Lexical-Functional Grammar
|
|
- Branden Green
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Lexical-Functional Grammar Anaphora, Raising, Control Weiwei Sun Institute of Computer Science and Technology Peking University May 19, 2015
2 Outline Anaphora Long-Distance Dependency Raising and Control Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 2/33
3 R-expression, anaphor and pronoun R-expression: A DP that gets its meaning by referring to an entity in the world. Anaphor: A DP that obligatorily gets its meaning from another DP in the sentence. Pronoun: A DP that may (but need not) get its meaning from another word in the sentence. (1) a. Felicia wrote a fine paper on Zapotec. (R-expression) b. Heidi bopped herself on the head with a zucchini. (Anaphor) c. Aaron said that he played basketball. (Pronoun) Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 2/33
4 R-expression, anaphor and pronoun Key observations Anaphors, R-expressions, and pronouns can only appear in specific parts of the sentence. (2) *Herself bopped Heidi on the head with a zucchini. Proposal Principle A An anaphor must be bound in its binding domain. Principle B A pronoun must be free in its binding domain. Principle C An R-expression must be free. Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 3/33
5 Pronoun incorporation Pronoun incorporation/pronominal inflection An incorporated pronoun or pronominal inflection is a bound morpheme that specifies a complete pronominal f-structure. semantic feature: special pred value PRO DP She IP I is I VP... subj f DP pred PRO i bind β agr α case κ agr α subj g I case κ Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 4/33
6 Crosslinguistic analysis Crosslinguistic concerns Morphological words may determine the same kinds of functional structures as syntactic phrases. Grammatical vs. anaphoric agreement Chicheŵa 18 gender classes (or noun classes) S NP VP VP NP Verbal inflectional morphology: SubjM-T/A-(DIR)-(ObjM)-V stem The functional specifications of a pronoun is incorporated with the functional specifications of the stem to which the morpheme is bound. Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 5/33
7 Subject marker Verbal inflectional morphology SM-T/A-(DIR)-(OM)-V stem (3) a. b. njûchi zi-ná-lum-a a-lenje 10.bee 10.s-pst-bite-fv 2-hunter the bees bite the hunters zi-ná-lum-a a-lenje 10.s-pst-bite-fv 2-hunter they bite the hunters sm-:v infl ( subj nounclass) = 10 optional (( subj pred) = PRO ) Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 6/33
8 Object marker Verbal inflectional morphology SM-T/A-(DIR)-(OM)-V stem (4) a. b. c. * njûchi zi-ná-wá-lum-a a-lenje 10.bee 10.s-pst-2.o-bite-fv 2-hunter the bees bite them, the hunters njûchi zi-ná-wá-lum-a 10.bee 10.s-pst-2.o-bite-fv the bees bite them njûchi zi-ná-lum-a 10.bee 10.s-pst-bite-fv the bees bite om-:v infl ( subj nounclass) = 2 obligatory ( subj pred) = PRO Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 7/33
9 Pro-drop njûchi ( pred) = bee ( nounclass) = 10 zi-ná-wá-lum-a ( pred) = bite subj, obj optional (( subj pred) = PRO ) ( subj nounclass) = 10 obligatory ( obj pred) = PRO ( obj nounclass) = 2 X ( subj = ) njûchi X pred X subj = obj zi-ná-wá-lum-a bite subj,obj pred bee nounclass 10 pred PRO nounclass 2 Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 8/33
10 Pro-drop njûchi ( pred) = bee ( nounclass) = 10 zi-ná-wá-lum-a ( pred) = bite subj, obj optional (( subj pred) = PRO ) ( subj nounclass) = 10 obligatory ( obj pred) = PRO ( obj nounclass) = 2 X X = zi-ná-wá-lum-a pred subj obj bite subj,obj pred PRO nounclass 10 pred PRO nounclass 2 Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 8/33
11 Anaphoric agreement The object marker in Chicheŵa is used as an anaphoric pronoun. The object is a dislocated topic, not a direct object NP. Functional uniqueness Independent NPs that cooccur with these pronominal inflections must have nonargument functions, like dislocated topics. The agreement in gender class is the anaphoric agreement. (5) a. My mother, she is a really good sport. b. She is a really good sport, my mother. Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 9/33
12 Semantics-oriented analysis (1) Example (6) David i compared Chris to himself i. pred compare subj,obj,obl goal subj pred david obj pred chris pred PRO obl goal prontype REFL Semantic in nature Anaphoric binding relations are semantic in nature, having to do with coreference between a pronoun and its antecedent. Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 10/33
13 Semantics-oriented analysis (2) Multiple parallel structures LFG views language as being made up of multiple dimensions of structure. Proposal antecedent in the semantic structure of the pronoun/anaphor. antecendent σ(g) Mapping from f-structure to s-structure: σ σ(f): antecendent σ(g) Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 11/33
14 Example (1) Single sentence (7) David i compared Chris to himself i. pred subj obj obl goal compare subj,obj,obl goal d pred david pred chris pred PRO p prontype REFL σ σ(p) antecendent σ(d) Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 12/33
15 Example (2) Mini-discourse (8) a. David arrived. pred f subj arrive subj g pred david b. He yawned. h pred subj yawn subj i pred PRO σ(i) antecendent σ(g) Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 13/33
