Curriculum Planning Manual Language Arts

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1 Curriculum Planning Manual Language Arts 3LIT Windmill Parkway #142 Henderson, NV, Toll Free:

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3 Table of Contents Language Arts Curriculum Planning Manual Teachers Guides and Scope and Sequences Please note: Courses are listed in grade level sequence. Building Vocabulary I VIII... 8 Building Vocabulary I...13 Building Vocabulary II...16 Building Vocabulary III...19 Building Vocabulary IV...22 Building Vocabulary V...24 Building Vocabulary VI...26 Building Vocabulary VII...29 Building Vocabulary VIII...32 Language Usage I VIII...35 Language Usage I...39 Language Usage II...41 Language Usage III...44 Language Usage IV...46 Language Usage V...48 Language Usage VI...50 Language Usage VII...52 Language Usage VIII...55 Learning Letter Sounds...57 Storybook Phonics I and II...64 Storybook Phonics I...68 Storybook Phonics II...71 Reading I VIII...74 Reading I...81 Reading II...84 Reading III...87 i

4 Table of Contents Reading IV...90 Reading V...93 Reading VI...96 Reading VII...99 Reading VIII English Literature IX XII English Literature IX The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Romeo and Juliet A Tale of Two Cities Short Stories English Literature X The Jungle Julius Caesar Great Expectations The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn English Literature XI Moby Dick The Last of the Mohicans The Red Badge of Courage The House of the Seven Gables English Literature XII Jane Eyre Macbeth Wuthering Heights Pride and Prejudice Short Stories English Skills IX XII English Skills IX English Skills X English Skills XI English Skills XII Writing I XII Writing I Writing II ii

5 Table of Contents Writing III Writing IV Writing V Writing VI Writing VII Writing VIII Writing IX Writing X Writing XI Writing XII Language Arts Keyboard Companion I VI Language Arts Keyboard Companion I Language Arts Keyboard Companion II Language Arts Keyboard Companion III Language Arts Keyboard Companion IV Language Arts Keyboard Companion V Language Arts Keyboard Companion VI iii

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7 Language Arts Grade Levels K 12 The GlobalCourseware Language Arts courses include comprehensive, completely integrated courses for grades K-12. The Language Arts titles are designed to reinforce skills in vocabulary, grammar, language, writing, literature, and reading comprehension in many forms and levels of learning. The Language Arts courses provide an extensive e-learning solution ideal for schools that want to use technology to improve their instructional process. Language Arts is presented as a collection of year-long courses. All lessons contain an integrated study guide and essay or other constructed response. Lessons include a variety of essay types such as descriptive, persuasive, expository, and letter writing. Most Language Arts lessons are certified by MetaMetrics with Lexile scores. Some courses are enriched by Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition (EB) workspaces that contain learning materials. Learning materials may contain articles, games, images, maps, and/or videos. 1

8 Language Arts Grade Levels K 12 The content in these courses is designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) for the Standards of English Language Arts. Students learn to identify and correctly use nouns, verbs, modifiers, and the other parts of speech. They also learn the importance of sentence construction and identifying sentence parts including simple and complex subjects and predicates, verbs, and phrases as well as capitalization and punctuation guidelines. The Writing titles emphasize six aspects of writing including ideas, organization, voice, word choice, fluency, and conventions. Students will learn varieties of writing formats that include personal narratives, journals, newspaper writing, and descriptive writing. The Literature lessons provide a broad exposure to literature, enabling the student to acquire the necessary skills to understand and appreciate literature by exploring universal themes through study guides and later in the questions on literary terms, devices, and forms. 2

9 Language Arts Grade Levels K 12 Third-Party Content in GlobalCourseware Lessons The Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition has teacher resources and student learning materials. The materials include a wide range of interactive lessons, research projects, animations, and worksheets that support many GlobalCourseware lessons. Each workspace may contain an article, diagram, study guide, video, or interactive media. The launch icon for EB objects is located at the top of the GC screen in the study guide section. 3

10 Language Arts Grade Levels K 12 Software Web Browser Plug-ins Media Player EB Third Party Content EB, PDFs EB Recommendation Software Requirements Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher or Safari 2.0 or higher Adobe Flash Player Adobe Shockwave Player Adobe Reader Java 1.41 or higher Quicktime or Link for Download (select Get ADOBE FLASH PLAYER) (select Get SHOCKWAVE PLAYER) (select Get ADOBE READER) normally installed with your GlobalCourseware client Windows Media Player For further exploration, resource links to the Internet may be provided in some lessons. An Internet connection is required to utilize the EB components of the GlobalCourseware. 4

11 Language Arts Grade Levels K 12 The Writing courses each contain a variety of lessons and differ in length, grade level, and available features. Listed below are the courses found within the curriculum planning manual. Course Name Number of Lessons Length of Course in Semesters Grade Levels Lexile Measure Building Vocabulary I L Building Vocabulary II L Building Vocabulary III L Building Vocabulary IV L Building Vocabulary V L Building Vocabulary VI L Building Vocabulary VII L Building Vocabulary VIII L Language Usage I L Language Usage II L Language Usage III L Language Usage IV L Language Usage V L Language Usage VI L Language Usage VII L Language Usage VIII L 5

12 Language Arts Grade Levels K 12 Course Name Number of Lessons Length of Course in Semesters Grade Levels Learning Letter Sounds 69 K Storybook Phonics I 15 K 2 Storybook Phonics II Lexile Measure Reading I L Reading II L Reading III L Reading IV L Reading V L Reading VI L Reading VII L Reading VIII L English Literature IX L English Literature X L English Literature XI L English Literature XII L English Skills IX L English Skills X L English Skills XI L English Skills XII L 6

13 Language Arts Grade Levels K 12 Course Name Number of Lessons Length of Course in Semesters Grade Levels Writing I 30 1 Writing II 34 2 Writing III 34 3 Writing IV 38 4 Writing V 45 5 Writing VI 45 6 Writing VII 45 7 Writing VIII 45 8 Writing IX Writing X Writing XI Writing XII Language Arts Keyboard Companion I Language Arts Keyboard Companion II Language Arts Keyboard Companion III Language Arts Keyboard Companion IV Language Arts Keyboard Companion V Language Arts Keyboard Companion VI Lexile Measure 7

14 Building Vocabulary I VIII Grades 1 8 GlobalCourseware Building Vocabulary I VIII introduces students to a variety of topics including: three key skills (phonemic awareness, phonics, and vocabulary development extensive tutorial and instructional narration in grade levels 1-3 core vocabulary words multiple exposures to the use of words and word sounds utilizing words in context language development exercises phonics skills of syllabication recognition of blends, digraphs, and diphthongs developing sight vocabularies dictionary and thesaurus skills synonyms, and antonyms connotation and denotation Latin and Greek root words prefixes and suffixes special vocabularies including vocabulary common to standardized tests multiple meaning words foreign terms and phrases promotion of language fluency 8

15 Building Vocabulary Grade Levels I VIII GlobalCourseware Building Vocabulary is a scientific, research-based, comprehensive, and completely integrated curriculum for grade levels 1-8. Building Vocabulary I, II, and III have tutorial and instructional voice support. A sequence of eight titles provides an extensive e-learning solution ideal for schools that want to use technology to improve their instructional process. All lessons contain a study guide, a practice and mastery test, and an essay or constructed response. Many lessons include a variety of essay types such as descriptive, persuasive, expository, and letter writing. The GlobalCourseware program consists of an Internet- based instructional management system with student assessment tools built in, and educators can test students on national, state, district, or local objectives because any set of standards can be added to the system. These courses are certified by MetaMetrics with a Lexile score. 9

16 Building Vocabulary Grade Levels I VIII The Basic Vocabulary courses provide instruction in basic phonemic principles (phonemic awareness), phonetic (phonics) and visual introduction to new words and word sounds, and multiple exposures to the use of words and word sounds. The student is provided an opportunity to use words in context and in language development exercises (vocabulary development). Emphasis is placed on phonics skills of syllabication, pronunciation, word definition, recognition of blends, digraphs, diphthongs, letters that have more than one sound, and sight vocabulary development at each grade level. Dictionary and thesaurus skills are enhanced through vocabulary exercises that include word recognition skills, multiple meaning words, synonyms, antonyms, connotation and denotation, Latin and Greek root words, prefixes and suffixes, foreign terms and phrases, core vocabulary words, and special vocabularies common to standardized tests. The GlobalCourseware program uses three key skills (phonemic awareness, phonics, and vocabulary development) identified by the National Reading Panel as it directs students from beginning reading levels to more advanced reading skills utilizing a Four-Step Approach in each title series. Software Requirements Software Third Party Content Recommendation Link for Download Plug-ins PDFs Adobe Reader (select Get ADOBE READER) For further exploration, resource links to the Internet may be provided in some lessons. 10

17 Building Vocabulary Grade Levels I VIII Students are required to complete the essay section for lesson mastery. This setting must be enabled on the Settings for Assignment of GlobalCourseware Lesson dialog box. The default setting does not require the completion of the essay for assignment mastery. The circled item in the figure at right shows the Essay option has been enabled. 11

18 Building Vocabulary Grade Levels I VIII The Building Vocabulary titles develop skills in practical situations by utilizing a Four-Step Approach: Study Guide, Practice Test, Mastery Test, and Essay modules are used to define the instructional environment. The Study Guide module provides text- and graphicsbased delivery of material that is reinforced by pictures and diagrams supported by a wealth of content. Study Guides teach the concepts and skills associated with each lesson. A number of the Study Guide pages have specific, interactive feedback that will assist the student in solving problems or understanding concepts. The Practice Test module allows the student to practice skills learned in the Study Guide section. The student has instant access to the study material for reference. In the Mastery Test module, the student takes a scored examination, electronically submits the test, and the results are recorded in the GlobalCourseware Management System. The Essay module allows the student to compose individual, free-form answers to a wide variety of questions and problems. 12

19 Building Vocabulary I Grade 1 Phonemic Awareness Students are asked to identify many sounds that would occur in public, at 1 Sound Recognition home and in school. The recognition of these sounds will help the students understand their everyday world. 2 Sound Sequence Students listen to a variety of sounds and identify the order of a two sound sequence 3 Loud and Soft Sounds Students identify various sounds according to the volume of the sound 4 Nonsense Sounds Students are asked to correctly identify the correct source of a sound 5 Sequencing Three Students listen to a variety of sounds and identify the order of a three sound Sounds sequence 6 Similar Sounds Students determine the difference between similar two sequence and three sequence sounds of everyday objects and animals Sounds 7 Introduction to Sounds 1 Students are introduced to all sounds, the definition of vowels and consonants 8 Introduction to Sounds 2 Students are introduced to all sounds, the definition of vowels and consonants 9 The Short /a/ Sound Students identify short /a/ sound in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating short vowel sound 10 The Short /e/ Sound Students identify short /e/ sound in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating short vowel sound 11 The Short /i/ Sound Students identify short /i/ sound in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating short vowel sound 12 The Short /o/ Sound Students identify short /o/ sound in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating short vowel sound 13 The Short /u/ Sound Students identify short /u/ sound in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating short vowel sound 14 The Long /a/ Sound Students identify long /a/ sound in examples: vowel/consonant/vowel concept in creating the long vowel sound 15 The Long /e/ Sound Students identify long /e/ sound in examples: vowel/consonant/vowel concept in creating the long vowel sound 16 The Long /i/ Sound Students identify long /i/ sound in examples: vowel/consonant/vowel concept in creating the long vowel sound 13

20 Building Vocabulary I Grade 1 17 The Long /o/ Sound Students identify long /o/ sound in examples: vowel/consonant/vowel concept in creating the long vowel sound 18 The Long /u/ Sound Students identify long /u/ sound in examples: vowel/consonant/vowel concept in creating the long vowel sound 19 The Long /oo/ Sound Students identify the long sound of /oo/ 20 The /er/ /ir/ /ur/ Sounds Students identify words that have the /er/, /ur/, and /ir/ sounds 21 The /ar/ Sound Students identify words that have the /ar/ sound in words 22 The /or/ Sound Students identify words having the /or/ sound 23 Y as a Vowel Students identify words using /y/ as a vowel sound 24 The Diphthong /ou/ & /ow/ Students work with spellings ow and ou representing the diphthong /ou/ 25 The Diphthong /oi/ & /oy/ Student work with the spellings oi and oy representing the diphthong /oi/ 26 Silent Vowels Students identify silent vowels in words; second vowel is usually silent 27 Initial Consonants 1 Students identify words that begin with the letters b, f; sound of the letters /b/, /f/ 28 Initial Consonants 2 Students identify words that begin with the letters d, g; sound of the letters /d/, /g/ 29 Initial Consonants 3 Students identify words that begin with the letters h, j; sound of the letters /h/, /j/ 30 Initial Consonants 4 Students identify words that begin with the letters k, c; /k/ and /c/ sometimes make the same sounds 31 Initial Consonants 5 Students identify words that begin with the letters l, m; sound of the letters /l/, /m/ 32 Initial Consonants 6 Students identify words that begin with the letters n, p; sound of the letters /n/, /p/ 33 Initial Consonants 7 Students identify words that begin with the letters q, r; sound of the letters /q/, /r/ 34 Initial Consonants 8 Students identify words that begin with the letters s, c; sound of the letters /s/, /c/ 35 Initial Consonants 9 Students identify words that begin with the letters t, v; sound of the letters /t/, /v/ 14

21 Building Vocabulary I Grade 1 Initial Consonants Students identify words that begin with the letters w, y, z; sound of the letters /w/, /y/, /z/ 37 Final Consonants 1 Students identify words that end with k, b; sounds of ending /k/, /b/ 38 Final Consonants 2 Students identify words that end with x, m, f; sounds of ending /x/, /m/, /f/ 39 Final Consonants 3 Students identify words that end with t, p; sounds of ending /t/, /p/ 40 Final Consonants 4 Students identify words that end with d, b; sounds of ending /d/, /b/ 41 Final Consonants 5 Students identify words that end with n, g; sounds of ending /n/, /g/ 42 Final Consonants 6 Students identify words that end with l, r; sounds of ending /l/, /r/ Like and Unlike Students identify letters with similar features; (c, e, o), (b, p, q, d), (v, w, u), 43 Letters (j, i), (g, y, j, p), (m, n, w, v, r) Like and Unlike Students identify words that look similar to other words; (on, no, so), (an, am, 44 Words and), (if, it, is, in) Definition of a blend; students identify examples of blends; (pl, pr, fl, fr, br, tr, 45 Initial Blends 1 scr, sk, sn) Definition of a blend; students identify examples of blends; (gr, dr, cr, cl, gl, 46 Initial Blends 2 Essay: Activity st, sc, sw, squ) Definition of a blend; students identify examples of blends; (sl, sp, bl, cl, sm, 47 Initial Blends 3 spl, spr, thur, str) Beginning Digraphs Definition of a digraph; example of digraph; students complete words using 48 1 digraphs ch, gh and ph Beginning Digraphs 49 Students identify words with sh and th; two sounds of /th/ 2 Location of digraphs in words; students complete words with correct digraphs: 50 Final Digraphs 1 ch, ph, ck, and sh Location of digraphs in words; students complete words with correct digraphs: 51 Final Digraphs 2 th, gh, and ng 52 Basic Sight Words 1 Identify, use, and correctly spell basic sight words 53 Basic Sight Words 2 Identify, use, and correctly spell basic sight words 54 Syllables The identification and use of closed, open, and accented syllables 55 Word Families Building vocabulary through the use of word families and rhyming words 56 Root Words Recognizing and using root words to build vocabulary Essay: Activity 57 Compound Words Recognizing and forming compound words 15

22 Building Vocabulary II Grade Level 2 1 Letters and Sounds 1 Students are introduced to all sounds, the definition of vowels and consonants 2 Letters and Sounds 2 Students are introduced to all sounds, the definition of vowels and consonants 3 The Short /a/ Sound Students identify short /a/ sound in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating short vowel sound 4 The Short /e/ Sound Students identify short /e/ sound in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating short vowel sound 5 The Short /i/ Sound Students identify short /i/ sound in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating short vowel sound 6 The Short /o/ Sound Students identify short /o/ sound in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating short vowel sound 7 The Short /u/ Sound Students identify short /u/ sound in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating short vowel sound 8 The Long /a/ Sound Students identify long /a/ sound in examples: vowel/consonant/vowel concept in creating the long vowel sound 9 The Long /e/ Sound Students identify long /e/ sound in examples: vowel/consonant/vowel concept in creating the long vowel sound 10 The Long /i/ Sound Students identify long /i/ sound in examples: vowel/consonant/vowel concept in creating the long vowel sound 11 The Long /o/ Sound Students identify long /o/ sound in examples: vowel/consonant/vowel concept in creating the long vowel sound 12 The Long /u/ Sound Students identify long /u/ sound in examples: vowel/consonant/vowel concept in creating the long vowel sound 13 The Short/Long /oo/ Sound Students identify the long and short sounds of /oo/ 14 The /Er/ /Ir/ /Ur/ Sounds Students identify words that have the /er/, /ur/, and /ir/ sounds 15 The /ar/ Sound Students identify words that have the /ar/ sound in words 16 The /or/ Sound Students identify words having the /or/ sound 17 Y as a Vowel Students identify words using /y/ as a vowel sound 18 The Diphthong /ou/ & /ow/ Students work with spellings ow and ou representing the diphthong /ou/ 19 The Diphthong /oi/ & /oy/ Student work with the spellings oi and oy representing the diphthong /oi/ 16

23 Building Vocabulary II Grade Level 2 20 Silent Vowels Students identify silent vowels in words; second vowel is usually silent Students identify words that begin with the letters b, d, f; sound of the letters 21 Initial Consonants 1 /b/, /d/, /f/ Students identify words that begin with the letters c, k, s; sound of the letters 22 Initial Consonants 2 /c/, /k/, /s/ Students identify words that begin with the letters g, h, j; sound of the letters 23 Initial Consonants 3 /g/, /h/, /j/ Students identify words that begin with the letters l, m, n; sound of the letters 24 Initial Consonants 4 /l/, /m/, /n/ Students identify words that begin with the letters p, q, r; sound of the letters 25 Initial Consonants 5 /p/, /q/, /r/ Students identify words that begin with the letters t, v, w; sound of the letters 26 Initial Consonants 6 /t/, /v/, /w/ Students identify words that begin with the letters y, z; sound of the letters 27 Initial Consonants 7 /y/, /z/ 28 Final Consonants 1 Students identify words that end with k, b, x; sounds of ending /k/, /b/, /x/ 29 Final Consonants 2 Students identify words that end with m, t, p; sounds of ending /m/, /t/, /p/ 30 Final Consonants 3 Students identify words that end with d, s, n; sounds of ending /d/, /s/, /n/ Students identify words that end with g, l; sounds of ending /g/, /l/ Students 31 Final Consonants 4 identify words that end with r, f; sounds of ending /r/, /f/ Like and Unlike Students identify letters with similar features; (c, e, o), (b, p, q, d), (v, w, u), 32 Letters (j, i), (g, y, j, p), (m, n, w, v, r) Like and Unlike Students identify words that look similar to other words; (on, no, so), (an, am, 33 Words and), (if, it, is, in) Definition of a blend; students identify examples of blends; (pl, pr, fl, fr, br, tr, 34 Initial Blends 1 sk, sn) Definition of a blend; students identify examples of blends; (gr, dr, cr, cl, gl, 35 Initial Blends 2 st, sc, sw, squ) Definition of a blend; students identify examples of blends: sl, sp, bl, cl, sm, 36 Initial Blends 3 spl, spr, thr, str Beginning Digraphs Definition of a digraph; example of digraph; students complete words using 37 1 digraphs ch, gh and ph Beginning Digraphs 38 Students identify words with sh and unvoiced th 2 17

24 Building Vocabulary II Grade Level 2 39 Final Digraphs 1 Location of digraphs in words; students complete words with correct digraphs ch, ph, ck, and sh 40 Final Digraphs 2 Location of digraphs in words; students complete words with correct digraphs th, gh, and ng 41 Basic Sight Words 1 Identify, use, and correctly spell basic sight words 42 Basic Sight Words 2 Identify, use, and correctly spell basic sight words 43 Syllables The identification and use of closed, open, and accented syllables 44 Dictionary Skills How to use a dictionary to determine the syllabication, pronunciation, definition, and correct spelling of words 45 Prefixes/Suffixes Using prefixes and suffixes to determine word meaning 46 Word Families Building vocabulary through the use of word families 47 Root Words Recognizing and using root words to build vocabulary 48 Compound Words Recognizing and forming compound words 49 Special Vocabulary Enrichment 18

25 Building Vocabulary III Grade Level 3 1 Introduction to Sounds 1 Students are introduced to all sounds, the definition of vowels and consonants 2 Introduction to Sounds 2 Students are introduced to all sounds, the definition of vowels and consonants 3 The Short /a/ Sound Students identify short /a/ sound in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating short vowel sound 4 The Short /e/ Sound Students identify short /e/ sound in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating short vowel sound 5 The Short /i/ Sound Students identify short /i/ sound in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating short vowel sound 6 The Short /o/ Sound Students identify short /o/ sound in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating short vowel sound 7 The Short /u/ Sound Students identify short /u/ sound in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating short vowel sound 8 The Long /a/ Sound Students identify long /a/ sound in examples: vowel/consonant/vowel concept in long vowel sound 9 The Long /e/ Sound Students identify long /e/ sound in examples: vowel/consonant/vowel concept in long vowel sound 10 The Long /i/ Sound Students identify long /i/ sound in examples: vowel/consonant/vowel concept in long vowel sound 11 The Long /o/ Sound Students identify long /o/ sound in examples: vowel/consonant/vowel concept in long vowel sound 12 The Long /u/ Sound Students identify long /u/ sound in examples: vowel/consonant/vowel concept in long vowel sound 13 The Long /oo/ Sound Students identify the long sound of /oo/ 14 The /oo/ Sound Students identify the three sounds of /oo/ 15 The /er/ /ir/ /ur/ Sounds Students identify words that have the /er/, /ur/, and /ir/ sounds 16 The /ar/ Sound Students identify words that have the /ar/ sound in words 17 The /or/ Sound Students identify words having the /or/ sound 18 Y as a Vowel Students identify words using y as a vowel sound 19 The Diphthong /ou/ & /ow/ Students work with spellings ow and ou representing the diphthong /ou/ 19

26 Building Vocabulary III Grade Level 3 The Diphthong /oi/ 20 Student work with the spellings oi and oy representing the diphthong /oi/ & /oy/ 21 Silent Vowels Students identify silent vowels in words; second vowel is usually silent Students identify words that begin with the letters b, d, f, g; sound of the 22 Initial Consonants 1 letters /b/, /d/, /f/, /g/; Students identify words that begin with the letters c, k, s; sound of the letters /c/, /k/, /s/ Students identify words that begin with the letters h, j, l, n; sound of the 23 Initial Consonants 2 letters /h/, /j/, /l/, /n/; Students identify words that begin with the letters n, p, q, r; sound of the letters /n/, /p/, /q/, /r/ Students identify words that begin with the letters t, v, w; sound of the letters 24 Initial Consonants 3 /t/, /v/, /w/; Students identify words that begin with the letters y, z; sound of the letters /y/, /z/ Initial Consonant 25 A review of initial consonants Review Students identify words that end with k, b, x, m; sounds of ending /k/, /b/, 26 Final Consonants 1 /x/ /m/ Students identify words that end with t, p, d s; sounds of ending /t/, /p/, /d/ 27 Final Consonants 2 /s/ Students identify words that end with n, g, l; sounds of ending /n/, /g/, /l/; 28 Final Consonants 3 Students identify words that end with r, f; sounds of ending /r/, /f/ Like and Unlike Students identify letters with similar features; (c, e, o), (b, p, q, d), (v, w, u,), 29 Letters (j, i), (g, y, j, p), (m, n, w, v, r) Like and Unlike Students identify words that look similar to other words; (on, no, so), (an, am, 30 Words and), (if, it, is, in) Definition of a blend; students identify examples of blends; (pl, pr, fl, fr, br, tr, 31 Initial Blends 1 scr, sk, sn) Definition of a blend; students identify examples of blends; (gr, dr, cr, cl, gl, 32 Initial Blends 2 st, sc, sw) Definition of a blend; students identify examples of blends; (sl, sp, bl, sm, spl, 33 Initial Blends 3 spr, thr, str, th, squ) Beginning Digraphs Definition of a digraph; example of digraph; students complete words using 34 1 digraphs ch, gh, and ph Beginning Digraphs 35 Students identify words with sh, voiced and unvoiced th, and wh 2 20

27 Building Vocabulary III Grade Level 3 36 Final Digraphs 1 Location of digraphs in words; students complete words with correct digraphs ch, ck, and sh 37 Final Digraphs 2 Location of digraphs in words; students complete words with correct digraphs th, gh, and ng 38 Basic Sight Words 1 Identify, use, and correctly spell basic sight words 39 Basic Sight Words 2 Identify, use, and correctly spell basic sight words 40 Basic Sight Words 3 Identify, use, and correctly spell basic sight words Essay: Activity 41 Dictionary How to use a dictionary to determine the syllabication, pronunciation, definition, and correct spelling of words 42 Prefixes Using prefixes to determine word meaning 43 Suffixes Using suffixes to determine word meaning 44 Base Words Recognizing and using base words to build vocabulary 45 Compound Words Recognizing and forming compound words 46 Synonyms Improving vocabulary through synonyms 47 Antonyms Improving vocabulary through antonyms 48 Homonyms Recognizing homonyms 49 Contractions Identify and form contractions 21

28 Building Vocabulary IV Grade Level 4 1 Dictionary 1 How to use a dictionary; parts of the dictionary; dictionary entry 2 Dictionary 2 How to use a dictionary to determine the syllabication, pronunciation key, definition, and correct spelling of words 3 Thesaurus How to use a thesaurus as a resource to find similar word meanings 4 Multiple Meaning Words Identify the multiple meanings of words 5 Sight Word Review Review of mastered basic sight words 6 Parts of Speech Review of the eight parts of speech 7 Analogies Definition of analogy; strategies for solving types of relationships; students practice completing analogies 8 Synonyms Improving vocabulary through synonyms 9 Antonyms Improving vocabulary through antonyms 10 Homonyms/ Homographs Recognizing homonyms and homographs 11 Words in Context Using denotation and connotation to determine the context word meaning 12 Prefixes 1 Using prefixes to determine word meaning 13 Prefixes 2 Using prefixes to determine word meaning 14 Suffixes 1 Using suffixes to determine word meaning 15 Suffixes 2 Using suffixes to determine word meaning 16 Latin and Greek Roots Expanding vocabulary through the study of common Latin and Greek roots 17 Word Recognition Strategies for critical recognition of small words in larger words, using context, prefixes, suffixes, and roots 18 What s in a Word? Words borrowed from names and places 19 Promoting vocabulary growth through the identification of core vocabulary Core Word words in social science, including geography, history, economics, anthropology, Vocabulary 1 sociology, and civics 20 Core Word Promoting vocabulary growth through the identification of core vocabulary Vocabulary 2 words art, music, and language arts 21 Core Word Promoting vocabulary growth through the identification of core vocabulary Vocabulary 3 words in math, science, and computers 22 Testing Strategies Test taking strategies; multiple choice; true/false; reading comprehension; vocabulary 23 Short Vowel Sounds Students identify short /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ sounds in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating the short vowel sound 22

29 Building Vocabulary IV Grade Level 4 Students identify long /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ sounds in examples: 24 Long Vowel Sounds vowel/consonant/vowel and consonant-vowel-vowel-consonant concepts in creating the long vowel sound 25 The /oo/ Sound Students identify long and short sounds of /oo/ in examples 26 The /ur/ Sound Students identify words that have the /ur/ sound spelled er, ir, or and ur sounds 27 Diphthongs 1 Students work with spellings ow and ou 28 Diphthongs 2 Students work with spellings oi and oy 29 Words ending in Y Students identify words ending with the long "e" sound of "y" 30 The /or/ Sound Students identify words having the /or/ sound 31 Initial Consonants 1 Students identify words that begin with the letters b, d, f, h, j, k and l; sound of the letters /b/, /d/, /f/, /h/, /j/, /k/ and /l/ 32 Initial Consonants 2 Students identify words that begin with the letters m, n, p, r, s, t and v; sound of the letters /m/, /n/, /p/, /r/, /s/, /t/ and /v/ Students identify words that begin with the letters c, g, q, w, y, and z; sound 33 Initial Consonants 3 of the letters /c/, /g/, /q/, /w/, /y/ and /z/; the hard and soft sounds of "c" and "g" 34 Final Consonants 1 Students identify words that end with b, d, f, g, k. and l; sounds of ending /b/, /d/, /f/, /g/, /k/. and /l/ 35 Final Consonants 2 Students identify words that end with m, n, p, s, t, and x sounds of ending /m/, /n/, /p/, /s/, /t/ and /x/ 36 Consonant Blends 1 Definition of blend; students identify examples of blends: cl, cr, bl, br, dr, fl, fr, gl, gr 37 Consonant Blends 2 Definition of blend; students identify examples of blends: pl, pr, sp, spl, spr, st, str 38 Consonant Blends 3 Definition of blend; students identify examples of blends: sc, scr, sk, sl, sm, sn, sw, tr 39 Final Consonant Blends 1 Students identify final consonant blends lb, ld, lf, lk, lp, lt, lm 40 Final Consonant Blends 2 Students identify final consonant blends ct, ft, mp, nd, nt, pt, tch 41 Digraphs 1 Definition of digraph; example of digraph; students complete words using digraphs ch, sh, wh, and th 42 Digraphs 2 Location of digraphs in words; students complete words with correct digraphs gh, ph, ck, ng, nk 43 Silent Consonants Identify the silent consonants kn, wr, gn, mb, and igh 23

30 Building Vocabulary V Grade Level 5 1 Dictionary How to use a dictionary, parts of the dictionary, and dictionary entry 2 Thesaurus How to use a thesaurus as a resource to find similar word meanings Essay: Activity 3 Syllables/ The identification and use of closed, open, and accented syllables, using a Pronunciation pronunciation key Essay: Activity 4 Multiple Meaning Words Identify the multiple meanings of words 5 Parts of Speech Review Review of the eight parts of speech Essay: Activity 6 Analogies Definition of analogy; strategies for solving types of relationships; students practice completing analogies 7 Synonyms Improving vocabulary through synonyms 8 Antonyms Improving vocabulary through antonyms 9 Homonyms/ Homographs Recognizing homonyms and homographs Essay: Activity 10 Words in Context 1 Using denotation and connotation to determine the context word meaning Essay: Narrative Writing 11 Words in Context 2 Using denotation and connotation to determine the context word meaning 12 Prefixes 1 Using prefixes to determine word meaning Essay: Activity 13 Prefixes 2 Using prefixes to determine word meaning 14 Suffixes 1 Using suffixes to determine word meaning Essay: Activity 15 Suffixes 2 Using suffixes to determine word meaning Essay: Activity 16 Latin and Greek Roots Expanding vocabulary through the study of common Latin and Greek roots 17 Word Recognition Strategies for critical recognition of small words in larger words, using context, prefixes, suffixes, and roots 18 What s in a Word? Words borrowed from names and places Essay: Activity 19 Promoting vocabulary growth through the identification of core vocabulary Core Word words in social science, including geography, history, economics, anthropology, Vocabulary 1 sociology, and civics Essay: Activity 20 Core Word Promoting vocabulary growth through the identification of core vocabulary Vocabulary 2 words in math, art, music, and language arts 21 Core Word Promoting vocabulary growth through the identification of core vocabulary Vocabulary 3 words in science and computers Essay: Letter Writing 22 Testing Strategies Test taking strategies 23 Short Vowel Sounds Students identify short /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ sounds in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating the short vowel sound 24

31 Building Vocabulary V Grade Level 5 Students identify long /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ sounds in examples: 24 Long Vowels Sounds vowel/consonant/vowel and consonant-vowel-vowel-consonant concepts in creating the long vowel sound 25 The /oo/ Sound Students identify long and short sounds of /oo/ in examples 26 The /ur/ Sound Students identify words that have the /ur/ sound spelled er, ir, or, and ur sounds 27 Diphthongs 1 Students work with spellings ow and ou 28 Diphthongs 2 Students work with spellings oi and oy 29 Words ending in Y Students identify words ending with the long e sound of y 30 The /or/ Sound Students identify words having the /or/ sound 31 Initial Consonants 1 Students identify words that begin with the letters b, d, f, h, j, k, and l; sound of the letters /b/, /d/, /f/, /h/, /j/, /k/, and /l/ 32 Initial Consonants 2 Students identify words that begin with the letters m, n, p, r, s, t,and v; sound of the letters /m/, /n/, /p/, /r/, /s/, /t/, and /v/ Students identify words that begin with the letters c, g, q, w, y, and z; sound 33 Initial Consonants 3 of the letters /c/, /g/, /q/, /w/, /y/, and /z/; the hard and soft sounds of 'c' and 'g' 34 Final Consonants 1 Students identify words that end with b, d, f, g, k, and l; sounds of ending /b/, /d/, /f/, /g/, /k/, and /l/ 35 Final Consonants 2 Students identify words that end with m, n, p, s, t, and x sounds of ending /m/, /n/, /p/, /s/, /t/, and /x/ 36 Consonant Blends 1 Definition of blend; students identify examples of blends: cl, cr, bl, br, dr, fl, fr, gl, gr 37 Consonant Blends 2 Definition of blend; students identify examples of blends: pl, pr, sp, spl, spr, scr, st, str 38 Consonant Blends 3 Definition of blend; students identify examples of blends: sci, scr, sk, sl, sm, sn, sw, tr 39 Final Consonant Blends 1 Students identify final consonant blends: lb, ld, lf, lk, lp, lt, lm 40 Final Consonant Blends 2 Students identify final consonant blends: ct, ft, mp, nd, nt, pt, tch 41 Digraphs 1 Definition of digraph; example of digraph; students complete words using digraphs ch, sh, wh, and th 42 Digraphs 2 Location of digraphs in words; students complete words with correct digraphs gh, ph, ck, ng, nk 43 Silent Consonants Identify the silent consonants kn, wr, gn, mb, and igh 25

32 Building Vocabulary VI Grade Level 6 1 Dictionary How to use a dictionary, parts of the dictionary, and dictionary entry 2 Thesaurus How to use a thesaurus as a resource to find similar word meanings 3 Syllabication The identification and use of closed, open, and accented syllables, using a pronunciation key 4 Multiple Meaning Words 1 Identify the multiple meanings of words 5 Multiple Meaning Words 2 Identify the multiple meanings of words 6 Parts of Speech Review Review of the eight parts of speech 7 Analogies Definition of analogy, strategies for solving types of relationships, students practice completing analogies 8 Synonyms Improving vocabulary through synonyms 9 Antonyms Improving vocabulary through antonyms 10 Homographs Recognizing homographs 11 Words in Context 1 Using denotation and connotation to determine the context word meaning 12 Words in Context 2 Using denotation and connotation to determine the context word meaning 13 Prefixes 1 Using prefixes to determine word meaning 14 Prefixes 2 Using prefixes to determine word meaning Essay: Narrative Writing 15 Suffixes 1 Using suffixes to determine word meaning 16 Suffixes 2 Using suffixes to determine word meaning 17 Latin & Greek Roots 1 Expanding vocabulary through the study of common Latin and Greek roots 18 Latin & Greek Roots 2 Expanding vocabulary through the study of common Latin and Greek roots 19 Word Recognition Strategies for critical recognition of small words in larger words, using context, prefixes, suffixes, and roots 20 What s in a Word? Words borrowed from names and places 21 Foreign Terms Foreign terms that enrich and extend vocabularies 22 Foreign Phrases Foreign phrases that enrich and extend vocabularies 23 Promoting vocabulary growth through the identification of core vocabulary Core Word words in social science, including geography, history, economics, anthropology, Vocabulary 1 sociology, and civics 24 Core Word Vocabulary 2 Promoting vocabulary growth through the identification of core vocabulary words in art, music, and language arts 26

33 Building Vocabulary VI Grade Level 6 25 Core Word Promoting vocabulary growth through the identification of core vocabulary Vocabulary 3 words in math, science, and computers 26 Testing Vocabulary Test taking strategies, multiple choice; true/false; reading comprehension; vocabulary Essay: Narrative Writing 27 Short Vowel Sounds Students identify short /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ sounds in examples: consonant/vowel/consonant concept in creating the short vowel sound Students identify long /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ sounds in examples: 28 Long Vowel Sounds vowel/consonant/vowel and consonant-vowel-vowel-consonant concepts in creating the long vowel sound 29 The /oo/ Sound Students identify long and short sounds of /oo/ in examples 30 The /ur/ Sound Students identify words that have the /ur/ sound spelled er, ir, or and ur sounds 31 Diphthong 1 Students work with spellings ow and ou 32 Diphthong 2 Students work with spellings oi and oy 33 Words ending in Y Students identify words ending with the long e sound of y 34 The /or/ Sound Students identify words having the /or/ sound Essay: Narrative Writing 35 Initial Consonants 1 Students identify words that begin with the letters b, d, f, h, j, k and l; sound of the letters /b/, /d/, /f/, /h/, /j/, /k/ and /l/ 36 Initial Consonants 2 Students identify words that begin with the letters m, n, p, r, s, t and v; sound of the letters /m/, /n/, /p/, /r/, /s/, /t/ and /v/ 37 Initial Consonants 3 Students identify words that begin with the letters c, g, q, w, y, and z; sound of the letters /c/, /g/, /q/, /w/, /y/ and /z/; the hard and soft sounds of c and g 38 Final Consonants 1 Students identify words that begin with the letters c, g, q, w, y, and z; sound of the letters /c/, /g/, /q/, /w/, /y/ and /z/; the hard and soft sounds of c and g 39 Final Consonants 2 Students identify words that end with m, n, p, s, t, and x sounds of ending /m/, /n/, /p/, /s/, /t/ and /x/ 40 Consonants Blends 1 Definition of blend; students identify examples of blends; cl, cr, bl, br, dr, fl, fr, gl, gr 41 Consonants Blends 2 Definition of blend; students identify examples of blends; pl, pr, sp, spl, spr, st, str 42 Consonants Blends 3 Definition of blend; students identify examples of blends; sci, scr, sk, sl, sm, sn, sw, tr 43 Final Consonant Blends 1 Students identify final consonant blends lb, ld, lf, lk, lp, lt, lm 27

