Case-licensing and Minimalism Unaccusatives The Romance data Unaccusatives and Minimalism Unaccusatives and the definiteness effect Summing up a V-type EPP language Passive structures Passive constructions in Romanian Passives and Minimalism Summing up NP-licensing in Romanian

2 Chapter 3: NP-Raising and Presentational Focus Introduction VOS constructions in Romanian Against subject right-adjunction in Romanian VSO and extraction from clausal objects VOS and sentential objects VP-ellipsis Summing up Evidence for object raising The view from Binding Condition C effects Quantifier Float phenomena In sum Object raising: cross-linguistic evidence Clause-medial object raising in Germanic: the specificity effect Object raising as Noun Incorporation Summing up Object raising in Romanian: triggers and landing site Colophon: leapfrogging versus stacking Conclusions Chapter 4: WH-Movement Introduction The issue Former accounts and a new proposal Wh-phrases in Romanian: summary of properties The Verb-adjacency requirement Two notes on the adjacency requirement De ce why : a cross-linguistic headache Multiple checking and (Anti)-Superiority Attract versus Move Formalizing multiple wh-movement Interaction with Topics Romanian and CV2 languages: a comparison Main clause interrogatives Embedded interrogatives Two apparent problems The (ir)relevancy of sluicing Successive-cyclic movement and apparent SAI Romanian wh-phrases move to IP The IP/CP dichotomy and multiple wh-movement Wh-islands and interacting wh-dependencies Local scrambling: A- or A-bar movement

3 4.7.3 Wh-movement and weak crossover Wh-movement and quantifier raising Summing up Colophon: Romanian interrogative X Conclusions Chapter 5: Contrastive Focus and Preverbal Raising Introduction Defining the term and previous analyses Kiss (1995b, 1998) Rizzi (1995/97) Zubizaretta (1998) Erteschik-Shir (1997) Some conclusions Introductory remarks on contrastive focus in Romanian Previous analyses concerning the Romanian preverbal field Summing up Pandora s box Properties of contrastive focus and other sentence-initial elements in Romanian The verb-adjacency requirement Complementary distribution D-linking and sentence initial operators in Romanian What s in a topic? Topichood and sentence-initial operators In sum Evidence for A-bar movement Contrastive focus-movement and wh-movement Affective operators Weak crossover Is focus quantificational in Romanian? Summing up Analysis The copy theory of movement Streamlining optionality Conclusions Chapter 6: Conclusions Introduction Summary of dissertation Open ends References

4 Abbreviations The following abbreviations are used in this dissertation: ACC accusative α * recursive α AUX auxiliary Adv adverb BQ bare quantifier CED condition on extraction domains CL pronominal clitic CLLD clitic left dislocation COND conditional CV2 V2 with verb movement into C [D] categorial D-feature (nominal) DAT dative DIM diminutive DO direct object EPP extended projection priniciple F feminine FF formal feature FUT future GEN genitive GER gerund IMP imperative IND indicative INF infinitive IO indirect object IV2 V2 with verb movement into I LCA linear correspondence axiom LF Logical Form LHM long head movement LI lexical item M masculine MLC minimal link condition MP98 Minimalist Inquiries: the Framework (Chomsky 1998) Neg negation NOM nominative O object OP operator OSV object-subject-verb word order OVS object-verb-subject word order PF Phonological Form P-Feature phonological feature phi- person, number, and gender features PL plural PP prepositional phrase PR present Pron pronominal 8

5 PT past participle QR quantifier raising REFL reflexive S sentence SAI subject auxiliary inversion SG singular SOV subject-object-verb word order Spec specifier Su subject SUBJ subjunctive SVO subject-verb-object word order t trace UG universal grammar [V] categorial V-feature (verbal) V2 verb second VOS verb-object-subject word order VSO verb-subject-object word order WCO weak crossover X unspecified head XP unspecified phrase The following conventions have been used for consistency: Headings: Numbering starts new in each chapter First digit stands for chapter number Examples: Numbering starts new in each chapter Symbols used to mark examples: a. * ungrammatical (speakers agree) b.?? ungrammatical (speakers agree, minor exceptions) c. # grammatical, but pragmatically ill-formed d. ( ) optional 9

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