16 Binding domain (1) Example (9) David i wrapped the blanket around himself i. pred subj obj adj wrap subj,obj pred david pred blanket pred around obj pred PRO obj prontype REFL The antecedent of himself may also appear in an f-structure that does not contain the pronoun. Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 14/33
17 Binding domain (2) Example (10) *David i thought that Chris had seen himself i. pred subj comp think subj,comp pred david pred see subj,obj subj pred chris pred PRO obj prontype REFL Himself cannot appear in a sentence with no antecedent, or with an antecedent in a syntactically unacceptable relation to it. Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 15/33
18 Positive binding constraints Key idea Explore binding constraints defined in terms of f-structural relations. Proposal The antecedent of the English reflexive pronoun must appear in the Minimal Complete Nucleus containing the pronoun. Minimal Complete Nucleus containing f The smallest f-structure that contains f and a subj function. ( gf gf pro f ) ( subj) Inside-out constraint: (gf f) = g g gf f Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 16/33
19 Crosslinguistic concerns Observation Languages with multiple anaphors provide evidence for expanding the range of constraints that anaphors can obey demonstrate that constraints on anaphoric binding must be specified lexically, not universally. Different anaphoric elements in the same language may obey different anaphoric binding constraints. Coargument Domain: Minimal Finite Domain: Root Domain: (gf gf pro f) ( gf gf pro f ) ( pred) ( gf gf pro f ) ( tense) Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 17/33
20 Positive binding constraints (cont) (11) *David i s father nominated himself i. F-command pred subj obj nominate subj,obj spec pred david pred father pred PRO prontype REFL The antecedent of an anaphor is generally required to f-command the anaphor: ((gf gf pro f) gf ante ) Example (( gf gf pro f ) subj) ( tense) Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 18/33
21 Negative binding constraints Observation Different anaphoric elements in the same language may obey different negative constraints. Negative constraints must be lexically associated with each anaphoric element. (12) *David i nominated him i. Proposal pred subj obj nominate subj,obj pred david pred PRO The antecedent of the English pronoun, like him must not appear in the Coargument Domain containing the pronoun. Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 19/33
22 Outline Anaphora Long-Distance Dependency Raising and Control Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 20/33
23 Relative clause (13) a man who Chris saw NP Det a N N man N NP N who CP C IP NP I N VP Chris V pred spec adj man pred A pred PRO topic 1 prontype REL relpro 1 pred see subj,obj subj pred chris obj 1 saw Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 20/33
24 Relative clause (14) a man whose book Chris read Det a NP N N N man NP Det N whose N CP C IP NP I book N VP Chris V pred spec adj man pred A pred PRO topic 1 spec prontype REL pred book relpro 1 pred see subj,obj subj pred chris obj 1 saw Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 21/33
25 Relative clause Annotated PS rule CP RelP C ( topic)= = ( topic)=( RTopicPath) ( relpro)=( TopicRelPath) ( relpro prontype)= c REL Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 22/33
26 Wh-question (15) who does Chris like NP N who CP C does C IP NP I N VP Chris V pred PRO focus 1 prontype WH q 1 pred like subj,obj subj pred chris obj 1 like Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 23/33
27 Outline Anaphora Long-Distance Dependency Raising and Control Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 24/33
28 Raising (16) David seemed to yawn. pred seem xcomp subj subj 1 pred david xcomp pred yawn subj subj 1 Raising verbs in English and other languages exemplify functional control. The subj of the raising verb funtionally controls the subj of the subordinate complement. Functional control verbs require as an argument an open complement xcomp. Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 24/33
29 Raising (17) David believed Chris to know the answer. pred believe subj,xcomp obj subj pred david obj 1 pred chris pred know subj,obj subj 1 xcomp pred answer obj spec THE Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 25/33
30 Functional constraints PS Rule Lexicon entries V V (NP) (VP) = ( obj) = ( xcomp) = seemed V ( pred) = seem xcomp subj ( subj) = ( xcomp subj) believed V ( pred) = believe subj,xcomp obj ( obj) = ( xcomp subj) David seemed to yawn P319. Textbook. On whiteboard Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 26/33
31 Anaphoric control (18) David tried to leave. pred try subj,comp subj pred david pred leave subj comp subj pred PRO Anaphoric control contrasts with functional control The subordinate complement in an anaphoric control construction is comp, not xcomp. The relation in anaphoric control is semantically much closer to an anaphoric binding relation does not involve alertsyntactic identity Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 27/33
32 Anaphoric control (cont) (19) David convinced Chris to leave. pred convince subj,obj,comp subj pred david obj pred chris pred leave subj comp subj pred PRO Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 28/33