34 Building Vocabulary VI Grade Level 6 44 Final Consonant Blends 2 Students identify final consonant blends ct, ft, mp, nd, nt, pt, tch 45 Digraphs 1 Definition of digraph; example of digraph; students complete words using digraphs ch, sh, wh, and th 46 Digraphs 2 Location of digraphs in words; students complete words with correct digraphs gh, ph, ck, ng, nk 47 Silent Consonants Identify the silent consonants kn, wr, gn, mb, and igh 28

35 Building Vocabulary VII Grade Level 7 1 Dictionary How to use a dictionary; parts of the dictionary; dictionary entry Essay: Research 2 Thesaurus How to use a thesaurus as a resource to find similar word meanings Essay: Research 3 Syllables/ The identification and use of closed, open, and accented syllables; using a Pronunciation pronunciation key 4 Multiple Meaning Words 1 Identify the multiple meanings of words 5 Multiple Meaning Words 2 Identify the multiple meanings of words 6 Parts of Speech Review Review of the eight parts of speech 7 Analogies Definition of analogy; strategies for solving types of relationships; students practice completing analogies 8 Synonyms Improving vocabulary through synonyms Essay: Narrative Writing 9 Antonyms Improving vocabulary through antonyms 10 Homonyms Recognizing homonyms 11 Words in Context 1 Using denotation and connotation to determine the context word meaning 12 Words in Context 2 Using denotation and connotation to determine the context word meaning 13 Prefixes 1 Using prefixes to determine word meaning 14 Prefixes 2 Using prefixes to determine word meaning 15 Suffixes 1 Using suffixes to determine word meaning 16 Suffixes 2 Using suffixes to determine word meaning 17 Latin and Greek Roots 1 Expanding vocabulary through the study of common Latin and Greek roots 18 Latin and Greek Roots 2 Expanding vocabulary through the study of common Latin and Greek roots 19 Latin and Greek Roots 3 Expanding vocabulary through the study of common Latin and Greek roots 20 Latin and Greek Roots 4 Expanding vocabulary through the study of common Latin and Greek roots Essay: Research 21 Word Recognition Strategies for critical recognition of small words in larger words, using context, prefixes, suffixes, and roots 22 What s in a Word? Words borrowed from names and places 23 Foreign Terms 1 Foreign terms that enrich and extend vocabularies 24 Foreign Terms 2 Foreign terms that enrich and extend vocabularies 25 Foreign Phrases 1 Foreign phrases that enrich and extend vocabularies Essay: Letter Writing 29

36 Building Vocabulary VII Grade Level 7 26 Foreign Phrases 2 Foreign phrases that enrich and extend vocabularies 27 Promoting vocabulary growth through the identification of core vocabulary Core Word words in social science, including geography, history, economics, anthropology, Vocabulary 1 sociology, and civics 28 Core Word Promoting vocabulary growth through the identification of core vocabulary Vocabulary 2 words in art, music, and language arts 29 Core Word Promoting vocabulary growth through the identification of core vocabulary Vocabulary 3 words in math, science, and computers 30 Test Strategies Test taking strategies, multiple choice; true/false; reading comprehension vocabulary 31 Sounds for Y Sounds for ending y; students identify /y/ sound in words 32 Vowel Diphthong Review Diphthongs; students complete words using correct Diphthongs Essay: Activity 33 Vowel Clusters Use of vowel, consonant, vowel to create long /a/ or /e/ vowel sound; silent Review 1 letters; students identify long /a/ or long /e/ words Essay: Narrative Writing 34 Vowel Clusters Use of vowel, consonant, vowel to create long /i/, long /o/, or long /u/ vowel Review 2 sound; silent letters; students identify long /i/, or long /o/ or long /u/ words 35 Vowel Clusters Review 3 Review of sounds made by /oo/; students identify /oo/ sounds in words 36 Vowel Clusters Review of sounds made by /ow/, /au/, and /aw/; students identify /ow/, /au/, Review 4 and /aw sounds in words 37 R Controlled Vowels Review of /er/ and /or/ sounds: students complete words using correct /ar/, /er/, /ir/, /ur/, and /or/ spelling 38 Short Vowel Review Students identify short vowel words 39 Two Sounds for C Hard c and soft c explained; examples of words containing both sounds; students identify hard and soft c in words Essay: Activity 40 Two Sounds for G Hard g and soft g explained; examples of words containing both sounds; students identify hard and soft g in words Essay: Letter Writing 41 Two Sounds for S Examples of ending s having the /z/ sound; students identify words with different sounds of s 42 Consonants Students place consonants at the beginning or end of words 43 Initial Blends Review Definition and review of consonant blends using l, r, tw, and the s combination 44 Final Consonant Review of ending blends ld, lt., nd, nt, and nk; students complete words using Blends 1 the correct consonant blend 30

37 Building Vocabulary VII Grade Level 7 45 Final Consonant Blends 2 Review of ending blends ct, st, sk, rm, and rn 46 Initial 3-Letter Examples of words having scr, spr, spl, squ, sch, and thr; students complete Blends words with the correct blends Essay: Activity 47 Silent Letters Introduction of words that use silent letters (kn, wr, and gn); Students complete words with the correct sounds 48 The Sound of /ph/ Review of the /f/ sound made by ph; students complete words using the correct spelling Essay: Written Activity 31

38 Building Vocabulary VIII Grade Level 8 1 Dictionary Skills How to use a dictionary, parts of the dictionary, and dictionary entry 2 Thesaurus How to use a thesaurus as a resource to find similar word meanings Essay: Research 3 Etymology The history or origin of words, the origin of words as listed in a dictionary entry Essay: Research 4 Multiple Meaning Words 1 Identify the multiple meanings of words 5 Multiple Meaning Words 2 Identify the multiple meanings of words 6 Parts of Speech Review Review of the eight parts of speech 7 Analogies Definition of analogy, strategies for solving types of relationships, students practice completing analogies 8 Synonyms Improving vocabulary through synonyms 9 Antonyms Improving vocabulary through antonyms 10 Homonyms/ Homographs Recognizing homonyms and homographs 11 Words in Context 1 Using denotation and connotation to determine the context word meaning 12 Words in Context 2 Using denotation and connotation to determine the context word meaning 13 Prefixes 1 Using prefixes to determine word meaning Essay: Activity 14 Prefixes 2 Using prefixes to determine word meaning 15 Suffixes 1 Using suffixes to determine word meaning Essay: Activity 16 Suffixes 2 Using suffixes to determine word meaning Essay: Narrative Writing 17 Latin and Greek Roots 1 Expanding vocabulary through the study of common Latin and Greek roots Essay: Letter Writing 18 Latin and Greek Roots 2 Expanding vocabulary through the study of common Latin and Greek roots Essay: Narrative Writing 19 Latin and Greek Roots 3 Expanding vocabulary through the study of common Latin and Greek roots 20 Latin and Greek Roots 4 Expanding vocabulary through the study of common Latin and Greek roots 21 Word Recognition Strategies for critical recognition of small words in larger words, using context, prefixes, suffixes, and roots 22 What s in a Word? Words borrowed from names and places Essay: Research 23 Foreign Terms 1 Foreign terms that enrich and extend vocabularies Essay: Narrative Writing 24 Foreign Terms 2 Foreign terms that enrich and extend vocabularies 25 Foreign Phrases 1 Foreign phrases that enrich and extend vocabularies 32

39 Building Vocabulary VIII Grade Level 8 26 Foreign Phrases 2 Foreign phrases that enrich and extend vocabularies 27 Promoting vocabulary growth through the identification of core vocabulary Core Word words in social science, including geography, history, economics, anthropology, Vocabulary 1 sociology, and civics Essay: Letter Writing 28 Core Word Promoting vocabulary growth through the identification of core vocabulary Vocabulary 2 words in art, music, and language arts 29 Core Word Promoting vocabulary growth through the identification of core vocabulary Vocabulary 3 words in math, science, and computers 30 Testing Vocabulary Test taking strategies Essay: Research 31 Vowel Diphthong Diphthongs, digraphs; students complete words using correct vowel Review combinations 32 Vowel Clusters Use of vowel, consonant, vowel to create long /a/, /e/, /i/, and /u/ vowel Review 1 sound; silent letters; students identify long /a/, /e/, /i/, and /u/ words Essay: Activity 33 Vowel Clusters Review 2 Review of sounds made by /oo/; students identify /oo/ sounds in words 34 Vowel Clusters Review of sounds made by /au/ and /aw/; students identify /au/ and /aw Review 3 sounds in words 35 R Controlled Vowels Review of /er/ and /or/ sounds: students complete words using correct /ar/, /er/, /ir/, /ur/, and /or/ spelling 36 Short Vowel Review Students identify short vowel words 37 Two Sounds for C Hard c and soft c explained; examples of words containing both sounds; students identify hard and soft c in words Essay: Activity 38 Two Sounds for G Hard g and soft g explained; examples of words containing both sounds; students identify hard and soft g in words 39 Two Sounds for S Examples of ending s having the /z/ sound; students identify words with different sounds of s Essay: Narrative Writing 40 Initial/Final Consonants Students place consonants at the beginning or end of words Essay: Activity 41 Initial Blends Definition and review of consonant blends using l, r, tw, and the s combination Essay: Narrative Writing 42 Final Consonant Review of ending blends ld, lt, nd, nt and nk; students complete words using Blends 1 the correct consonant blend 43 Final Consonant Blends 2 Review of ending blends ct, st, sk, rm, and rn Essay: Narrative Writing 44 Initial/Final Digraphs Review of digraphs; students complete words using sh, ch, wh, and th 33

40 Building Vocabulary VIII Grade Level 8 45 Initial 3-Letter Examples of words having scr, spr, spl, squ, sch, and thr; students complete Blends words with the correct blends 46 Silent Letters 1 Introduction of words that use silent letters kn, wr, and gn; Students complete words with the correct sounds 47 Silent Letters 2 Introduction of words that use silent letters gh, lk, rh, sc, and tl; Students complete words with the correct sounds 48 The sound of Ph Review of the /f/ sound made by ph; students complete words using the correct spelling 34

41 Language Usage I VIII Grade Levels 1 8 GlobalCourseware Language Usage I VIII introduces students to a variety of topics including: extensive tutorial and instructional narration in grade levels 1-3 identification and correct use of nouns, verbs, modifiers, and the other parts of speech sentence construction identifying sentence parts including simple and complex subjects and predicates, verbs, and phrases sentence diagramming identification of grammar pitfalls including subject/verb disagreement, tense shifts, double negatives, fragments and run-on sentences parallelism misused words sentence mechanics capitalization guidelines writing dialogue punctuation for periods, commas, colons, and other marks punctuation for outlines business and friendly letters poetry direct and indirect quotations 35

42 Language Usage Grade Levels I VIII The GlobalCourseware Language Usage courses are comprehensive, integrated grammar courses for grade levels 1-8. This program directs students beginning with early grades in the proper use of the spoken and written English language. Language Usage I, II, and III have tutorial and instructional voice support. A sequence of eight titles provides an extensive e-learning solution ideal for schools that want to use technology to improve their instructional process. Each Language Usage title offers tutoring in the use the English language through lessons that focus on each part of speech. Language Usage is presented as a collection of year-long courses. All lessons contain a study guide, a practice and mastery test, and an essay or constructed response. Lessons include a variety of essay types such as descriptive, persuasive, expository, and letter writing. These courses are certified by MetaMetrics with a Lexile score. The GlobalCourseware program consists of an Internet-based instructional management system with student assessment tools built in, and educators can test students on national, state, district, or local objectives because any set of standards can be added to the system. 36

43 Language Usage Grade Levels I VIII The content in these courses is designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) for the Standards of English Language Arts. Students learn to identify and correctly use nouns, verbs, modifiers, and the other parts of speech. Students learn the importance of sentence construction and identifying sentence parts including simple and complex subjects and predicates, verbs, and phrases. Sentence mechanics are addressed in each title. Students learn simple capitalization rules and guidelines for capitalization, underlining, and writing dialogue. Punctuation lessons offer guidelines for using periods, commas, colons, and other marks, and punctuation for outlines, business and friendly letters, poetry, and direct and indirect quotations. An Internet connection is not required for completion of this course but may be useful for students who wish to pursue further learning opportunities in Language Usage. 37

44 Language Usage Grade Levels I VIII The Language Usage courses develop skills in practical situations by utilizing a Four-Step Approach: Study Guide, Practice Test, Mastery Test, and Essay modules are used to define the instructional environment. The Study Guide module provides a text- and graphics-based delivery of material that is reinforced by pictures and diagrams supported by a wealth of content. Study Guides teach the concepts and skills associated with each lesson. A number of the Study Guide pages have specific, interactive feedback that will assist the student in solving problems or understanding concepts. The Practice Test module allows the student to practice skills learned in the Study Guide section. The student has instant access to the study material for reference. In the Mastery Test module, the student takes a scored examination, electronically submits the test, and the results are recorded in the GlobalCourseware Management System. The Essay module allows the student to compose individual, free-form answers to a wide variety of questions and problems. 38

45 Language Usage I Grade Level 1 1 Nouns 1 Definition and use of nouns; students locate nouns in sentences 2 Nouns 2 Students learn how to identify singular nouns in sentences 3 Nouns 3 Review of singular nouns; introduction of plural nouns; adding -s and -es to form plurals in nouns 4 Nouns 4 Definition and examples of common and proper nouns; students find proper nouns in sentences 5 Verbs 1 Introduction of verbs; definition of verbs; the job of the verb to tell what the subject does; students find verbs in sentences 6 Verbs 2 Definition of contractions; the formation of contractions; the use of not in contractions 7 Verbs 3 Review of verbs; introduction of tenses; examples of present and past tense verbs 8 Verbs 4 Singular and plural verbs; the importance of subject and verb agreement 9 Verbs 5 Review of verbs; how to find a verb in a sentence; identifying present and past tense verbs 10 Conjunctions Definition and examples of conjunctions; how conjunctions join sentence parts and words 11 Adjectives 1 Introduction to adjectives as words that describe; students practice finding adjectives in sentences 12 Adjectives 2 Review of adjectives; introduction to comparison in adjectives; adding -er and -est to form comparative forms of adjectives 13 Grammar 1 Review of nouns and verbs; students identify nouns and verbs in sentences with the use of picture prompts 14 Grammar 2 Review of singular and plural nouns; singular and plural verbs; subject/verb agreement 15 Grammar Identifying double negatives; review of contractions and the use of not in Improvements 1 contractions; identifying double negatives in sentences 16 Grammar Improvements 2 Review of sentence definition; students find the complete subject in sentences 17 Word Application Recognize that words represent ideas, experiences, objects, events, and actions; naming and describing action words; how we use words to communicate 18 Capitalization 1 Identify upper and lower case letters; using capital letters with the first word in a sentence; capitalizing the pronoun I 39

46 Language Usage I Grade Level 1 19 Capitalization 2 Capitalize proper nouns; names of people, places, months, and days of the week 20 Punctuation Punctuation at the end of declarative, imperative, interrogative and exclamatory sentences (.?!) 21 Sentences 1 Introduction of sentence definition; how we use sentences to communicate; write stories; review of complete sentences 22 Sentences 2 Review of nouns and verbs; the use of nouns and verbs in a sentence; the importance of word order in sentences 23 Sentences 3 Review of complete sentences; use of capital letters and punctuation marks; the importance of complete thoughts in sentences 24 Sentences 4 Finding complete sentences; students identify and correct incomplete sentences 25 Sentences 5 Introduction to sentences that tell; the correct use of punctuation end marks in telling sentences 26 Sentences 6 Introduction to sentences that command; the correct use of punctuation end marks in command sentences 27 Sentences 7 Introduction to sentences that show feeling; the correct use of punctuation end marks in sentences that show feeling 28 Sentences 8 Introduction to sentences that ask; the correct use of punctuation end marks in asking sentences 29 Abbreviations Definition and examples of abbreviations; the use of abbreviations; abbreviating months, titles, days of the week; using capital letters with abbreviations 30 Alphabetical Order How to alphabetize words; using the dictionary to determine alphabetical order; examples of alphabetical order; students place words in alphabetical order Essay: Activity 31 Noun and Verb Review of nouns and verbs including common and proper nouns; finding the Review verbs in a sentence Essay: Activity 32 Punctuation Review Review of when to use capital letters and punctuation marks 33 Contractions Review Review of rules for forming contractions; the use of the apostrophe in contractions Essay: Activity 40

47 Language Usage II Grade Level 2 1 Nouns 1 Definition of nouns as people, places, animals, and things; finding nouns in sentences; counting nouns in sentences 2 Nouns 2 Definition of singular and plural nouns; students identify and use singular and plural nouns in sentences 3 Nouns 3 Definition of common and proper nouns; differences between common nouns and proper nouns; students identify common and proper nouns 4 Nouns 4 Students learn to identify and use nouns as sentence subjects; nouns in sentences 5 Nouns 5 Definition and examples of compound words; students identify compound words in sentences Essay: Illustration 6 Verbs 1 Definition and use of verbs; students recognize verbs in sentences 7 Verbs 2 Definition and examples of verbs in present and past tense; understanding the difference between action that is happening and action that has already happened 8 Verbs 3 Identification of contractions; using contractions in sentences; finding the words that can form contractions 9 Verbs 4 Definition of singular and plural; subject/verb agreement in sentences; singular and plural verb forms 10 Verbs 5 Introduction to regular and irregular verbs; examples of how regular and irregular verbs form their past tenses; adding -ed to form tense; words that have a different word for past tense 11 Verbs 6 Identification and examples of helping verbs; using helping verbs with present and past tense verbs 12 Verbs 7 Identification and examples of linking verbs; how linking verbs link nouns to describing words 13 Verbs 8 Identifying main verbs and helping verbs in sentences; the job of the main verb and the helping verb in a sentence 14 Verbs 9 Definition of verb tense; students learn to add -ed and -ing to words; changing the spelling of a word before adding -ed and ing 15 Verbs 10 Students identify and use verbs that show action 16 Verbs 11 Students learn how to add endings to words that end in y; changing the spelling of words ending in y 17 Special Verbs 1 Introduction to the irregular verb be; forms of be including is, are, was, were 41

48 Language Usage II Grade Level 2 18 Special Verbs 2 Students use forms of do, including did, does, and done, correctly in sentences; students learn which forms of do are used with singular and plural words 19 Special Verbs 3 Students identify and use forms of have including: has, had, and have; students learn how to use forms of have with singular and plural nouns and in past and present tense 20 Conjunctions Identification and examples of conjunctions; students correctly use conjunctions in sentences 21 Pronouns 1 Pronoun definition and examples; correctly identify and use pronouns in a sentence; pronouns for first, second, and third person 22 Pronouns 2 Definition and examples of nominative or naming case pronouns; using pronouns as the subject of sentences 23 Pronouns 3 Definition of object pronouns; students determine if pronoun is naming or object; students correctly use object pronouns in sentences 24 Pronouns 4 Definition of possession; examples of pronouns that show possession; possessive case pronouns 25 Pronouns 5 Identification and use of personal singular and plural pronouns 26 Pronouns 6 The importance of naming self last in writing, speaking, and in a series of words; identifying self in first and third person 27 Grammar 1 Singular and plural nouns; nouns that change from singular to plural by adding -s; nouns that use a different word to indicate plurality; nouns that have the same form in both singular and plural 28 Grammar 2 Rules for spelling when forming plurals; importance of subject/verb agreement 29 Grammar 3 Rules for forming possessive nouns; adding s to show possession; rules for showing possession with words that end with -ed, -s, and the /z/ sound 30 Word Application Recognize that words represent ideas, experiences, objects, events, and actions; naming and describing action words; identify incomplete and complete sentences 31 Adjectives Definition of an adjective; describing words; students recognize and use adjectives in a sentence 32 Adverbs Definition of an adverb; recognize and use adverbs in a sentence Essay: Activity 33 Grammar Definition and examples of articles; correctly using a and an; using articles as Improvements 1 specific or general indicators 34 Grammar Definition of a negative; examples of negative words; identifying double Improvements 2 negatives 42

49 Language Usage II Grade Level 2 35 Grammar Improvements 3 Definition of a predicate; students identify subjects and predicates 36 Capitalization 1 Capitalizing first words in sentences 37 Capitalization 2 Recognizing proper nouns, capitalizing titles and initials, greetings and closings of letters, and abbreviations 38 Capitalization 3 Family titles and greeting; closing of a letter 39 Punctuation 1 Punctuation at the end of declarative, imperative and asking sentences 40 Punctuation 2 Directions for addressing envelopes for friendly letters; the mailing address and the return address 41 Punctuation 3 Using a comma after introductory words 42 Punctuation 4 Using a colon to write the time of day 43 Sentences 1 Word order and definition of a sentence; introduction to sequence 44 Sentences 2 Simple and compound sentences; complete and fragment sentences 43

50 Language Usage III Grade Level 3 1 Nouns 1 Definition and use of nouns; students locate nouns in sentences 2 Nouns 2 Singular nouns 3 Nouns 3 Plural nouns 4 Nouns 4 Common and proper nouns 5 Verbs 1 Definition and use of verbs; identify verbs and verb usage in sentences; regular verbs; action verbs; colorful and tricky verbs 6 Verbs 2 The tenses; present tense verbs 7 Verbs 3 Past tense verbs 8 Verbs 4 Verb phrases; helping and auxiliary verbs; auxiliary verbs 9 Verbs 5 Main verbs and helping verbs; verb phrases 10 Verbs 6 Linking verbs; forms of be 11 Verbs 7 Irregular verbs; forms of do; forms of have 12 Verbs 8 Transitive verbs; direct objects 13 Verbs 9 Intransitive verbs; predicate adjectives 14 Verbs 10 Review of transitive and intransitive verbs 15 Verbs 11 Contractions; how contractions are formed; the apostrophe that replaces letters omitted 16 Verbs 12 Negatives and double negatives; adverbs and adjectives 17 Conjunctions Correctly use conjunctions in sentences 18 Pronouns 1 Definitions of pronouns; correctly identify a pronoun in a sentence; pronoun case forms; pronoun usage; correctly substitute nouns for pronouns; singular and plural pronouns 19 Pronouns 2 Nominative case pronouns; subjective pronouns 20 Pronouns 3 Objective case pronouns 21 Pronouns 4 Possessive case pronouns; personal pronouns 22 Pronouns 5 The tradition of naming self last 23 Capitalization 1 Capitalizing common and proper nouns: first word in sentence 24 Capitalization 2 Capitalizing titles of books, newspapers, reports, songs, letters, and television shows 25 Punctuation 1 At the end of declarative sentences; at the end of imperative sentences 26 Punctuation 2 Using question marks and exclamation marks 27 Punctuation 3 Introductory words, phrases, or clauses; the use of punctuation with appositives; the use of a comma after introductory words 28 Punctuation 4 Punctuation of items in a series 44

51 Language Usage III Grade Level 3 29 Punctuation 5 The use of an apostrophe to show possession; identify need to punctuate with apostrophes and in contractions 30 Sentences 1 Sentence definition; complete sentences; sentence fragments 31 Sentences 2 Word order of sentences 32 Sentences 3 Definition and examples of run-on sentences 33 Sentences 4 Simple and compound sentences; the use of a comma in a compound sentence 34 Sentences 5 Declarative sentences; interrogative sentences 35 Sentences 6 Imperative sentences; exclamatory sentences 36 Sentences 7 Subjects and predicates 37 Adjectives 1 Adjectives; tricky words such as: may/can, should/would, and good/well 38 Adjectives 2 How adjectives make sentences more colorful; students identify adjectives 39 Adjectives 3 Adjectives as articles 40 Adverbs Definition and examples of adverbs 45

52 Language Usage IV Grade Level 4 1 Nouns 1 Definition and use of nouns 2 Nouns 2 Identification of singular and plural nouns; spelling changes in forming plurals 3 Nouns 3 Identification of common and proper nouns 4 Pronouns 1 Definitions of pronouns; correctly identify a pronoun in a sentence; subject and object pronouns Essay: Narrative Writing 5 Pronouns 2 Nominative case pronouns 6 Pronouns 3 Pronouns in compound subjects and objects; personal pronouns; subject pronouns Essay: Narrative Writing 7 Pronouns 4 Possessive nouns and pronouns 8 Verbs 1 Definition and use of action verbs; identify verbs and verb usage in sentences 9 Verbs 2 Verbs, present tense verbs, and past tense verbs; past participles; regular and irregular verbs 10 Verbs 3 Linking verbs 11 Verbs 4 Main and helping verbs 12 Verbs 5 Transitive and intransitive verbs Essay: Narrative Writing 13 Verbs 6 Tricky verbs 14 Verbs 7 Forms of be, do, and have 15 Contractions Definition, formation, and use of contractions Essay: Letter Writing 16 Conjunctions Definition and use of conjunctions Essay: Letter Writing 17 Adjectives 1 Adjective definition; proper adjectives; predicate adjectives; demonstrative adjectives 18 Articles Identification and correct use of articles; general and specific articles 19 Prepositional Phrases Prepositional phrases used as adjectives 20 Adjectives 2 Positive, comparative, and superlative degrees of comparison in adjectives 21 Adverbs 1 Adverb definition and use 22 Adverbs 2 Using prepositional phrases as adverbs 23 Adverbs 3 Comparative and superlative forms of adverbs Essay: Letter Writing 24 Prepositions Identify and correctly use prepositions; object of the preposition; prepositional phrases 25 Interjections Identify and correctly use words that express strong feelings 26 Sentences 1 Sentence definition; identifying subjects and predicates 27 Sentences 2 Complete sentences; run-on sentences; sentence fragments 28 Sentences 3 Simple and compound sentences; using a semi-colon in punctuating compound sentences 46

53 Language Usage IV Grade Level 4 29 Sentences 4 Declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences Essay: Narrative Writing 30 Sentences 5 Diagramming sentences 31 Subject/Verb Agreement Importance of subject/verb agreement 32 Parts of Speech Recognize and use the eight parts of speech in sentences Essay: Activity 33 Problem Words Recognize and correctly use words such as: accept, except; affect, effect; are, our; its, it s; your, you re; bad, badly; good, well; real, really; beside, besides; from, off; in, into 34 Capitalization 1 Punctuation and capitalization of abbreviations at the beginning of sentences 35 Capitalization 2 Punctuation and capitalization of family titles, initials, and personal pronouns 36 Capitalization 3 Capitalization in outlines 37 Capitalization 4 Punctuation and capitalization of titles; underlining; capitalization in quotations; capitalization in book, magazine, and television show titles 38 Punctuation 1 Using punctuation in direct quotes and dialogue 39 Punctuation 2 Punctuation at the end of imperative and declarative sentences 40 Punctuation 3 Punctuation in interrogative and exclamatory sentences 41 Punctuation 4 Punctuation and capitalization of dates, cities, states, greetings, and closing of letters Essay: Letter Writing 42 Punctuation 5 Use of colons in business letters; in writing time; how to write a list Essay: Letter Writing 43 Punctuation 6 The use of punctuation with appositives 44 Punctuation 7 The use of commas in bibliographies, in lists, and with introductory words; the use of the semi-colon with commas 45 Parallelism Making a series of items; words and phrases follow a pattern; using the same verb form to create parallelism 46 Modifiers Identify the correct placement of modifiers in sentences; identifying and avoiding misplaced modifiers 47 Grammar Improvements Avoiding unnecessary shifts in tense Essay: Narrative Writing 47

54 Language Usage V Grade Level 5 1 Nouns 1 Definition and use of nouns 2 Nouns 2 Singular and plural nouns 3 Nouns 3 Common and proper nouns; rules of capitalization of nouns 4 Nouns 4 Possessive nouns; rules of punctuation of nouns 5 Nouns 5 Review of plural and possessive forms of nouns 6 Verbs 1 Definition and use of verbs; present, past and future tense of verbs Essay: Narrative Writing 7 Verbs 2 Irregular verb forms of be, do and have 8 Verbs 3 Contractions; punctuation of contractions 9 Verbs 4 Main and helping verbs; usage of may and can, and would and could 10 Verbs 5 Action and linking verbs; helping verbs 11 Verbs 6 Transitive verbs; intransitive verbs Essay: Narrative Writing 12 Pronouns 1 Definitions of pronouns; correctly identify a pronoun in a sentence; subject and object pronouns; antecedents Essay: Narrative Writing 13 Pronouns 2 Subjective (nominative); objective and possessive case pronouns Essay: Interview 14 Pronouns 3 Correctly substitute nouns for pronouns Essay: Narrative Writing 15 Punctuation 1 Using end marks; capitalization and punctuation of declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences 16 Punctuation 2 Punctuating abbreviations, initials, titles, and capitalization Essay: Letter Writing 17 Punctuation 3 Punctuating dates, greetings and closing of letters, and addresses Essay: Letter Writing 18 Punctuation 4 The use of punctuation with appositives Essay: Narrative Writing 19 Punctuation 5 Punctuation of bibliographic references and outlines; capitalization rules 20 Punctuation 6 Use a colon to write the time of day and after the salutation in a business letter; the use of a colon before a list; commas in series and with introductory Essay: Letter Writing words 21 Punctuation 7 Punctuation of quotes and dialog; capitalization rules Essay: Narrative Writing 22 Adjectives 1 Adjective definition; proper adjectives 23 Adjectives 2 Using comparative and superlative forms; adjective intensifiers 24 Adverbs 1 Adverb definition and use; negative adverbs; adverb intensifiers Essay: Letter Writing 25 Adverbs 2 Comparative and superlative intensifiers; irregular adverbs 26 Prepositions 1 Definition of prepositions and prepositional phrases; objects of prepositions Essay: Narrative Writing 27 Prepositions 2 Modifiers; adjectives and adverbs Essay: Narrative Writing 28 Interjections Identify and correctly use words that express strong feelings 29 Direct Objects Correctly identify and use direct objects 30 Grammar Improvements 1 Avoiding unnecessary shifts in tense 48

55 Language Usage V Grade Level 5 31 Grammar Improvements 2 Identify incorrect usage of articles Essay: Journal Writing 32 Grammar Improvements 3 Identifying double negatives 33 Grammar Improvements 4 Identifying subjects and predicates 34 Sentences 1 Sentence definition; complete sentences; run-on sentences; sentence fragments; word order of sentences Essay: Narrative Writing 35 Sentences 2 Simple and compound sentences 36 Sentences 3 Declarative, imperative, exclamatory and interrogative sentences 37 Sentences 4 Diagramming simple and compound sentences 38 Sentences 5 Applying diagramming to sentences Essay: Diagram 39 Conjunctions Correctly use conjunctions in sentences 40 Subject/Verb Agreement Recognize and use correct subject/verb agreement 41 Parts of Speech Recognize and use the eight parts of speech in sentences Essay: Activity 42 Problem Words Recognize and correctly use words such as: accept, except; affect, effect; are, our; its, it s; your, you re; bad, badly; good, well; real, really; beside, besides; Essay: Activity from, off; in, into 43 Parallelism Making a series of items; words and phrases follow a pattern 44 Word Application Recognize that words represent ideas, experiences, objects, events, and actions; naming and describing action words Essay: Narrative Writing 45 Capitalization Review of capitalization rules 49

56 Language Usage VI Grade Level 6 1 Nouns 1 Definition and use of common, proper, concrete, abstract and compound nouns 2 Nouns 2 Singular, plural, and possessive nouns; how to avoid confusing possessives and plurals 3 Pronouns 1 Pronouns and antecedent definition and examples Essay: Activity 4 Pronouns 2 Subject and object pronouns Essay: Narrative Writing 5 Pronouns 3 Subject nouns and pronouns; object pronouns; compound subjects; compound direct objects Essay: Letter Writing 6 Pronouns 4 Review of pronouns and antecedents; singular and plural pronouns and antecedents 7 Verbs 1 Action, linking, and state-of-being verbs 8 Verbs 2 Main verbs; helping verbs; verb phrases; contractions Essay: Narrative Writing 9 Verbs 3 Transitive and intransitive verbs; determining the difference between intransitive and linking verbs Essay: Narrative Writing 10 Verbs 4 Principal parts; present, past, and future; present and past participles Essay: Narrative Writing 11 Verbs 5 Perfect tenses; regular verbs 12 Verbs 6 Irregular verbs; past and past participle forms of irregular verbs Essay: Activity 13 Verbs 7 Easily confused verbs including: may/can, sit/set; lie/lay, and rise/raise 14 Adjectives 1 Articles; demonstrative; predicate adjective 15 Adjectives 2 Proper adjective; suffix endings Essay: Research 16 Adjectives 3 Degrees of comparison Essay: Speech Writing 17 Adverbs 1 Adverb questions (how, when, where, to what extent); modifies verbs, adjectives, other adverbs 18 Adverbs 2 Degrees of comparison including positive and negative comparisons 19 Prepositions 1 Prepositions; objects; prepositional phrases Essay: Research 20 Prepositions 2 Adjectives and adverbs as prepositional phrases 21 Conjunctions Definition and use of conjunctions including conjunction pairs either/or, neither/nor, and not only/but also 22 Interjections Definition and use of interjections 23 Parts of Speech Review Review and use of all eight parts of speech Essay: Activity 24 Sentences 1 Sentences; fragments; run-on sentences Essay: Narrative Writing 25 Sentences 2 Sentence types: declarative, imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory Essay: Narrative Writing 26 Sentences 3 Identifying simple and complete subjects, and predicates Essay: Letter Writing 27 Sentences 4 Finding the subjects in imperative and exclamatory sentences; the understood subject 50

57 Language Usage VI Grade Level 6 28 Sentences 5 Subject and predicate complements; subject and predicate adjectives; direct objects Essay: Letter Writing 29 Sentence Review Review of all types of sentences; direct and indirect objects Essay: Illustration 30 Diagramming Sentence diagramming Essay: Diagram 31 Mechanics 1 Capitalization of titles and initials; nouns of direct address; geographical capitalization; capitalization in businesses and government 32 Mechanics 2 Rules for capitalization in titles and books; direct and indirect quotes; poetry 33 Mechanics 3 Business and friendly letter parts; capitalization and punctuation rules Essay: Letter Writing 34 Mechanics 4 Reports, outlines, and bibliographies; elements of research Essay: Research 35 Mechanics 5 Review of end mark punctuation; abbreviations of titles, streets, organizations, etc., including acronyms 36 Mechanics 6 Commas with introductory words and appositives 37 Mechanics 7 Commas with dates, with abbreviations, and in a series Essay: Letter Writing 38 Mechanics 8 Commas with conjunctions and transitions as well as clauses Essay: Narrative Writing 39 Mechanics 9 Use of quotation marks in writing dialogue 40 Mechanics 10 Guidelines for using colons in business letters and in writing time; using the apostrophe 41 Easily Confused Homophones; word combinations then/than, beside/besides, Words principle/principal, between/among, and good/well 42 Double Negatives Identifying double negatives; using not in contractions Essay: Letter Writing 43 Agreement Subject and verb agreement; compound subjects and verb agreement 44 Parallelism Making a series of items; words and phrases follow a pattern 51

58 Language Usage VII Grade Level 7 1 The Writing Process Identification of pre-writing or brainstorming, drafting, editing, proofreading, and publishing; common errors in writing 2 Parts of Speech Recognize and use the eight parts of speech in sentences 3 Nouns 1 Definition and use of nouns; nouns of direct address; using punctuation with appositives and identify the noun that is renamed; common and proper nouns; commonly used abstract nouns 4 Nouns 2 Singular and plural nouns; identify need to punctuate using apostrophes; the use of an apostrophe to show possession; identify and use words that show plural and possessive forms 5 Verbs 1 Definition and use of verbs; identify verb usage in sentences; regular, helping, linking, main, auxiliary, irregular, action, colorful and tricky verbs 6 Verbs 2 The verb tenses; verb conjugations; avoiding unnecessary shifts in tense 7 Verbs 3 Transitive and intransitive verbs; active and passive voice 8 Verbs 4 Progressive tense verbs 9 Verbs 5 Use of complements; completers; direct and indirect objects; predicate adjectives and predicate nominatives 10 Pronouns 1 Definitions of pronouns; correctly identify a pronoun in a sentence; direct and indirect objects; predicate nominative; first, second, and third person pronouns and their antecedents 11 Pronouns 2 Personal pronouns; correctly substitute nouns for pronouns; nominative and objective case pronouns; possessive pronouns and compound personal pronouns 12 Pronouns 3 Interrogative, demonstrative, relative, and indefinite pronouns Essay: Narrative Writing 13 Adjectives 1 Adjective definition and use, proper adjectives, and predicate adjectives; definite and indefinite articles 14 Adjectives 2 Forms of adjective comparison; adjective intensifiers; using comparative and superlative forms of adjectives 15 Adverbs 1 Adverb definition and use; double negatives 16 Adverbs 2 Negative words and adverbs; adverb intensifiers; comparative and superlative forms of adverbs; identify tricky adverbs 17 Prepositions Using prepositional phrases as adverbs; using prepositional phrases as adjectives; identify and correctly use prepositions; identify words modified by prepositions and identify objects of prepositions 18 Conjunctions Correctly use conjunctions in sentences 52

59 Language Usage VII Grade Level 7 19 Interjections Identify and correctly use words that express strong feelings; using punctuation with interjections 20 Sentences 1 Sentence definition, word order of sentences, identifying subjects and predicates; complete subjects and complete predicates; natural and inverted word order 21 Sentences 2 Complete sentences, sentence fragments, and run-on sentences; identify the declarative, imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory sentences 22 Sentences 3 Independent and dependent clauses; compound subjects and predicates; conjunctions; coordinating conjunctions 23 Sentences 4 Simple and compound sentence diagramming; parts of speech Essay: Diagram 24 Sentences 5 Complex sentences; compound complex sentences; subordinate and independent clauses; adverb and adjective clauses; compound-complex Essay: Activity sentences 25 Noun Clauses Adjective clauses; the use of a comma after introductory words, phrases, or clauses Essay: Narrative Writing 26 Subject/Verb Recognize and use correct subject/verb agreement; compound subject; Agreement indefinite pronoun 27 Verbals 1 Identify past and present participles; identify participial phrases; finding the noun that is modified; using commas with participle phrases 28 Verbals 2 Identify and determine the use of a gerund in a sentence (subject, direct object, indirect object, appositive, object of a preposition) 29 Verbals 3 Identify the adjective and adverb used as an infinitive; find the word modified, determine the use of the infinitive in a sentence 30 Punctuation 1 The use of a comma in bibliographic references; the use of punctuation in direct quotations; the use of abbreviations in measuring, initials, days of the week, months of the year, and the states 31 Punctuation 2 Punctuation for appositives, introductory clauses, and nouns of direct address 32 Punctuation 3 Punctuation for quotations; writing dialogue; split quotations; indirect quotes; titles of short works; quotations within quotations Essay: Narrative Writing 33 Punctuation 4 Capitalization of businesses, geographic features, and days of the week 34 Punctuation 5 Capitalization of first word in a sentence and proper nouns; pronouns and titles and initials; family titles, and greeting and closing of a letter; abbreviations 35 Punctuation 6 First word of direct quotations; how to capitalize direct quotes and titles; using colons and hyphens 53

60 Language Usage VII Grade Level 7 36 Punctuation 7 First word of main topic and subtopic in an outline; titles of books, poems, stories, reports, outlines, songs, magazine articles, and chapters Essay: Research 37 Word Usage Recognize that words represent ideas, experiences, objects, events, and actions; naming and describing action words; confusing and tricky words 38 Parallelism Making a series of items; words and phrases follow a pattern 54

61 Language Usage VIII Grade Level 8 1 Nouns 1 Definition and use of proper, common, abstract and concrete nouns 2 Nouns 2 Singular nouns; plural nouns 3 Nouns 3 Possessive nouns; plural and possessive nouns 4 Pronouns Definition and use of personal, indefinite, interrogative, reflexive, intensive and demonstrative pronouns Essay: Narrative Writing 5 Verbs 1 Definition and use of verbs; main and helping verbs; verb phrase; identify verb usage in sentences 6 Verbs 2 Action; linking verbs 7 Verbs 3 Present, past, future tenses; present, past, and future perfect tenses; regular and irregular verbs 8 Verbs 4 Special verbs review of be, do and have; correct usage of may and can, and would and could Essay: Interview 9 Verbs 5 Transitive verbs; intransitive verbs 10 Adjectives Definition and use of comparative and superlative intensifiers; definite and indefinite articles 11 Adverbs Definition and use of comparative and superlative intensifiers 12 Conjunction/ Definition and use of conjunctions; definition, use and punctuation of Interjection interjections and interrupters; coordinating and correlative conjunctions 13 Prepositions Definition and use of a prepositional phrase, adjective and adverb phrases Essay: Narrative Writing 14 Parts of Speech Review Recognize and use the eight parts of speech in sentences Essay: Activity 15 Sentences 1 Sentence definition; complete and simple subject; identify complete and simple predicate 16 Sentences 2 Identify complete, run-on, and fragment sentences 17 Sentences 3 Declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences Essay: Journal Writing 18 Sentences 4 Recognize and use correct subject/verb agreement; compound subject; indefinite pronoun; collective nouns Essay: Narrative Writing 19 Sentence Types Identifying simple and compound sentences Essay: Letter Writing 20 Complements 1 Direct and indirect objects 21 Complements 2 Predicate nominatives and predicate adjectives 22 Appositives Identifying and punctuating appositives and nouns of direct address 23 Pronoun Case Using subjective, objective, and possessive case pronouns 24 Verbals 1 Identify and determine the use of a gerund in a sentence; subject, direct object, indirect object, appositive, and object of a preposition 25 Verbals 2 Identify past and present participles; identify participial phrases 55

62 Language Usage VIII Grade Level 8 26 Verbals 3 Identify the adjective and adverb used as an infinitive 27 Verbals Review Review of gerunds, participles, and infinitives Essay: Activity 28 Clauses 1 Identification and punctuation of adjective clauses; independent and dependent clauses; restrictive and non-restrictive clauses 29 Clauses 2 Identification and punctuation of adverb clauses; independent and dependent clauses; restrictive and non-restrictive clauses 30 Clauses 3 Identification and punctuation of noun clauses; independent and dependent clauses; restrictive and non-restrictive clauses Essay: Activity 31 Clauses Review Review of adjective, adverb, and noun clauses 32 Diagramming 1 Diagramming simple and compound sentences Essay: Diagram 33 Diagramming 2 Diagramming compound and compound-complex sentences Essay: Diagram 34 Capitalization First word in a sentence; proper nouns and pronouns; personal titles Essay: Narrative Writing 35 Punctuation 1 Use of the parentheses; dash and hyphen Essay: Research 36 Punctuation 2 Commas in dates, series, introductory words, and compound sentences Essay: Narrative Writing 37 Punctuation 3 End marks of sentences; abbreviations and initials 38 Punctuation 4 Use of a colon; using a semi-colon with conjunctive adverbs to separate compound sentences 39 Quotations Punctuation and capitalization in direct quotations 40 Letter Writing Letter format; capitalization and punctuation in the greeting and closing of a letter Essay: Letter Writing 41 Outlining Capitalization and punctuation in outline and bibliographic reference Essay: Research 42 Parallelism Making a series of items; words and phrases follow a pattern Essay: Narrative Writing 43 Writing Recognizing tense and point of view shift 44 Problem Words Recognize and correctly use words such as: accept, except; affect, effect; are, our; its, it s; your, you re; bad, badly; good, well; real, really; beside, besides; from, off; in, into; between, among; bring, take; fewer, less; like, as; who, whom; imply, infer; and exact, exactly 45 Word Application Recognize that words represent ideas, experiences, objects, events, and actions; naming and describing action words; writing style, choice of words, slang, colloquialisms, and informal language Essay: Letter Writing 56

63 Learning Letter Sounds Grade Level Kindergarten GlobalCourseware Learning Letter Sounds introduces students to the following: letters in order of their frequency of use as well as in alphabetic order the letters o,s,t,a,r,e, that appear in 50% of words in the English language the letters n,i,l,u,c,p, that complete learning of 80% of the letters in the English language vowel combination with consonants letter pairs for ease of learning matching letters identifying letters recalling letters from memory letters in the context of words in which the name of the letter is actually heard, e.g., /a/ in able, /n/ in end letter learning in initial, medial, and final positions learning the sound-symbol relationships of letters logical and systematic transition from speech to print initial consonants digraphs blends common phonograms use of comparison and contrast, transfer, analogy, and onset-rime sound within the context of whole words 57

64 Learning Letter Sounds Grade Level K GlobalCourseware Learning Letter Sounds (LLS) is designed expressly for kindergartners or individuals who have no reading skills. LLS is designed to teach learners the names and sounds of the letters of the alphabet and do more to prepare them for reading instruction at a higher level. The instructional system is made up of a series of lesson clusters, consisting of three instructional lessons and a cumulative review. In addition, the total experience exposes learners to a wide range of concepts that enhance language development. English language learners will come away with a greatly expanded vocabulary. This program has a long history of success in helping children learn to read. Lessons contain a pretest, instruction, mastery test, and cumulative review. All lessons are narrated to provide clear instructions and phonetic pronunciation to students. LLS is the re-release of a program originally designed by Dr. Donald Durrell, one of the pioneers of modern research in reading. It is based on principles identified by the National Reading Panel, and incorporates phonemic awareness and phonic instruction, focusing on the names and sounds of letters and blending. LLS provides extensive, individualized instruction designed for mastery of the concepts being taught in an engaging environment. The program is designed expressly for children who do not yet read, and utilizes a greatly simplified interface. 58

65 Learning Letter Sounds Grade Level K Vowels are combined with consonants, and letters are paired for ease of learning. Letter learning tasks vary in difficulty. Tasks, from easier to more challenging, are: matching letters, identifying letters named, and recalling letters from memory. Learning letter names in this manner does not preclude the necessity for also learning alphabetical order. Letters are first introduced in the context of words in which the name of the letter is actually heard. Examples: letter /a/ in able, letter /n/ in end, and letter /i/ in ride. This technique utilizes the child s mastery of oral language and logically transfers that skill into an understanding of the alphabetic system. Twenty-two of the twenty-six letters of the alphabet permit letter name-sound phonics; the names of only h, q, w, and y do not contain their sounds. The letter name-sound process is used each time a new letter is introduced (with the exception of h, q, w, and y). As each lesson progresses the student encounters the letters used in words in which the letters do not say their names and in initial, medial, and final positions. Awareness of separate sounds in spoken words has sequences of ease; letter name-sounds are easier to identify than phonemes; sounds at the beginning of words are easier than at the end or middle of the word; larger clusters of sound, such as rhyming phonograms or syllables are easier than smaller phonetic units. After the student has mastered letter names, that knowledge is put to use learning the sound-symbol relationships of those letters. The remaining fifty-two lessons are devoted to logically and systematically making the transition from speech to print. Initial consonants, digraphs, and blends are presented first. These elements are blended with vowels within common phonograms, employing comparison and contrast, transfer, analogy, onset-rime examples and other effective instructional strategies. Sounds are never distorted by being presented in isolation. The student always hears the sound within the context of whole words that appear with high frequency in the speaking vocabulary of primary-age children. An Internet connection is not required for completion of this course. 59

66 Learning Letter Sounds Grade Level K Pretest - Each lesson starts with a pretest consisting of three test items for each terminal objective in a lesson. Most lessons have two terminal objectives and six pretest items per lesson, (the pattern is three objectives in Lessons 49 through 69, but the ratio of 3:1 remains the same). If a student misses any pretest item, he or she is automatically assigned the instructional component of that lesson. If the student answers correctly on all items, he or she will move on to the next pretest in the sequence, and the lesson will be considered mastered. Instruction - All lessons contain at least 74 instructional frames that systematically present the selected content. As the student progresses through each lesson, all responses are recorded by the management system for teacher review. Mastery Test - When the instructional component is completed, the mastery test is presented to the student. This test has five items per objective. If the student responds correctly to four or more items (80%), the lesson will be considered mastered, and the student will move on to the next lesson in the sequence. If 80% is not achieved, the lesson is automatically repeated to provide the student additional reinforcement during the next session. The master criterion of 80% was determined by the scientific-based research of Dr. Durrell. Research showed that no less than 80% accuracy is required for mastery at a level sufficient to assure ongoing learning and success. Alteration of the 80% criteria for mastery is not recommended. Cumulative Review - Every fourth lesson in Learning Letter Sounds is a cumulative review of the material taught in the previous three lessons. The lessons are planned so that children who know the material move through the lesson quickly, while those who need more instruction work through an easier and slower paced sequence. 60

67 Lesson Title Lesson Content Introduction of Letter Names 1 os, OS Teaches recognition and names of the letters upper and lowercase o and s. 2 at, AT Teaches recognition and names of the letters upper and lowercase a and t. 3 er, ER Teaches recognition and names of the letters upper and lowercase e and r. 4 Review Review of lessons 1, 2, and 3 5 in, IN Teaches recognition and names of the letters upper and lowercase i and n 6 ul, UL Teaches recognition and names of the letters upper and lowercase u and l 7 cp, CP Teaches recognition and names of the letters upper and lowercase c and p 8 Review Review of lessons 5, 6, and 7 9 md, MD Teaches recognition and names of the letters upper and lowercase m and d 10 hb, HB Teaches recognition and names of the letters upper and lowercase h and b 11 yf, YF Teaches recognition and names of the letters upper and lowercase y and f 12 Review Review of lessons 9, 10, and gv, GV Teaches recognition and names of the letters upper and lowercase g and v 14 xw, XW Teaches recognition and names of the letters upper and lowercase x and w 15 kz, KZ Teaches recognition and names of the letters upper and lowercase k and z 16 qj, QJ Teaches recognition and names of the letters upper and lowercase q and j 17 Review Review of lessons 13, 14, 15, and 16 Letter Sounds 18 /s/, /m/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /s/ and /m/ 19 /b/, /t/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /b/ and /t/ 20 /p/, /f/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /p/ and /f/ 21 Review Review of lessons 18, 19, and /r/, /d/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /r/ and /d/ 23 /c/, /n/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /c/ and /n/ 24 /h/, /l/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /h/ and /l/ 25 Review Review of lessons 22, 23, and /g/, /v/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /g/ and /v/ 27 /k/, / j/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /k/ and /j/ 28 /z/, /w/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /z/ and /w/ 29 Review Review of lessons 26, 27, and /y/, /q/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /y/ and /q/ 31 /ch/, /th/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /ch/ and /th/ 32 /sh/, /wh/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /sh/ and /wh/ Learning Letter Sounds Grade Level K 61

68 Lesson Title Lesson Content 33 Review Review of lessons 30, 31, and /sp/, /sl/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /sp/ and /sl/ 35 /sc/, /sm/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /sc/ and /sm/ 36 /st/, /sk/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /st/ and /sk/ 37 Review Review of lessons 34, 35, and /sn/, /sq/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /sn/ and /sq/ 39 /sw/, /tw/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /sw/ and /tw/ 40 /br/, /tr/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /br/ and /tr/ 41 Review Review of lessons 38, 39, and /gr/, /fr/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /gr/ and /fr/ 43 /dr/, /cr/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /dr/ and /cr/ 44 /pr/, /wr/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /pr/ and /wr / 45 Review Review of lessons 42, 43, and /cl/, /bl/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /cl/ and /bl/ 47 /fl/, /pl/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /fl/ and /pl/ 48 /str/, /scr/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /str/ and /scr/ 49 Review Review of lessons 46, 47, and /ay/, /ail/, /ain/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /ay/, /ail/, and /ain/ 51 /ake/, /ave/, /ate/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /ake/, /ave/, and /ate/ 52 /eat/, /ear/, /eep/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /eat/, /ear/, and /eep/ 53 Review Review of lessons 50, 51, and /ide/, /ice/, /ine/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /ide/, /ice/, and /ine/ 55 /ow/, /oke/, /old/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /ow/, /oke/, and /old/ 56 /ook/, /oop/, /ore Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /ook/, /oop/, and /ore/ 57 Review Review of lessons 54, 55, and /ap/, /an/, /at/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /ap/, /an/, and /at/ 59 /ack/, /ash/, /ank Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /ack/, /ash/, and /ank/ 60 /ent/, /ell/, /est/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /ent/, /ell/, and /est/ 61 Review Review of lessons 58, 59, and /ip/, /in/, /it/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /ip/, /in/, and /it/ 63 /ick/, /ill/, /ing/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /ick/, /ill/, and /ing/ 64 /ot/, /op/, /ock/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /ot/, /op/, and /ock/ 65 Review Review of lessons 62, 63, and /ub/, /um/, /ug/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /ub/, /um/, and /ug/ Learning Letter Sounds Grade Level K 62

69 Lesson Title Lesson Content 67 /uck/, /ump/, /ush/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /uck/, /ump/, and /ush/ 68 /aw/, /are/, /all/ Teaches recognition of the sounds made by the letters /aw/, /are/, and /all/ 69 Review Review of lessons 66, 67, and 68 Learning Letter Sounds Grade Level K 63

70 Storybook Phonics I and II Grade Levels K 2 GlobalCourseware Storybook Phonics introduces students to the following: Storybook Phonics I focus on fluency with phonics and oral reading activities that reinforce words from the stories activities that facilitate reading comprehension interactive games blending and segmenting skills learning to read initial consonants initial consonant clusters Storybook Phonics II focus on fluency with phonics and oral reading activities that reinforce words from the stories activities that facilitate reading comprehension interactive games blending and segmenting skills becoming a reader initial consonant clusters vowel and long vowel phonemes 64

71 Storybook Phonics Grade Levels K 2 Storybook Phonics produced by Cambridge HitachiSoft Educational Solutions Plc, is an exciting addition to the GlobalCourseware. This title offers a story-based approach to reading fluency with stories using regular phonemic patterns. Storybook Phonics is ideal for independent and team study with computers. Storybook Phonics is also compatible with interactive whiteboards for whole-class instruction. Storybook Phonics I and II All thirty stories in the combined title contain a study guide, a practice and mastery test, and essay. Most essays and phonics extension assignments include a variety of activities as well as written responses designed to enhance student learning. All stories are voiced, beautifully illustrated in full color, and include character animations. Words are highlighted in synchronicity with the narrator's voice. As students listen to the stories, they are encouraged to read along with the narrator. The primary purpose of the books is to promote reading fluency. Each lesson contains a variety of fun, interactive games such as drag and drop, picture to word matching, and many more. 65

72 Storybook Phonics Grade Levels K 2 The Storybook Phonics books focus on fluency with phonics and oral reading. The design of the phonics extension activities reinforces words from the stories and provides activities that facilitate reading comprehension. Interactive games are designed to enhance blending and segmenting skills for fluent reading and accurate spelling. Software Requirements Software Recommendation Link for Download Web Browser Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher or Safari 2.0 or higher Plug-ins Adobe Flash Player (select Get ADOBE FLASH PLAYER) An Internet connection is required for this title. 66

73 Storybook Phonics Grade Levels K 2 The lessons for Storybook Phonics are divided into two courses, Storybook Phonics I and Storybook Phonics II. Storybook Phonics I Storybook Phonics II Lessons 1 15 Lessons 1 15 Beginning to Read and Becoming a Reader Becoming a Reader Focus on Initial Consonants Focus on Initial Consonant Clusters Focus on Initial Consonant Clusters Focus on Vowel and Long Vowel Phonemes 67

74 Storybook Phonics I Grade Levels K 2 Consonants Essay description: On a piece of paper, draw a picture that shows what you + ug and Essay: Illustration think the bug would have done if it had not gone out the window. 1 Buzzing Bug the letters Phonics: Write Rhyming Phonics extension description: Write four rhyming words using these b, g, m, j, Words letters: b, g, m, j, u, r (Hint: Use words from the story.) u, r Jet Goes Fishing Lost in the Fog The Cat and the Rat A Run in the Sun Dan's Pancake Initial consonants + et Initial consonants + og and the letters g, f, d, j, o, z, and l Initial consonants + at Initial consonants + un Initial consonants + an Essay description: Write a story about a fun time you have had with your pet. If you do not have a pet, write about a friend s pet or a pet you would like to have. Phonics extension description: Write all of the words from the story that rhyme with Jet. Draw a picture to go with each word. Essay description: In this story, we met an alien named Zog. Write a story about Zog. Tell where he is from and why he came to Earth. Draw a picture of Zog s planet. Phonics extension description: Write five rhyming words using these letters: g, f, d, j, o, z, l (Hint: Use words from the story.) Essay description: Because the rat lives in Fat Cat s home, they are sure to see each other again. Write about another time that Fat Cat sees the rat. What will Fat Cat do to the rat? What will the rat do to Fat Cat? Phonics extension description: This story has many words that end with at. Make a flip book with words that end with at. Include words from the story and some of your own words as well. Essay description: The children in this story had fun running in the sun. What do you like to do on a sunny day? Draw a picture of what you like to do on a sunny day. Write a sentence telling about your picture. Phonics extension description: Write five rhyming words using these letters: g, r, s, u, f, n (Hint: Use words from the story.) Essay description: The pancake is now in the baker s van. Write about what you think will happen next. Draw a picture to go with your story. Phonics extension description: Make a word wheel for words that end with an. Use words from this story, as well as some words of your own. Essay: Written Response Phonics: Write Rhyming Words Essay: Story Writing Illustration Phonics: Write Rhyming Words Essay: Written Response Phonics: Create a Flip Book Essay: Illustration Written Response Phonics: Write Rhyming Words Essay: Illustration Story Writing Phonics: Create a Word Wheel 68

75 Storybook Phonics I Grade Levels K 2 Essay: Illustration Essay description: Draw a picture of a fun party that you have had or been Initial Written to. Tell about the party. 7 Puppy Din consonants Response Phonics extension description: Make a word wheel for words that end with + in Phonics: Create a Word in. Use words from this story as well as some words of your own. Wheel 8 9 Ten Gingerbread Men Granny Dot's Pot 10 Molly Mop 11 Sam's Cap 12 Zanzibar Zip Initial consonants + en Initial consonants + ot Initial consonants + op Initial consonants + ap Initial consonants + ip Essay description: Imagine that the gingerbread men had not been eaten by the sheep. Where else could the gingerbread men have gone? Continue the story and draw pictures. Phonics extension description: Write all the words from the story that rhyme with Ben. Draw a picture to go with each word. Essay description: Draw a picture of something you like to eat. Tell how you would make it. Phonics extension description: This story has many words that end with ot. Make a flip book with words that end with ot. Include words from the story and some of your own words as well. Essay description: Molly Mop came out to play with the toys in Tom s toy shop. What do you think they will do? Draw a picture of Molly Mop and the toys playing. Phonics extension description: This story has many words that end with op. Make a flip book with words that end with op. Include words from the story and some of your own words as well. Essay description: What do you think Sam will do next? On a piece of paper, draw a picture showing what you think will happen. Phonics extension description: The words cap, nap, gap, and tap are rhyming words. Can you think of some other words that rhyme with cap and tap? Make a list of those words, and draw pictures to go with your words. Essay description: At the end of the story Pete, Pip, and Zip are having a good time enjoying their food. Now that Pete, Pip, and Zip are friends, what do you think they will do next? Write a sentence and draw a picture explaining what you think they will do next. Phonics extension description: The words Pip, ship, nip, lip, and chip are all rhyming words. What other words also rhyme with these words? Make a list of your rhyming words. Write three of your rhyming words in your own sentences. Essay: Illustration Story Writing Phonics: Illustration Write Rhyming Words Essay: Descriptive Writing Illustration Phonics: Create a Flip Book Essay: Illustration Phonics: Create a Flip Book Essay: Illustration Phonics: Illustration Word List Essay: Illustration Story Writing Phonics: Word List Sentence Writing 69

76 Storybook Phonics I Grade Levels K Essay description: Continue the adventures of the little black blob by drawing a picture on a piece of paper and telling about something else it would do. Be Initial sure to use words that begin with bl, cl, fl, gl, or pl. Essay: Illustration The Blob Can consonant Phonics extension description: The sounds /bl/, /cl/, /fl/, /gl/, and /pl/ are Story Writing Blink! clusters bl, used in words throughout this story to explain things the little black blob saw Phonics: Word List cl, fl, gl, pl and did. Make a list of the words in this story that make those sounds. What other words are spelled with bl, cl, fl, gl, and pl? Write those words on another list. The Crocodile's Sky Snack The Tricky Troll and Billy Goats Gruff Initial s+ consonant clusters Initial consonant clusters br, cr, fr, gr, tr Essay description: In this story, the crocodile tried a new snack. Write about a time that you tried something new to eat. What was it? What did you think about it? Draw a picture of it. Phonics extension description: This story has many words that start with sn, st, sl, sk, sm, and sw. Try to find many of these words in a magazine or a newspaper article. Circle the words that you find. Read the words. Essay description: The billy goats like to eat fresh green grass. The story describes the grass as green, munchy, fresh, crisp, and crunchy. What do you like to eat? Write a paragraph about your favorite food using as many describing words as you can. Draw a picture of the food that you described. Phonics extension description: Make a chart labeled with br, cr, fr, gr, and tr. Write words from the story under the correct headings. Essay: Descriptive Story Illustration Phonics: Find and Circle Words Essay: Illustration Paragraph Writing Phonics: Create a Chart Word List 70

77 1 2 Storybook Phonics II Grade Levels 1 2 Essay description: Have you ever been afraid? Write about a time that you Essay: Illustration Final were afraid. Tell what scared you and what you did about it. Draw a picture to Written The Giant of consonant go along with your story. Response the Sky clusters -nt, Phonics extension description: This story has many words that end with Phonics: Circle Words in -st, -lt -nt, -st, and -lt. See how many of these words you can find in a magazine or a Newspaper newspaper article. Circle the words that you find. Read the words. The Junk Robot 3 Wisp 4 5 Charlie Chimpanzee Shy Dragon and White Knight Final consonant clusters -nd, -nk, -ld Final consonant clusters -lp, -mp, -sp Long vowel phonemes /ee/ and /oa/ Long vowel phoneme /ie/ Essay description: If you made a junk robot of your own, what would it look like? Draw a picture of your junk robot. Then write a paragraph describing what your robot was made from. Phonics extension description: Make a list of all the things the junk robot can do. Underline all the words that end with -nk or -nd. Can you think of anything else the robot can do or would like that ends with the same letters? Add those words to your list. Essay description: Wisp had to be very brave to stand up for herself and not be bullied by a dog that was bigger than she was. Think about a time you have had to be very brave. Write a story about your experience. Phonics extension description: This story has words that end in -lp, -mp, and -sp. Make a list of the words from this story that make those sounds. Then think of three more words that make each of those sounds and add them to your list. Essay description: The Queen Bee wanted to teach Charlie not to steal. Do you think Charlie learned his lesson? Explain your answer. Phonics extension description: This story has many words that make the long /e/ sound and the long /o/ sound. Make a list of long /e/ words and another list of long /o/ words. Write words from the story on the appropriate list. How many different ways of making the long /e/ and long /o/ sounds are there? Underline the letters that make the long /e/ and long /o/ sounds in each word. (For example: ee, ea, ie, oa) Essay description: Now that the white knight and the dragon are friends, what do you think will happen next? Write and draw a picture explaining what the white knight and the dragon will do next. Phonics extension description: This story has a lot of words that make the long /i/ sound. Make a list of all the words you can find that make the long /i/ sound. Can you think of any other words that make the long /i/ sound? Make a list of those words. Essay: Illustration Paragraph Writing Phonics: Word List Word Underline Essay: Story Writing Phonics: Word List Essay: Written Response Phonics: Word List Word Underline Essay: Illustration Written Response Phonics: Word List 71

78 Storybook Phonics II Grade Levels Essay description: Can you think of a test that the wind could have won? Write about the test. Essay: Written Long vowel Phonics extension description: In this story, the long /u/ sound is made Response The Wind and phonemes using different letter patterns. For example, oo is used in the word swooping, Phonics: Letter Patterns the Sun /ai/and ew is used in the word new, and ue is used in the word blue. How many letter Written /ue/ patterns are used to make the long /a/ sound in this story? Write examples of Response each. The Popcorn Boy Town Mouse and Country Mouse A Star in a Marmalade Jar Billy Bear and Pear Tree Fairy Vowel phoneme /oi/ Vowel phoneme /ow/ Vowel phoneme /ar/ Vowel phoneme /air/ Essay description: At the end of the story, Roy Troy s cat is holding a box of popcorn and winking at him. Write a paragraph explaining what you think will happen next. Draw a picture to illustrate your paragraph. Phonics extension description: The letters oi and oy make the same sound. This story contains many words with those letters. Make a list of all the words in the story with oi and oy. Read the words. Essay description: Write a paragraph about where you live. Describe why you like to live there. Draw a picture to go with your paragraph. Phonics extension description: The letters ou and ow often make the same sound. This story contains many words with those letters. Make a list of all the words in the story with ou and ow. Read the words. Can you find any words in which ow makes the long /o/ sound? Write the words you find. Essay description: The star in this story made the farmer s wishes come true. If you set a star free like the farmer did, what do you think would happen? What kind of wishes would you want to come true? Write your answers in complete sentences and draw a picture to illustrate what you wrote. Phonics extension description: The words star, marmalade, and jar have the sound /ar/. Look in a favorite book or a magazine for words which contain the /ar/ sound. Make a list of the words you find. Write five of your words in a sentence. Essay description: In this story, the fairy made a magic chair for Billy Bear. If you had a magic chair, where would you fly to? Write a story about your adventures on a magic chair. Draw a picture to go with your story. Phonics extension description: Make a chart with the headings air, ear, and are. Write the words from the story under the proper heading. Which column had the most words? Read the words. Essay: Illustration Paragraph Writing Phonics: Word List Essay: Illustration Paragraph Writing Phonics: Word List Essay: Illustration Sentence Writing Phonics: Word List Sentence Writing Essay: Illustration Story Writing Phonics: Create a Chart Word List 72

79 Storybook Phonics II Grade Levels Essay description: In this story, Gertie the Goat liked to eat many different things. Write about one of your favorite things to eat. Tell why you like it. Then Essay: Illustration describe how you think it is made. Also, draw a picture of your favorite food. Vowel Written Gertie the Phonics extension description: In this story, the letters er, ir, and ur all phoneme Response Goat make the same sound. Make a chart with the headings er, ir, and ur. Then look /ur/ Phonics: Create a Chart in a favorite book or a magazine for words that make the same sound. Write Word List the words you find under the headings on your chart. Read the words you wrote. The Haunted House The Magic Ear The Magic Porridge Pot Peacock's New Name Vowel phonemes /or/ and /au/ Vowel phoneme /ear/ Vowel phoneme /oo/ Vowel digraph ea Essay description: Paul and Laura were in the house for just a few minutes. They were not able to see what the rest of the house looked like. Using your imagination, write a paragraph describing what the rest of the haunted house was like. Phonics extension essay: This story has many words with the /au/ and /or/ sounds. Find the words in the story that make the /au/ sound and the /or/ sound. Make a list of the words you found. Write five sentences using words from your list. Essay description: Write a paragraph about some other things you think Lug can do with his magic ear. Draw a picture to go with your paragraph. Phonics extension essay: The words hear, tears, and appear all have the sound /ear/. What other words in this story also have the sound /ear/? Make a list of the words you find. Write five complete sentences using the ear words you found in the story. Essay description: Pretend the little girl could not remember how to make the magic cooking pot stop cooking porridge. Write a paragraph explaining what would happen. Draw a picture to go with your paragraph. Phonics extension description: How many oo words can you find in the story? Write down the words that you find and draw a picture to go with each one. Essay description: In this story, Peacock thought he was very grand and should be given special treatment because of his beautiful feathers. How do you think he changed after the fox tried to eat him? Explain your answer. Phonics extension description: The letters ea make two different sounds in this story. In the word peacock, ea makes the long /e/ sound. In the word head, ea makes the short /e/ sound. Make a chart labeled with long /e/ sounds and short /e/ sounds. List all of the ea words from the story under the correct heading. Try to add words of your own to the chart. Essay: Paragraph Writing Phonics: Word List Sentence Writing Essay: Illustration Paragraph Writing Phonics: Word List Sentence Writing Essay: Illustration Paragraph Writing Phonics: Illustration Word List Essay: Written Response Phonics: Create a Chart Word List 73

80 Reading I VIII Grade Levels 1 8 GlobalCourseware Reading I VIII introduces students to a variety of topics including: extensive tutorial and instructional narration in grades 1 3 phonemic awareness phonics vocabulary development comprehension reading fluency recognition of word families antonyms homophones compound words synonyms phonograms prefixes suffixes root words recognition of main story ideas and details outcome predictions and feelings interpretations conclusions similarities and differences distinguishing fact from make believe and opinion understanding of cause and effect and point of view identification of setting, plot, and characterization instruction of various literary forms 74

81 Reading I VIII Grade Levels 1 8 The GlobalCourseware Reading courses are scientific, research-based, integrated courses for grade levels 1-8. This program directs students from beginning reading levels to more advanced reading skills. Reading I, II, and III have tutorial and instructional voice support. A sequence of eight titles provides an extensive e-learning solution ideal for schools that want to use technology to improve their instructional process. Reading is presented as a collection of year-long courses. All lessons contain a study guide, a practice and mastery test, and an essay or constructed response. Lessons include a variety of essay types such as descriptive, persuasive, expository, and letter writing. These courses are certified by MetaMetrics with a Lexile score. The GlobalCourseware program consists of an Internet-based instructional management system with student assessment tools built in, and educators can test students on national, state, district, or local objectives because any set of standards can be added to the system. 75

82 Reading I VIII Grade Levels 1 8 Some courses are enriched by Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition (EB) workspaces that contain learning materials. Learning materials may contain articles, games, images, maps, and/or videos. The content in these courses is designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) for the Standards of English Language Arts. In addition, it addresses the core reading skills identified by the National Reading Panel: phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary development, comprehension, and fluency. Each Reading title consists of four units: Reviews, Word Analysis, Comprehension, and Literary Skills. o The review lessons introduce and refresh the students recall of consonants and vowels and their associated sounds and letter patterns (phonics). o The Word Analysis unit gives extensive tutoring and practice recognizing word families, antonyms, homophones, compound words, synonyms, phonograms, prefixes, suffixes, and root words (phonics & phonemic awareness). o The Comprehension unit focuses on skills that teach the student to recognize main ideas and details, predict outcomes and interpret feelings, draw conclusions, recognize similarity and difference, distinguish fact from make believe and opinion, understand cause and effect and point of view, use context clues to understand the meaning of words, and to find information from charts, graphs, and diagrams. o The Literary Skills unit provides discussion and identification of story elements (including setting, plot, characterization) and instruction of various literary forms. These skills together with extensive practice promote the automaticity of the core skills to promote fluency. 76

83 Reading I VIII Grade Levels 1 8 The Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition has teacher resources and student learning materials. The materials include a wide range of interactive lessons, research projects, animations, and worksheets that support many GlobalCourseware lessons. Each workspace may contain an article, diagram, study guide, video, or interactive media. The launch icon for EB objects is located at the top of the GC screen in the study guide section. 77

84 Reading I VIII Grade Levels 1 8 Software Web Browser Plug-ins Media Player EB Third Party Content EB, PDFs EB Recommendation Software Requirements Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher or Safari 2.0 or higher Adobe Flash Player Adobe Shockwave Player Adobe Reader Java 1.41 or higher Quicktime or Link for Download (select Get ADOBE FLASH PLAYER) (select Get SHOCKWAVE PLAYER) (select Get ADOBE READER) normally installed with your GlobalCourseware client Windows Media Player For further exploration, resource links to the Internet may be provided in some lessons. An Internet connection is required to utilize the EB components of the GlobalCourseware. 78

85 Reading I VIII Grade Levels 1 8 The Reading titles develop skills in practical situations by utilizing a Four-Step Approach: Study Guide, Practice Test, Mastery Test, and Essay modules are used to define the instructional environment. The Study Guide module provides a text- and graphics-based delivery of material that is reinforced by pictures and diagrams supported by a wealth of content. Study Guides teach the concepts and skills associated with each lesson. A number of the Study Guide pages have specific, interactive feedback that will assist the student in solving problems or understanding concepts. The Practice Test module allows the student to practice the skills learned in the Study Guide section. The student has instant access to the study material for reference. In the Mastery Test module, the student takes a scored examination, electronically submits the test, and the results are recorded in the GlobalCourseware Management System. The Essay module allows the student to compose individual, free-form answers to a wide variety of questions and problems. 79

86 Reading I VIII Grade Levels 1 8 The Reading courses each contain a variety of lessons and differ in length, grade level, and available features. Listed below are the courses found within the curriculum planning manual. Course Name Number of Lessons Length of Course in Semesters Grade Levels Lexile Measure Reading I Yes Reading II Yes Reading III Yes Reading IV Yes Reading V Yes Reading VI Yes Reading VII Yes Reading VIII Yes 80

87 Reading I Grade Level 1 1 Capital Letter Review Identify the letters of the alphabet in upper case (Review) Essay: Written Activity 2 Lower Case Letter Review Identify the letters of the alphabet in lower case (Review) Essay: Written Activity Identify initial and single consonant sounds and sound-letter correspondences, 3 Consonant Review final consonant sounds and sound-letter correspondences, medial consonant Essay: Written Activity sounds and sound-letter correspondences, blends and digraphs 4 Vowel Review Identify short vowel sounds and sound-letter correspondences and correctly read 3-4 letter words, long vowel sounds and sound-letter correspondences Essay: Illustration 5 Patterns Recall a three part pattern from memory; students identify vowel-consonant patterns such as CVC, CVCV, CVVCV, etc. Essay: Activity 6 Classifying Tell whether pictures, letters or shapes are alike or different, classifying information; students classify various groups of items (Review) Essay: Activity Word Analysis 7 Word Families Changing the first or last letters to form word families Essay: Written Activity 8 Antonyms Definition and examples of antonyms; students practice finding antonyms for words Essay: Written Activity 9 Homophones Definition and examples of homophones; students learn that words can sound alike but have different meanings Essay: Activity 10 Compound Words Definition and examples of compound words; students identify compound words Essay: Written Activity 11 Synonyms Definition and examples of synonyms; students practice finding a synonym for words Essay: Written Activity 12 Phonograms Definition and examples of phonograms; students practice finding phonograms Essay: Written Activity/ Illustration 13 Prefixes Correct use of prefixes including the prefix /ur/ Essay: Activity 14 Suffixes Correct use of the suffixes /s/, /es/, /ies/, /ing/, /ed/, etc. Essay: Written Activity 15 Syllables Divide words into syllables, count the number of syllables in a word Essay: Written Activity 16 Root Words Root words without spelling changes, root words with spelling changes Essay: Written Activity 17 Introducing Nouns Students learn the definition of nouns and to find nouns in sentences Essay: Written Activity/ Illustration 18 Introducing Verbs Students learn the definition of verbs and to locate verbs in sentences Essay: Written Activity 19 Plurals Students learn that plural means more than one; students learn how some Essay: Written Activity/ plurals are formed Illustration 81

88 Reading I Grade Level 1 20 Predicting Outcomes Tell what will happen next in a story; students recognize that certain actions might result in certain outcomes Essay: Illustration Comprehension 21 Recognizing Main Identify main idea and details, recognize the title as a source of the main idea, Ideas determine the key words and topic sentence Essay: Written Activity 22 Interpreting Feelings Make an inference based on characters and character traits, make an inference based on feelings Essay: Written Activity 23 Drawing Conclusions Make an inference based on drawing conclusions Essay: Written Activity 24 Story Details Listen for details in stories, recall details from stories Essay: Written Activity 25 Similarity & Difference Students learn to identify similarities and differences in stories Essay: Illustration 26 Fact and Make Essay: Written Activity/ Students learn to differentiate between fact and make believe Believe Compare & Contrast 27 Make-Believe Stories Students invent stories that are not real; learn how to distinguish between what is real and what is not real or true Essay: Illustration 28 Understanding Setting Definition and example of setting; how setting is part of a story Essay: Written Activity/ Illustration 29 Cause and Effect Definitions of cause and effect; students identify various causes and effects by reading clues Essay: Written Activity 30 Sorting Information Students compare elements of stories Essay: Activity 31 Figurative Language Understand figurative language used in stories and poetry, identify types of Essay: Activity/ animals personified in a story personification Illustration 32 Purpose in Writing Distinguish the author s purpose Essay: Written Activity 33 Context Clues Select the correct meaning for unfamiliar words by using context clues, use Essay: Vocabulary in picture clues and syntax to identify word and sentence meaning Context 34 Sequence The concept of sequencing, students determine the sequence of sentences Essay: Written Activity 35 Point of View Determine who is telling the story Essay: Activity 36 Summarizing Definition and examples of summary; students read a story and identify points to be included in a summary Essay: Written Activity 37 Phrasing Moves from word by word reading to phrasing words together 38 Structural Analysis Use structural analysis to determine the meaning of unknown words Essay: Written Activity 39 Multiple Meanings Understand multiple meanings of words Essay: Activity 40 Spatial-Position Words Differentiate which picture shows the correct spatial relationship (in, on, beside, above, below, next to, between, about, against Essay: Activity 41 Charts and Graphs Gain information from charts, graphs and diagrams to answer questions Essay: Activity 82