33 Anaphoric vs. functional control In an anaphoric control construction, the anaphorically controlled subj of the subordinate comp is syntactically independent from the matrix controller. Syntactic restrictions imposed on the subject of the comp is not relevant for the matrix controller. Example VP complement drop is impossible for xcomp, but possible for comp argument of many predicates: (20) a. *Did David really yawn? He seemed. b. *Did Chris really know the answer? David believed him. (21) a. Did David really leave? He tried. b. Will Chris leave? If David can convince him. Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 29/33
34 Two types of anaphoric control constructions Obligatory anaphoric control Coreference is required between an argument of the matrix clause and the controlled position in the subordinate clause. An anaphor in an anaphoric control construction may be assigned an antecedent by the rules of sentence grammar. Arbitrary anaphoric control No coreference constraints are imposed by the control verb. The controlled argument in the subordinate clause finds its referent in a way very similar to an ordinary pronoun, Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 30/33
35 Obligatory anaphoric control PS Rule V V (NP) (VP) = ( obj) = ( xcomp comp) = Lexicon entries tried V ( pred) = try subjcomp ( comp subj pred) = PRO convinced V ( pred) = convince subj,obj,comp ( comp subj pred) = PRO Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 31/33
36 Arbitrary anaphoric control (22) David gestured to follow Chris. pred gesture subj,comp subj pred david pred follow subj,obj comp subj pred PRO obj pred chris Meaning: David gestured for some unspecified individual(s) to follow Chris. Syntactically, obligatory and arbitrary control constructions do not differ. gesture V ( pred) = gesture subj,comp ( comp subj pred) = PRO Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 32/33
37 Reading Lexical Functional Grammar 11.1, , 12.3, 12.5 Weiwei Sun Lexical-Functional Grammar 33/33
Case government vs Case agreement: modelling Modern Greek case attraction phenomena in LFG
Case government vs Case agreement: modelling Modern Greek case attraction phenomena in LFG Dr. Kakia Chatsiou, University of Essex achats at essex.ac.uk Explorations in Syntactic Government and Subcategorisation,
More informationApproaches to control phenomena handout Obligatory control and morphological case: Icelandic and Basque
Approaches to control phenomena handout 6 5.4 Obligatory control and morphological case: Icelandic and Basque Icelandinc quirky case (displaying properties of both structural and inherent case: lexically
More informationBasic Syntax. Doug Arnold We review some basic grammatical ideas and terminology, and look at some common constructions in English.
Basic Syntax Doug Arnold doug@essex.ac.uk We review some basic grammatical ideas and terminology, and look at some common constructions in English. 1 Categories 1.1 Word level (lexical and functional)
More informationTHE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES
THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES PRO and Control in Lexical Functional Grammar: Lexical or Theory Motivated? Evidence from Kikuyu Njuguna Githitu Bernard Ph.D. Student, University
More informationUniversal Grammar 2. Universal Grammar 1. Forms and functions 1. Universal Grammar 3. Conceptual and surface structure of complex clauses
Universal Grammar 1 evidence : 1. crosslinguistic investigation of properties of languages 2. evidence from language acquisition 3. general cognitive abilities 1. Properties can be reflected in a.) structural
More informationENGBG1 ENGBL1 Campus Linguistics. Meeting 2. Chapter 7 (Morphology) and chapter 9 (Syntax) Pia Sundqvist
Meeting 2 Chapter 7 (Morphology) and chapter 9 (Syntax) Today s agenda Repetition of meeting 1 Mini-lecture on morphology Seminar on chapter 7, worksheet Mini-lecture on syntax Seminar on chapter 9, worksheet
More informationTheoretical Syntax Winter Answers to practice problems
Linguistics 325 Sturman Theoretical Syntax Winter 2017 Answers to practice problems 1. Draw trees for the following English sentences. a. I have not been running in the mornings. 1 b. Joel frequently sings
More informationWords come in categories
Nouns Words come in categories D: A grammatical category is a class of expressions which share a common set of grammatical properties (a.k.a. word class or part of speech). Words come in categories Open
More informationThe presence of interpretable but ungrammatical sentences corresponds to mismatches between interpretive and productive parsing.
Lecture 4: OT Syntax Sources: Kager 1999, Section 8; Legendre et al. 1998; Grimshaw 1997; Barbosa et al. 1998, Introduction; Bresnan 1998; Fanselow et al. 1999; Gibson & Broihier 1998. OT is not a theory
More informationSwitched Control and other 'uncontrolled' cases of obligatory control
Switched Control and other 'uncontrolled' cases of obligatory control Dorothee Beermann and Lars Hellan Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway dorothee.beermann@ntnu.no, lars.hellan@ntnu.no
More informationSom and Optimality Theory
Som and Optimality Theory This article argues that the difference between English and Norwegian with respect to the presence of a complementizer in embedded subject questions is attributable to a larger
More informationChapter 4: Valence & Agreement CSLI Publications
Chapter 4: Valence & Agreement Reminder: Where We Are Simple CFG doesn t allow us to cross-classify categories, e.g., verbs can be grouped by transitivity (deny vs. disappear) or by number (deny vs. denies).
More informationControl and Boundedness
Control and Boundedness Having eliminated rules, we would expect constructions to follow from the lexical categories (of heads and specifiers of syntactic constructions) alone. Combinatory syntax simply
More informationDerivational and Inflectional Morphemes in Pak-Pak Language
Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes in Pak-Pak Language Agustina Situmorang and Tima Mariany Arifin ABSTRACT The objectives of this study are to find out the derivational and inflectional morphemes
More informationIntroduction to HPSG. Introduction. Historical Overview. The HPSG architecture. Signature. Linguistic Objects. Descriptions.
to as a linguistic theory to to a member of the family of linguistic frameworks that are called generative grammars a grammar which is formalized to a high degree and thus makes exact predictions about
More informationFeature-Based Grammar
8 Feature-Based Grammar James P. Blevins 8.1 Introduction This chapter considers some of the basic ideas about language and linguistic analysis that define the family of feature-based grammars. Underlying
More information1/20 idea. We ll spend an extra hour on 1/21. based on assigned readings. so you ll be ready to discuss them in class
If we cancel class 1/20 idea We ll spend an extra hour on 1/21 I ll give you a brief writing problem for 1/21 based on assigned readings Jot down your thoughts based on your reading so you ll be ready
More informationThe Structure of Relative Clauses in Maay Maay By Elly Zimmer
I Introduction A. Goals of this study The Structure of Relative Clauses in Maay Maay By Elly Zimmer 1. Provide a basic documentation of Maay Maay relative clauses First time this structure has ever been
More informationInleiding Taalkunde. Docent: Paola Monachesi. Blok 4, 2001/ Syntax 2. 2 Phrases and constituent structure 2. 3 A minigrammar of Italian 3
Inleiding Taalkunde Docent: Paola Monachesi Blok 4, 2001/2002 Contents 1 Syntax 2 2 Phrases and constituent structure 2 3 A minigrammar of Italian 3 4 Trees 3 5 Developing an Italian lexicon 4 6 S(emantic)-selection
More informationParsing of part-of-speech tagged Assamese Texts
IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2009 ISSN (Online): 1694-0784 ISSN (Print): 1694-0814 28 Parsing of part-of-speech tagged Assamese Texts Mirzanur Rahman 1, Sufal
More informationUnderlying and Surface Grammatical Relations in Greek consider
0 Underlying and Surface Grammatical Relations in Greek consider Sentences Brian D. Joseph The Ohio State University Abbreviated Title Grammatical Relations in Greek consider Sentences Brian D. Joseph
More informationCh VI- SENTENCE PATTERNS.
Ch VI- SENTENCE PATTERNS faizrisd@gmail.com www.pakfaizal.com It is a common fact that in the making of well-formed sentences we badly need several syntactic devices used to link together words by means
More informationHeads and history NIGEL VINCENT & KERSTI BÖRJARS The University of Manchester
Heads and history NIGEL VINCENT & KERSTI BÖRJARS The University of Manchester Heads come in two kinds: lexical and functional. While the former are treated in a largely uniform way across theoretical frameworks,
More informationConstraining X-Bar: Theta Theory
Constraining X-Bar: Theta Theory Carnie, 2013, chapter 8 Kofi K. Saah 1 Learning objectives Distinguish between thematic relation and theta role. Identify the thematic relations agent, theme, goal, source,
More informationInformatics 2A: Language Complexity and the. Inf2A: Chomsky Hierarchy
Informatics 2A: Language Complexity and the Chomsky Hierarchy September 28, 2010 Starter 1 Is there a finite state machine that recognises all those strings s from the alphabet {a, b} where the difference
More informationConstruction Grammar. University of Jena.