89 Reading I Grade Level 1 Literary Skills 42 Five W Questions Answer the who, what, when, where, why and how questions in complete sentences Essay: Written Activity 43 Poetry Reading and understanding different types of poetry, recognizing and using sound words (onomatopoeia) Essay: Written Activity 83

90 Reading II Grade Level 2 1 Identify initial and single consonant sounds and sound-letter correspondences, Consonant Quick final consonant sounds and sound-letter correspondences, medial consonant Review sounds and sound-letter correspondences, blends and digraphs Essay: Written Activity 2 Vowels Quick Review Identify short vowel sounds and sound-letter correspondences and correctly read 3-4 letter words, long vowel sounds and sound-letter correspondences Essay: Written Activity 3 Verbs Quick Review Definition and examples of tense; students identify verbs in past, present, and future tenses Essay: Written Activity 4 Plurals Quick Review Review of correctly adding plurals to words Essay: Written Activity Word Analysis 5 Pronunciation & Students use phonetic clues and diacritical marks to identify word Syllables pronunciation and number of syllables Essay: Written Activity 6 Sight Vocabulary Students learn various sight words and their definitions Essay: Written Activity 7 Root Words Definition and examples of root words; introduction to prefixes and suffixes and how each can change the meaning of a root word Essay: Written Activity 8 Prefixes Correct use of the prefixes /re/ and /un/ (not) Essay: Written Activity 9 Suffixes Correct use of the suffixes /er/, /or/, /less/, /ing/, etc. Essay: Written Activity 10 Context Clues Select the correct meaning for unfamiliar words by using context clues, use structural analysis to determine the meaning of unknown words Essay: Written Activity 11 Compound Words Definition and examples of compound words; students identify compound words Essay: Written Activity 12 Synonyms Definition and examples of synonyms; students practice finding a synonym for words Essay: Written Activity 13 Antonyms Definition and examples of antonyms; students practice finding antonyms for words Essay: Written Activity 14 Abbreviations Correctly use the abbreviations Mrs., Mr., days of the week and months of the year Essay: Written Activity 15 Core Subject Words Identify and use words from language arts, math, social studies and science Essay: Written Activity 16 Homophones Definition and examples of homophones; students identify homophones in sentences Essay: Written Activity 17 Contractions Definition and examples of contractions; students identify words that form contractions Essay: Written Activity 18 Word Families Changing the first or last letters to form word families Essay: Written Activity 19 Analogies The definition of analogies, examples of analogies using synonyms, antonyms, and parts of a whole; students practice completing analogies Essay: Written Activity 84

91 Reading II Grade Level 2 20 Homographs Definition and examples of homographs; students identify homographs in sentences Essay: Written Activity 21 Multiple Meanings Understand multiple meanings of words, recognize the multiple meanings of words Essay: Written Activity 22 Sequencing Definition and examples of sequence and order of events; students put events in order; sequence a series of pictures Essay: Illustration Comprehension 23 Main Idea and Identify main idea and details, recognize the title as a source of the main idea, Details determine the key words and topic sentence Essay: Written Activity 24 Alphabetization Students practice alphabetizing using first, second, and third letters of words Essay: Written Activity 25 Information Gain information from pictures, charts and diagrams Essay: Bar Graph 26 Fact and Opinion Students identify facts and opinions Essay: Written Activity 27 Cause and Effect Definitions of cause and effect; students identify various causes and effects by reading clues Essay: Written Activity 28 Classifying Definition of classifying; students classify various groups of items Essay: Written Activity 29 Compare and Definition and examples of comparing and contrasting ideas, events, Contrast characters, etc. Essay: Written Activity 30 Characterization Make an inference based on characters and character traits; definition of traits; students use character traits to predict outcomes Essay: Written Activity 31 Feelings Make an inference based on feelings Essay: Written Activity 32 Predicting Outcomes Students read clues and decide what could happen next in a story Essay: Written Activity 33 Generalizations The process of going from a specific account to general statements; true and false generalizations Essay: Written Activity 34 Summarizing and Definition and examples of summary; students read a story and identify points Paraphrasing to be included in a summary; definition and examples of paraphrasing Essay: Written Activity 35 Drawing Conclusions Make an inference based on drawing conclusions, identify information which gives support for opinions Essay: Written Activity 36 Common Expressions Everyday sayings and proverbs and their meanings Essay: Written Activity 37 Five W Questions Students answer who, what, when, where, why and how questions in a reading selection Essay: Written Activity Literary Skills 38 Story Elements Use major elements of story structure (beginning-middle-end, character, setting, plot) to discuss literature and write a story Essay: Written Activity 85

92 Reading II Grade Level 2 39 Purpose in Writing Identification of various purposes for writing, including informing, persuading, creative writing, describing; students distinguish the author s purpose Essay: Written Activity 40 Point of View Definition and examples of first and third person points of view; students determine who is telling a story Essay: Written Activity 41 Fiction and Definition and examples of fiction and nonfiction; students identify titles of Nonfiction books that are either fiction or nonfiction Essay: Written Activity 42 Folktales and Fables Definition and examples of tall tales, folktales and fables Essay: Written Activity 43 Reality and Fantasy Definition of fantasy, recognizing the difference between reality and fantasy, distinguish between real and make-believe Essay: Written Activity 44 Literary Forms Definition and examples of poetry, short stories, autobiographies, and biographies Essay: Written Activity 45 Personal Narratives Definition and examples of personal narratives; students identify words that are used in writing personal experiences Essay: Written Activity 86

93 Reading III Grade Level 3 Identify initial and single consonant sounds and sound-letter correspondences, 1 Consonant Review final consonant sounds and sound-letter correspondences, medial consonant Essay: Written Activity sounds and sound-letter correspondences, blends and digraphs 2 Vowel Review Identify short vowel sounds and sound-letter correspondences and correctly read 3-4 letter words, long vowel sounds and sound-letter correspondences Essay: Written Activity 3 Verbs Review Identify verbs in sentences, forms of regular verbs, verb forms (past, present, future) Essay: Written Activity 4 Plurals Review Review of correctly adding plurals to words Essay: Written Activity Word Analysis 5 Syllables Students learn guidelines for dividing words into syllables, use phonetic clues and diacritical marks to identify word pronunciation 6 Sight Vocabulary Develop a sight vocabulary of high frequency words Essay: Written Activity 7 Prefixes and Suffixes Correct use of the prefixes /re/, /un/ (not), /dis/ (not), /un/ (opposite), /dis/, (opposite) etc., correct use of the suffixes /er/, /or/, /less/, /ly/, /ing/, etc., Essay: Written Activity Select the correct meaning for unfamiliar words by using context clues and 8 Context Clues inferences, use structural analysis to determine the meaning of unknown words; students search for clues to word meanings in pictures, surrounding Essay: Written Activity words, and in the dictionary 9 Compound Words Definition and examples of compound word; students identify compound words Essay: Written Activity 10 Synonyms and Definition and examples of synonyms and antonyms; students practice finding Antonyms a synonym or antonym for words Essay: Written Activity 11 Core Subject Words Identify and use words from language arts, math, social studies and science Essay: Written Activity 12 Definition and examples of homographs; students identify homographs in Homophones and sentences, definition and examples of homophones; students identify Homographs homophones in sentences Essay: Written Activity 13 Contractions Identify words that form compound words Essay: Written Activity 14 Word Families Changing the first or last letters to form word families, use letter sounds association and sounds to spell words, use context clues to decode words Essay: Written Activity 15 Abbreviations Correctly use the abbreviations Mrs., Mr., days of the week and months or the year Essay: Written Activity Read stories pronouncing words accurately, moves from word by word reading 16 Pronunciation to phrasing words together, use phonetic clues and diacritical marks to identify Essay: Written Activity 17 Connotation & Denotation word pronunciation Recognize the definition of a word in a sentence, recognize the exact definition of a word in a sentence Essay: Written Activity 87

94 Reading III Grade Level 3 18 Alphabetizing Students learn to alphabetize to the third letter of a word Essay: Written Activity 19 Sequencing & Sequence a series of pictures; definition and examples of sequence; Classifying importance of word order in a story; words that indicate sequence Essay: Written Activity 20 Main Ideas Identify main idea and details, recognize the title as a source of the main idea, determine the key words and topic sentence Essay: Written Activity 21 Story Details Definition and examples of details; students recall details from stories Essay: Written Activity 22 Information Introduces students to tables, charts, and diagrams; students gain information from pictures, charts and diagrams Essay: Illustration 23 Fact and Opinion Definitions and examples of facts and opinions; how propaganda is used to influence opinions; learning the difference between fact and opinion Essay: Written Activity 24 Cause and Effect Definitions of cause and effect; students identify various causes and effects by reading clues Essay: Written Activity 25 Compare and Definition and examples of comparing and contrasting ideas, events, Contrast characters, etc. Essay: Written Activity 26 Feelings and Motives Make an inference based on feelings and motives; make an inference based on characters and character traits Essay: Written Activity 27 Predicting Outcomes Students read clues and decide what could happen next in a story Essay: Written Activity 28 Generalizations Definition and examples of generalizations; the process of going from a specific account to general statements Essay: Written Activity 29 Summarizing and Definition and examples of summary; students read a story and identify points Paraphrasing to be included in a summary, students will retell a story in their own words Essay: Written Activity 30 Drawing Conclusions Make an inference based on drawing conclusions, identify information that gives support for opinions Essay: Written Activity 31 Point of View Definition and examples of first and third person points of view Essay: Written Activity 32 Five W Questions Answer the who, what, when, where, why and how questions in a reading selection Essay: Written Activity 33 Story Elements & Definition and examples of setting, the elements of time and setting; the Setting importance of setting to a story Essay: Written Activity 34 Purpose in Writing Students understand that there are many purposes in writing; writing is for a specific purpose; students identify Essay: Written Activity 35 Fiction and Definition and examples of realistic fiction and science fiction, understand Essay: Written Activity/ Nonfiction elements of nonfiction Illustration 36 Folktales and Fables Definition and examples of tall tales, folktales and fables, legends; elements of each Essay: Written Activity 88

95 Reading III Grade Level 3 Definition of fantasy, recognizing the difference between reality and fantasy, 37 Reality and Fantasy Essay: Written Activity distinguish between real and make-believe 38 Literary Forms 1 Elements of a short story described, including plot, characters, and setting Essay: Written Activity 39 Literary Forms 2 Autobiography, biography, understand the purpose and form of a biography Essay: Written Activity Narrative and 40 Identify narrative materials and expository materials Essay: Written Activity Expository Figurative Language Definition and example of metaphors, similes, and personification; students 41 Essay: Written Activity 1 identify figurative language in speech Figurative Language Definition and examples of alliteration, hyperbole, and onomatopoeia; students 42 Essay: Written Activity 2 identify figurative language in sentences Figurative Language 43 Definition and examples of lyric poetry, students identify words that rhyme Essay: Written Activity 3 89

96 Reading IV Grade Level 4 1 Identify initial and single consonant sounds and sound-letter correspondences, Consonants Quick final consonant sounds and sound-letter correspondences, medial consonant Review sounds and sound-letter correspondences, blends and digraphs Essay: Written Activity Identify short vowel sounds and sound-letter correspondences, long vowel 2 Vowels Quick Review sounds and sound-letter correspondences; students identify vowel/consonant Essay: Written Activity patterns 3 Verbs Quick Review Identify subjects and verbs and predicates; action verbs; verb tenses (past, present, future) Essay: Written Activity Identify singular and plural; rules for forming plurals; words that have another 4 Plurals Quick Review word for plural form; words that have the same word for both singular and Essay: Written Activity plural Word Analysis 5 Pronunciation & Use phonetic clues and diacritical marks to identify word pronunciation, divide Syllables words into syllables Essay: Written Activity 6 Sight Words Develop a sight vocabulary of high frequency words; definitions of various sight words Essay: Written Activity 7 Root Words Root words without spelling changes, root words with spelling changes; adding prefixes and suffixes to root words 8 Prefixes Correct use of the prefixes /re/, /un/ (not), /dis/ (not), /un/ (opposite), /mis/, (opposite) etc. Essay: Activity 9 Suffixes Correct use of the suffixes /er/, /or/, /less/, /ly/, /ing/, /able/, /ible/, /ment/, etc. Essay: Activity 10 Context Clues Select the correct meaning for unfamiliar words by using context clues, use structural analysis to determine the meaning of unknown words Essay: Written Activity 11 Compound Words Definition and examples of compound word; students identify compound words Essay: Written Activity 12 Synonyms Definition and examples of synonyms; using the thesaurus as a source for finding synonyms; students practice finding a synonym for words Essay: Written Activity 13 Antonyms Definition and examples of antonyms; using the thesaurus as a source for antonyms; students practice finding antonyms for words Essay: Written Activity 14 Abbreviations Correctly use the abbreviations Mrs., Mr., days of the week and months or the year; states Essay: Written Activity 15 Core Subject Words Identify and use words from language arts, math, social studies and science Essay: Written Activity 16 Homographs Definition of homographs; selecting the correct homograph in sentences Essay: Written Activity 90

97 Reading IV Grade Level 4 17 Definition and examples of homonyms; students identify homonyms in Homonyms and sentences, definition and examples of homophones; students identify Homophones homophones in sentences Essay: Written Activity 18 Contractions Examples of forming contractions; contractions using not; pronouns and contractions Essay: Written Activity Comprehension 19 Analogies The definition of analogies, students practice completing analogies Essay: Written Activity Understand multiple meanings of words, recognize the multiple meanings of 20 Multiple Meanings words; the importance of context clues in defining words that have multiple Essay: Written Activity meanings 21 Main Ideas and Identify main idea and details, recognize the title as a source of the main idea, Details determine the key words and topic sentence Essay: Written Activity 22 Information Definition and examples of charts, graphs, and diagrams; students gain information from pictures, charts, graphs, and diagrams Essay: Bar Graph 23 Alphabetization Alphabetize to the third letter Essay: Written Activity 24 Cause and Effect Definitions of cause and effect; students identify various causes and effects by reading clues; questions that can help determine cause and effect Essay: Written Activity 25 Fact and Opinion Identify facts and opinions Essay: Written Activity 26 Compare and Definition and examples of comparing and contrasting ideas, events, Contrast characters, etc. Essay: Written Activity 27 Characterization Definition and examples of characterization and character traits; students make an inference based on characters and character traits Essay: Written Activity 28 Classifying Definition of classifying, categorizing, and grouping; tips for helping students classify various groups of items Essay: Written Activity 29 Predicting Outcomes Students read clues and decide what could happen next in a story Essay: Written Activity 30 Generalizations The process of going from a specific account to general statements Essay: Written Activity 31 Summarizing and Definition and examples of summary; students read a story and identify points Paraphrasing to be included in a summary; students practice paraphrasing Essay: Written Activity 32 Drawing Conclusions Make an inference based on conclusions, identify information which gives support for opinions Essay: Written Activity 33 Common Expressions Everyday sayings, proverbs, and idioms Essay: Written Activity 34 Five W Questions Answer the who, what, when, where, why and how questions in a reading selection Essay: Written Activity 91

98 Reading IV Grade Level 4 Literary Skills 35 Point of View Determine who is telling the story; examples of first and third person points of view Essay: Written Activity 36 Story Elements Use major elements of story structure (beginning-middle-end, character, setting, plot) to discuss literature and write a story Essay: Written Activity 37 Purpose in Writing Writing to describe, entertain, inform (including autobiographies and biographies), and to persuade Essay: Written Activity 38 Fiction and Definition and examples of realistic fiction; historic fiction, and science fiction; Nonfiction nonfiction Essay: Written Activity 39 Folk Tales and Definition and examples of tall tales, folktales and fables; exaggeration Fables Essay: Written Activity 40 Reality and Fantasy Definition of fantasy, recognizing the difference between reality and fantasy, distinguish between real and make-believe Essay: Written Activity 41 Literary Forms Figurative Language 1 Figurative Language 2 Short stories; autobiography, biography, understand the purpose and form of a biography; poetry, understand figurative language used in stories and poetry Metaphors, similes and personification Definition and examples of hyperbole, alliteration, onomatopoeia Essay: Written Activity Essay: Written Activity Essay: Written Activity 92

99 Reading V Grade Level 5 Identify initial and single consonant sounds, and sound-letter correspondences; 1 Consonants final consonant sounds and sound-letter correspondences; medial consonant sounds and sound-letter correspondences; blends and digraphs 2 Vowels Identify short vowel sounds and sound-letter correspondences; long vowel sounds and sound-letter correspondences 3 Verbs and Identify verbs in sentences; forms of regular verbs; verb forms: past, present, Contractions and future; identify compound words that become contractions 4 Plurals Review of rules to form plural words; changing words for plural form; words that do not change from singular to plural Word Analysis 5 Suffixes Correct use of the suffixes -er, -or-, -less-, -ly-, -ing, etc. Essay: Activity 6 Prefixes Correct use of the prefixes re-, un- (not), dis- (not), un- (opposite), dis-, (opposite) etc. Essay: Activity 7 Compound Words Definition and examples of compound words; students identify compound words; open and closed compounds Essay: Activity 8 Synonyms and Definition and examples of synonyms and antonyms; students practice finding Antonyms a synonym and antonym for various words 9 Analogies Definition of analogies; students practice completing analogies Definition and examples of homonyms, homophones, and homographs; 10 Multiple Meanings students identify and use homonyms, homophones, and homographs in sentences; recognize the multiple meanings of words 11 Abbreviations Correctly use the abbreviations Mrs. and Mr.; days of the week and months of the year 12 Root Words Root words without spelling changes; root words with spelling changes; changing the first or last letters to form word families 13 Pronunciation/Syllab Read stories pronouncing words accurately; use phonetic clues and diacritical les marks to identify word pronunciation; dividing words into syllables 14 Students read clues and decide what could happen next in a story; make an Predicting/ inference based on conclusions; identify information which gives support for Conclusions opinions 15 Alphabetization Alphabetize to the third letter Essay: Activity 16 Information Gain information from pictures, charts, and diagrams; line and bar graphs Essay: Activity Comprehension 17 Fact and Opinion Identify facts and opinions; idioms and sense words Essay: Illustration 93

100 Reading V Grade Level 5 18 Compare and Definition and examples of comparing and contrasting ideas, events, Contrast characters, etc. 19 Sequencing/ Sequencing information from a variety of sources; definition of classifying; Classifying students classify various groups of items 20 Main Ideas Identify main idea and details; recognize the title as a source of the main idea; determine the key words and topic sentence 21 Connotation & Recognize the definition of a word in a sentence; recognize the exact definition Denotation of a word in a sentence using context clues Essay: Illustration 22 Cause and Effect Definitions of cause and effect; students identify various causes and effects by reading clues Essay: Activity 23 Context Clues 1 Identify word meanings through context clues and inferences 24 Context Clues 2 Select the correct meaning for unfamiliar words by using context clues 25 Narratives Recall details from narratives; story elements including setting, characters, and resolution Essay: Narrative 26 Characterization Make an inference based on characters and character traits Essay: Activity 27 Common Expressions Everyday sayings, proverbs, and common abbreviations 28 Generalizations The process of going from a specific account to general statements 29 Summarizing Definition and examples of summary; students read a story and identify points to be included in a summary 30 Five W Questions Answer the who, what, when, where, why and how questions in a reading selection 31 Story Elements Use major elements of story structure: beginning-middle-end, character, setting, and plot to discuss literature and write a story; conflict and resolution Essay: Narrative 32 Purpose in Writing Distinguish the author s purpose in writing to inform, persuade, or entertain; identify point of view 33 Prior Knowledge Using prior knowledge to understand the problems and feelings of characters in stories, and the importance of historical events Essay: Written response 34 Setting Definition and examples of historical fiction; understanding the elements of time and setting 35 Fiction Definition and examples of realistic fiction and science fiction 36 Nonfiction Understand elements of nonfiction; identify source of nonfictional writing including: encyclopedias, atlases, etc. Essay: Research 94

101 Reading V Grade Level 5 37 Folktales and Fables Definition and examples of tall tales, folktales, and fables Essay: Illustration 38 Reality and Fantasy Definition of fantasy; recognizing the difference between reality and fantasy; distinguishing between real and make-believe Essay: Narrative Literary Skills 39 Literary Forms 1 Understand figurative language used in stories, poetry, metaphors, similes, personification, hyperbole, alliteration, and onomatopoeia 40 Literary Forms 2 Short stories; problems in resolution; characters and setting 41 Literary Forms 3 Autobiography; biography; understand the purpose and form of a biography 42 Figurative Language Understand figurative language used in stories and poetry; using hyperbole, alliteration, and onomatopoeia 43 Narrative & Identify narrative materials and expository writing Expository 44 Propaganda and Bias Identify propaganda and bias including: techniques of omission of facts, bandwagon, over-generalization, and testimonials 45 High Frequency Words Identify high frequency words and core subject words Essay: Activity 95

102 Reading VI Grade Level 6 Identify initial and single consonant sounds, and sound-letter correspondences; 1 Consonant Review final consonant sounds and sound-letter correspondences; medial consonant sounds and sound-letter correspondences; blends and digraphs 2 Vowel Review Identify short vowel sounds and sound-letter correspondences; long vowel sounds and sound-letter correspondences 3 Verb Review Identify verbs in sentences; forms of regular verbs; verb forms: past, present, and future; vowel pairs and vowel digraphs Essay: Narrative 4 Pronunciation Review of pronunciation skills; long and short vowels; pronunciation symbols Word Analysis 5 Sight Words Develop a sight vocabulary of high frequency words Essay: Narrative 6 Review of words that have tricky spellings and words that are confused with Common others and commonly misused; also includes some words that change spelling Misspellings to form plurals Essay: Letter Writing 7 Root Words Root words without spelling changes; root words with spelling changes; prefixes and suffixes 8 Prefixes Correctly use the prefixes pre-, en-, non-, mis-, non-, in- and im-, dis-, anti-, sub-, re-, etc. 9 Suffixes Correctly use the suffixes -ible, -able, -ful, -ment, -y, -ly, and -ily, -ance, -tion, and ment 10 Greek and Latin Examples and definitions of words with Greek and Latin derivatives; old English Words words; middle and modern English words Select the correct meaning for unfamiliar words by using pictures or familiar 11 Context Clues words context clues; use structural analysis to determine the meaning of unknown words; search for further information 12 Compound Words Definition and examples of compound words; students identify compound words Essay: Narrative 13 Synonyms Definition of synonyms; students practice finding synonyms for words 14 Antonyms Definition of antonyms; students practice finding antonyms for words 15 Homonyms Definition of homonyms; selecting the correct homonym in sentences 16 Homographs and Homophones 17 Contractions Definition, examples of, and use of homophones and homographs; correctly use the homophones: here/hear; to/too/two; its/it s; your/you re; they re/there/their, etc.; words with multiple meanings Forming contractions; using negative words with contractions; identify words that form compound words; how to avoid confusing compound words and contractions 96

103 Reading VI Grade Level 6 18 Sound Associations Sounds that are associated with various letters and letter combinations; digraphs; letters that have more than one sound Essay: Activity 19 Analogies Definition and examples of analogies; includes examples of analogies as they often appear on standardized tests Essay: Activity 20 Abbreviations Identify and correctly use abbreviations; measurement abbreviations and business abbreviations Essay: Diagram 21 Core Subject Words Identify and use words from: language arts, math, social studies, science, art, drama, and technology, Essay: Illustration 22 Multiple Meaning Words Understand multiple meanings of words; define connotation and denotation 23 Sequencing Importance of sequence in telling a story; words that identify sequence Essay: Illustration 24 Alphabetization Alphabetize to the third letter Essay: Activity Comprehension 25 Main Ideas Identify main idea and details; recognize the title as a source of the main idea; determine the key words and topic sentence; recall details from stories Identify facts and opinions, idioms, and sense words; choose significant details 26 Fact and Opinion which do or do not support the main idea; identify information which gives support for opinions 27 Conflict and Climax Understand conflict, climax, comparisons, and resolution in selections Definitions of cause and effect; students identify various causes and effects by 28 Cause and Effect reading clues; classifying various groups of items; explicit and implicit cause and effect; words that signal cause or effect 29 Compare and Definition and examples of comparing and contrasting ideas, events, Contrast characters, etc. 30 Characterization Make an inference based on characters and character traits; identify various personality types 31 Predicting and Review of cause and effect; read and predict outcomes based on knowledge Essay: Illustration Summarizing gained in reading; summarizing Explanation of how word clues about main ideas and details of stories can help 32 Drawing Conclusions the student reach a conclusion; examination and discussion of evidence that helps support conclusions 33 Five W Questions Answer the who, what, when, where, why and how questions in a reading selection 97

104 Reading VI Grade Level 6 34 Story Elements Use major elements of story structure: beginning-middle-end, character, setting, and plot to discuss literature and write a story; mood 35 Purpose in Writing Distinguish the author s purpose: the KWL technique; writing for entertainment and for information; audience 36 Paraphrasing Students will retell a story in their own words; generalizations; tips for paraphrasing 37 Point of View Recognizing point of view; first person, second person, third person, and Essay: Narrative narrator; omniscience 38 Novels and Short Identify the elements of a short stories and novels; plot; characters; conflict Stories 39 Realistic/Science Understand elements of nonfiction; definition and examples of historical fiction; Fiction understanding the elements of time and setting 40 Mysteries Definition and elements of a mystery; clues in mysteries; skills for understanding mysteries 41 Propaganda and Bias Identification of propaganda techniques; bandwagon, testimonials, faulty cause, and loaded words Essay: Activity 42 Folklore The elements of folktales, fables, and tall tales 43 Nonfiction Identify biographies and autobiographies; essay and journals Essay: Journal Writing 44 Poetry Use of poetry, ballad, sonnet, lyric, narrative, and limerick Literary Skills 45 Drama Use of elements of drama: tragedy and comedy 46 Mood and Tone The elements of mood and tone in reading selections; clues for recognizing mood and tone Essay: Narrative 47 Metaphors and Identification of metaphors and similes in reading selections Similes 48 Figurative Language Identify and correctly use alliteration and onomatopoeia; personification and hyperbole Essay: Activity 98

105 Reading VII Grade Level 7 1 Verbs Quick Review Identify verbs in sentences; forms of regular verbs; verb forms: past, present, and future; active and passive voices 2 Identify initial and single consonant sounds, and sound-letter correspondences; Consonants Quick final consonant sounds and sound-letter correspondences; medial consonant Review sounds and sound-letter correspondences; blends and digraphs Identify short vowel sounds and sound-letter correspondences, and correctly 3 Vowels Quick Review read 3-4 letter words; long vowel sounds and sound-letter correspondences; vowel combinations Word Analysis 4 Pronunciation Use phonetic clues and diacritical marks to identify word pronunciation 5 Root Words Root words without spelling changes; root words with spelling changes; Latin and Greek root words; prefixes and suffixes 6 Prefixes and Suffixes The use of prefixes; affixes and suffixes with root words 7 Greek and Latin Words 8 Context Clues Examples and definitions of words with Greek and Latin derivatives Select the correct meaning for unfamiliar words by using pictures or familiar words context clues; use structural analysis to determine the meaning of unknown words Recognize the definition of a word in a sentence; recognize the exact definition of a word in a sentence; positive and negative connotations 9 Connotation & Denotation 10 Multiple Meanings Recognize and understand the multiple meanings of words 11 Compound Words Definition and examples of compound words; students identify compound words; separated and hyphenated compound words 12 Contractions The formation of contractions; identifying differences among plural, possessive, and contraction 13 Common Understanding changes with plurals; verbs; vowel sounds; dropping final e ; Misspellings doubling rule; changing y to i 14 Abbreviations Identify and correctly use abbreviations Essay: Letter writing 15 Synonyms and Definition of synonyms and antonyms; practice finding synonyms and Antonyms antonyms for words; definition of antonyms 16 Word Similarities Changing the first or last letters to form word families, use letter sounds association and sounds to spell words Alphabetize to the third letter; using guide words; how to alphabetize short 17 Alphabetization and long words 99

106 Reading VII Grade Level 7 Comprehension 18 Main Ideas and Identify main idea and details; recognize the title as a source of the main idea; Details determine the key words and topic sentence Essay: Expository writing 19 Sequencing and Put in order of sequence; students read clues and decide what could happen Outcomes next in a story; chronological order and spatial order Essay: Narrative Writing 20 Classifying Definition of classifying; students classify various groups of items; finding Information general to specific order; sub-groups 21 Compare and Definition and examples of comparing and contrasting ideas, events, Essay: Compare and Contrast characters, etc.; transitions Contrast writing 22 Definition and examples of summary; students read a story and identify points Summarizing and to be included in a summary; the process of going from a specific account to Paraphrasing general statements; paraphrasing; avoiding plagiarism Identify facts and opinions, idioms, and sense words; choose significant details 23 Fact and Opinion which do or do not support the main idea; identify information which gives Essay: Expository writing support for opinions; verifying facts 24 Propaganda and Bias Identify propaganda and bias; bandwagon; testimonials 25 Cause and Effect 26 Common Expressions 27 Purpose in Writing 28 Point of View 29 Fiction 30 Elements of Fiction Definitions of cause and effect; students identify various causes and effects by reading clues; short and long term effects Everyday sayings, proverbs, and common abbreviations Distinguish the author s purpose; narrative, descriptive, expository, and persuasive writing Recognizing points of view; first person, second person, third person, and narrator Understand elements of nonfiction; definition and examples of historical fiction; understanding the elements of time and setting Use major elements of story structure; exciting force; rising and falling action; complications Literary Skills 31 Literary Terms Identify the elements of flashback and foreshadowing; mood and tone 32 Fables and Folktales Definition and examples of fables, folktales, and tall tales; fantasy Essay: Expository writing Essay: Narrative Writing CV Videos Essay: Writer's Choice Essay: Narrative Writing 100

107 Reading VII Grade Level 7 33 Nonfiction Understand elements of nonfiction; essay; autobiography and biography; narratives Essay: Narrative Writing Identify the important elements in newspaper articles; lead sentences; topic 34 Newspaper Writing sentences; concluding sentences; using the inverted pyramid to answer five Essay: Narrative Writing W questions 35 Poetry Poetry; ballad; sonnet; free verse; imagery in poetry; lyric poetry 36 Plays Identify the elements of a drama: tragedy and comedy; script; stage directions; playwrights; tragic hero; tragic flaw; melodrama 37 Figurative Language Identifying and correctly using metaphors and similes 1 38 Figurative Language Identifying and correctly using similes, hyperbole, and personification; 2 alliteration, onomatopoeia, oxymorons, and contradictions 39 Analogies Examples of analogies; relationships of words; logic 40 Special Vocabulary Words common to math, science, government, transportation, other languages, weather, space, business, theatre, and ecology 101

108 Reading VIII Grade Level 8 1 Consonants Quick Students identify consonant-vowel patterns that help determine pronunciation; Review letters with two sounds; blends, digraphs, and diphthongs Essay: Activity 2 Verbs Quick Review Identify the principle parts of verbs; action and state of being verbs; tenses; participles Essay: Narrative Writing Word Analysis 3 Sight Vocabulary High frequency words that students recognize on sight 4 Common Understanding changes with plurals; verbs; vowel sounds; rules for spelling Misspellings tricky words; exceptions to spelling rules Essay: Activity 5 Root Words Root words without spelling changes; root words with spelling changes 6 Prefixes Correctly use the prefixes pre-, en-, non-, mis-, non-, in- and im-, dis-, anti-, sub-, re-, etc.; meanings of prefixes 7 Suffixes Definition and examples of suffixes; meaning of various suffixes; correct use of the suffixes -ible, -able, -ful, -ment, -y, -ly and -ily Essay: Activity 8 Greek and Latin Words Examples and definitions of root words with Greek and Latin derivatives 9 Compound Words Definition and examples of compound words; students identify compound words Essay: Illustration 10 Synonyms Definition of synonyms; students practice finding synonyms for words; using the thesaurus as a source for synonyms 11 Antonyms Definition and examples of antonyms; students identify antonyms in sentences 12 Homophones Definition of homophones; looking for clues in a sentence that indicate which homophone should be used Essay: Expository 13 Word Similarities Review of homographs; using context to determine meaning and word pronunciation 14 Contractions Contractions by verb groups: has, will, us, are, would, and have; negative contractions Essay: Activity 15 Word Families Changing the first letter or letters to form word families Essay: Activity 16 Analogies Discovering the commonality that creates an analogy; analogies on standardized tests Essay: Activity 17 Connotation & Recognize the definition of a word in a sentence; recognize the exact definition Denotation of a word in a sentence; make an inference based on feelings and motives 18 Multiple Meanings Increasing reading comprehension by understanding words with multiple meanings; using context clues to determine word meaning 19 Alphabetization Tips for alphabetizing; alphabetizing abbreviations 102

109 Reading VIII Grade Level 8 20 Core Subject Words Definition and examples of core subject words, including: math, science, language arts, computer, social studies, art, and drama Essay: Research 21 Order and Sequence Students determine order of events; students read clues and decide what could happen next in a story Essay: Narrative Writing 22 Identify main idea and details; recognize the title as a source of the main idea; Main Ideas and determine the key words and topic sentence; the position of the topic sentence Details in a paragraph Essay: Descriptive Writing 23 Fact and Opinion 24 Cause and Effect Identify facts and opinions, idioms, and sense words; choose significant details which do or do not support the main idea; identify information which gives support for opinions; verifying facts Definitions of cause and effect; students identify various causes and effects by reading clues; short and long term effects Definition and examples of comparing and contrasting ideas, events, characters, etc.; the thesis statement; similarities and differences Essay: Narrative Writing 25 Compare and Contrast 26 Classifying Information Definition of classifying; students classify various groups of items 27 Characterization Identifying clues about character traits Essay: Narrative Writing Definition and examples of summary; students read a story and identify points 28 Summarizing to be included in a summary; the process of going from a specific account to general statements; students will retell a story in their own words; paraphrasing; avoiding plagiarism; generalizations 29 Predicting Outcomes 30 Common Expressions 31 Newspaper Writing 32 Elements of Fiction Make an inference based on drawing conclusions; logic and character s actions in making inferences Everyday humorous sayings, proverbs, and common abbreviations; using euphemisms in informal language Elements of newspaper reporting; answer the who, what, when, where, why and how questions in a reading; identify propaganda and bias; headlines, bylines, and datelines; propaganda techniques including: loaded words, transfer, and unreliable testimonials Categories of fiction; elements of fiction including: rising action, climax, falling action, resolution, characters, setting, and theme; historical science and realistic fiction 33 Purpose in Writing Distinguish the author s purpose; writing for a specific or a general purpose Essay: Illustrations CV Videos 103

110 Reading VIII Grade Level 8 34 Nonfiction Identify elements of nonfictional writing; biography, autobiography, essay, newspaper, and historical accounts Recognizing point of view; first person, second person, third person, and 35 Point of View narrator; understand elements of nonfiction; third person omniscient narrator Essay: Activity and third person limited narrator Literary Skills 36 Folklore Definition and examples of fables, folktales, and tall tales; tricksters; symbols Essay: Narrative Writing 37 Poetry 1 Poetry; ballad; sonnet; lyric; narrative; limerick; free verse; identify the elements of a farce and satire; irony and parody; oxymorons; rhythm patterns in poetry 38 Poetry 2 Characteristics of narrative poetry; heroic adventures; importance of rhyming in narrative poetry Essay: Narrative Writing 39 Plays Identify the elements of a drama, tragedy, and comedy; scenes and acts Essay: Letter writing 40 Literary Devices 41 Figurative Language 42 Figure of Speech Review Identify elements of mood and tone; identify flashback as a literary tool; identify foreshadowing and imagery as literary tools; mood and tone Identifying and correctly using metaphors and similes; identifying and correctly using similes, hyperbole, and personification; using alliteration and onomatopoeia Review of overstatement and understatement; analogy; irony, hyperbole, personification, clichés, euphemisms, and doublespeak Essay: Activity Essay: Activity 104

111 English Literature IX XII Grade Levels 9 12 GlobalCourseware English Literature IX XII introduces students to the following: reading of a broad range of classic works of literature novels plays short stories understanding and appreciation of literary works structured study of the human condition exploration of the universal themes of literature application of literature to life today literary terms, devices, and forms comprehension through concrete questions comprehension through higher-order thinking skills comprehension through synthesizing learning into new ideas and concepts use of study aids 105

112 Literature and English Skills Grade Levels IX XII The GlobalCourseware Literature and English Skills courses are an integrated series of titles for grade levels Combining instruction in the areas of Reading, Vocabulary, and Language Usage, the English Skills courseware provides a complete High School English course when coupled with the companion Literature titles. The GlobalCourseware Literature courses are composed of four titles that represent a guided study of a broad range of classic works of literature. The complete text of each of these classic works is presented within the lesson. Each lesson provides an introduction to the chapters that will be read and provides interactive study aids similar to a reference library in a classroom. Literature and English Skills is presented as a collection of year-long courses. All lessons contain a study guide, a practice test, and mastery test. Most lessons have an essay or constructed response. Lessons include a variety of essay types such as descriptive, persuasive, expository, and letter writing. Students will also complete a self-evaluation form to assess their performance. These courses are certified by MetaMetrics with a Lexile score. 106