Construction Grammar Holger Diessel University of Jena holger.diessel@uni-jena.de http://www.holger-diessel.de/ Words seem to have a prototype structure; but language does not only consist of words. What
More informationGrammars & Parsing, Part 1:
Grammars & Parsing, Part 1: Rules, representations, and transformations- oh my! Sentence VP The teacher Verb gave the lecture 2015-02-12 CS 562/662: Natural Language Processing Game plan for today: Review
More informationChapter 3: Semi-lexical categories. nor truly functional. As Corver and van Riemsdijk rightly point out, There is more
Chapter 3: Semi-lexical categories 0 Introduction While lexical and functional categories are central to current approaches to syntax, it has been noticed that not all categories fit perfectly into this
More informationCS 598 Natural Language Processing
CS 598 Natural Language Processing Natural language is everywhere Natural language is everywhere Natural language is everywhere Natural language is everywhere!"#$%&'&()*+,-./012 34*5665756638/9:;< =>?@ABCDEFGHIJ5KL@
More informationSyntax Parsing 1. Grammars and parsing 2. Top-down and bottom-up parsing 3. Chart parsers 4. Bottom-up chart parsing 5. The Earley Algorithm
Syntax Parsing 1. Grammars and parsing 2. Top-down and bottom-up parsing 3. Chart parsers 4. Bottom-up chart parsing 5. The Earley Algorithm syntax: from the Greek syntaxis, meaning setting out together
More informationOn the Notion Determiner
On the Notion Determiner Frank Van Eynde University of Leuven Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar Michigan State University Stefan Müller (Editor) 2003
More informationcambridge occasional papers in linguistics Volume 8, Article 3: 41 55, 2015 ISSN
C O P i L cambridge occasional papers in linguistics Volume 8, Article 3: 41 55, 2015 ISSN 2050-5949 THE DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURE BUILDING IN RANGI: AT THE SYNTAX-SEMANTICS INTERFACE H a n n a h G i b s o
More informationKorean ECM Constructions and Cyclic Linearization
Korean ECM Constructions and Cyclic Linearization DONGWOO PARK University of Maryland, College Park 1 Introduction One of the peculiar properties of the Korean Exceptional Case Marking (ECM) constructions
More informationArgument structure and theta roles
Argument structure and theta roles Introduction to Syntax, EGG Summer School 2017 András Bárány ab155@soas.ac.uk 26 July 2017 Overview Where we left off Arguments and theta roles Some consequences of theta
More informationProof Theory for Syntacticians
Department of Linguistics Ohio State University Syntax 2 (Linguistics 602.02) January 5, 2012 Logics for Linguistics Many different kinds of logic are directly applicable to formalizing theories in syntax
More informationL1 and L2 acquisition. Holger Diessel
L1 and L2 acquisition Holger Diessel Schedule Comparing L1 and L2 acquisition The role of the native language in L2 acquisition The critical period hypothesis [student presentation] Non-linguistic factors
More informationAgree or Move? On Partial Control Anna Snarska, Adam Mickiewicz University
PLM, 14 September 2007 Agree or Move? On Partial Control Anna Snarska, Adam Mickiewicz University 1. Introduction While in the history of generative grammar the distinction between Obligatory Control (OC)
More informationDerivational: Inflectional: In a fit of rage the soldiers attacked them both that week, but lost the fight.
Final Exam (120 points) Click on the yellow balloons below to see the answers I. Short Answer (32pts) 1. (6) The sentence The kinder teachers made sure that the students comprehended the testable material
More informationFeature-Based Binding and Phase Theory. A Dissertation Presented. Andrei Antonenko. The Graduate School. in Partial Fulfillment of the.
Feature-Based Binding and Phase Theory A Dissertation Presented by Andrei Antonenko to The Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics
More informationThe optimal placement of up and ab A comparison 1
The optimal placement of up and ab A comparison 1 Nicole Dehé Humboldt-University, Berlin December 2002 1 Introduction This paper presents an optimality theoretic approach to the transitive particle verb
More informationThe Pennsylvania State University. The Graduate School. College of the Liberal Arts THE TEACHABILITY HYPOTHESIS AND CONCEPT-BASED INSTRUCTION
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts THE TEACHABILITY HYPOTHESIS AND CONCEPT-BASED INSTRUCTION TOPICALIZATION IN CHINESE AS A SECOND LANGUAGE A Dissertation
More informationLNGT0101 Introduction to Linguistics
LNGT0101 Introduction to Linguistics Lecture #11 Oct 15 th, 2014 Announcements HW3 is now posted. It s due Wed Oct 22 by 5pm. Today is a sociolinguistics talk by Toni Cook at 4:30 at Hillcrest 103. Extra
More informationBasic Parsing with Context-Free Grammars. Some slides adapted from Julia Hirschberg and Dan Jurafsky 1
Basic Parsing with Context-Free Grammars Some slides adapted from Julia Hirschberg and Dan Jurafsky 1 Announcements HW 2 to go out today. Next Tuesday most important for background to assignment Sign up
More informationEAGLE: an Error-Annotated Corpus of Beginning Learner German
EAGLE: an Error-Annotated Corpus of Beginning Learner German Adriane Boyd Department of Linguistics The Ohio State University adriane@ling.osu.edu Abstract This paper describes the Error-Annotated German
More information15 The syntax of overmarking and kes in child Korean