113 Literature and English Skills Grade Levels IX XII Some courses are enriched by Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition (EB) workspaces that contain learning materials. Learning materials may contain articles, games, images, maps, and/or videos. The content in these courses is designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) for the Standards of English Language Arts. The Literature lessons provide a broad exposure to literature, enabling the student to acquire the necessary skills to understand and appreciate literature for a lifetime. Students will study the human condition through the exploration of the universal themes of literature, literary terms, devices and forms, and their application to life. The Usage component of both the Literature and English Skills titles offers extensive focus on the convention of writing which includes parts of speech, proper sentence structure, and sentence diagramming. Students are taught to identify grammar pitfalls that include subject/verb disagreement, tense shifts, double negatives, fragments and run-on sentences, parallelism, and misused words. Sentence mechanics are addressed in each course. Lessons also provide instruction on capitalization and punctuation. 107

114 Literature and English Skills Grade Levels IX XII The Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition has teacher resources and student learning materials. The materials include a wide range of interactive lessons, research projects, animations, and worksheets that support many GlobalCourseware lessons. Each workspace may contain an article, diagram, study guide, video, or interactive media. The launch icon for EB objects is located at the top of the GC screen in the study guide section. 108

115 Literature and English Skills Grade Levels IX XII Software Web Browser Plug-ins Media Player EB Third Party Content EB, PDFs EB Recommendation Software Requirements Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher or Safari 2.0 or higher Adobe Flash Player Adobe Shockwave Player Adobe Reader Java 1.41 or higher Quicktime or Link for Download (select Get ADOBE FLASH PLAYER) (select Get SHOCKWAVE PLAYER) (select Get ADOBE READER) normally installed with your GlobalCourseware client Windows Media Player For further exploration, resource links to the Internet may be provided in some lessons. An Internet connection is required to utilize the EB components of the GlobalCourseware. A Four-Step Approach: Study Guide, Practice Test, Mastery Test, and Essay, defines the instructional environment. The Study Guide module provides a text- and graphics-based delivery of material that is reinforced by pictures and diagrams supported by a wealth of content. Study Guides teach the concepts and skills associated with each lesson. A number of the Study Guide pages have specific, interactive feedback that will assist students in solving problems or understanding concepts. The Practice Test module allows students to practice the skills learned in the Study Guide section. The student has instant access to the study material for reference. 109

116 Literature and English Skills Grade Levels IX XII In the Mastery Test module, the student takes a scored examination and then electronically submits the test. The results are recorded in the GlobalCourseware Management System. The Essay module allows the student to compose individual, free-form answers to a wide variety of questions and problems. The Literature and English Skills courses each contain a variety of lessons and differ in length, grade level, and available features. Listed below are the courses found within the curriculum planning manual. Course Name Number of Lessons Length of Course in Semesters Grade Levels Lexile Measure English Literature IX Yes English Literature X Yes English Literature XI Yes English Literature XII Yes English Skills IX Yes English Skills X Yes English Skills XI Yes English Skills XII Yes 110

117 English Literature IX Grade Level 9 The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Introduction The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is the story of Dr. Jekyll, a respected scientist in nineteenth century London. The theme of good versus evil is used to illustrate the changes in Jekyll's character. Chapter 1 - Story of the Door: Mr. Utterson and his cousin, Mr. Enfield, take 1 Chapters 1-2 their weekly Sunday walk and discuss a man named Edward Hyde who had trampled a young girl in the street. Essay: Descriptive Chapter 2 - Search for Mr. Hyde: Mr. Utterson meets Hyde in the street outside the building and is disappointed to find Dr. Jekyll is not at home. 2 Chapters Chapters Chapters 9-10 Introduction 1 Books 1-2 Chapter 3 - Dr. Jekyll Was Quite at Ease: Dr. Jekyll hosts a dinner party at his home for some of his friends, and Utterson expresses his dislike for Hyde. Chapter 4 - The Carew Murder Case: All of London talks about the murder of Sir Danvers Carew, witnessed by a maidservant looking out her window. Chapter 5 - Incident of the Letter: Mr. Utterson discovers some surprising information about Dr. Jekyll in a letter Jekyll asked him to keep. Chapter 6 - Remarkable Incident of Dr. Lanyon: Dr. Jekyll hosts another dinner party at his home; days later, Jekyll and Lanyon become very ill. Chapter 7 - Incident at the Window: Mr. Utterson and Mr. Enfield walk past Dr. Jekyll's house and witness a shocking accident. They quickly leave the scene. Chapter 8 - The Last Night: Dr. Jekyll's butler and Utterson make an astonishing discovery about Jekyll. Chapter 9 - Dr. Lanyon's Narrative: Dr. Lanyon reveals he has received a letter from Dr. Jekyll asking for help. Chapter 10 - Henry Jekyll's Full Statement of the Case: All the mysteries of the story are revealed to the reader and illustrate the duality theme and Jekyll's struggle with Mr. Hyde. The Odyssey Using flashback, Odysseus shares accounts of the obstacles he faces in returning home from the Trojan War. Book 1 Athene Intervenes: On Mount Olympus, Athene tells Zeus that Odysseus should leave the island of Calypso. Book 2 - Telemachus Is Called into Action: Telemachus calls the people together and begins a search for his father. Essay: Persuasive Essay: Compare and Contrast Essay: Persuasive Essay: Descriptive 111

118 English Literature IX Grade Level 9 Book 3 - Telemachus and Nestor Meet: King Nestor relates a story of the 2 Books 3-4 Trojan War and offers to help Telemachus in his search for his father. Book 4 - Telemachus Conferences with Menelaus at Sparta: Telemachus Essay: Expository meets with Menelaus who says Odysseus is held captive on the island of Calypso. 3 Books Books Books Books Books Books Book 5 - Calypso Frees Odysseus: Odysseus is attacked by Poseidon, thrown into the sea, and washes up on the shore of Phaecia. Book 6 - The Phaeacians Aid Odysseus: Odysseus finally awakens on the shore of Phaecia and approaches Princess Nausicaa. Book 7 - Odysseus Presents Himself to the King: The king invites Odysseus to a banquet and offers to help Odysseus get safely home. Book 8 - The Hospitality of the Phaeacians: Odysseus takes part in an athletic competition and tells people at a banquet about his adventures since leaving Troy. Book 9 - The Land of the Cyclops: Odysseus describes the Lotus Eaters and the herdsman and relates the story of the Cyclops. Book 10 - Aeolus and Circe: Odysseus describes how he met Aeolus, the Keeper of the Winds, and how his men were caught in a hurricane, destroying their ship. Book 11 - The Journey to Hades: Odysseus tells how he traveled "to the furthest edge of Ocean's stream to the land to which all journey when they die." Book 12 - More Perils on the Way Home: Odysseus relates how he and his men went past the Sirens near the cliff where Scylla is located and is again shipwrecked. Book 13 - The Return to Ithaca: The King orders his men to return Odysseus to Ithaca. Odysseus arrives disguised as a beggar. Book 14 - Odysseus as a Beggar: The swineherd, Eumaeus, welcomes the disguised Odysseus and gives him a meal and a place to sleep. Book 15 - Telemachus Goes Home: Athene tells Telemachus to go home and warns him about the ambush planned by the wooers. Book 16 - Father and Son Reunited: Telemachus manages to avoid the ambush of the wooers and meets the disguised Odysseus. Odysseus' true identity is not discovered until later. Essay: Persuasive Essay: Descriptive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Expository Essay: Compare and Contrast Essay: Compare and Contrast 112

119 English Literature IX Grade Level 9 Book 17 - Odysseus Arrives at the Palace: Odysseus arrives in town dressed 9 Books beggar and breaks the man's jaw. as a beggar. No one recognizes his true identity. Book 18 - The Wooers Torment Odysseus: Odysseus argues with a real Essay: Descriptive 10 Books Books Books Introduction 1 Act I, Scenes 1-5 Book 19 - Penelope and the Beggar Meet: Odysseus, in disguise, talks to Penelope and is finally recognized by some of the servants. Book 20 - Odysseus' Plan: Zeus gives Odysseus a sign the next day, and a prophet tells the suitors of a vision of the future. Book 21 - Contest for the Wooers: Penelope announces she will marry the man who can string the bow. Odysseus asks if he can try. Book 22 - The Death of the Wooers: Odysseus shoots Antinous in the throat with an arrow and fights the wooers with Telemachus. Book 23 - Odysseus and Penelope's Reunion: The mansion burns and Penelope tests Odysseus to prove his true identity. Book 24 - Peace Comes to Ithaca: Odysseus travels to the country to rescue his father, King Laertes, and has to again fight the wooers with Telemachus. Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet face powerful opposition to their love as their families, the Montagues and Capulets, engage in an age-old feud. Neither family is willing to end their violent confrontations with one another. Romeo attends a party given by Juliet's family and meets Juliet. They are immediately drawn to each other. 2 Act II, Scenes 1-6 Romeo and Juliet realize they love each other and secretly marry. 3 Act III, Scenes Act IV, Scenes Act V, Scenes 1-3 Tybalt kills Mercutio in a duel. Romeo slays Tybalt and is banished from the city. Juliet is broken hearted. Juliet meets with Friar Laurence and tells him about the situation with Romeo. The friar develops a plan to help Romeo and Juliet. Romeo consults an apothecary and returns to Verona. Several twists of fate end Romeo and Juliet's tragic love. Essay: Expository Essay: Persuasive Essay: Expository Essay: Descriptive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive 113

120 English Literature IX Grade Level A Tale of Two Cities Introduction A Tale of Two Cities describes the lives of the main characters, Charles Darnay, Dr. Manette, and his daughter, Lucie Manette, during the French Revolution. The story depicts the struggles between the common people and the noble class. Chapter 1 - The Period: The narrator describes the political, social, and economic conditions in France and England in Chapter 2 - The Mail: On a cold November night, a mail coach travels toward Book 1 Chapters Dover, England. A rider approaches the coach and delivers a strange message 1-3 to one of the passengers. Essay: Expository Chapter 3 - The Night Shadows: The passengers in the coach keep their secrets to themselves, including the passenger who received the curious message from the rider. Book 1 Chapters 4-6 Book 2 Chapters 1-3 Book 2 Chapters 4-6 Chapter 4 - The Preparation: Mr. Jarvis Lorry arrives in Dover and meets with a visitor he is expecting. Chapter 5 - The Wine-shop: Ernest and Madame Defarge own a wine-shop and are soon to host an important family reunion. Chapter 6 - The Shoemaker: The shoemaker, and the events of his life, is shown as a central figure in the novel. Chapter 1 - Five Years Later: Mr. Lorry helps the shoemaker leave France and five years pass. Mr. Lorry now works at Tellson's Bank, a center of business activity in London. Chapter 2 - A Sight: A clerk at Tellson's Bank sends Jerry to the Bailey courts to wait for a message from Mr. Lorry. Mr. Lorry attends the treason trial of Charles Darnay. Chapter 3 - A Disappointment: Evidence at the trial relates to Mr. Lorry's trip from France five years earlier. Chapter 4 - Congratulatory: Charles Darnay is found innocent of the charge of treason. Chapter 5 - The Jackal: A conversation occurs between C.J. Stryver and his assistant, Sydney Carton. Chapter 6 - Hundreds of People: Mr. Lorry visits the Manette home and talks to Miss Pross, the Manette family nurse. Essay: Expository Essay: Compare and Contrast Essay: Persuasive 114

121 English Literature IX Grade Level Chapter 7 - Monseigneur in Town: A French nobleman, the Marquis, hits a child in his coach. His reaction demonstrates the attitude of the French nobility toward the common people. Chapter 8 - Monseigneur in the Country: The Marquis leaves Paris on his Book 2 Chapters journey to his country home. He ignores the needs of the poor people who live 7-9 Essay: Persuasive in and around a village near his home. Chapter 9 - The Gorgon's Head: The Marquis receives a visit at his home by his nephew, Charles Darnay. They discuss the social conditions of the people of France. Book 2 Chapters Book 2 Chapters Book 2 Chapters Chapter 10 - Two Promises: Darnay plans to ask Dr. Manette for permission to marry Lucie Manette. Chapter 11 - A Companion Picture: C.J. Stryver and Sydney Carton visit in Stryver's law office, and Stryver tells Carton he is considering marriage. Chapter 12 - The Fellow Delicacy: Stryver decides to go to the Manette home and asks Lucie to marry him. Mr. Lorry offers a suggestion as to how Stryver should proceed with the marriage proposal. Chapter 13 - The Fellow of No Delicacy: Sydney Carton talks to Lucie about his lonely life and his feelings toward her. Chapter 14 - The Honest Tradesman: Jerry tells his wife that he has to go out on an errand. Jerry's son follows his father at a distance. Chapter 15 - Knitting: The mender of roads relates the story of Gaspard, and his murder of the Marquis who killed his child. Chapter 16 - Still Knitting: The wine-shop becomes a center of activity for the planning of the French Revolution. A spy tells the Defarges news about Charles Darnay and the Manette family. Chapter 17 - One Night: Lucie and Charles Darnay plan to marry the next day. Lucie spends the evening visiting with her father, Dr. Manette. Chapter 18 - Nine Days: On the day of his wedding, Charles Darnay talks privately with Dr. Manette. Manette is concerned about something Darnay tells him. Essay: Descriptive Essay: Expository Essay: Compare and Contrast 115

122 English Literature IX Grade Level Chapter 19 - An Opinion: Mr. Lorry visits Dr. Manette to ask his medical advice about one of Lorry's friends. The doctor leaves to join Lucie and her husband on their honeymoon. Book 2 Chapters Chapter 20 - A Plea: Lucie and Charles Darnay return from their honeymoon, Essay: Descriptive and Sydney Carton is the first person to visit the couple. Chapter 21 - Echoing Footsteps: Lucie and Charles have a happy marriage. They soon have a daughter named Lucie. Book 2 Chapters Book 3 Chapters 1-3 Book 3 Chapters 4-6 Book 3 Chapters 7-9 Chapter 22 - The Sea Still Rises: Weeks after the French Revolution begins, the revolutionaries plan how to kidnap and kill the governor of the district. Chapter 23 - Fire Rises: All of France is in an uproar as the French Revolution continues. People from the village watch the home of the Marquis burn to the ground. Chapter 24 - Drawn to the Loadstone Rock: Mr. Lorry plans to go to France and work in the Tellson Branch in Paris. Darnay receives a letter from an old friend in France asking for his help. Chapter 1 - In Secret: Darnay encounters many difficulties during his journey in France. He is taken into custody by revolutionary guards. Chapter 2 - The Grindstone: Lucie and Dr. Manette visit Mr. Lorry and tell of Charles' arrest. Chapter 3 - The Shadow: Mr. Lorry finds a Paris apartment for Lucie and her family to live in and leaves Jerry to protect the Manette family. Chapter 4 - Calm in Storm: Dr. Manette treats prisoners in three different prisons. Many people, including the King and Queen of France are executed on La Guillotine. Chapter 5 - The Wood-sawyer: Lucie waits for one year and three months while her husband is held in La Force Prison. She becomes friends with a woodsawyer who works nearby. Chapter 6 - Triumph: Charles Darnay's trial begins and the jury votes to set him free. Chapter 7 - A Knock at the Door: The Manettes continue to live in Paris and survive the trying times. Four guards arrest Charles Darnay. Chapter 8 - A Hand at Cards: At the market, Jerry Cruncher and Miss Pross see a man they recognize and accuse him of being a spy. Chapter 9 - The Game Made: Carton tells Lorry that he has a plan to help Charles Darnay. Essay: Persuasive Essay: Expository Essay: Persuasive Essay: Descriptive 116

123 14 15 English Literature IX Grade Level 9 Chapter 10 - The Substance of the Shadow: The testimony at Charles Darnay's trial involves an incident from years ago that involves the Marquis, the Defarges, and Charles Darnay's family. Book 3 Chapters Chapter 11 - Dusk: Darnay's trial ends in conviction and a death sentence Carton and Mr. Lorry both agree that nothing can save Charles Darnay. Essay: Expository Chapter 12 - Darkness: Madame tells the people in the wine-shop that she plans to denounce Lucie. Carton tells Mr. Lorry that he has a plan to help the Manette family and to save Charles Darnay. Book 3 Chapters The Locket 2 The Masque of the Red Death Chapter 13 - Fifty-two: On the day of Charles Darnay's execution, events dramatically change the lives of many of the characters, including Darnay, Carton, and the Manette family. Chapter 14 - The Knitting Done: Madame Defarge and her friends hold a meeting at the wine-shop, and she decides to go to the Manette apartment and confront Lucie. Chapter 15 - The Footsteps Die Out For Ever: A large crowd waits in the streets of Paris for the executions to begin. The author reveals the present and future fate of all the characters. Short Stories "The Locket" is set during the Civil War, which was fought between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North. The main theme of "The Masque of the Red Death" is fear of the inevitable as the Prince and his guests attempt to hide from death. They are foolish to believe they can escape by locking themselves inside. Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive 117

124 English Literature X Grade Level 10 The Jungle Introduction The families of Jurgis Rudkus and Ona Lukoszaite face many obstacles after immigrating to America from Lithuania in the early 1900s. They are defenseless against those people who take advantage of their situation. Chapter 1: Ona Lukoszaite and Jurgis Rudkus celebrate their wedding in 1 Chapters 1-2 journey to America. Packingtown, located in the stockyards of Chicago. Chapter 2: The characters think about their lives in Lithuania and their Essay: Persuasive 2 Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapter 3: - Jokubas Szedvilas considers the journey to America. Others view him as an example of the wonderful opportunities in America. Chapter 4: Jurgis and family members find jobs and consider buying a house. Chapter 5: The family buys a new house and furniture as Jurgis works long, hard hours. Chapter 6: Jurgis and Ona make plans to get married in the fall. Ona takes a job to make extra money for the wedding. Chapter 7: Jurgis and Ona marry in November. Ona and many of the children are sick from the cold, damp working and living conditions. Chapter 8: A representative of the butcher's union talks to Jurgis about joining the union. All the members of the family soon join. Chapter 9: Jurgis learns about the inner workings of Packingtown from union members. He discovers the plants process diseased animals and use chemicals in the meat. Chapter 10: Ona's problems at work continue to worsen. She has a baby, Antanas, named after Jurgis' deceased father. Chapter 11: The living conditions of the family improve and more money is put into a savings account at the bank. Jurgis injures himself on the job and is unable to return to work. Chapter 12: The winter is bitterly cold and the family plunges into yet another crisis as Jonas disappears one day and never returns to the family. Chapter 13: Jurgis takes a job at the fertilizer plant, and the children sell newspapers on the street. Chapter 14: Ona continues to struggle at her job. She is expecting another child, but her and Jurgis's relationship is dissolving. Chapter 15: Jurgis learns that a factory boss named Connor has sexually assaulted Ona. Jurgis attacks Connor and is arrested. Essay: Descriptive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Compare and Contrast 118

125 English Literature X Grade Level 10 Chapter 16: Jurgis is charged with assault and battery and begins to resent 7 Chapters the bitter financial struggles the family faces. Packingtown for destroying his family. Chapter 17: Stanislovas, Elzbieta's son, visits Jurgis in jail and tells Jurgis of Essay: Persuasive 8 Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapter 18: Jurgis is released from prison and finds Ona in premature labor with their second child. He has no money for a doctor. Chapter 19: Jurgis finds a midwife and goes to a saloon where he receives some free food and drink. He returns home to bad news about Ona and the baby. Chapter 20: Jurgis stays continually drunk and finds a job at a harvester works plant that lasts only nine days. Chapter 21: A social worker offers to help with food for the family and helps Jurgis get a job at a steel mill plant. Chapter 22: Jurgis' young son, Antanas, dies. Jurgis walks out of the house and gets on a passing freight train which carries him into the country, far from the horrors and problems of Packingtown. Chapter 23: Jurgis returns to Chicago and is seriously injured in an accident. The injuries force him to beg for food on the streets. Chapter 24: Jurgis meets a wealthy young man collecting illegal wages from companies to give to an Irish politician named Halloran. Chapter 26: Jurgis becomes the boss in the killing rooms at the Durham Plant during a strike. Chapter 27: The police raid the house where Marija works as a prostitute, and Jurgis is taken to the police station. Chapter 28: Jurgis is released and stops at a hall where a meeting is being held. He is fascinated by what the speaker is saying. Chapter 29: Jurgis learns that the Socialists want to fight the power of the Beef Trust. Chapter 30: Jurgis becomes enthusiastic about the concepts and prospects of Socialism helping workers in the packing plants. Chapter 31: Jurgis is asked to attend a meeting at the home of a Socialist millionaire named Fisher. The Socialists make huge gains in the election. Essay: Descriptive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Compare and Contrast Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive 119

126 English Literature X Grade Level 10 Julius Caesar Introduction Julius Caesar is in a powerful position to seize control of the country, yet he must deal with the suspicions of the Senate and the constant fighting between other military leaders before he achieves his ambitious goals. 1 Act I, Scenes 1-3 Caesar celebrates his military defeat of Pompey but receives a warning from a soothsayer about future events. Essay: Expository 2 Act II, Scenes 1-4 Men plot Caesar's assassination and meet with Brutus. Caesar's wife persuades him not to go to the Senate, but one of the conspirators convinces him to Essay: Descriptive change his mind. 3 Act III, Scenes Act IV, Scenes Act V, Scenes 1-5 Introduction 1 Chapters 1-4 Although both Artemidorus and the soothsayer try to warn Caesar, their warnings are of no use and Caesar goes to the senate. He is murdered by a conspirator. The Roman Empire is in a state of confusion as the supporters and enemies of Caesar prepare to fight each other. The leaders of both sides meet to discuss a peaceful settlement, but the fighting begins and some of the leaders commit suicide. Great Expectations In Great Expectations, the main character of the story, Pip, learns to value friendship over wealth and power. Chapter 1: Pip lives with his older sister and her husband. He is visiting the graves of his parents and is threatened by an escaped convict. Chapter 2: When Pip gets home, his sister is angry because he has worried her. The next morning Pip gathers supplies for the convict. Chapter 3: Pip finds the convict and gives him the supplies. Chapter 4: Pip lies to his sister about where he has been, and no one has discovered that he has stolen anything. Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive 120

127 English Literature X Grade Level 10 Chapter 5: Pip's sister discovers the missing food. Pip is afraid the convict will reveal his secret. Chapter 6: When Pip and his brother-in-law return home, they tell the family about their adventure. 2 Chapters 5-9 Chapter 7: Pip goes to school where he meets a girl named Biddy. Pip's sister returns from the market with news that a wealthy woman named Miss Essay: Persuasive Havisham needs a playmate for her ward. Chapter 8: Pip goes to Miss Havisham's home and meets her beautiful ward, Estella, who is about Pip's age. Chapter 9: Pip's sister is curious about his visit to Miss Havisham's home, but he is reluctant to tell her the story. 3 Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapter 10: Pip wants Estella to like him, and he wants to become educated. Chapter 11: Pip visits Miss Havisham's house again where Estella introduces him to some of her other relatives. Pip goes into the garden where he gets into a fight with another boy. Chapter 12: Pip goes to Miss Havisham's house every other day and tells her that he wants to be better educated. Miss Havisham eventually decides Pip needs to become Joe's apprentice. Chapter 13: Joe and Pip go to see Miss Havisham and she gives Joe money for Pip's services. Chapter 14: Pip begins to work as an apprentice and realizes he is ashamed of his home. Chapter 15: Pip stops going to school, but he continues to find ways to learn. He discovers his sister has been badly injured in an accident. Chapter 16: Pip's sister must stay in bed because of her injuries. Biddy comes to live with the family and help with chores and care for Mrs. Joe. Chapter 17: Pip becomes friends with Biddy, who tells Pip she thinks Orlick likes her, which disturbs Pip. Chapter 18: After Pip has been an apprentice for four years, a lawyer, Mr. Jaggers, tells him that someone has offered to support him financially. Chapter 19: Pip goes to the tailor, Mr. Trabb, to get some new clothes and then goes to visit Miss Havisham to say goodbye. Chapter 20: When Pip arrives in London, he goes directly to Mr. Jaggers' busy office. Essay: Persuasive Essay: Descriptive Essay: Expository Essay: Compare and Contrast 121

128 English Literature X Grade Level 10 Chapter 21: Pip finds a place to live and meets Herbert Pocket, whom he thinks he has met somewhere before. 7 Chapters Chapter 23: Pip meets the Pocket family and two students, Drummle and Startop. Chapter 22: Herbert and Pip become friends, and Herbert tells Pip about Miss Havisham's background. Essay: Persuasive 8 Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapter 24: Pip goes back to London and meets with Mr. Jaggers about his living arrangements. He is invited to visit Wemmick's home. Chapter 25: Pip tells Herbert how he feels about the two students he met at the family dinner. Chapter 26: Pip and Herbert are invited to dinner at Mr. Jaggers' house, where Drummle and Startop are also guests. Chapter 27: Joe sends a letter to Pip telling him he and Mr. Wopsle are coming to London, and he wants to visit. Joe tells Pip that Miss Havisham wants to see him and that Estella is back in town. Chapter 28: Pip goes by coach to see Miss Havisham and recognizes two of the other passengers as convicts. He avoids talking to them. Chapter 29: Pip finds Miss Havisham visiting with a woman he later recognizes as Estella. Chapter 30: Pip tells Herbert about his visit with Miss Havisham and Estella and confesses he has always loved Estella. Chapter 31: Pip and Herbert watch Mr. Wopsle's play, which turns out to be quite bad, and they have dinner together. Chapter 32: Pip receives word that Estella will be arriving the next day on a coach. He plans to meet her at the station. Chapter 33: Estella tells Pip she will be staying with a family in Richmond and asks him to visit her as much as possible. Pip is sad when he has to leave. Chapter 34: Pip and Herbert are deeply in debt. Pip gets a letter telling him that his sister has passed away, and he leaves for her funeral. Chapter 35: After the funeral, Pip takes a walk with Biddy. She tells him of her plans to become the mistress of the new school. Essay: Descriptive Essay: Expository Essay: Persuasive Essay: Expository 122

129 English Literature X Grade Level 10 Chapter 36: On his twenty-first birthday, Pip visits Mr. Jaggers and asks the identity of his benefactor. Jaggers refuses to tell him. 12 Chapters Chapter 38: Pip visits Estella in Richmond and escorts her and the women she lives with to parties and other social gatherings. Chapter 37: Pip goes to Mr. Wemmick's house for dinner, where he meets a woman named Miss Skiffins. Essay: Persuasive 13 Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapter 39: Several years later, while Pip is at home, an old man comes to his door asking for Pip. Pip soon recognizes him as the convict and realizes this man is his benefactor. Chapter 40: The next morning, Pip stumbles over someone lying at the bottom of the stairs, but the man runs away before Pip can talk to him. Chapter 41: Herbert helps Pip find a place for the convict to live, and the two discuss what to do next. Chapter 42: The convict, Magwitch, talks about his childhood and the events that caused his prison term. Chapter 43: Pip decides to leave the country with Magwitch but first goes to visit Estella. He finds she has gone back to Miss Havisham's. Chapter 44: Pip arrives at Miss Havisham's home and confronts her with the information he learned from Magwitch. He professes his love to Estella. Chapter 45: Pip goes to visit Wemmick the next morning, and Wemmick warns Pip about Magwitch's safety. Chapter 46: Pip and Herbert go to the apartments where Magwitch stays, telling the others he is Mr. Campbell. Chapter 47: Pip decides to go to a play that Mr. Wopsle is in. After the show, Wopsle tells Pip some disturbing news. Chapter 48: Pip goes to dinner at Mr. Jaggers' house, who tells Pip that Miss Havisham wants to see him about a business matter. Chapter 49: Pip goes to Miss Havisham's house, and she tells him she is sorry for the way she treated him. Later, Pip finds Miss Havisham's life is in danger. Essay: Expository Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive 123

130 English Literature X Grade Level 10 Chapter 50: Pip is injured trying to help Miss Havisham. Herbert tells him Magwitch revealed the story of the woman he would not talk about earlier. Chapter 51: Pip goes to see Mr. Jaggers and tells him of his business with 17 Chapters alone to the marshes back in his own village. Chapter 53: Pip obeys the instructions and goes to the marshes, where he is attacked and tied up. Miss Havisham and the revelation of Estella's parentage. Chapter 52: Pip plans to see Wemmick, but a note arrives saying he must go Essay: Narrative 18 Chapters Chapters Introduction 1 Chapters 1-3 Chapter 54: Pip and Magwitch plan to leave the country by boat and spend the night at a public house. Some men come who are looking for Magwitch. Chapter 55: Herbert tells Pip he is now a partner in the business and will move to Cairo, Egypt, and offers Pip a job in the company. Chapter 56: Pip visits Magwitch often in prison. Magwitch tells Pip something very important and dies. Chapter 57: Pip is very ill for several days and Joe comes to care for him. He realizes what a good friend Joe has been to him. Chapter 58: Pip returns to his village to help Joe at the forge and finds that things have changed. Pip joins Herbert at the firm in Egypt. Chapter 59: Years later, Pip comes back to see Joe and Biddy and their growing family. Pip tells Biddy that he is over Estella, although it is untrue. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Huck Finn is a young man accustomed to having the freedom to set his own schedule and do what he wants to do. Huck's life changes dramatically when the Widow Douglas adopts him with the intention to make him a proper gentleman. Chapter 1: Huck sneaks out at night with Tom Sawyer at the first opportunity. Chapter 2: Miss Watson's slave, Jim, hears Huck and Tom Sawyer leave the house. They plan to start a robber band with some of their friends. Chapter 3: Huck hears that a drowned man was found floating in the river. Some people believe the dead man is Huck's father. Essay: Descriptive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Compare and Contrast 124

131 English Literature X Grade Level 10 Chapter 4: Huck lives with the Widow Douglas for four months and attends school on a regular basis before he realizes his father (Pap) has returned. Chapter 5: Huck is surprised to see Pap when he returns to his room. Pap is 2 Chapters 4-7 Huck and takes him to a log cabin on the river. Chapter 7: Pap locks Huck in the cabin and leaves for town. Huck manages to escape and floats down the river in a canoe to Jackson Island. upset because Huck is going to school and wearing good clothes. Chapter 6: The Widow Douglas tells Pap to leave her property. Pap kidnaps Essay: Compare and Contrast 3 Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapter 8: People from town believe Huck has drowned. Huck finds Miss Watson's runaway slave Jim is living on the island. Chapter 9: Jim and Huck explore the house they found floating down the river during a flood and find many items they can use on their trip. Chapter 10: Huck decides to go to town to find out some news and stops at a house. He disguises himself as a girl so no one will recognize him. Chapter 11: A lady in town says people believe Jim killed Huck and are going to search Jackson Island. Chapter 12: During a terrible storm, Huck and Jim spot a wrecked steamboat. They sneak on board and hear the voices of robbers. Chapter 13: Jim and Huck lose their raft in a storm but manage to steal a small boat. Chapter 14: Huck and Jim find time to relax for a few days. Huck tells Jim stories about King Solomon and his great wisdom. Chapter 15: Jim wants to reach Cairo, Illinois, where the Ohio River empties into the Mississippi River and seek refuge in the free states. Chapter 16: A steamboat strikes Huck and Jim's raft and tosses them overboard. Huck swims to shore and is unable find Jim. Chapter 17: Huck finds a family who befriends him when they determine Huck is not from the Shepherdson family. Chapter 18: Huck discovers Jim asleep in the swamp. They take a raft and head downriver. Chapter 19: Huck and Jim float downriver and encounter two men claiming to be the Duke of Bridgewater and the son of the King of France. Chapter 20: Huck tells the king and duke he is the son of a farmer and Jim is his family's slave. The group attend a revival. Essay: Descriptive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Expository Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive 125

132 English Literature X Grade Level 10 Chapter 21: The king and duke practice their parts in the Shakespeare play they will present, and they rent the courthouse. 8 Chapters Chapter 23: During the performance, the king appears on stage completely naked. They hastily leave the upset townspeople. Chapter 22: Only twelve people attend the Shakespeare play performed by the duke and the king. Essay: Expository 9 Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapter 24: The king and duke learn of a recently deceased man named Peter Wilks. The men plan to defraud the estate of the money. Chapter 25: The king and duke meet the three Wilks sisters. They study the six thousand dollars and house the girls inherit from the estate. Chapter 26: Huck decides to stop the king and duke from stealing the girls' money. He takes the money from the mattress. Chapter 27: Huck hides the money in Peter Wilks' coffin. The king and duke decide to sell everything including the Wilks family's slaves. Chapter 28: Huck makes plans to save the girls' money as two men from England arrived in town who claimed to be the real brothers of Peter Wilks. Chapter 29: The two men from England have lost their luggage and cannot prove their identity. One of the brothers from England claims he can identify the tattoo on the chest of his deceased brother. They proceed to the cemetery and dig up the coffin. They find the money put there by Huck. The king, duke, and Huck manage to escape during the confusion that follows. Chapter 30: The king is angry at Huck for trying to get away from him, and the king and duke have an argument about losing the money. Chapter 31: The group arrives at Pikesville, a village along the Mississippi River. Huck learns Jim was sold to a farmer named Phelps. Chapter 32: Huck arrives at the Phelps farm to find Jim and learns that Tom Sawyer is on his way. Huck tells the family he will get his luggage and heads back to the village to meet up with Tom. Chapter 33: Huck meets Tom on the way back to Pikesville. Tom thought Huck had been murdered and is glad to see him. The duke and king end up being punished by people in the village. Chapter 34: Huck and Tom work on a plan to help Jim escape. Chapter 35: Tom plans to use case knives instead of a shovel and pick to dig a hole. Essay: Persuasive Essay: Expository Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive 126

133 English Literature X Grade Level 10 Chapter 36: Huck and Tom begin to dig the hole and steal items from the house including tin plates and a brass candlestick. Chapter 37: Aunt Sally notices several items missing from the house, and 13 Chapters Tom develops a plan to confuse her. Chapter 38: Tom's strange plan continues as he decides Jim should have a Essay: Compare and Contrast coat-of-arms. Jim helps them get an old grindstone. Chapter 39: Huck and Tom catch several rats to put in Jim's cell. Aunt Sally's son frees the rats. Aunt Sally beats Tom and Huck for bringing rats into the house. 14 Chapters Chapter 40: Fifteen armed men arrive at the Phelps farm on the night of Jim's escape. Tom is wounded in the escape. Huck gets help while Jim stays with Tom. Chapter 41: Huck finds a doctor to help Tom. The doctor goes to the raft alone while Huck meets Uncle Silas. Huck tells him that Sid (Tom) has gone out to find news about what happened. Chapter 42: The doctor returns the next day with Jim and Tom. Aunt Polly arrives and tells everyone the true identity of Huck and Tom. Chapter 43: Tom reveals Jim is a free man because Miss Watson died and set him free in her will. Essay: Descriptive 127

134 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Moby Dick Introduction Herman Melville, the author of Moby Dick, presents a characterization of Ahab, the captain of the whaling ship Pequod, as a man who truly has an obsession with a great white whale known as Moby Dick. Chapter 1 - Loomings: The narrator, Ishmael, introduces himself at the beginning of the novel as a simple sailor who goes to sea from time to time. Chapter 2 - The Carpet-Bag: Ishmael is headed for Nantucket and plans to 1 Chapters 1-4 join a whaling voyage. Chapter 3 - The Spouter-Inn: The Spouter-Inn, operated by Peter Coffin, is Essay: Expository dirty, run down, and crowded. Ishmael is informed that he will have to share a bed with a harpooner from New Zealand. Chapter 4 - The Counterpane: Ishmael wakes up and meets Queequeg, his roommate, the harpooner from New Zealand. 2 Chapters 5-13 Chapter 5 Breakfast: Ishmael goes downstairs to eat breakfast and notices the sailors look out of place on land. Chapter 6 - The Street: After breakfast, Ishmael takes a walk around New Bedford. He sees people in the streets from many foreign countries on their way to Nantucket because of the whaling industry. Chapter 7 - The Chapel: Ishmael enters a chapel in New Bedford dedicated to whalemen with memorials honoring sailors who lost their lives at sea. Chapter 8 - The Pulpit: Father Mapple, a former harpooner turned preacher, enters the chapel and climbs into the pulpit. Chapter 9 - The Sermon: After calling the congregation to order, Father Mapple begins the sermon, which focuses on the story of Jonah and the whale. Chapter 10 - A Bosom Friend: Ishmael returns to the Spouter-Inn and becomes friends with Queequeg. He joins Queequeg in his idol worship in hopes that Queequeg will join him in Christian worship. Chapter 11 Nightgown: The two new friends share a smoke from Queequeg's tomahawk pipe as Queequeg tells Ishmael the story of his life. Chapter 12 Biographical: Queequeg relates to Ishmael that he is the son of a king and the nephew of a High Priest from the island of Kokovoko. He left his island to see the world and learn about Christianity. Chapter 13 Wheelbarrow: The next morning Ishmael and Queequeg put their belongings in a wheelbarrow and board a ship that will take them to Nantucket. Essay: Descriptive 128

135 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter 14 - Nantucket: Ishmael and Queequeg stop at an inn recommended by Peter Coffin. Chapter 15 - Chowder: Ishmael and Queequeg stop at the Try Pots Inn and meet Hosea Hussey and Mrs. Hussey. Hosea is the owner of the inn and the cousin of Peter Coffin. Chapter 16 - The Ship: Ishmael and Queequeg arrive at the Nantucket docks 3 Chapters and talk to the owner of the whaling ship Pequod and join the crew. Chapter 17 - The Ramadan: Queequeg stays in his room all day at the Try Essay: Descriptive Pots Inn observing the feast of Ramadan. Ishmael becomes worried when Queequeg does not answer the door, so he asks Mrs. Hussey to unlock it. Chapter 18 - His Mark: The owners of the Pequod are hesitant to sign Queequeg on to the crew because he is a cannibal, but allow him to join after he demonstrates his skill of throwing a harpoon. Chapter 19 - The Prophet: A man named Elijah warns Ishmael and Queequeg about sailing on the Pequod and tells them about Ahab, the captain. 129