C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP/260963/WORKINGFOLDER/LEZ/9780521833356C15.3D 221 [221 230] 19.3.2009 9:21PM 15 The syntax of overmarking and kes in child Korean John Whitman Overmarking Overmarking errors occur in early
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 154 ( 2014 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 154 ( 2014 ) 263 267 THE XXV ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC CONFERENCE, LANGUAGE AND CULTURE, 20-22 October
More informationUniversität Duisburg-Essen
Keriman Kırkıcı The Acquisition of the Pro-Drop Parameter in Turkish as a Second Language Series A: General & Theoretical Papers ISSN 1435-6473 Essen: LAUD 2008 Paper No. 722 Universität Duisburg-Essen
More informationTowards a Machine-Learning Architecture for Lexical Functional Grammar Parsing. Grzegorz Chrupa la
Towards a Machine-Learning Architecture for Lexical Functional Grammar Parsing Grzegorz Chrupa la A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
More informationcmp-lg/ Jul 1995
A CONSTRAINT-BASED CASE FRAME LEXICON ARCHITECTURE 1 Introduction Kemal Oazer and Okan Ylmaz Department of Computer Engineering and Information Science Bilkent University Bilkent, Ankara 0, Turkey fko,okang@cs.bilkent.edu.tr
More informationSecond Language Acquisition of Complex Structures: The Case of English Restrictive Relative Clauses
ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 2, No. 7, pp. 1330-1340, July 2012 Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/tpls.2.7.1330-1340 Second Language Acquisition of Complex Structures:
More informationImproved Effects of Word-Retrieval Treatments Subsequent to Addition of the Orthographic Form
Orthographic Form 1 Improved Effects of Word-Retrieval Treatments Subsequent to Addition of the Orthographic Form The development and testing of word-retrieval treatments for aphasia has generally focused
More informationLING 329 : MORPHOLOGY
LING 329 : MORPHOLOGY TTh 10:30 11:50 AM, Physics 121 Course Syllabus Spring 2013 Matt Pearson Office: Vollum 313 Email: pearsonm@reed.edu Phone: 7618 (off campus: 503-517-7618) Office hrs: Mon 1:30 2:30,
More informationCHILDREN S POSSESSIVE STRUCTURES: A CASE STUDY 1. Andrew Radford and Joseph Galasso, University of Essex
CHILDREN S POSSESSIVE STRUCTURES: A CASE STUDY 1 Andrew Radford and Joseph Galasso, University of Essex 1998 Two-and three-year-old children generally go through a stage during which they sporadically
More informationLanguage acquisition: acquiring some aspects of syntax.
Language acquisition: acquiring some aspects of syntax. Anne Christophe and Jeff Lidz Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique Language: a productive system the unit of meaning is the word
More informationNegation through reduplication and tone: implications for the LFG/PFM interface 1
J. Linguistics 00 (0000) doi:10.1017/s0000000000000000 Printed in the United Kingdom Negation through reduplication and tone: implications for the LFG/PFM interface 1 AUTHOR Affiliation (Received 24 July
More informationSOME MINIMAL NOTES ON MINIMALISM *
In Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Newsletter 36, 7-10. (2000) SOME MINIMAL NOTES ON MINIMALISM * Sze-Wing Tang The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 1 Introduction Based on the framework outlined in chapter
More informationEnhancing Unlexicalized Parsing Performance using a Wide Coverage Lexicon, Fuzzy Tag-set Mapping, and EM-HMM-based Lexical Probabilities
Enhancing Unlexicalized Parsing Performance using a Wide Coverage Lexicon, Fuzzy Tag-set Mapping, and EM-HMM-based Lexical Probabilities Yoav Goldberg Reut Tsarfaty Meni Adler Michael Elhadad Ben Gurion
More informationA Computational Evaluation of Case-Assignment Algorithms
A Computational Evaluation of Case-Assignment Algorithms Miles Calabresi Advisors: Bob Frank and Jim Wood Submitted to the faculty of the Department of Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirements
More informationUpdate on Soar-based language processing
Update on Soar-based language processing Deryle Lonsdale (and the rest of the BYU NL-Soar Research Group) BYU Linguistics lonz@byu.edu Soar 2006 1 NL-Soar Soar 2006 2 NL-Soar developments Discourse/robotic
More informationOn the Head Movement of Complex Nominal Predicates * Andrew Carnie Massachusetts Institute of Technology
On the Head Movement of Complex Nominal Predicates * Andrew Carnie Massachusetts Institute of Technology In this very short paper I argue, using evidence from Irish copular sentences, that under certain
More informationConstructions with Lexical Integrity *
Constructions with Lexical Integrity * Ash Asudeh, Mary Dalrymple, and Ida Toivonen Carleton University & Oxford University abstract Construction Grammar holds that unpredictable form-meaning combinations
More informationMinimalism is the name of the predominant approach in generative linguistics today. It was first
Minimalism Minimalism is the name of the predominant approach in generative linguistics today. It was first introduced by Chomsky in his work The Minimalist Program (1995) and has seen several developments
More informationA relational approach to translation
A relational approach to translation Rémi Zajac Project POLYGLOSS* University of Stuttgart IMS-CL /IfI-AIS, KeplerstraBe 17 7000 Stuttgart 1, West-Germany zajac@is.informatik.uni-stuttgart.dbp.de Abstract.