136 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter 20 - All Astir: The Pequod is prepared for the voyage, and Ishmael is concerned about sailing with a captain he does not know. Chapter 21 - Going Aboard: Elijah again stops Ishmael and attempts to talk him out of sailing with Captain Ahab, but Ishmael and Queequeg finally board the Pequod. Ishmael believes he has seen shadowy figures on the Pequod. Chapter 22 - Merry Christmas: The Pequod leaves Nantucket early Christmas morning, and the Pequod's owners guide the ship out of the harbor. Chapter 23 - The Lee Shore: Ishmael sees a man named Bulkington, whom he had met at the Spouter-Inn, at the helm of the ship guiding it out of port. Chapter 24 - The Advocate: Ishmael relates the importance of the whaling 4 Chapters industry and how the whale represents the unknown mysteries of the sea. Chapter 25 - Postscript: Ishmael continues his description of the importance Essay: Persuasive of whaling and explains the value of whale oil. Chapter 26 - Knights and Squires: Starbuck, a Quaker and a native of Nantucket, is the chief mate of the Pequod. The other officers of the ship are also identified in this chapter. Chapter 27 - Knights and Squires: Stubb is the second mate of the Pequod, a man named Flask is third mate, and Queequeg is selected as Starbuck's harpooner. Chapter 28 - Ahab: The mysterious Captain Ahab finally makes an appearance on deck. He has one artificial leg fashioned from the bone of a whale. Chapter 29 - Enter Ahab; to Him, Stubb: The Pequod reaches the water of the tropics, and Ahab has an argument with Stubb, the second mate. 130

137 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter 30 - The Pipe: Captain Ahab gets his pipe after the confrontation with Stubb, but smoking the pipe doesn't soothe him, and he throws it in the sea. Chapter 31 - Queen Mab: Stubb tells Flask of his dream about Ahab. Captain Ahab shouts to the crew to be on the lookout for whales. Chapter 32 - Cetology: The narrator discusses the subject of cetology, the study of whales. Ishmael classifies whales into three books: the Folio, Octavo, and Duodecimo. 5 Chapters whaling ship. Chapter 34 - The Cabin-Table: The eating arrangements of the crew are a reminder of the levels of authority on the Pequod, as the harpooners eat in the cabin of the captain. Chapter 35 - The Mast-Head: Ishmael makes his first visit to the mast-head, an area located at the top of one of the ship's masts where men are stationed to constantly look for whales. Chapter 33 - The Specksynder: Ishmael describes the daily operations of the Pequod and how the harpooners are very important members of the crew of a Essay: Descriptive 6 Chapters Chapter 36 - The Quarter-Deck: Captain Ahab calls his crew together on the quarter deck and offers an ounce of gold to anyone who spots Moby Dick, the white whale that took off his leg. Chapter 37 - Sunset: Captain Ahab sits alone in his cabin and explains the struggle to find and kill the whale. Chapter 38 - Dusk: Starbuck is worried about his relationship with Ahab, but feels pity for him. He also fears what Ahab might do to get the white whale. Chapter 39 - First Night-Watch: This chapter is written from the viewpoint of Stubb, an easy-going, light-hearted person who thinks that events are predestined to happen in a certain manner. Chapter 40 - Midnight, Forecastle: The crew is cheerful and looks forward to the hunt of the white whale, but there is still a mood of tension on the ship. Chapter 41 - Moby Dick: The author foreshadows the grave danger the crew will face in the hunt for Moby Dick. Captain Ahab believes that Moby Dick represents the evil in the world. Chapter 42 - The Whiteness of the Whale: The author and the narrator describe the significance of Moby Dick's whiteness, which can be a symbol of purity or innocence, but Ishmael also sees white as terrifying because it is not really a color, but rather the absence of color. Essay: Short Answer 131

138 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter 43 - Hark!: Men on night watch are standing in a line passing water buckets to each other. One of the crew hears a noise below the deck that sounds like a cough and believes there are people sleeping below deck. Chapter 44 - The Chart: Captain Ahab sits in his cabin studying a variety of sea charts and plans the hunt for Moby Dick. Chapter 45 - The Affidavit: Ishmael describes how whales can be harpooned 7 Chapters and still escape. Some attack and destroy whaling ships, killing the crew. Chapter 46 - Surmises: Captain Ahab has to balance his focus on Moby Dick Essay: Persuasive and the hunt for other whales as he has an obligation to the Pequod's owners and crew to make money. Chapter 47 - The Mat-Maker: Queequeg and Ishmael construct a sword mat that attaches to the side of the whaleboats for additional protection. The lookout calls out that a sperm whale is sighted. Chapter 48 - The First Lowering: Each of the three mates command a whaleboat, but the hunt is unsuccessful. 8 Chapters Chapter 49 - The Hyena: Ishmael is thrown into the sea during the first hunt and laughs at the irony of the situation because he is an experienced sailor. He is frightened enough to write up a will naming Queequeg as the beneficiary. Chapter 50 - Ahab's Boat and Crew. Fedallah: Stubb is impressed that Ahab will go on a whale hunt with only one leg, and there is some question about whether or not a captain should risk his life hunting whales in a small boat. Chapter 51 - The Spirit-Spout: The Pequod crew is excited about the possibility of a hunt when a spout is sighted. Chapter 52 - The Albatross: The Pequod meets another whaling ship called the Goney (Albatross). A storm approaches and the two ships' captains are unable to communicate with each other. Chapter 53 - The Gam: A meeting (gam) of two whaling ships is a common event. The captains of the ships often exchange information about the locations of whales, but Ahab's only interest in contact with other ships is to get information about the white whale. Chapter 54 - The Town-Ho's Story: The Pequod meets the Town-Ho, a Polynesian whaling ship, and the captain has information about Moby Dick. Essay: Persuasive 132

139 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter 55 - Of the Monstrous Pictures of Whales: Ishmael relates information about whale art and the lack of accurate pictures of whales. Chapter 56 - Of the Less Erroneous Pictures of Whales, and the True Pictures of Whaling Scenes: The discussion of whale art continues. Chapter 57 - Of Whales in Paint; in Teeth; in Wood; in Sheet-iron; in Stone; in Mountains; in Stars: The author describes how whale art is present in all cultures and societies so all people can relate to the search for Moby Dick. Chapter 58 - Brit: The Pequod sails through a yellow substance called brit, a 9 Chapters primary food of the Right Whale. Chapter 59 - Squid: The Pequod goes to the island of Java, and Daggoo Essay: Persuasive shouts that he has spotted the white whale. It turns out to be a giant squid. Chapter 60 - The Line: The importance of the whale line which is attached to a harpoon and connects the whale to the boat is described. Chapter 61 - Stubb Kills a Whale: Ishmael spots a sperm whale, and Ahab orders the boats into the water. Stubb's crew makes the first kill. Chapter 62 - The Dart: The author describes the whale hunt and the grave danger in the final stages of killing a whale. Chapter 63 - The Crotch: The crotch of a boat is a notched stick that attaches to one end of the boat where the harpooner rests the harpoons. 133

140 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter 64 - Stubb's Supper: The dead whale is tied to the side of the Pequod, and Stubb orders Daggoo to cut some whale meat for supper. Chapter 65 - The Whale as a Dish: Ishmael describes how whale meat is eaten by many different cultures, but most people don't eat it because it is fatty. Chapter 66 - The Shark Massacre: A number of sharks attack the whale tied to the ship. Queequeg escapes serious injury trying to fight off the sharks. Chapter 67 - Cutting In: The author provides an account of how a whale is 10 Chapters butchered. The Pequod nearly capsizes while the whale is being butchered. Chapter 68 - The Blanket: The description of the butchering process Essay: Persuasive continues. Chapter 69 - The Funeral: The whale is beheaded after the skin is removed, and the head is tied to the side of the ship. Chapter 70 - The Sphynx: Ahab goes out on deck to look at the head of the whale tied to the ship and attempts to communicate with the whale. Chapter 71 - The Jeroboam's Story: The Pequod comes upon the Jeroboam, a whaling ship from Nantucket with an epidemic on board. Chapter 72 - The Monkey-Rope: Ishmael again describes the process of butchering a whale. Queequeg and Ishmael work to skin the whale. 134

141 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter 73 - Stubb and Flask Kill a Right Whale; and Have a Talk over Him: Flask tells Stubb a ship with the head of a sperm whale on the starboard side and the head of a right whale on her other side will not capsize. Chapter 74 - The Sperm Whale's Head - Contrasted View: The right whale is killed and towed to the ship. The whale's head is tied to the side of the Pequod. Chapter 75 - The Right Whale's Head - Contrasted View: The differences in the right whale and the sperm whale are described. Chapter 76 - The Battering Ram: The head of the sperm whale is compared to a battering ram, the skull being very thick and hard to penetrate. 11 Chapters Chapter 78 - Cistern and Buckets: Tashtego falls into the hole at the top of the whale's skull and disappears. Queequeg saves Tashtego. Chapter 79 - The Prairie: Once again, Melville and Ishmael discuss the appearance of the sperm whale. Chapter 80 - The Nut: The skull of an adult sperm whale is at least twenty feet long, its brain is small compared to the size of the skull, and its spine is large. Chapter 81 - The Pequod meets the Virgin: The Pequod meets the Jungfrau (Virgin in German), a German ship, and both ships hunt whales. Chapter 77 - The Great Heidelburgh Tun: Ishmael notes the case and the junk, upper parts of a whale's head. Essay: Compare and Contrast 12 Chapters Chapter 82 - The Honor and Glory of Whaling: Ishmael relates the history of whaling and states that Perseus was the first whaler. Chapter 83 - Jonah Historically Regarded: Some people from Nantucket do not believe the story of Jonah and the whale. Chapter 84 - Pitchpoling: A pitchpole is a long lance attached to a rope. It is lighter than a harpoon and is used to secure a whale after it is harpooned. Chapter 85 - The Fountain: A whale can remain underwater for extended times, and when it surfaces, it sends a fountain of water from its spout. Chapter 86 - The Tail: The tail of the sperm whale can be as large as fifty square feet. Chapter 87 - The Grand Armada: The Pequod sails into the Indian Ocean and the Java Sea. A whale is sighted, and the hunt begins again. A pirate ship is sighted following the Pequod during the hunt. Essay: Persuasive 135

142 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter 88 - Schools and Schoolmasters: Large herds of whales are not common. They are usually found in groups of twenty to fifty, called schools. Chapter 89 - Fast-Fish and Loose Fish: Sometimes a whale is harpooned but the wounded animal will somehow escape. Chapter 90 - Heads or Tails: There is a law with regard to killing a whale off the coast of England; the head must go to the king and the tail to the queen. Chapter 91 - The Pequod Meets the Rose-Bud: The Pequod meets the Rose- Bud, a French whaling ship with two dead whales tied to the sides of the ship. 13 Chapters Chapter 93 - The Castaway: Not all of the crew members go on the whale hunts, as some of the men stay behind to man the main ship. Chapter 94 - A Squeeze of the Hand: Stubb's crew kills a sperm whale, and the Pequod's crew removes the sperm from the whale. Chapter 95 - The Cassock: The anatomy of the sperm whale and other aspects of the butchering process is described. Chapter 96 - The Try-Works: The try-works of the whaling ship, a large furnace used to melt whale blubber, is described. Chapter 92 - Ambergris: Ishmael describes ambergris and explains how it is used. He denies that all whales smell bad. Essay: Persuasive 136

143 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter 97 - The Lamp: Ishmael describes the crew's living conditions on the Pequod and states the men can use all the whale oil they need to light this area. Chapter 98 - Stowing Down and Clearing Up: The oil from the whale is stored in barrels and placed into the hold of the ship. Chapter 99 - The Doubloon: Any sailor who spots Moby Dick will get a doubloon, a gold coin from Ecuador. Chapter Leg and Arm. The Pequod, of Nantucket, Meets the Samuel 14 Chapters Enderby, of London: The Pequod meets the British whaling ship Samuel Enderby. The captain of the Samuel Enderby, Boomer, says he has lost an arm Essay: Compare and Contrast to Moby Dick. Chapter The Decanter: Samuel Enderby is the founder of a famous whaling company in England. The crews of the two ships share a meal. Chapter A Bower in the Arsacides: Ishmael discusses the details of the of the whale's skeleton. Chapter Measurement of the Whale's Skeleton: The size of the sperm whale is described and compared to the size of a whaling ship. Chapter The Fossil Whale: Ishmael states that fossil remains of whales are found all over the world. 137

144 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter Does the Whale's Magnitude Diminish? - Will He Perish?: Ishmael discusses how the size of the whale has increased over time. Chapter Ahab's Leg: Captain Ahab cracks his ivory leg as he leaves the Samuel Enderby and calls on the carpenter to make him a new leg. Chapter The Carpenter: Ishmael introduces the carpenter of the Pequod, a very skilled man who performs many duties. Chapter Ahab and the Carpenter: The carpenter measures Ahab for his new leg, but Captain Ahab has a low opinion of the carpenter. 15 Chapters Chapter Queequeg in his Coffin: Queequeg becomes ill with a high fever. His condition worsens, and he thinks he is going to die. Chapter The Pacific: The Pequod sails into the Pacific Ocean as Ahab becomes even more obsessed with finding and killing Moby Dick. Chapter The Blacksmith: The carpenter finishes working on Ahab's new leg, and the blacksmith now fashions a buckle for the leg. Chapter The Forge: Ahab asks the blacksmith to make a large harpoon out of the hard steel used in horseshoes. Chapter Ahab and Starbuck in the Cabin: The Pequod is sailing for Japan, but some of the barrels holding the whale oil are leaking. Essay: Compare and Contrast 138

145 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter The Gilder: The Pequod's crew hunts the waters around Japan but is unable to find any whales. Chapter The Pequod Meets the Bachelor: The Pequod meets the Bachelor, whose crew is very happy after several successful whale kills. Chapter The Dying Whale: The crew of the Pequod has a successful hunt, killing four whales. Captain Ahab kills one of the whales. Chapter The Whale Watch: Fedallah and Ahab sit in their whaleboat waiting for the fourth whale to die. Chapter The Quadrant: It is time for the Pequod to head toward the equator because the migrating whales will be gathering in that area. Chapter The Candles: The Pequod is struck by a powerful typhoon. The sail canvas is torn from the mast, and lightning strikes the ship. Chapter The Deck Towards the End of the First Night Watch: Starbuck tells Ahab the ship is not in safe condition. 16 Chapters Chapter Midnight Aloft - Thunder and Lightning: Tashtego attempts to tie down the main sails at the top of the masts. Chapter The Musket: The typhoon finally ends, and the crew assesses the damage to the Pequod and its equipment. Chapter The Needle: The Pequod readies to sail the next morning, and Ahab sets the new course for the steersman. Chapter The Log and Line: Ahab must find a new navigation tool for the Pequod, so the crew uses a log and line to navigate. Chapter The Life-Buoy: The Pequod continues toward the equator. One of the sailors falls overboard and drowns. Chapter The Deck: Starbuck asks the carpenter to make a new life buoy out of Queequeg's coffin. Ahab comes on deck and mocks the carpenter. Chapter The Pequod Meets the Rachel: The Pequod meets the whaling ship Rachel that encountered Moby Dick the previous day. Chapter Midnight - The Forecastle Bulwarks: Stubb and Flask tie down the anchor and argue about the danger the ship faces from the storm. Essay: Persuasive 139

146 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter The Cabin: Ahab leaves his cabin to prepare for the hunt to find and kill Moby Dick. He tells Pip to stay in the cabin. Chapter The Hat: Captain Ahab paces the deck looking for Moby Dick. Fedallah and Ahab keep watch for the white whale around the clock. A hawk swoops down and takes Captain Ahab's hat. Chapter The Pequod Meets the Delight: The Pequod meets the Delight, 17 Chapters a whaling ship damaged by an encounter with Moby Dick. Chapter The Symphony: The Pequod nears the equator. Ahab thinks Essay: Descriptive about his family and what he gave up for whaling. Chapter The Chase - First Day: Ahab sees Moby Dick swimming near the Pequod. Moby Dick turns around and attacks Ahab's boat. Chapter The Chase - Second Day: The crew finds Moby Dick again the next day, and Moby Dick attacks the whaleboats. Chapter The Chase -Third Day: The pursuit of Moby Dick continues on the third day, and the scene is set for the climax of the novel. The Last of the Mohicans Introduction The Last of the Mohicans is an adventurous story about a group of individuals whose paths cross in the depths of the wilderness. 1 Chapters Chapters 6-9 Chapter 1: The French and English are fighting a war in North America, and there is news that a large French force is approaching Fort William Henry. Chapter 2: The English army secures the services of Magua to guide the sisters Cora and Alice, and Heyward to Fort William Henry. Chapter 3: Hawkeye, Uncas, and Chingachgook discuss life as they travel through the forest. Chapter 4: The party heads for Fort William Henry and meets Hawkeye and the two Mohicans. The honesty of Magua as a guide comes into question. Chapter 5: Magua disappears into the forest after an altercation with Hawkeye. Hawkkeye offers to help guide the party to the fort. Chapter 6: The group decides to stay at a cave for the night. Chapter 7: Some of the group members leave the cave to determine the source of a sound they heard. Hurons suddenly attack the men. Chapter 8: The members of the group retreat to the cave and make plans for an escape. Chapter 9: Heyward, David, and the two sisters stay in the cave and are captured. Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive 140

147 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter 10: The Hurons treat the captives well and continue to look for Hawkeye. Chapter 11: Magua and Heyward have a meeting regarding Munro's 3 Chapters they resume their trip to Fort William Henry. Chapter 13: The group makes good time on the journey and stops to rest at a Mohican burial site. The Hurons come to the site but soon leave. daughters. Cora becomes angry and announces the captives will die. Chapter 12: Hawkeye and the Mohicans arrive in time to save the group, and Essay: Persuasive 4 Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapter 14: The group leaves the Mohican burial site and continues toward the fort. French forces and a dense fog hinder their arrival. Chapter 15: Cora and Alice stay at the fort with their father. News arrives that the French have captured Hawkeye. Chapter 16: Montcalm meets with Munro and gives him a letter from General Webb in which a surrender is offered and a treaty is signed. Chapter 17: The English forces begin their evacuation from the fort when an incident occurs that initiates a massacre. Chapter 18: Cora and Alice are kidnapped, and David Gamut follows them. Hawkeye and his friends search for the two girls the following day. Chapter 19: Hawkeye and his men stay the night at the fort to discuss their plans. An Oneida Indian stalks the men but is killed by Uncas. Chapter 20: The men leave the fort on their search for the two girls and discover Huron Indians are following them; gunfire is exchanged. Chapter 21: The trip has been exhausting for Hawkeye and his men so they divide into two groups and find David Gamut. Chapter 22: Gamut has news about the status of Cora and Alice, and the men discuss how they will rescue the girls. Chapter 23: The disguised Heyward and Gamut enter the Indian village where Alice is being held, and some children spot the two men. Chapter 24: The chief wants Heyward to help a sick woman of the tribe. Magua is at the Indian village but does not recognize Heyward. Chapter 25: Hawkeye is in disguise at the cavern where Heyward is trying to help the sick woman, so Heyward does not recognize him. Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive 141

148 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter 26: Hawkeye returns to the village to find Gamut. The two men devise a plan to rescue Uncas, then Hawkeye and Uncas escape into the forest. Chapter 27: The villagers find that Gamut has taken the place of Uncas, and 7 Chapters Cora captive and also asks about Hawkeye and his men. Chapter 29: The prisoners are brought before the entire tribe, and Magua makes plans to leave the village with Cora. Magua plans to recover Cora from the Delaware village. Chapter 28: Magua contacts members of the Delaware tribe that are holding Essay: Persuasive 8 Chapters Introduction 1 Chapters Chapters Chapters 5-6 Chapter 30: Uncas comes before the Delaware tribe and the warriors attack him. Circumstances change when Tamenund recognizes Uncas. Chapter 31: Uncas and Hawkeye prepare to rescue Cora, and Gamut reveals where Cora is being held prisoner. Chapter 32: A fight between the Huron and the Delaware tribes ensues and Uncas finally reaches Cora, but a tragic confrontation occurs. Chapter 33: There is agonizing news about Cora and Uncas. Hawkeye bids farewell to Gamut, Heyward, Munro, and Alice to be with Chingachgook. The Red Badge of Courage Henry Fleming is youthful, energetic, and patriotic; however, he is also inexperienced. He learns about courage during the Civil War in the heat of battle. Chapter 1: A group of Union soldiers is awaiting the start of battle as rumors are spreading that they will be moving the next day. Chapter 2: The men are wondering where they will be sent as young Henry Fleming thinks about what will happen when the battle begins. Chapter 3: The troops are moved from one position to another which creates feelings of uneasiness and fright among the men. Chapter 4: The men see others moving away from the battle and the veteran soldiers yell at the retreating soldiers. Chapter 5: The battle finally begins. There is much confusion during the fighting, but Henry's regiment drives back the enemy. Chapter 6: The enemy soldiers regroup and again attack Henry and his friends who eventually retreat. Essay: Expository Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive 142

149 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter 7: Henry is embarrassed because he left the battle that his comrades 4 Chapters 7-8 meets many wounded men who were involved in the fight. won. He runs into the woods making a horrifying discovery. Chapter 8: Henry hears sounds of battle and moves toward to the sounds. He Essay: Persuasive 5 Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapter 9: Henry stays with the wounded men and sees his friend Jim Conklin, who is critically wounded. He tries to help him. Chapter 10: Henry grieves when his friend Jim dies, and the tattered soldier now becomes disoriented and confused. Chapter 11: Henry remains in the area to seek news of the battle. He is ashamed for abandoning his troop, and wonders if he should rejoin them. Chapter 12: Retreating soldiers suddenly come running out of the woods. Henry is injured in the confusion, but a man with a cheery voice helps him. Chapter 13: Henry's friends welcome him into the camp. He is treated for his injuries by a soldier named Wilson, who gives his blanket to Henry so he can rest. Chapter 14: The next morning, Henry visits with Wilson and notices that Wilson is no longer loud and arrogant. Chapter 15: Henry and his friends wait for orders. Wilson asks Henry to return the packet of papers he had asked him to hold the day before. Chapter 16: Henry is surprised that his friends do not realize what had actually happened on the previous day. They are ordered back to the woods. Chapter 17: As Henry is getting ready for the battle, he becomes angry with the enemy soldiers. He is praised for his valor when the enemy retreats. Chapter 18: Henry and Wilson overhear that the enemy might overrun the Union line, and many casualties are expected. Chapter 19: Henry is in front leading the troops. He and Wilson grab the flag from the fallen color sergeant. Chapter 20: Henry's regiment mounts another charge when they are hit with tremendous firepower. He is surprised by the actions of the enemy. Chapter 21: For now, the battle is over, with only a small amount of ground gained as a result of the fighting. Chapter 22: The battle begins again. Henry makes a decision about what he will do during the battle, as his regiment is getting weaker. Essay: Persuasive Essay: Narrative Essay: Expository Essay: Expository Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Compare and Contrast 143

150 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter 23: When Henry's regiment is ordered to charge, the men move 12 Chapters forward to meet the enemy with Henry leading them. The battle ends and prisoners are taken. Essay: Persuasive Chapter 24: Henry's regiment moves back from the battlefield. Henry knows that he has atoned for his actions in the first battle. The House of the Seven Gables Introduction The House of the Seven Gables was cursed when it was constructed and had affected generations of the Pyncheon family for 160 years. 1 Chapter 1 2 Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters 8 Chapter 1 - The Old Pyncheon Family: The House of the Seven Gables was a deteriorating old house in a New England town built by Colonel Pyncheon. For generations the Pyncheon family suffered many hardships. Chapter 2 - The Little Shop-Window: Hepzibah Pyncheon was an old maid who lived in seclusion in the house for almost thirty years. She had to open a shop in the house because she needed money. Chapter 3 - The First Customer: Hepzibah's first customer in the shop was Mr. Holgrave, a young man in his early twenties, a daguerreotypist who lived in one of the gables in the house. Chapter 4 - A Day Behind the Counter: Judge Jaffrey Pyncheon, Hepzibah's cousin and the owner of the house, was standing outside the house, which concerned Hepzibah. That night, Phoebe, a distant cousin of the Pyncheon family, arrived at the House of the Seven Gables. Chapter 5 - May and November: Phoebe Pyncheon was a girl of seventeen who had grown up in the country. Hepzibah did not want Phoebe to stay at the house, so she told Phoebe the legend of Colonel Pyncheon and Matthew Maule. Chapter 6 - Maule's Well: Phoebe went out to the garden, which had become overgrown from neglect, and Holgrave came into the garden and talked to her. Chapter 7 - The Guest: The next morning, Phoebe came into the kitchen where Hepzibah was making breakfast. She told Phoebe that Clifford, her brother, was coming to live in the house. Chapter 8 - The Pyncheon of To-day: A little boy named Ned Higgins came into the shop and asked Phoebe about Clifford. Judge Jaffrey Pyncheon also visited the shop and introduced himself to Phoebe. She drew back when the judge tried to kiss her. Essay: Persuasive Essay: Descriptive Essay: Compare and Contrast Essay: Descriptive Essay: Persuasive 144

151 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter 9 - Clifford and Phoebe: Hepzibah was very happy that Clifford had 6 Chapters 9-10 come to the house, and since Clifford enjoyed being around Phoebe, Hepzibah asked Phoebe to care for Clifford. Essay: Persuasive Chapter 10 - The Pyncheon Garden: Phoebe read books to Clifford in the garden. Holgrave loaned Phoebe some poetry and fiction books. 7 Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapters Chapter 11 - The Arched Window: Clifford spent time sitting next to the arched window in front of the house. He longed for the good old days and was sad that stagecoaches were no longer used. Chapter 12 - The Daguerreotypist: Phoebe was able to pursue her own interests when Clifford was asleep. She talked to Holgrave and learned he had held many jobs including schoolmaster, salesman, and newspaper editor. Chapter 13 - Alice Pyncheon: This chapter is a flashback to a time forty years after the construction of the House of the Seven Gables when Gervayse Pyncheon was the occupant of the house. Chapter 14 - Phoebe's Goodbye: Holgrave finished his story about Gervayse and Alice, then Phoebe and Holgrave talked about Hepzibah and Clifford. Chapter 15 - The Scowl and Smile: Both Clifford and Hepzibah missed Phoebe. Hepzibah was losing customers in her shop, so Judge Pyncheon visited the house and offered financial assistance, which Hepzibah refused. Chapter 16 - Clifford's Chamber: Hepzibah had a foreboding that something was going to happen between Clifford and Jaffrey Pyncheon. She went to Clifford's room, but he was not there. She called out for Jaffrey to help her find Clifford and was shocked when she discovered Jaffrey dead in the parlor. Chapter 17 - The Flight of Two Owls: Hepzibah and Clifford made plans to leave the House of the Seven Gables. They went to the train station and boarded a train. Clifford became more outgoing and alert on the train. Chapter 18 - Governor Pyncheon: The body of Judge Pyncheon remained in the House of the Seven Gables. Jaffrey had a busy day planned, including seeing a doctor and meeting with his political supporters to announce that he was going to run for governor. Essay: Narrative Essay: Persuasive Essay: Compare and Contrast Essay: Persuasive 145

152 English Literature XI Grade Level 11 Chapter 19 - Alice's Posies: Uncle Venner came to the House of the Seven Gables the day after Jaffrey's death. People wondered why the shop wasn't open and why Judge Pyncheon was not keeping his appointments. Chapter 20 - The Flower of Eden: Holgrave told Phoebe of Jaffrey's death and 11 Chapters the departure of Hepzibah and Clifford. Holgrave also revealed to Phoebe that he was in love with her. Clifford and Hepzibah then returned from their trip. Essay: Persuasive Chapter 21 - The Departure: The author uses the character Holgrave and the element of flashback to explain the mystery of Clifford's imprisonment. Judge Jaffrey Pyncheon had destroyed the will which left the estate to Clifford, so when he died, the estate went to Clifford and Hepzibah and they became rich. Holgrave reveals his true identity. 146

153 English Literature XII Grade Level 12 Jane Eyre Introduction In Jane Eyre, Jane searches for independence and acceptance and learns important lessons as she develops into a young woman with a strong sense of compassion and forgiveness. Chapter 1: Jane Eyre is an orphaned child living at Gateshead, the home of her aunt, Mrs. Reed, and is not allowed to play with Mrs. Reed's children. After an argument with her cousin John, Jane is sent to the red-room. Chapter 2: Being sent to the red-room terrifies Jane. She is so frightened by some of the objects in the room that she cries out for help and then faints. Chapter 3: Mr. Lloyd, the apothecary, is called to check on Jane's health. Mr. Lloyd suggests that Jane be sent to a school. 1 Chapters 1-6 Chapter 5: Jane travels to the school, Lowood, alone. She is introduced to a kind lady, Miss Temple, and also meets another student named Helen Burns. Helen tells her that Lowood is a charity school. Chapter 6: Jane begins her term at Lowood School. She and Helen share many conversations. Jane does not agree with Helen's philosophy of "always love your enemy" as life is harsh at Lowood. Helen continues to be the object of abuse by Miss Scatcherd. Chapter 4: Jane recovers from the experience in the red-room. The Reed family still mistreats Jane, and she learns that she will be attending a school. Essay: Persuasive 2 Chapters 7-11 Chapter 7: Mr. Brocklehurst visits Jane's classroom and reprimands Jane in front of the other students for dropping her slate. Chapter 8: Jane feels sorry for herself after being humiliated by Mr. Brocklehurst. Helen is supportive of Jane's problems, and Miss Temple listens to Jane's story. Miss Temple writes to Dr. Lloyd to verify Jane's truthfulness and clears Jane's name of being branded a liar. Chapter 9: Jane is finally enjoying her time at Lowood, but springtime brings an epidemic of typhus to the school afflicting nearly half the students. Helen develops consumption and becomes gravely ill. Chapter 10: The public becomes concerned with the conditions at the school. Many positive changes occur, but Jane has spent eight years at Lowood and now feels she needs a change. She applies for a governess position. Chapter 11: Jane accepts a position at Thornfield as governess to eight-year old Adèle. Jane is informed that Mr. Rochester is her employer and that he travels often. Essay: Persuasive 147

154 English Literature XII Grade Level 12 Chapter 12: Jane is happy living at Thornfield and has a positive relationship with Adèle. Jane witnesses a horse slipping on an icy spot and assists the rider. She later finds out that it was Mr. Rochester, her employer. Chapter 13: Mr. Rochester, Adèle, Mrs. Fairfax, and Jane have dinner together. Mr. Rochester is impatient with Jane but is impressed with her paintings. 3 Chapters Chapter 14: When Mr. Rochester returns from his long trips, he gives Adèle gifts. He and Jane have a candid and pleasant discussion about a variety of Essay: Persuasive topics. Chapter 15: Upon learning more about Adèle's background, Jane understands her better. Jane hears strange laughter outside her door and sees smoke coming from Mr. Rochester's room, and he asks Jane to keep it a secret. Chapter 16: Mr. Rochester offers an explanation for the cause of the fire and then leaves Thornfield for a social engagement that Blanche Ingram will also be attending. 4 Chapters Chapters Chapter 17: Mr. Rochester is returning to Thornfield with a group of guests, and Jane finally meets Blanche Ingram. Jane acknowledges her growing affection for Mr. Rochester. Chapter 18: The guests at Thornfield play charades. Jane considers her feelings for Mr. Rochester. A man from the West Indies, Richard Mason, arrives at Thornfield looking for Mr. Rochester. Chapter 19: A gypsy fortune teller, Mother Bunches, arrives at Thornfield to tell fortunes, and Jane is told about her future. Chapter 20: Jane and the guests hear a loud cry from the upstairs of the house. Mr. Rochester reassures the guests, sends them back to bed, and asks Jane for her help. Chapter 21: Jane returns to Gateshead to visit with the ailing Mrs. Reed, who gives Jane a letter from her Uncle John Eyer that she has kept secret for three years. Chapter 22: Mrs. Reed passes away, and Jane stays with her cousins for a while after the funeral. She returns to Thornfield expecting wedding preparations for Mr. Rochester and Blanche Ingram. Chapter 23: Jane and Mr. Rochester visit in the garden at Thornfield, and Mr. Rochester teasingly tells Jane she must leave Thornfield. He then surprises Jane by revealing his feelings for her. Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive 148

155 English Literature XII Grade Level 12 Chapter 24: Mr. Rochester and Jane are to be married in one month, but Mrs. Fairfax is not excited about the proposal. Jane informs Mr. Rochester that she will continue to tutor Adèle. Chapter 25: The time for the wedding has arrived. Jane tells Mr. Rochester of 6 Chapters Chapter 26: Jane and Mr. Rochester go to the church for their wedding, but a stranger speaks out during the ceremony with information that prevents the marriage from taking place. Mr. Rochester takes Jane and the others back to Thornfield to reveal an unusual secret. a frightening dream and occurrence that she experienced the night before. Mr. Rochester tries to calm her fears. Essay: Persuasive 7 Chapters Chapters Chapter 27: Jane is confused by the events of the day, so Mr. Rochester tells her about his past. He still professes his love for her, but Jane makes the decision to leave Thornfield. Chapter 28: Jane travels by coach to a place called Whitcross. She accidentally leaves her parcel on the coach and now has no money. She is forced to beg for food, and the Rivers family takes her in. Chapter 29: Jane is exhausted from her travels and has spent three days with the Rivers family. She wants to stay at the Rivers' home until she can find work. Chapter 30: Jane becomes friends with Diana and Mary Rivers who are also governesses and will soon be returning to their positions. St. John offers Jane a position directing a charity school called Morton. Chapter 31: Jane begins her job as headmistress of Morton and moves into the school cottage. She then meets a beautiful woman named Rosamond Oliver. Chapter 32: Jane is happier in her new position and is well liked and accepted by the community, but she is puzzled by St. John's reaction to a portrait she is painting of Rosamond Oliver. Chapter 33: Later, St. John returns and reveals to Jane that he knows about her past and tells her of her Uncle John Eyer's death and the news of her inheritance. Chapter 34: Jane waits for Mary and Diana Rivers to arrive at Moor House. St. John asks Jane to go on a mission to India with him. She is confused by St. John's peculiar offer. Essay: Persuasive Essay: Expository 149

156 English Literature XII Grade Level 12 Chapter 35: St. John waits for Jane's decision. He has become very cold and controlling. Jane suddenly thinks she hears the voice of Mr. Rochester calling her name. Chapter 36: Jane returns to Thornfield after being gone for a year and is shocked by what she finds when she arrives. She goes to a nearby inn to 9 Chapters inquire about what happened at Thornfield and to the whereabouts of Mr. Rochester. Essay: Persuasive Chapter 37: Jane goes to Ferndean where Mr. Rochester is living and surprises Mr. Rochester by serving his tea. Once again, Mr. Rochester asks Jane to marry him. Chapter 38: Jane and Mr. Rochester marry in a quiet ceremony, and Adèle is moved to a closer school. Jane is very happy with her life and the decisions she has made. Macbeth Introduction Macbeth is a play that shows how the lust for power leads to destruction as Macbeth's greed corrupts his spirit and creates a negative outlook on life. 1 Act I, Scenes 1-7 Three witches visit Macbeth and Banquo on the battlefield telling them of their futures. Lady Macbeth creates a plot to kill King Duncan. Essay: Persuasive 2 Act II, Scenes 1-4 Macduff and Lennox arrive at the castle to discover King Duncan has been murdered. Macbeth appears very upset about what has happened. Essay: Persuasive 3 Act III, Scenes 1-6 Banquo suspects Macbeth for the murder of King Duncan, so Macbeth arranges for the murder of Banquo and his son. Macbeth is visited by a ghost. Essay: Persuasive 4 Act IV, Scenes 1-3 Once again, Macbeth meets with the witches and seeks reassurance for his future. He learns that Macduff has gone to England, which angers him. Essay: Persuasive 5 Act V, Scenes 1-8 Wuthering Heights Lady Macbeth has gone mad with guilt, and Macbeth believes he cannot be killed because of the witches' prophecy. Essay: Narrative Introduction As a result of his childhood experiences, Heathcliff puts revenge into action and makes life miserable for those he hates in Wuthering Heights. 150

157 English Literature XII Grade Level 12 Chapter 1: Mr. Lockwood meets with Heathcliff, his new landlord. Mr. Lockwood is concerned for his safety at Heathcliff's home, Wuthering Heights, after being left in a room with ferocious dogs. Chapter 2: The next day, Mr. Lockwood makes another visit to Wuthering Heights. A blizzard occurs and he asks for directions on how to return home but is refused assistance. He is forced to spend the night at Wuthering Heights. Chapter 3: Lockwood has nightmares and refuses to stay in the room for fear 1 Chapters 1-6 it is haunted. Chapter 4: Lockwood asks his housekeeper, Nelly, about the history of Essay: Expository Wuthering Heights. She tells about former owners, the Earnshaw family. Chapter 5: Heathcliff is adopted by the Earnshaws. Hindley Earnshaw is sent away to school. Mr. Earnshaw becomes ill and later dies. Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff mourn his loss and Hindley returns home. Chapter 6: Hindley takes over the household and forces Heathcliff to work in the fields. Heathcliff and Catherine run off to play. Heathcliff explains to Nelly that Catherine was bitten by the Lintons' dog and was carried into their house by a servant. 2 Chapters 7-10 Chapter 7: Catherine stays at Thrushcross Grange for five weeks. When she returns home, she is rude to Heathcliff and embarrasses him. The Linton family is invited to Wuthering Heights for dinner. Heathcliff is locked in the attic. Chapter 8: Hindley's wife gives birth to a son, Hareton, and she dies shortly after. Heathcliff grows jealous about Catherine's relationship with Edgar Linton and confronts her about it. Chapter 9: Catherine tells Nelly that she and Edgar are engaged and admits to loving Heathcliff but says she could never marry him. Heathcliff overhears this and leaves Wuthering Heights. Chapter 10: Heathcliff returns to Wuthering Heights shortly after Catherine's marriage and visits the Lintons, where Isabella develops an interest in him. Essay: Persuasive 151

158 English Literature XII Grade Level 12 Chapter 11: Catherine confronts Heathcliff about his feelings for Isabella. She locks herself in a room and refuses to eat after Edgar tells her that she must choose between him and Heathcliff. Chapter 12: Catherine becomes delirious and is upset that Edgar has not 3 Chapters come in to ask for her forgiveness. Isabella and Heathcliff elope. Chapter 13: Catherine is still weak and feverish and learns that she is Essay: Descriptive pregnant. Isabella regrets her decision to marry Heathcliff. Chapter 14: Nelly goes to Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff asks about Catherine and threatens to hold Nelly captive until she agrees to help him. Chapter 15: Catherine, who is still very ill, and Heathcliff finally meet with each other. Catherine collapses after a heated discussion. 4 Chapters Chapters Chapter 16: Catherine gives birth to a daughter, also named Catherine, and the mother dies shortly after. Nelly tells Heathcliff the sad news. Chapter 17: Isabella goes to London and gives birth to a son who she names Linton. Hindley dies six months later. Chapter 18: Edgar raises his daughter Cathy and does not allow her to explore the surrounding area, but when he is gone to London to visit Isabella Cathy wanders to Wuthering Heights. Chapter 19: Edgar returns home from London after Isabella dies and brings twelve-year-old Linton with him. Heathcliff now wants custody of his son. Chapter 20: Nelly brings Linton to Wuthering Heights, and Heathcliff meets his son for the first time. Chapter 21: Cathy and Nelly visit Linton at Wuthering Heights. Cathy is quite taken with Linton but is unkind to Hareton. Edgar forbids Cathy to see Linton again, but they continue to correspond through letters. Chapter 22: Edgar is sick most of the following winter, and Cathy's correspondence with Linton has ceased. Heathcliff makes her feel guilty so she visits Linton. Chapter 23: Linton tries to coax Cathy into marrying him, which aggravates her into shoving his chair. He develops a coughing fit. Nelly catches a cold and Cathy must now care for her and Edgar during the day. At night, she sneeks out to see Linton at Wuthuring Heights. Chapter 24: Edgar forbids Cathy from returning to Wuthering Heights, but Linton can visit Cathy at Thrushcross Grange. Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive 152

159 English Literature XII Grade Level 12 Chapter 25: Catherine obeys her father and does not visit Linton. Due to Linton's failing health, Edgar considers letting Cathy marry Linton and arrangements are made for Cathy and Linton to meet on the moors. Chapter 26: Nelly and Cathy have to assist Linton because of his weak 6 Chapters physical condition, and they agree to meet again the next Thursday. Chapter 27: Cathy and Nelly go to visit Linton in the moors. Heathcliff convinces them Essay: Compare and Contrast to come to Wuthering Heights and locks them in the house. Chapter 28: Cathy and Linton are now married, and Linton is proud that he will soon claim Cathy's inheritance. Cathy visits Edgar who is on his deathbed. Chapter 29: Heathcliff forces Cathy to return to Wuthering Heights and tells Nelly some disturbing information about Edgar's burial. 7 Chapters Introduction Chapter 30: Cathy cares for Linton until his death and remains distant from Hareton. Nelly wants to help Cathy leave Wuthering Heights. Chapter 31: Mr. Lockwood goes to Wuthering Heights to tell Heathcliff that he is moving out and returning to London. He slips a note to Cathy from Nelly. Chapter 32: After six months, Lockwood returns to Thrushcross Grange on a hunting trip and learns that Nelly has moved to Wuthering Heights. Chapter 33: Cathy and Heathcliff have an argument and he nearly strikes her. Chapter 34: Heathcliff dies, which gives Cathy control of both Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange, and Hareton and Cathy have grown closer. Lockwood leaves. Pride and Prejudice The two main characters in Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy, are introduced to each other at a ball in Meryton. Their first impressions of each other are not favorable. Essay: Compare and Contrast 153

160 English Literature XII Grade Level 12 1 Chapter 1: The Bennet family members are discussing the expected arrival of Mr. Bingley, a wealthy man who will live at a neighboring estate. Chapter 2: Mrs. Bennet does not know that Mr. Bennet has already visited Mr. Bingley. Mrs. Bennet and the girls have many questions about Mr. Bingley. Chapter 3: Mrs. Bennet and the girls meet Mr. Bingley and his friend, Mr. Darcy, at a ball in Meryton. Mr. Bingley makes a good impression on the Bennet family women, while Mr. Darcy is considered to be quite arrogant. Chapter 4: Jane tells Elizabeth that she likes Mr. Bingley. Elizabeth agrees that Mr. Bingley is friendly, but she does not approve of his sisters' behavior. Chapter 5: The Lucas family lives near Longbourn. Charlotte Lucas and her mother visit the Bennet family the day after the ball in Meryton. Chapter 6: Jane and Elizabeth visit with Mr. Bingley and his sisters. Mr. Darcy, who is staying with the Bingleys, is attracted to Elizabeth. Elizabeth is not attracted to him. Chapter 7: The Bingleys invite Jane to dinner at their estate. Jane is caught in a rainstorm and becomes ill and must stay at the Bingley's home. Elizabeth Volume I Chapters visits Jane at the Bingley's home Essay: Narrative Chapter 8: The Bingley sisters harshly criticize Elizabeth and her family because of their social position. This does not bother Mr. Bingley, but Mr. Darcy considers it to be a problem. Chapter 9: Mrs. Bennet visits Jane and Elizabeth at Netherfield, the Bingley home, and Elizabeth is embarrassed by her mother's behavior. Chapter 10: Elizabeth visits with the Bingleys and Mr. Darcy in the drawing room and notices that Mr. Darcy is continually staring at her. She believes Mr. Darcy disapproves of her and her family. Chapter 11: Jane joins the others in the drawing room after dinner. Elizabeth is pleased by the attention Mr. Bingley pays to Jane. Chapter 12: Elizabeth and Jane return to their home at Longbourn. Mr. Bingley is sad to see them go, but. Mr. Darcy and the Bingley sisters are glad. Chapter 13: Mr. Bennet tells his family that his cousin, Mr. Collins, is coming to visit Longbourn. Mr. Collins will eventually inherit Longbourn. Chapter 14: Mr. Bennet asks Mr. Collins to tell the family of his wealthy patroness, Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Mr. Bennet thinks Mr. Collins is a fool. 154

161 English Literature XII Grade Level 12 2 Chapter 15: Mr. Collins announces that he is interested in marrying one of the Bennet girls. The Bennet ladies and Mr. Collins go for a walk and meet two soldiers, Mr. Wickham and Mr. Denny. Chapter 16: Elizabeth visits with Mr. Wickham and is impressed with the young soldier but wonders about the animosity between Mr. Darcy and Mr. Wickham. Chapter 17: Elizabeth tells Jane about her conversation with Mr. Wickham. Mr. Bingley announces that there will be a ball at his home, Netherfield. Chapter 18: The Bennet family attends the ball at Netherfield. Elizabeth, disappointed that Mr. Wickham is not present, reluctantly dances with Mr. Volume I Chapters Collins Chapter 19: Mr. Collins proposes to Elizabeth, and she adamantly declines his Essay: Compare and Contrast offer of marriage. Mr. Collins does not believe her refusal is sincere. Chapter 20: Mrs. Bennet asks her husband to talk to Elizabeth about Mr. Collins' proposal, and he tells Elizabeth that she has made the right choice. Charlotte comes to visit and meets Mr. Collins. Chapter 21: Jane receives a note stating the Bingley family is leaving Netherfield to go to London and that Mr. Bingley will marry Georgiana Darcy. Chapter 22: Mr. Collins asks Charlotte Lucas to marry him. Chapter 23: Sir William Lucas arrives at Longbourn announcing the wedding plans to the Bennet family. The announcement affects Elizabeth's and Charlotte's friendship. 155

162 English Literature XII Grade Level 12 3 Chapter 1: Miss Bingley sends Jane a letter stating that the Bingleys will not return to Netherfield until the end of the winter. Jane and Elizabeth talk about Mr. Bingley and Mr. Darcy. Chapter 2: Mrs. Bennet's brother and his wife, Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner, arrive at Longbourn for a visit and offer to take Jane to London. Chapter 3: Mrs. Gardiner warns Elizabeth not to get involved with Wickham. Mr. Collins returns for his wedding, and Charlotte invites Elizabeth to visit them at Hunsford. Chapter 4: Elizabeth accompanies William Lucas on a trip to Hunsford where Charlotte and Mr. Collins live. They stop in London to visit Jane and the Gardiners. Chapter 5: Sir William, his daughter Maria, and Elizabeth arrive at Hunsford. Volume II Chapters Miss de Bourgh invites everyone to dinner at Rosings the following day Essay: Compare and Contrast Chapter 6: Mr. Collins describes the grandeur of the estate at Rosings, but Elizabeth is unimpressed by Mr. Collins' descriptions. Chapter 7: Elizabeth stays at Hunsford after the departure of Sir William and Maria and learns that Mr. Darcy and his cousin, Colonel Fitzwilliam, will be visiting Rosings. Chapter 8: Colonel Fitzwilliam and Elizabeth visit with each other following dinner at Rosings, but Lady Catherine de Bourgh interrupts their conversation. Chapter 9: Mr. Darcy comes to Hunsford to visit Elizabeth. They discuss the departure of the Bingleys and Mr. Darcy the previous November. Chapter 10: Elizabeth meets Colonel Fitzwilliam while she is on a walk. He tells her Mr. Darcy recently saved Mr. Bingley from an ill-advised marriage. Elizabeth becomes ill over the news. 156

163 English Literature XII Grade Level 12 4 Chapter 11: Mr. Darcy tells Elizabeth he is in love with her and asks her to marry him, but she refuses due to his attitude toward her family. Chapter 12: Mr. Darcy finds Elizabeth while she is out on a walk and hands her a letter describing his reasons for stopping the marriage of Jane to Mr. Bingley. It also describes the relationship between Mr. Darcy and Mr. Wickham. Chapter 13: Elizabeth reads the letter and at first does not believe Mr. Darcy's account of Mr. Bingley and Jane and is confused about Mr. Wickham. Chapter 14: Lady Catherine invites Elizabeth, Maria, and the Collins to dinner. Lady Catherine asks Elizabeth and Maria to stay another two weeks, but Elizabeth tells Lady Catherine that her father wants her to return home. Chapter 15: Elizabeth and Maria stop at the Gardiner home for a few days on Volume II Chapters their trip home. Jane plans to join them Essay: Descriptive Chapter 16: Elizabeth is glad the soldiers will soon be leaving Meryton, but Kitty and Lydia hope to vacation in Brighton to be near the soldiers. Chapter 17: Elizabeth tells Jane about Mr. Darcy's marriage proposal and Mr. Wickham. They decide not to reveal the contents of the letter. Elizabeth does not tell Jane about the information in the letter concerning Mr. Bingley. Chapter 18: Mrs. Forster, the wife of the colonel of the regiment, asks Lydia to go with her to Brighton, and Elizabeth urges her father not to allow Lydia to go. Chapter 19: The relationship between Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Bennet is described in this chapter. Elizabeth goes on a vacation with Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner. 157

164 English Literature XII Grade Level 12 5 Chapter 1: Elizabeth and the Gardiners visit Pemberley, Mr. Darcy's estate. Both Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy are uncomfortable in each other's company. Chapter 2: Elizabeth meets Mr. Darcy's sister. Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner believe Mr. Darcy is in love with Elizabeth. Chapter 3: Mr. Darcy's sister Georgiana approves of Elizabeth, but Miss Bingley tells both Mr. Darcy and Georgiana that she does not like Elizabeth. Chapter 4: Jane sends two letters to Elizabeth telling her that Lydia has eloped with Wickham. They are believed to be in London. Elizabeth asks Mr. Gardiner to help her look for her sister. Chapter 5: The Gardiners and Elizabeth arrive at Longbourn. Elizabeth regrets not revealing what she knew of Wickham's character. Chapter 6: The Bennet family is disgraced over the actions of Lydia, and Mr. Volume III Chapters Bennet returns home Essay: Descriptive Chapter 7: Mr. Gardiner finds Wickham and Lydia. Wickham wants money from Mr. Bennet before he will marry Lydia. Chapter 8: Mr. Bennet suspects that Mr. Gardiner paid Wickham so he would agree to marry Lydia and announces that he will not welcome the couple. Chapter 9: Lydia and Wickham arrive at Longbourn, and Lydia is not ashamed of what she has done to the reputation of the Bennet family. Lydia tells Elizabeth that Mr. Darcy attended the wedding. Elizabeth writes a letter to Mrs. Gardiner asking for more details concerning Mr. Darcy's role in the wedding. Chapter 10: Mrs. Gardiner sends a letter. Elizabeth now realizes that Mr. Darcy was responsible for arranging the wedding of Lydia and Wickham. Elizabeth alludes to Wickham that she is aware of his past dealings with Mr. Darcy but is careful to not provoke him. 158

165 English Literature XII Grade Level Chapter 11: Lydia and Wickham leave for Newcastle, where the new regiment is stationed. Mrs. Bennet invites both Mr. Bingley and Mr. Darcy to dinner. Chapter 12: Elizabeth observes Jane and Mr. Bingley at the dinner party. She is convinced that Mr. Bingley is still interested in a relationship with Jane. Mr. Darcy leaves for London. Chapter 13: Mr. Bingley is invited to dinner at Longbourn, and Mr. Bingley talks to Mr. Bennet about his intentions toward Jane. Chapter 14: Lady Catherine makes a visit to Longbourn the next morning and tries to discourage Elizabeth against becoming involved with Mr. Darcy. Elizabeth refuses to listen. Chapter 15: Mr. Bennet talks to Elizabeth and tells her that Mr. Collins sent Volume III Chapters him a letter concerning Mr. Darcy Essay: Compare and Contrast Chapter 16: Mr. Bingley and Mr. Darcy come to Longbourn to visit, and Mr. Darcy proposes to Elizabeth. Chapter 17: Elizabeth tells Jane about her engagement to Mr. Darcy, and Mrs. Bennet is happily preparing for another wedding. Chapter 18: Lady Catherine is very angry that Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth are going to be married, but the marriage takes place and the couple moves to Pemberly. Chapter 19: Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy settle in at Pemberly after their marriage, and Jane and Mr. Bingley move to Derbyshire, which is near Pemberly. The Bennet sisters remain in close contact. Lydia and Wickham experience financial trouble and seek assistance from Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy. Gulliver's Travels: A Voyage to Lilliput The Adventure of the Speckled Band Short Stories A medical doctor named Lemuel Gulliver is shipwrecked and awakens on the shore in the land of Lilliput. Here he meets a race of miniature people who are only six inches tall. Gulliver has many adventures as he becomes involved in the everyday lives of the Lilliputians. Helen Stoner contacts the famous detective Sherlock Holmes, recalling to him the mysterious death of her twin sister several years before. Helen does not trust her stepfather and is fearful for her own life. Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive 159

166 English Skills IX XII Grade Levels 9 12 GlobalCourseware English Skills IX XII introduces students to a variety of topics including: common expressions clauses and phrases vowel sounds and spellings story details and sequences folklore inferences parts of speech clauses and diagramming blends and silent letters infinitives digraphs etymology genres and literature farce and satire literary devices propaganda and bias infinitives and clauses root words verbals syllables and pronunciations words in context reading strategies characterization classifying information 160

167 1 English Skills IX Grade Level 9 Reading Skills Use of a dictionary to alphabetize words, importance of alphabetizing in the Reading - card catalog: alphabetizing by title, author, and subject; telephone directories, Alphabetization Essay: Paragraph encyclopedia, thesaurus, atlases, periodicals, alphabetizing in bibliographies 2 Reading - Analogies 3 Reading - Antonyms Reading - Common Expressions Reading - Connotation and Denotation Reading - Greek and Latin Words Reading - Greek Literature Reading - Homonyms and Homophones Reading - Language Arts Terms 1 Definition of an analogy, students practice completing analogies, strategies for recognizing analogous relationships: (specific to general, synonyms, antonyms, cause and effect, part to whole, item to category, time to process, object to action, object to function, part to whole, performer to action) Improving vocabulary through the use of antonyms, identifying antonyms in a dictionary or thesaurus Everyday sayings, idioms, common expressions, euphemisms, implied meanings, clichés, folklore: (epic, folktales, fables, fairy tales, myths, parables, tall tales) Using denotation and connotation to determine the context word meaning, using a dictionary and thesaurus to choose the correct word definition and use Examples and definitions of words with Greek and Latin derivatives, using prefixes and suffixes to form words Greek literature: lyric and epic poetry, drama, philosophy, histories, Homer: (Iliad, Odyssey), Hesiod, didactic, epic, melic, elegiac, iambic, choral poetry, hexameter, pentameter, Golden Age, Athens, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Oedipus, Euripides, Drama, Dionysus, Old Comedy, Middle Comedy, New Comedy, Menander, prose, Sophists, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Macedonia, Phillip II, Alexander the Great, Hellenistic Age, Epicurus, pastoral poetry, Polybius, Greco-Roman Age, Neoplatonic School of philosophy Recognizing the correct use of homonyms and homophones Allegory, alliteration, allusion, description, epic, irony: (dramatic irony, irony of situation, verbal irony) metaphor, paradox, personification, rhyme, rhyme scheme, satire, simile, stanza: (couplet, tercet, quatrain, cinquain, sestet, heptastich, octave), symbols and symbolism, verse Essay: Short Answer Essay: Short Answer Essay: Illustration Essay: Short Answer Essay: Expository Essay: Persuasive Essay: Short Answer 161

168 English Skills IX Grade Level 9 Antagonist, character, characterization, dialogue, flashback, foreshadowing, imagery, mood, plot: (exposition, inciting incident, central conflict, climax, Reading - Language resolution, rising action, denouement, falling action) point of view: (first Arts Terms 2 person, third person, omniscient, limited), protagonist, sequence of events, setting, soliloquy, theme, tone Reading - Multiple Meaning Words Using a dictionary to identify the multiple meanings of words Essay: Short Answer Reading - Paraphrasing- Summarizing 13 Reading - Poetry Reading - Purpose in Writing Reading - Reading Strategies Reading - Story Details & Sequence Direct quotations, paraphrasing, summarizing, plagiarizing, examples of paraphrasing and summarizing, the SQ3R method for learning new material (survey, question, read, recite, review) Poetry definition, imagery, figurative language, rhyme, lines, stanzas, basic forms of poetry: (ballad, sonnet, lyric, narrative, limerick), Shakespearean sonnet, line break, setting, theme Writing process, points to consider when selecting an audience, writing: (narrative, persuasive, descriptive, expository), transitional words: (further information, directional change, sequence and order, explanation, emphasis, location and setting, compare and contrast, summary and conclusion, time), order: (spatial order, chronological order, order of importance, logical order), point of view Answer who, what, when, where, why, and how questions in a reading selection; increase reading comprehension through the use and examination of the following: (vocabulary words, pronouns, cause and effect, story sequence, compare and contrast, author's tone, predicting outcomes); transitional words: (further information, directional change, sequence and order, explanation, emphasis, location and setting, compare and contrast, summary and conclusion, time) Writing style: (word choice, tone, degree of formality, figurative language, rhythm, grammatical structure, sentence length, organization), story elements: (characterization, setting, plot, conflict, point of view), conflict: (man versus man, character versus self, man versus nature, man versus society, man versus fate or destiny), recall details from stories, put story parts in order or sequence, using visualization, story pattern, chronology, flashback and foreshadowing, plot routes, the SWBS technique, transitional words: (further information, directional change, sequence and order, explanation, emphasis, location and setting, compare and contrast, summary and conclusion, time) Essay: Short Report Essay: Short Answer Essay: Letter Writing Essay: Short Answer Essay: Narrative 162

169 English Skills IX Grade Level 9 17 Reading - Synonyms Improving vocabulary through the use of synonyms, identifying synonyms in a dictionary or thesaurus Essay: Paragraph 18 Reading - Word Strategies for critical recognition of small words in larger words, using context, Recognition prefixes, suffixes, and roots to identify unknown words Essay: Short Answer Usage Skills 19 Identify and correctly use abbreviations for states, countries, addresses, Usage - measurement, months, days of the week, time, titles, government Abbreviations Essay: Letter Writing departments and offices, organizations 20 Usage - Appositives Definition and use of appositives and appositive phrases, punctuation with appositives Essay: Short Answer 21 Usage - Capitalization 22 Usage - Clauses 23 Usage - Compound Words 24 Usage - Nouns 25 Usage - Parts of Speech 26 Usage - Phrases 27 Usage - Pronouns Rules for capitalizing names, dates, geographic names, government departments and offices, organizations, seasons, days of the week, months, holidays, title or rank, historic events, historic periods, historic documents, geographic directions, planets, proper adjectives Definition and use of independent and subordinate (dependent) clauses, relative pronouns, clauses that act as adjectives Definition and examples of compound words, students identify compound words, hyphenated compound words, compound nouns, compound personal pronouns, unjoined compound words, gerunds Parts of speech: (noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection), definition and use of nouns, common and proper nouns, concrete and abstract nouns Definition and use of prepositions and direct objects, prepositional phrases, compound prepositions, objective case pronouns, conjunctions: (coordinating, correlative conjunctions), use of interjections Definition of a phrase, types of phrases: (verb, noun, prepositional, adjective, adverb), object of the preposition, modifiers Definition of a pronoun, pronoun types: (personal, relative, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite), antecedents and personal pronouns, singular and plural pronouns, first, second and third person pronouns, pronoun cases: (nominative, objective, possessive), pronoun genders: (masculine, feminine, neutral), reflexive pronouns Essay: Paragraph Essay: Paragraph Essay: Short Answer Essay: Descriptive Essay: Paragraph Essay: Short Answer Essay: Paragraph 163

170 English Skills IX Grade Level 9 Use of end marks in sentences: (period, question mark, exclamation point), Usage - Punctuation use of punctuation: (to enclose, to link, to show omission, to separate), Essay: Short Answer 1 sentence types: (declarative sentence, imperative, exclamatory, interrogative), use of periods in abbreviations Usage - Punctuation 2 Usage - Sentence Construction 31 Usage Problems 32 Usage - Verbs 1 33 Usage - Verbs Usage - Writing Process Overview Vocab - Final Consonant Blends Vocab - Initial Blends Vocab - Short Vowel Review Vocab - Silent Letters Vocab - Spelling Review Vocab - Vowel Diphthong Review Use of a comma in a compound sentence, commas used with other punctuation; use of a comma to separate introductory words, transitional words, introductory participial phrases, long introductory prepositional phrases, introductory adverb clauses Definition of a sentence; fragment; run-on; declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative sentences Correct use of subject verb agreement, phrases: (verb, prepositional, adjective), pronouns, collective nouns, use of singular and plural, review of most grammar rules Definition and use of verbs, action verbs: (physical action, mental action), transitive verbs, intransitive verbs, and linking verbs Verb tenses, regular and irregular verbs, action verbs, linking verbs, helping verbs, verb phrases, transitive and intransitive verbs, main verbs Overview of the writing process, writing activity, prewriting, clustering, brainstorming, five senses chart, six big questions, free writing, looping, chronological order, spatial order, order of importance, transitional words: (further information, directional change, sequence and order, explanation, emphasis, location, compare and contrast, summary and conclusion, time) Vocabulary Skills Review of ending blends /ld/, /lt/, /nd/, /nt/, /ry/, /ty/, and /nk/; students complete words with the correct consonant blend Definition and review of consonant blends using /bl/, /br/, /cl/, /cr/, /dr/, /fl/, /fr/, /gl/, /gr/, /pl/, and /pr/ Students identify short vowel sounds Introduction of words that use silent letters /kn/, /wr/, and /gn/; students complete words with the correct sounds Using a dictionary, adding suffixes to words, understanding changes with plurals, verbs, vowel sounds, syllabification as a spelling aid, spelling guidelines Diphthongs that use the letters /ou/, /oi/, and /ow/; students complete words using correct vowel combinations Essay: Paragraph Essay: Narrative Essay: Descriptive Essay: Short Answer Essay: Descriptive Essay: Descriptive Essay: Paragraph Essay: Paragraph Essay: Short Answer 164

171 English Skills X Grade Level 10 Reading Skills 1 Reading - Analogies Definition of analogies, students practice completing analogies, strategies for recognizing analogous relationships including the following: compare and contrast, synonyms, antonyms, cause and effect, part to whole, character to Essay: Short Answer member, time to process, object to characteristic, worker to tool, product to worker 2 Reading - Antonyms Definition of antonyms; students practice finding antonyms for words; using the thesaurus as a source for antonyms Essay: Paragraph 3 Reading - Dictionary How to use a dictionary, parts of the dictionary and dictionary entry, syllabication, pronunciation, superscript numbers, word forms, parts of speech, Essay: Short Answer definitions, thesaurus, guide words, reference materials 4 Reading - Fact and Opinion 5 Reading - Folklore Reading - Language Arts Terms 1 Reading - Language Arts Terms 2 Reading - Latin and Greek Roots 1 Reading - Latin and Greek Roots 2 Identify facts, opinions and sense words, choose significant details which do or do not support the main idea, identify information which gives support for opinions, using judgment, appealing to emotions; logic, loaded words, literature: (poems, short stories, novels, essays, plays), transitional words, order: (spatial order, chronological order, order of importance, logical order), writing: (narrative, persuasive, descriptive, expository), drawing conclusions Folklore, definition and examples of fable, folktales, tall tale, myth, fantasy, parable, heroes, proverb, fairy tale, symbolism, Greek gods and goddesses (Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Hestia), epic, Homer, Iliad, and Odyssey Definition of literary terms: autobiography, ballad, biography, fiction, nonfiction, fantasy, fable, tall tale, myth, tragedy, genre, parable, literary style, motif, persona, epiphany, figures of speech, literal language, figurative language Definition of poetry terms: anapest, blank verse, caesura, couplet, dactyl, foot, iamb, meter, monologue, poetry, prosody, pyrrhic, refrain, repetition, rhythm, scansion, sonnet, spondee, trochee, terza rima, versification Expanding vocabulary through the study of common Latin and Greek roots Expanding vocabulary through the study of common Latin and Greek roots Essay: Paragraph Essay: Narrative Essay: Expository Essay: Short Answer 165

172 English Skills X Grade Level 10 Roman Empire, Latins, Etruscans, Roman Republic, Greco-Roman Age, Plutarch, Lucian, Stoicism, Epictetus, Ptolemy, Galen, Latin literature: (Early 10 Period, Golden Age, Age of Cicero, Augustan Age, Silver Age), Livius Reading - Latin Andronicus, Gnaeus Naevius, Latin tragedies, Quintus Ennius, Latin comedies, Literature Essay: Compare and Contrast Plautus, Golden Age of Roman Literature, Cicero, orations, Julius Caesar, Sallust, Catullus, Lucretius, Varro, Epicurus, Zeno, Virgil, Aeneid, Horace, elegiac poetry, Pliny the Elder, fall of Rome 11 Reading - Main Idea Identify main idea and details, recognize the title as a source of the main idea, determine the key words and topic sentence, supporting sentences including anecdotes, facts, and statistics, clincher sentences, theme, fiction, historical fiction, nonfiction Essay: Short Answer 12 Reading - Making Make an inference based on feelings and motives, mannerism, definitions and Inferences examples of feelings and motives, drawing conclusions, characterization Essay: Paragraph 13 Reading - Multiple Meaning Words 14 Reading - Poetry 15 Reading - Prefixes 16 Reading - Story Elements 17 Reading - Suffixes 18 Reading - Synonyms 19 Reading - Words in Context Using a dictionary to identify the multiple meanings of words, parts of speech, thesaurus Types of poetry: (lyric, dramatic, narrative), stanza: (couplet, tercet, quatrain, cinquain, sestet, heptastich, octave), theme, rhyme, rhyme scheme, figurative language: (personification, simile, metaphor), imagery, sonnet: (Elizabethan, Shakespearean, English), iambic pentameter, rhythm, heroic couplet, haiku, dramatic monologue, narrative poetry, ballad, epic, in media res, metrical romances, concrete poem, diamante poem Using prefixes from the Greek, French, and Latin languages to determine word meaning, suffixes, and roots; using a dictionary to determine word origin (etymology) Narrative writing: (creative nonfiction, historical fiction, nonfiction), characterization, plot, setting, point of view, fiction, nonfiction, historical fiction, creative fiction, autobiography, biography, conflict, novella, novel, short story Using suffixes from the Greek, French, and Latin languages to determine word meaning, prefixes, roots, suffixes that create nouns and adjectives Definition and identification of synonyms; sources: dictionary and thesaurus; examples of synonyms Using denotation and connotation to determine the context word meaning, using a dictionary and thesaurus to choose the correct word definition, euphemisms Essay: Paragraph Essay: Expository Essay: Short Answer CV Video Essay: Short Answer Essay: Paragraph Essay: Paragraph Essay: Persuasive 166

173 English Skills X Grade Level 10 Usage Skills 20 Usage - Adjectives Definition and use of adjectives, articles, proper adjectives and predicates, demonstrative adjectives, interrogative pronouns as adjectives, indefinite pronouns as adjectives, possessive nouns, common and proper nouns Essay: Descriptive Capitalization of proper nouns and proper adjectives, review of rules for 21 buildings, monuments, awards, ships, planets and other heavenly bodies Usage - capitalizing names, titles, locations, historical events, historic periods, Capitalization movements, documents, special events, days of the week, months, holidays, Essay: Brochure Definition and use of adjective and adverb clauses, noun clauses, subjects, direct objects, predicate nominatives, indirect objects, appositives, objects of 22 Usage - Clauses prepositions, prepositional phrases, clauses: (independent, subordinate, Essay: Expository dependent); sentence structure: (simple, compound, complex, compoundcomplex) 23 Usage - Nouns Common and proper nouns, collective and compound nouns, concrete and abstract nouns, one word, two word, and hyphenated words Essay: Persuasive 24 Usage - Parts of a Sentence Identify the simple and complete subject in a sentence Essay: Scavenger Hunt 25 Usage - Parts of Speech Parts of speech: (noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection), recognize and use the eight parts of speech in sentences, verb phrase Essay: Short Answer 26 Usage - Pronouns Pronouns: (relative, interrogative, indefinite, relative, personal), antecedents Essay: Expository Usage - Punctuation Comma use, commas in bibliographic references, parenthetical expression, use 27 Essay: Descriptive 1 of punctuation in direct quotations, abbreviations, dates, addresses Usage - Punctuation Use a colon: (time of day, salutation in a business letter; the use of 28 Essay: Letter Writing 2 semicolons) 29 Essay: Paragraph Definition and use of participles, participial phrases, phrases that act as 30 Usage - Verbals 1 Essay: Paragraph adjectives 31 Usage - Verbals 2 Definition and use of gerunds Essay: Descriptive Principle parts of verbs: present tense, past tense, past participle, and present 32 Usage - Verbs 1 Essay: Short Answer participle Transitive and intransitive verbs; identify the mood and voice of verbs; 33 Usage - Verbs 2 Essay: Short Answer indicative, imperative, and subjunctive moods; active and passive voice Usage - Usage Avoiding shifts in tense, redundancies, eliminating unnecessary words, Problems producing effective writing 167

174 English Skills X Grade Level Vocabulary Skills Vocab - Final Consonant Blends Review of ending blends /ct/, /st/, /sk/, /rm/, and /rn/ Essay: Short Answer Vocab - Initial 3- Examples of words having /scr/, /spr/, /spl/, /squ/, /sch/, and /thr/ blends, Letter Blends students complete words with the correct blends Essay: Short Answer Identify initial, medial, and final single consonant sounds and sound-letter Vocab - Letters and correspondences, blends and digraphs, troublesome consonant sounds, Pronunciation clusters, diacritical marks Essay: Activity Vocab - Silent Introduction of words that use silent letters /gh/, /sc/, /rh/, and /dge/, Letters students complete words with the correct sounds Vocab - Vowel Sounds Review Use of vowel consonant vowel clusters to create long /a/, /e/, /i/, and /u/ vowel sounds, silent letter, students identify long /a/, /e/, /i/, and /u/ words Essay: Short Answer 168

175 English Skills XI Grade Level Reading Skills Periods of American Literature: Exploration Period and Colonial Period to 1763, Reading - American Revolutionary Period to 1787, National Period to 1820, Romantic Literature 1 Essay: Persuasive Period to 1860 Reading - American Literature 2 Reading - Cause and Effect Reading - Characterization Reading - Classifying Information Reading - Context Clues and Reading Reading - Farce and Satire Reading - Foreign Terms Reading - Homophones & Homographs Reading - Language Arts Terms 1 Reading - Language Arts Terms 2 Periods of American Literature: Realism Period to 1914, Modernism Period 1914 to the end of World War II in 1945, Post-Modernism Period to the present Writing strategies: (narration, description, step by step instruction), comparison and contrast, cause and effect, students identify various causes and effects by reading clues, analyzing historical events, tips for writing cause and effect analyses, linking words and phrases Make an inference based on character traits using description and dialogue, examples of how authors use characterization Definition of classifying information, students classify various groups of items, newspapers, library, yellow pages, Dewey Decimal System, atlases, encyclopedias, almanacs Select the correct meaning for unfamiliar words using definition restatement, comparison, contrast, cause and effect, using synonyms as context clues Identify the elements of farce and satire; identify and correctly use oxymorons, parody, types of irony, and foil Foreign terms that enrich and extend vocabularies Definition and examples of homophones and homographs Antonym, apostrophe, aside, chorus, comedy, dialect, diction, euphemism, farce, folklore, homograph, homonym, homophone, Horation satire, idiom, Jouvenalian satire, melodrama, moral, onomatopoeia, oxymoron, parody, proverb, saga, synonym, syntax, treatise Assonance, consonance, dramatic poetry, elegy, end-stopped line, enjambment, epinikion, epistle, fixed poetry, free verse, haiku, heroic couplet, iambic pentameter, iambic poetry, in media res, kenning, limerick, lyric poetry, melic poetry, narrative poetry, ode, parallelism, rhyme types: (end, true, slant, eye, internal rhyme) Essay: Descriptive Essay: Short Answer Essay: Paragraph Essay: Research Plan Writing Essay: Short Answer Essay: Descriptive Essay: Short Report Essay: Short Answer 169

176 English Skills XI Grade Level 11 Reading - Latin and Expanding vocabulary through the study of common Latin and Greek roots Greek Roots 1 Essay: Short Answer Reading - Latin and Expanding vocabulary through the study of common Latin and Greek roots Greek Roots 2 Essay: Short Answer Reading - Mood and Tone 15 Reading - Poetry 16 Reading - Point of View 17 Reading - Prefixes 18 Reading - Suffixes 19 Reading - Thesaurus 20 Reading - Universal Themes in Literature 21 Usage - Adjectives Identify elements of mood and tone, flashback, foreshadowing, imagery; creating the mood in writing, how to identify the mood and tone in a reading selection Stanzas: (couplet: two line stanza; tercet: three line stanza; quatrain: four line stanza; cinquain: five line stanza; sestet: six line stanza; heptastich: seven line stanza; octave: eight line stanza), theme, setting, imagery, figurative language, figures of speech: (hyperbole, metaphor, personification, simile, symbol), rhyme types: (masculine, feminine, end, true, slant, eye, internal), rhyme scheme, alliteration, consonance, assonance, parallelism, onomatopoeia, kenning, free verse, caesura Recognize first-person and third-person points of view, narrator, omniscient point of view, limited point of view Using prefixes from the Greek, French, and Latin languages to determine word meaning, suffixes, and roots, using a dictionary to determine word origin (etymology) Using suffixes from the Greek, French, and Latin languages to determine word meaning, prefixes, and roots, suffixes that create nouns and adjectives, How to use a thesaurus as a resource to find words with similar meanings (synonyms) Definition and examples of conflicts: (man versus man, man versus nature, man versus self), elements of a plot: (exposition, inciting incident, central conflict, climax, resolution, rising action, falling action) universal themes of literature: (individual and self, individual and individual, individual and family, individual and society, individual and nature, individual and the universe, individual as a hero) Usage Skills Predicate adjectives, suffix endings of adjectives, adjectives as modifiers, identify and use the positive, comparative and superlative forms of adjectives, identifying adjectives in relationship to nouns and verbs, irregular forms of adjectives Essay: Persuasive Essay: Expository Essay: Narrative Essay: Short Answer Essay: Paragraph Essay: Descriptive Study: CV Videos Essay: Expository Essay: Descriptive 170

177 English Skills XI Grade Level Usage - Capitalization Review of common capitalization rules Essay: Letter Writing 23 Usage - Clauses Independent and subordinate clauses, definition and use of noun, adverb, and adjective clauses, diagramming adjective and noun clauses, finding clauses in compound-complex sentences, predicate nominative, relative pronouns, Essay: Paragraph coordinating conjunctions 24 Usage - Infinitives Definition and use of infinitives, infinitive phrase, use of infinitives and infinitive phrases as direct objects, predicate nominative Essay: Short Answer 25 Usage - Nouns Classification of nouns: (common or proper, concrete or abstract, compound and collective), identifying the determiner of a noun, singular and plural nouns, suffix endings, plural forms of words with Greek and Latin origins Essay: Short Answer 26 Usage - Parts of a Identify subject complements, direct and indirect objects, and objective Sentence complements Essay: Narrative 27 Review of the eight parts of speech: (noun, verb, pronoun, adjective, Usage - Parts of conjunction, adverb, preposition, interjection), how to recognize and use the Speech eight parts of speech in sentences Essay: Paragraph Usage - Punctuation 1 Usage - Punctuation 2 Usage - Usage Problems Usage - Verbs Tenses Use of punctuation in quotations, when to use a comma, period, colon, semicolon, question mark, exclamation point, use of quotation marks to enclose titles of short stories, essays, short poems, songs, magazine articles, parts of a book, single television programs, slang expressions, nicknames, Identify when to punctuate using apostrophes, the use of an apostrophe to show possession or the plural forms of words, possessive case of personal pronouns, indefinite pronouns Correct usage of confusing words such as a/an, good/well, discover/invent, bust/busted, could/have, accept/except, between/among, bring/take, affect/effect/ beside/besides, anywhere/everywhere, don't/doesn't, fewer/less, nowhere/somewhere Conjugation of regular and irregular verbs, present, past and past participle forms of verbs, helping verbs, transitive and intransitive verbs Essay: Narrative Essay: Paragraph Essay: Narrative Essay: Descriptive Vocabulary Skills 32 Vocab - Consonants Students place consonants at the beginning or end of words Essay: Short Answer 33 Vocab - Digraphs Review of digraphs, students complete words using /sh/, /ch/, /wh/, and /th/ Essay: Short Answer 34 Vocab - R-Controlled Sounds Review of /er/ and /or/ sounds, students complete words using correct /ar/, /er/, /ir/, /ur/ and /or/ spelling Essay: Short Answer 171