More informationLFG Semantics via Constraints
LFG Semantics via Constraints Mary Dalrymple John Lamping Vijay Saraswat fdalrymple, lamping, saraswatg@parc.xerox.com Xerox PARC 3333 Coyote Hill Road Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA Abstract Semantic theories
More informationLanguage Acquisition by Identical vs. Fraternal SLI Twins * Karin Stromswold & Jay I. Rifkin
Stromswold & Rifkin, Language Acquisition by MZ & DZ SLI Twins (SRCLD, 1996) 1 Language Acquisition by Identical vs. Fraternal SLI Twins * Karin Stromswold & Jay I. Rifkin Dept. of Psychology & Ctr. for
More informationType-driven semantic interpretation and feature dependencies in R-LFG
Type-driven semantic interpretation and feature dependencies in R-LFG Mark Johnson Revision of 23rd August, 1997 1 Introduction This paper describes a new formalization of Lexical-Functional Grammar called
More informationDerivations (MP) and Evaluations (OT) *
Derivations (MP) and Evaluations (OT) * Leiden University (LUCL) The main claim of this paper is that the minimalist framework and optimality theory adopt more or less the same architecture of grammar:
More informationAdapting Stochastic Output for Rule-Based Semantics
Adapting Stochastic Output for Rule-Based Semantics Wissenschaftliche Arbeit zur Erlangung des Grades eines Diplom-Handelslehrers im Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Universität Konstanz Februar
More informationMinding the Absent: Arguments for the Full Competence Hypothesis 1. Abstract
To appear in Language Acquisition Minding the Absent: Arguments for the Full Competence Hypothesis 1 Hagit Borer University of Southern California Bernhard Rohrbacher U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9 th
More informationA Minimalist Approach to Code-Switching. In the field of linguistics, the topic of bilingualism is a broad one. There are many
Schmidt 1 Eric Schmidt Prof. Suzanne Flynn Linguistic Study of Bilingualism December 13, 2013 A Minimalist Approach to Code-Switching In the field of linguistics, the topic of bilingualism is a broad one.
More informationStructure-Preserving Extraction without Traces
Empirical Issues in Syntax and Semantics 5 O. Bonami & P. Cabredo Hofherr (eds.) 2004, pp. 27 44 http://www.cssp.cnrs.fr/eiss5 Structure-Preserving Extraction without Traces Wesley Davidson 1 Introduction
More informationDeveloping a TT-MCTAG for German with an RCG-based Parser
Developing a TT-MCTAG for German with an RCG-based Parser Laura Kallmeyer, Timm Lichte, Wolfgang Maier, Yannick Parmentier, Johannes Dellert University of Tübingen, Germany CNRS-LORIA, France LREC 2008,
More informationFrequency and pragmatically unmarked word order *
Frequency and pragmatically unmarked word order * Matthew S. Dryer SUNY at Buffalo 1. Introduction Discussions of word order in languages with flexible word order in which different word orders are grammatical
More informationCompositional Semantics
Compositional Semantics CMSC 723 / LING 723 / INST 725 MARINE CARPUAT marine@cs.umd.edu Words, bag of words Sequences Trees Meaning Representing Meaning An important goal of NLP/AI: convert natural language
More informationLecture 9. The Semantic Typology of Indefinites
Barbara H. Partee, RGGU April 15, 2004 p. 1 Lecture 9. The Semantic Typology of Indefinites 1. The semantic problems of indefinites, quantification, discourse anaphora, donkey sentences...1 2. The main
More informationEach copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission.
Reconstruction and the Structure of VP: Some Theoretical Consequences Author(s): C.-T. James Huang Source: Linguistic Inquiry, Vol. 24, No. 1 (Winter, 1993), pp. 103-138 Published by: The MIT Press Stable
More informationPseudo-Passives as Adjectival Passives
Pseudo-Passives as Adjectival Passives Kwang-sup Kim Hankuk University of Foreign Studies English Department 81 Oedae-lo Cheoin-Gu Yongin-City 449-791 Republic of Korea kwangsup@hufs.ac.kr Abstract The
More informationL1/L2 Spanish grammars and the pragmatic deficit hypothesis
Second Language Research 15,2 (1999); pp. 161 190 L1/L2 Spanish grammars and the pragmatic deficit hypothesis J.M. Liceras University of Ottawa, E. Valenzuela McGill University and L. Díaz Universitat
More informationThe building blocks of HPSG grammars. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) HPSG grammars from a linguistic perspective
Te building blocks of HPSG grammars Head-Driven Prase Structure Grammar (HPSG) In HPSG, sentences, s, prases, and multisentence discourses are all represented as signs = complexes of ponological, syntactic/semantic,
More informationToday we examine the distribution of infinitival clauses, which can be
Infinitival Clauses Today we examine the distribution of infinitival clauses, which can be a) the subject of a main clause (1) [to vote for oneself] is objectionable (2) It is objectionable to vote for
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Veenstra, M. J. A. (1998). Formalizing the minimalist program Groningen: s.n.
University of Groningen Formalizing the minimalist program Veenstra, Mettina Jolanda Arnoldina IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF if you wish to cite from
More informationPROJECTIONS AND GLUE FOR CLAUSE-UNION COMPLEX PREDICATES. Avery D Andrews The Australian National University. Proceedings of the LFG07 Conference
PROJECTIONS AND GLUE FOR CLAUSE-UNION COMPLEX PREDICATES Avery D Andrews The Australian National University Proceedings of the LFG07 Conference Miriam Butt and Tracy Holloway King (Editors) 2007 CSLI Publications
More informationSome Principles of Automated Natural Language Information Extraction
Some Principles of Automated Natural Language Information Extraction Gregers Koch Department of Computer Science, Copenhagen University DIKU, Universitetsparken 1, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Abstract
More information"f TOPIC =T COMP COMP... OBJ
TREATMENT OF LONG DISTANCE DEPENDENCIES IN LFG AND TAG: FUNCTIONAL UNCERTAINTY IN LFG IS A COROLLARY IN TAG" Aravind K. Joshi Dept. of Computer & Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia,
More informationTibor Kiss Reconstituting Grammar: Hagit Borer's Exoskeletal Syntax 1
Tibor Kiss Reconstituting Grammar: Hagit Borer's Exoskeletal Syntax 1 1 Introduction Lexicalism is pervasive in modern syntactic theory, and so is the driving force behind lexicalism, projectionism. Syntactic
More informationFocusing bound pronouns
Natural Language Semantics manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Focusing bound pronouns Clemens Mayr Received: date / Accepted: date Abstract The presence of contrastive focus on pronouns interpreted
More informationUCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Head Movement in Narrow Syntax Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fg4273b Author O'Flynn, Kathleen Chase Publication Date 2016-01-01 Peer reviewed
More informationUsing a Native Language Reference Grammar as a Language Learning Tool
Using a Native Language Reference Grammar as a Language Learning Tool Stacey I. Oberly University of Arizona & American Indian Language Development Institute Introduction This article is a case study in
More informationELD CELDT 5 EDGE Level C Curriculum Guide LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT VOCABULARY COMMON WRITING PROJECT. ToolKit
Unit 1 Language Development Express Ideas and Opinions Ask for and Give Information Engage in Discussion ELD CELDT 5 EDGE Level C Curriculum Guide 20132014 Sentences Reflective Essay August 12 th September
More informationLinguistic Inquiry, Volume 35, Number 1, Winter 2004, pp (Article)
F r t nd nd P r n Pr n n B nd V r bl Hotze Rullmann Linguistic Inquiry, Volume 35, Number 1, Winter 2004, pp. 159-168 (Article) P bl h d b Th T Pr For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/lin/summary/v035/35.1rullmann.html
More informationSemantic Inference at the Lexical-Syntactic Level for Textual Entailment Recognition
Semantic Inference at the Lexical-Syntactic Level for Textual Entailment Recognition Roy Bar-Haim,Ido Dagan, Iddo Greental, Idan Szpektor and Moshe Friedman Computer Science Department, Bar-Ilan University,
More information18 The syntax phonology interface
Comp. by: PAnanthi Date:19/10/06 Time:13:41:29 Stage:1st Revises File Path:// 18 The syntax phonology interface Hubert Truckenbrodt 18.1 Introduction Phonological structure is sensitive to syntactic phrase
More informationCAS LX 522 Syntax I. Long-distance wh-movement. Long distance wh-movement. Islands. Islands. Locality. NP Sea. NP Sea
19 CAS LX 522 Syntax I wh-movement and locality (9.1-9.3) Long-distance wh-movement What did Hurley say [ CP he was writing ]? This is a question: The highest C has a [Q] (=[clause-type:q]) feature and
More informationImproving coverage and parsing quality of a large-scale LFG for German
Improving coverage and parsing quality of a large-scale LFG for German Christian Rohrer, Martin Forst Institute for Natural Language Processing (IMS) University of Stuttgart Azenbergstr. 12 70174 Stuttgart,
More informationAn Introduction to the Minimalist Program
An Introduction to the Minimalist Program Luke Smith University of Arizona Summer 2016 Some findings of traditional syntax Human languages vary greatly, but digging deeper, they all have distinct commonalities:
More informationThe semantics of case *
The semantics of case * ANNABEL CORMACK 1 Introduction As it is currently understood within P&P theory, the Case module appears to be a purely syntactic condition, contributing to regulating the syntactic
More informationIn Udmurt (Uralic, Russia) possessors bear genitive case except in accusative DPs where they receive ablative case.
Sören E. Worbs The University of Leipzig Modul 04-046-2015 soeren.e.worbs@gmail.de November 22, 2016 Case stacking below the surface: On the possessor case alternation in Udmurt (Assmann et al. 2014) 1
More informationSegmented Discourse Representation Theory. Dynamic Semantics with Discourse Structure
Introduction Outline : Dynamic Semantics with Discourse Structure pierrel@coli.uni-sb.de Seminar on Computational Models of Discourse, WS 2007-2008 Department of Computational Linguistics & Phonetics Universität
More informationTagged for Deletion: A Typological Approach to VP Ellipsis in Tag Questions
Tagged for Deletion: A Typological Approach to VP Ellipsis in Tag Questions Craig Sailor cwsailor@ucla.edu UCLA Master s thesis 14 October 2009 Note to the reader: Apart from a few organizational and typographical
More informationPhenomena of gender attraction in Polish *
Chiara Finocchiaro and Anna Cielicka Phenomena of gender attraction in Polish * 1. Introduction The selection and use of grammatical features - such as gender and number - in producing sentences involve
More information