178 English Skills XI Grade Level Vocab - Syllables- The identification and use of closed, open and accented syllables, using a Essay: Paragraph Pronunciation pronunciation key Vocab - The Sounds Review of sounds made by /oo/, students identify /oo/ sounds in words Essay: Paragraph of /oo/ 172

179 English Skills XII Grade Level 12 Reading Skills Periods of English Literature: Classical Period B.C. to 455 A.D.; Medieval Reading - British Period A.D. to 1485; Renaissance and the Commonwealth Period Literature 1 Essay: Persuasive to 1660 Reading - British Literature 2 Reading - Compare & Contrast Reading - Connotation & Denotation Periods of English Literature: Neoclassical Period to 1790; Romantic Period to 1830; Victorian Period to 1901; Edwardian Era ; Modernism to 1945; Post-Modernism Period to the present Definition and examples of comparing and contrasting ideas, events, characters, etc.; similarities and differences Recognize the denotation and connotation of a word in a sentence 5 Reading - Drama Elements and types of drama: tragedy, melodrama, comedy, modern drama 6 Reading - Etymology History of words derived from names and places Reading - Foreign Phrases 1 Reading - Foreign Phrases 2 Reading - Foreign Phrases 3 Reading - Foreign Terms 1 Reading - Foreign Terms 2 Reading - Genres and Literary Periods Understanding examples of foreign phrases Understanding examples of foreign phrases Understanding examples of foreign phrases Examples of common foreign terms used in the English language Examples of common foreign terms used in the English language Almanac, anecdote, anthology, antithesis, aphorism, carpe diem, character types (round, flat, static, dynamic), conceit, connotation, convention, denotation, Electra complex, epigram, epigraph, epilogue, epitaph, epithet, foil, hamartia, metonymy, mock epic, narration, Oedipus complex, order: (spatial order, chronological order, order of importance, and logical order), oxymoron, pastoral, prologue, prose, pseudonym, pun, sarcasm, stream-of-consciousness, subplot, synecdoche, tragic flaw, universal themes of literature Essay: Persuasive Essay: Compare and Contrast Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Short Answer Essay: Short Answer Essay: Persuasive Essay: Expository Essay: Letter Writing Essay: Short Report 173

180 13 14 English Skills XII Grade Level 12 Genre, Latin literature, Age of Reason, Classical literature, contemporary literature, diary, didactic literature, dystopian literature, Enlightenment, epistolary novel, Gilded Age, Gothic novel, Harlem Renaissance, Humanism, Reading - Language journal, novels of local color, memoirs, Middle Ages, Modernism, Naturalism, Arts Terms Neoclassicism, novel, novel of manners, novella, picaresque novel, Post- modernism, Realism, regional novel, Renaissance, Romanticism, sentimental novel, short story, Transcendentalism, and the Victorian Age of literature Reading - Literary Devices Literary devices: alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia, figurative language, personification, hyperbole, parallelism, antitheses, apostrophe, epithet, metonymy, synecdoche Essay: Descriptive 15 Reading - Metaphors and Similes Definition of metaphor and simile; use of metaphors and similes in literature 16 Reading - Outcomes Definition of outcome and conclusion; using flashback and symbolism to predict and Conclusions outcomes and conclusions Essay: Narrative 17 Reading - Poetry Elements of poetry; rhyme types; ballad; limerick; haiku; elegy; sonnet; ode; saga 18 Reading - Prefixes and Suffixes Definition and examples of commonly used prefixes and suffixes Essay: Short Answer 19 Reading - Use of propaganda and bias in various forms of written works; loaded words; Propaganda and Bias name calling; bandwagon; testimonials; statistics Elements of prose; types of prose: mysteries; short stories; novels; 20 Reading - Prose biographies; autobiographies; formal and informal essays; narrative, descriptive, expository, and persuasive essays Usage Skills 21 Usage - Adverbs Definition and use of adverbs; negative adverbs; degrees of comparison Essay: Short Answer 22 Usage - Clauses Review Review of adjective, adverb, and noun clauses Essay: Descriptive Usage - 23 Diagramming Review phrases; diagramming of participial phrases, gerunds, and infinitives Essay: Short Answer Phrases 24 Usage - Diagramming Sentences 25 Usage - Nouns Diagramming imperative sentences and sentences with compound subjects and verbs Nouns as subjects; proper and common nouns; concrete and abstract nouns; compound nouns Essay: Persuasive Essay: Persuasive Essay: Poster Essay: Paragraph Essay: Short Answer Essay: Short Answer 174

181 English Skills XII Grade Level Usage - Parts of Speech Review of the eight parts of speech Essay: Short Answer 27 Usage - Punctuation Correct usage of italics, parentheses, dash, and hyphen in sentences Essay: Paragraph 28 Usage - Usage Correct usage of grammar including double subjects; learn/teach; leave/let; Problems some/somewhat; than/then; a/an Essay: Letter Writing 29 Usage - Verbs Identify action and state of being verbs; verb tenses (past, present, future); irregular verbs; subject-verb agreement Essay: Narrative Vocabulary Skills 30 Vocab - Letter Review of sounds made by /au/ and /aw/; students identify /au/ and /aw/ Combinations sounds in words 31 Vocab - Root Words- Root words without spelling changes; root words with spelling changes; Word Families changing the first or last letters to form word families Essay: Short Answer 32 Vocab - Two Sounds Hard c and soft c explained; examples of words containing both sounds; for C students identify hard and soft c in words Essay: Narrative 33 Vocab - Two Sounds Hard /g/ and soft /g/ explained; examples of words containing both sounds; for G students identify hard and soft /g/ in words Essay: Short Answer 34 Vocab - Two Sounds for S Students identify words with the soft sound of s /s/ and the hard sound of s /z/ Essay: Short Answer 175

182 Writing I XII Grade Levels 1 12 GlobalCourseware Writing I XII introduces students to a variety of topics including: learning to write a complete sentence comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of writing developing ideas organizing the structure of a story structure of paragraphs, essays, short reports, letters, and short stories drafting, revision, and proofreading varieties of writing formats personal narratives journals newspaper writing descriptive writing comparing and contrasting sensory words figurative language formal and informal language composing essays writing resumes short reports research papers expressing opinions 176

183 Writing I XII Grade Levels 1 12 The GlobalCourseware Writing courses are comprehensive, completely integrated courses for grades This program directs the students through the entire writing process from learning to write a complete sentence to expressing themselves creatively through essays or other forms of writing. The GlobalCourseware Writing titles are designed to move students to the comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation levels of learning. Writing is presented as a collection of year-long courses. All lessons in the twelve courses contain an integrated study guide, and essay or constructed response. Lessons include a variety of essay types such as descriptive, persuasive, expository, and letter writing. Some courses are enriched by Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition (EB) workspaces that contain learning materials. Learning materials may contain articles, games, images, maps, and/or videos. 177

184 Writing I XII Grade Levels 1 12 The content in these courses is designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) for the Standards of English Language Arts. The Writing titles emphasize six aspects of writing, including ideas, organization, voice, word choice, fluency and conventions. Students will learn varieties of writing formats that include personal narratives, journals, newspaper writing, and descriptive writing. Upper grade level titles develop skills in generating ideas, composing essays, writing resumes, short reports, and research papers, and expressing opinions in preparation for standardized exit examinations and college entrance examinations. The Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition has teacher resources and student learning materials. The materials include a wide range of interactive lessons, research projects, animations, and worksheets that support many GlobalCourseware lessons. Each workspace may contain an article, diagram, study guide, video, or interactive media. The launch icon for EB objects is located at the top of the GC screen in the study guide section. 178

185 Writing I XII Grade Levels 1 12 Software Web Browser Plug-ins Media Player EB Third Party Content EB, PDFs EB Recommendation Software Requirements Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher or Safari 2.0 or higher Adobe Flash Player Adobe Shockwave Player Adobe Reader Java 1.41 or higher Quicktime or Windows Media Player Link for Download (select Get ADOBE FLASH PLAYER) (select Get SHOCKWAVE PLAYER) (select Get ADOBE READER) normally installed with your GlobalCourseware client For further exploration, resource links to the Internet may be provided in some lessons. An Internet connection is required to utilize the EB components of the GlobalCourseware. 179

186 Writing I XII Grade Levels 1 12 The Writing courses each contain a variety of lessons and differ in length, grade level, and available features. Listed below are the courses found within the curriculum planning manual. Course Name Number of Lessons Grade Levels Writing I 30 1 Writing II 34 2 Writing III 34 3 Writing IV 38 4 Writing V 45 5 Writing VI 45 6 Writing VII 45 7 Writing VIII 45 8 Writing IX 41 9 Writing X Writing XI Writing XII

187 Writing I Grade Level 1 1 Writing Sentences 1 Writing complete sentences 2 Writing Sentences 2 Recognizing simple and compound sentences 3 Writing Sentences 3 Defining, identifying, and using declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences 4 Paragraphs Definition and examples of writing paragraphs: descriptive, exploratory, narrative, instructive, comparative, and contrasting paragraphs 5 Writing Formats 1 Writing personal narratives 6 Writing Formats 2 Writing stories, including illustrated books 7 Writing Formats 3 Writing friendly letters 8 Writing Formats 4 Journal Writing 9 Writing Formats 5 Writing about literature Essay: Illustration 10 Writing Formats 6 Writing descriptions 11 Writing Formats 7 Writing newspaper stories 12 Writing Formats 8 Writing titles for stories and pictures 13 Writing Formats 9 Writing stories with a logical sequence including a beginning, middle, and ending 14 Writing Formats 10 Writing story details 15 Creative Writing 1 Creative activities and writing Essay: Activity 16 Creative Writing 2 Writing poems using rhyming sounds, word patterns, onomatopoeia, and alliteration 17 Story Elements Writing from a character s point of view 18 Sensory Words Using specific words that appeal to the senses 19 Sketches 1 Writing a biographical sketch 20 Sketches 2 Writing autobiographical sketches 21 Spelling and Writing Identifying and spelling words used frequently in writing 22 Personal Information Writing personal identification data: home address, phone number, parent s name 23 Ideas and Opinions Writing sentences to express personal ideas and opinions 24 Variety in Communication Communicating thoughts using sentences and paragraphs 25 Sequence Organizing written ideas into a chronological sequence 26 Writing Process 1 Finding and narrowing a topic 27 Writing Process 2 Pre-writing, brainstorming for ideas, using illustrations to generate ideas 28 Writing Process 3 Writing, using strategies to produce a draft 181

188 Writing I Grade Level 1 29 Writing Process 4 Revising the draft, adding descriptive words, checking the appropriate use of sentence types, paragraph structure 30 Writing Process 5 Proofreading: using a dictionary, editing for grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling 182

189 Writing II Grade Level 2 1 Writing Sentences 1 Writing complete sentences, subject/predicate 2 Writing Sentences 2 Sentence fragments 3 Writing Sentences 3 Run-on sentences 4 Sentence Types 1 Recognizing simple and compound sentences 5 Sentence Types 2 Defining, identifying, and using declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences 6 Writing Process 1 Finding and narrowing a topic Essay: Illustration 7 Writing Process 2 Pre-writing: brainstorming for ideas, using illustrations to generate ideas 8 Writing Process 3 Writing: using strategies to produce a draft 9 Writing Process 4 Revising the draft: adding descriptive words, checking the appropriate use of sentence types, paragraph structure 10 Writing Process 5 Proofreading: editing for grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling 11 Writing Process 6 Publishing: using a variety of resources including pictures to produce written work 12 Paragraphs 1 Definition and examples of writing paragraphs: descriptive, exploratory, narrative, and instructive 13 Paragraphs 2 Developing topic sentences, using indention when needed, using supporting details 14 Paragraphs 3 Order in paragraphs: main ideas of paragraphs, developing, and organizing paragraphs 15 Narratives Writing personal narratives and stories with a beginning, middle and end, narrating events in sequence 16 Letters Writing friendly letters and addressing envelopes 17 Journals Using a journal to improve writing skills 18 Descriptions Writing a description of people, places, and events 19 Newspaper Stories Writing a newspaper story using who, what, where, when, why, and how 20 Titles Writing a title for stories and pictures 21 Story Endings Writing story endings, finishing incomplete stories, and writing sequels 22 Details Recognizing and using details to enhance and support writing 23 Book Report Writing a brief summary of a book, providing an opinion about the quality of the book 24 Sensory Words Using specific words that appeal to the senses 25 Biography Writing a biographical paragraph 26 Autobiography Writing an autobiographical paragraph 27 Expository Writing Writing a paragraph that explains with facts and examples or gives directions 183

190 Writing II Grade Level 2 28 Comparison and Writing a paragraph showing the similarities and differences among characters, Contrast settings, or events 29 Ideas and Opinions Writing sentences to express personal ideas and opinions 30 Literary Conventions Using simple literary conventions in writing: once upon a time, talking animals, enchanted forests, moral of a story 31 Figurative Language Reviewing onomatopoeia and alliteration 32 Creative Writing 1 Using story starters to begin the writing process 33 Creative Writing 2 Writing poems using rhyming sounds, word patterns, onomatopoeia, and alliteration 34 Information Accessing information from a variety of sources, using a table of contents, glossary, and index 184

191 Writing III Grade Level 3 1 Writing Sentences 1 Writing complete sentences, subject/predicate 2 Writing Sentences 2 Identifying the subject and predicate in complete sentences 3 Writing Sentences 3 Using periods in complete sentences 4 Sentence Types 1 Recognizing simple and compound sentences, correctly using commas in sentences 5 Sentence Types 2 Defining, identifying, and writing declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences 6 Writing Process 1 Finding and narrowing a writing topic 7 Writing Process 2 Pre-writing: brainstorming for ideas, using illustrations to generate ideas 8 Writing Process 3 Writing: using strategies to produce a writing draft 9 Writing Process 4 Revising the draft: adding descriptive words, checking the appropriate use of sentence types, paragraph structure and time order 10 Writing Process 5 Proofreading: using a dictionary, editing for grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling 11 Writing Process 6 Publishing: using a variety of resources including pictures to produce written work 12 Paragraphs 1 Definition and examples of writing paragraphs: descriptive, expository, narrative, instructive, comparative, and contrasting paragraphs 13 Paragraphs 2 Developing topic sentences, using indention when needed, using supporting details 14 Paragraphs 3 Order in paragraphs, main ideas of paragraphs, using time-ordered words 15 Narratives Writing personal narratives and stories with a beginning, middle, and end, narrating events in sequence 16 Letters Writing friendly letters and addressing envelopes 17 Journals Using a journal to improve writing skills 18 Descriptions Writing a description of people, places and events, using adjectives in writing assignments 19 Newspaper Stories Writing a newspaper story using who, what, where, when, and how 20 Titles Writing a title for stories, pictures, poems, and songs 21 Story Endings Writing story endings, finishing incomplete stories, and writing sequels 22 Details Recognizing and using details to enhance and support writing 23 Book Reports Writing a brief summary of a book, providing an opinion about the quality of the book 24 Sensory Words Using specific words that appeal to the senses 25 Biography Identifying a topic, developing details, writing a biographical paragraph 185

192 Writing III Grade Level 3 26 Autobiography Identifying a topic, developing details, writing an autobiographical paragraph 27 Expository Writing Writing a paragraph that explains with facts and examples or gives directions 28 Comparison and Writing a paragraph showing the similarities and differences among characters, Contrast settings or events 29 Ideas and Opinions Writing sentences to express personal ideas and opinions 30 Figurative Language Reviewing onomatopoeia and alliteration in writing 31 Literary Conventions Using simple literary conventions in writing: once upon a time, talking animals, enchanted forests, moral of a story 32 Creative Writing 1 Using story starters to begin the writing process 33 Creative Writing 2 Writing poems using rhyming sounds, word patterns, onomatopoeia, and alliteration 34 Information Accessing information from a variety of sources, using a table of contents, glossary, and index Essay: Activity 186

193 Writing IV Grade Level 4 1 Writing Sentences 1 Writing complete sentences, identifying and using the subject and predicate in sentences 2 Writing Sentences 2 Recognizing sentence fragments and improving sentence writing skills 3 Writing Sentences 3 Identifying run-on sentences 4 Sentence Types 1 Recognizing simple and compound sentences 5 Sentence Types 2 Defining, identifying, and using declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences 6 Writing Process 1 Finding and narrowing a topic 7 Writing Process 2 Pre-writing: brainstorming for ideas, using illustrations to generate ideas 8 Writing Process 3 Writing: using strategies to produce a writing draft 9 Writing Process 4 Revising the draft: adding descriptive words, checking the appropriate use of sentence types and paragraph structure 10 Writing Process 5 Proofreading: using a dictionary, editing for grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling 11 Writing Process 6 Publishing: using a variety of resources using illustrations to produce written work Essay: Activity 12 Paragraphs 1 Definition and examples of writing paragraphs, descriptive, narrative, instructive, comparative, and contrasting paragraphs 13 Paragraphs 2 Developing topic sentences, using indention when needed, using supporting details 14 Paragraphs 3 Developing sequence and order in paragraphs, main ideas of paragraphs, organizing paragraphs Essay: Activity 15 Narratives Writing personal narratives and stories with a beginning, middle, and end, narrate events in sequence 16 Letters Writing a friendly letter Essay: Letter Writing 17 Journals Using a journal to improve writing skills Essay: Journal Writing 18 Descriptions Writing a description of people, places and events using observation skills 19 Newspaper Stories Writing a newspaper story using who, what, where, when, why, and how 20 Titles Writing a title for stories and pictures 21 Story Endings Writing story endings, finishing incomplete stories and writing sequels 22 Details Recognizing and using details to enhance and support writing 23 Book Reports Writing a brief summary of a book, providing an opinion about the quality of the book 24 Short Reports Reporting of facts and opinions to use in writing a short report Essay: Activity 25 Sensory Words Using specific words that appeal to the senses 187

194 Writing IV Grade Level 4 26 Biography Developing an outline for writing a biography, writing a biographical paragraph 27 Autobiography Writing an autobiographical paragraph 28 Expository Writing Writing a paragraph that explains with facts and examples or gives directions 29 Comparison and Writing a paragraph showing the similarities and differences among characters, Contrast settings, or events 30 Imagery Writing a description of a vivid event using all the senses 31 Analogies Recognizing, making, and using analogies in writing 32 Essay Introduction to the essay structure 33 Ideas and Opinions Writing sentences to express personal ideas and opinions 34 Literary Conventions Using simple literary conventions in writing: once upon a time, talking animals, enchanted forests, moral of a story Essay: Narrative Writing 35 Figurative Language Review Reviewing onomatopoeia, alliteration, simile, and metaphor 36 Creative Writing 1 Using story starters to begin the writing process 37 Creative Writing 2 Writing poems using rhyming sounds, word patterns, onomatopoeia, and alliteration 38 Information Accessing information from a variety of sources, using a table of contents, glossary, and index 188

195 Writing V Grade Level 5 1 Writing Process 1 Selecting and narrowing a topic, identifying the audience, writing introductions and conclusions Essay: EB Learning Material 2 Writing Process 2 Writing introductory and concluding sentences 3 Writing Process 3 Brainstorming, preparing a working outline 4 Writing Process 4 Pre-writing: developing the overall focus for the writing selection 5 Writing Process 5 Writing: using a variety of writing strategies, sequencing ideas, creating a writing draft 6 Writing Process 6 Revising: use a variety of techniques to draft and revise the organization, format and sequence and create a new draft of the writing selection 7 Writing Process 7 Proofreading: checking the writing selection for accuracy of grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling 8 Writing Process 8 Publishing the writing selection for specific audiences 9 Writing Sentences 1 Identifying the subject and predicate in complete sentences 10 Writing Sentences 2 Identifying and correcting sentence fragments 11 Writing Sentences 3 Identifying and correcting run-on sentences 12 Sentence Types 1 Recognizing simple and compound sentences 13 Sentence Types 2 Defining, identifying, and using declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences 14 Journal Writing Using a journal to enhance writing skills Essay: Journal Writing 15 Paragraphs 1 Definition and examples of writing paragraphs: descriptive, expository, narrative, persuasive paragraphs 16 Paragraphs 2 Writing topic sentences in paragraphs 17 Paragraphs 3 Developing the paragraph using supporting details and examples 18 Paragraphs 4 Identifying the concluding sentences in writing examples 19 Paragraphs 5 Recognizing the chronological sequence, place order, and order of importance in paragraphs 20 Formal-Informal Language Using appropriate words and phrases in writing selections 21 Paragraphs 6 Writing a narrative paragraph Essay: Narrative Writing 22 Paragraphs 7 Writing an expository paragraph 23 Paragraphs 8 Writing a descriptive paragraph 24 Paragraphs 9 Writing a persuasive paragraph 25 Story Endings Writing story endings, finishing incomplete stories, and writing sequels 26 Letters Writing friendly letters, including the greeting, date, address, and closing, addressing letters, writing business letters, and addressing envelopes Essay: EB Learning Material 189

196 Writing V Grade Level 5 27 Comparing and Recognizing and using comparison and contrast to show the similarities and Contrasting differences in characters, settings, and events from literature 28 Library Using a library to access information; using a table of contents, glossary, and index 29 Newspaper Stories Writing a newspaper story using who, what, where, when, and why 30 Summarizing Summarizing written material from a variety of sources 31 Book Reports Writing a brief summary of a book, providing an opinion about the quality of the book 32 Short Reports Reporting of facts and events on a variety of topics Essay: EB Learning Material Written Response 33 Sketches 1 Creating biographical sketches, using appropriate narrative strategies and sequencing techniques 34 Sketches 2 Creating autobiographical sketches, using appropriate narrative strategies and sequencing techniques 35 Ideas and Opinions Expressing personal ideas and opinions in class discussions or individual situations including reports, letters, journals, and presentations 36 Essays 1 Identifying and using the essay structure including the thesis, introduction, body, and conclusion 37 Essays 2 Recognizing the chronological sequence, place order, and order of importance in essays 38 Essays 3 Writing a narrative essay Essay: Narrative Writing 39 Essays 4 Writing an expository essay 40 Essays 5 Writing a descriptive essay 41 Essays 6 Writing a persuasive essay 42 Creative Writing 1 Writing a short story Essay: EB Learning Material Narrative Writing 43 Creative Writing 2 Writing various types of poetry 44 Creative Writing 3 Writing a play 45 Creative Writing 4 Writing folk literature 190

197 Writing VI Grade Level 6 1 Writing Process 1 Selecting and narrowing a topic, identifying the audience, writing introductions Essay: EB Learning Material and conclusions Written Response 2 Writing Process 2 Writing introductory and concluding sentences 3 Writing Process 3 Brainstorming: preparing a working outline 4 Writing Process 4 Pre-writing: developing the overall focus for the writing selection 5 Writing Process 5 Writing: using a variety of writing strategies, sequencing ideas, creating a writing draft 6 Writing Process 6 Revising: use a variety of techniques to draft and revise the organization, format and sequence, and create a new draft of the writing selection 7 Writing Process 7 Proofreading: checking the writing selection for accuracy in regard to grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling 8 Writing Process 8 Publishing the writing selection for specific audiences 9 Writing Sentences 1 Writing complete sentences 10 Writing Sentences 2 Identifying and correcting sentence fragments 11 Writing Sentences 3 Identifying and correcting run-on sentences 12 Sentence Types 1 Recognizing simple and compound sentences 13 Sentence Types 2 Defining, identifying, and using declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences 14 Journal Writing Using a journal to enhance writing skills Essay: Journal Writing 15 Paragraphs 1 Definition and examples of writing paragraphs: descriptive, expository, narrative, persuasive paragraphs 16 Paragraphs 2 Identifying the topic sentences in writing examples 17 Paragraphs 3 Developing a paragraph using supporting details and examples 18 Paragraphs 4 Identifying the concluding sentences in writing examples 19 Paragraphs 5 Extended order in paragraphs: chronological and spatial importance, transitional expressions 20 Formal-Informal Language Using appropriate words and phrases in writing selections 21 Paragraphs 6 Writing a narrative paragraph Essay: Narrative Writing 22 Paragraphs 7 Writing an expository paragraph 23 Paragraphs 8 Writing a descriptive paragraph 24 Paragraphs 9 Writing a persuasive paragraph 25 Story Endings Writing story endings, finishing incomplete stories, and writing sequels Essay: Narrative Writing 26 Letters Writing friendly letters, including the greeting, date, address, and closing, Essay: EB Learning Material addressing letters, writing business letters, and addressing envelopes Letter Writing 191

198 Writing VI Grade Level 6 27 Analogies Recognizing and using comparison and contrast to show the similarities and differences in persons, places, and things 28 Library Using a library to access information; using a table of contents, glossary, and index 29 Newspaper Stories Writing a newspaper story using who, what, where, when, why, and how 30 Summarizing Summarizing written material from various sources such as magazines, journals, and newspapers 31 Book Reports Writing a brief summary of a book, providing an opinion about the quality of the book 32 Short Reports Reporting of facts and events on a variety of topics Essay: EB Learning Material Written Response 33 Sketches 1 Creating biographical sketches, using appropriate narrative strategies and sequencing techniques 34 Sketches 2 Creating autobiographical sketches, using appropriate narrative strategies and sequencing techniques 35 Ideas and Opinions Expressing personal ideas and opinions in class discussions or individual situations including reports, letters, journals, and presentations 36 Essays 1 Identifying and using the essay structure including the thesis, introduction, body, and conclusion 37 Essays 2 Extended order in essays: chronological and spatial importance, transitional expressions 38 Essays 3 Writing a narrative essay Essay: Narrative Writing 39 Essays 4 Writing an expository essay 40 Essays 5 Writing a descriptive essay 41 Essays 6 Writing a persuasive essay 42 Creative Writing 1 Writing a short story Essay: EB Learning Material Narrative Writing 43 Creative Writing 2 Writing different types of poetry 44 Creative Writing 3 Writing a drama 45 Creative Writing 4 Writing folk literature 192

199 Writing VII Grade Level 7 1 Writing Process 1 Selecting and narrowing a topic, identifying the audience, writing for a variety Essay: EB Learning Material of audiences Letter Writing 2 Writing Process 2 Writing introductions, thesis statements, and conclusions 3 Writing Process 3 Brainstorming, preparing a working outline 4 Writing Process 4 Pre-writing: developing the overall focus for the writing selection 5 Writing Process 5 Writing a first draft using a variety of writing strategies, developing ideas, creating a writing draft 6 Writing Process 6 Revising: use a variety of techniques to draft and revise the organization, format and sequence and create a new draft of the writing selection 7 Writing Process 7 Proofreading: checking the writing selection for accuracy in regard to grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling 8 Writing Process 8 Publishing the writing selection for specific audiences 9 Writing Sentences 1 Recognizing and writing complete sentences 10 Writing Sentences 2 Recognizing and correcting sentence fragments 11 Writing Sentences 3 Recognizing and correcting run-on sentences 12 Sentence Types 1 Recognizing simple and compound sentences, linking compound sentences 13 Sentence Types 2 Defining, identifying, and using declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences 14 Journal Writing Using a journal to improve creative thinking and writing skills Essay: Journal Writing 15 Paragraphs 1 Definition and examples of writing descriptive, expository, narrative, and persuasive paragraphs 16 Paragraphs 2 Identifying the topic sentence, supporting details, and concluding sentence in writing examples 17 Paragraphs 3 Developing the paragraph using sensory, memory, and reflective details 18 Paragraphs 4 Identifying the concluding sentences in writing examples 19 Paragraphs 5 Extended order in paragraphs: chronological and spatial importance, transitional expressions 20 Formal-Informal Language Using appropriate words and phrases in writing selections Essay: Letter Writing 21 Paragraphs 6 Writing a narrative paragraph Essay: Narrative Writing 22 Paragraphs 7 Writing an expository paragraph 23 Paragraphs 8 Writing a descriptive paragraph 24 Paragraphs 9 Writing a persuasive paragraph 25 Story Endings Writing story endings, finishing incomplete stories, and writing sequels Essay: Narrative Writing 193

200 Writing VII Grade Level 7 26 Letters Writing friendly letters, including the greeting, date, address, and closing, Essay: EB Learning Material addressing letters, writing business letters, and addressing envelopes Letter Writing 27 Analogies Recognizing and using comparison and contrast to show the similarities and differences in characters, settings, and events from literature 28 Library Using a library to access information; using a table of contents, glossary, index, encyclopedia, atlas, almanac, and dictionary 29 Newspaper Stories Writing a newspaper story using who, what, where, when, why, and how 30 Summarizing Summarizing written material from a variety of sources 31 Book Reports Identifying the components and the process of writing book reports 32 Short Reports Writing a short report using various research materials Essay: EB Learning Material Activity 33 Sketches 1 Creating biographical sketches, using appropriate narrative strategies and sequencing techniques 34 Sketches 2 Creating autobiographical sketches, using appropriate narrative strategies and sequencing techniques 35 Ideas and Opinions Expressing personal ideas and opinions in writing and discussions 36 Essays 1 Identifying and using the essay structure including the thesis statement, introduction, body, and conclusion 37 Essays 2 Recognizing and using extended chronological and spatial order and transitions in essays 38 Essays 3 Writing a narrative essay Essay: Narrative Writing 39 Essays 4 Writing an expository essay 40 Essays 5 Writing a descriptive essay 41 Essays 6 Writing a persuasive essay 42 Creative Writing 1 Writing a short story using the required elements Essay: EB Learning Material Narrative Writing 43 Creative Writing 2 Recognizing and composing different forms of poetry 44 Creative Writing 3 Recognizing the aspects of drama by learning the components of writing and producing a play 45 Creative Writing 4 Recognizing and writing folk literature including folk tales, myths, legends, and fables 194

201 Writing VIII Grade Level 8 1 Writing Process 1 An overview of the five-step writing process: prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing, 2 Writing Process 2 Identifying the purpose and audience for a writing selection, selecting and narrowing a topic 3 Writing Process 3 Learning and using different prewriting strategies including freewriting, brainstorming, preparing a working outline 4 Writing Process 4 Writing the first draft using prewriting notes, lists, freewrites and clusters, determining a topic, purpose, and audience for a writing selection 5 Writing Process 5 Revising: use a variety of techniques to draft and revise the organization, format and sequence, and create a new draft of the writing selection 6 Writing Process 6 Proofreading: checking the writing selection for accuracy in regard to grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling 7 Writing Process 7 Publishing a writing selection for a specific audience Essay: Letter Writing 8 Writing Process 8 Using research skills to develop supporting details for writing selections Essay: Research 9 Writing Sentences 1 Review: parts of a sentence, subjects, predicates, clauses, phrases, and punctuation 10 Writing Sentences 2 Identifying and writing simple and compound sentences 11 Writing Sentences 3 Distinguishing between complete sentences and sentence fragments 12 Sentence Types 1 Recognizing declarative, imperative, exclamatory, and interrogative sentences and their purposes 13 Sentence Types 2 Identifying and using subordinate phrases within sentences including prepositional, participial, gerund, infinitive and appositive phrases 14 Journal Writing Using a journal to enhance writing skills Essay: Journal Writing 15 Paragraphs 1 Definition and examples of writing paragraphs: descriptive, expository, narrative, and persuasive paragraphs 16 Paragraphs 2 Identifying the structure of a paragraph and the topic sentences in writing examples 17 Paragraphs 3 Developing various types of paragraphs using the topic sentence and supporting details 18 Paragraphs 4 Identifying and writing the concluding sentences in paragraphs 19 Paragraphs 5 Extended order in paragraphs: chronological and spatial importance, transitional expressions 20 Formal-Informal Language Using appropriate formal and informal words and phrases in writing selections 21 Paragraphs 6 Writing a narrative paragraph Essay: Narrative Writing 195

202 Writing VIII Grade Level 8 22 Paragraphs 7 Writing an expository paragraph 23 Paragraphs 8 Writing a descriptive paragraph 24 Paragraphs 9 Writing a persuasive paragraph 25 Story Endings Writing story endings for a variety of writing examples 26 Letters Writing friendly letters, including the greeting, date, address, and closing, Essay: EB Learning Material addressing letters, writing business letters, and addressing envelopes Letter Writing 27 Analogies Using analogies to explain, describe or persuade by comparing a complex process to something simple and easy to understand 28 Library Using library references to access information; using an encyclopedia, atlas, book index, and the Reader/s Guide 29 Newspaper Stories Writing a newspaper story using who, what, where, when, why, and how 30 Summarizing Summarizing written material from various sources 31 Book Reports Writing a summary of a book using different methods including the traditional book report, journal entry, friendly letter, interview, resume, character presentation, or newspaper article 32 Short Reports Reporting of facts and events from primary and secondary sources, surveys, Essay: EB Learning Material and interviews in a short report form Written Response 33 Sketches 1 Creating biographical sketches, using appropriate narrative strategies and sequencing techniques 34 Sketches 2 Creating autobiographical sketches, using appropriate narrative strategies and sequencing techniques 35 Ideas and Opinions Expressing ideas and opinions in personal journals, reports, letters, and poems 36 Essays 1 Identifying and using the essay structure including the thesis statement, introduction, body, and conclusion 37 Essays 2 Extended order in essays: chronological and spatial importance, transitional expressions 38 Essays 3 Writing a narrative essay with a thesis statement, characters, setting, actions, a beginning, middle, and end Essay: Narrative Writing 39 Essays 4 Writing an expository essay using facts and figures, examples, analysis of a process, comparison/contrast, definition, classification, and cause and effect 40 Essays 5 Writing a descriptive essay, using sensory words and figures of speech 41 Essays 6 Writing a persuasive essay identifying a problem and offering a solution, using persuasion to call for action 42 Creative Writing 1 Writing a short story using the elements of setting, main character, conflict, Essay: EB Learning Material scenes or episodes, a climax, and end Narrative Writing 196

203 Writing VIII Grade Level 8 43 Creative Writing 2 Writing various types of poetry including haiku, limerick, concrete, and formula-based poems 44 Creative Writing 3 Identifying the aspects of drama by learning the components of writing and producing a play 45 Creative Writing 4 Identifying and writing various types of folk literature including folk tales, fairy tales, fables, legends, and myths 197

204 Writing IX Grade Level 9 1 Writing Process 1 Selecting and narrowing a topic, identifying the audience, writing introductions Essay: EB Learning Material and conclusions Written Response 2 Writing Process 2 Writing introductory and concluding sentences 3 Writing Process 3 Focusing on the purpose of writing, developing a strong topic sentence 4 Writing Process 4 Developing the main focus of writing, sequencing, using transitional words and phrases 5 Writing Process 5 Revising a writing draft: using different writing styles, correcting sentence structure 6 Writing Process 6 Proofreading: checking the writing selection for accuracy in regard to grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling Essay: Expository 7 Writing Process 7 Publishing the writing selection for specific audiences Essay: Expository 8 Writing Sentences Recognizing complete sentences, avoiding fragment and run-on sentences 9 Sentence Types Reviewing the basic sentence types: simple, compound, complex sentences; improving writing style and form Essay: Activity 10 Journal Writing Using a journal to enhance writing skills Essay: Journal Writing 11 Paragraphs 1 Definition and examples of writing paragraphs: descriptive, expository, narrative, persuasive paragraphs 12 Paragraphs 2 Identifying the topic sentence, supporting and concluding sentences in writing samples 13 Paragraphs 3 Developing the paragraph using supporting details and examples Essay: Expository 14 Paragraphs 4 Extended order in paragraphs: chronological and spatial importance, transitional expressions 15 Paragraphs 5 Identifying the structure in Expository Writing: cause and effect, definition, classification, and process. 16 Formal/Informal Using appropriate words and phrases in writing selections Language 17 Paragraphs 6 Writing a narrative paragraph Essay: Narrative 18 Paragraphs 7 Writing an expository paragraph Essay: Expository 19 Paragraphs 8 Writing a descriptive paragraph Essay: Descriptive 20 Paragraphs 9 Writing a persuasive paragraph Essay: Persuasive 21 Story Endings Writing story endings, finishing incomplete stories, and writing sequels Essay: Narrative 22 Letters Writing friendly letters, including the greeting, date, address, and closing, addressing letters, writing business letters, and addressing envelopes Essay: Letter Writing 23 Analogies Using analogies to explain, describe or persuade by comparing a complex process to something simple and easy to understand 198

205 Writing IX Grade Level 9 24 Library Using a library to access information; using a table of contents, glossary, and index Essay: Activity 25 Newspaper Stories Writing a newspaper story using who, what, where, when, why, and how Essay: Narrative 26 Summarizing Summarizing written material from various sources such as magazines, journals, and newspapers 27 Book Reports Writing a brief summary of a book, providing an opinion about the quality of the book Essay: Short Report 28 Sketches 1 Creating biographical sketches, using appropriate narrative strategies and sequencing techniques Essay: Narrative 29 Sketches 2 Creating autobiographical sketches, using appropriate narrative strategies and sequencing techniques Essay: Narrative 30 Ideas and Opinions Expressing personal ideas and opinions in class discussions or individual situations, reports, stories, letters, poetry, journals, and presentations Essay: Persuasive 31 Essays 1 Identifying and using the essay structure including the thesis, introduction, body, and conclusion Essay: Expository 32 Essays 2 Extended order in essays: chronological and spatial importance, transitional expressions Essay: Expository 33 Essays 3 Writing a narrative essay Essay: Narrative 34 Essays 4 Writing an expository essay Essay: Expository 35 Essays 5 Writing a descriptive essay Essay: Descriptive 36 Essays 6 Writing a persuasive essay Essay: Persuasive 37 Essay Tests Constructing and completing essay test questions 38 Creative Writing 1 Writing short stories Essay: Narrative 39 Creative Writing 2 Writing poetry 40 Creative Writing 3 Writing drama 41 Creative Writing 4 Writing folk literature 199

206 Writing X Grade Level 10 1 Journal Writing Using a journal to enhance writing skills Essay: Journal Writing 2 Writing Process 1 Using writing strategies to generate ideas Essay: EB Learning Material Expository 3 Writing Process 2 Identifying the audience, organizing text, preparing a working outline Essay: Narrative 4 Writing Process 3 Writing a first draft of text using prewriting and organizing as a guide Essay: Narrative 5 Writing Process 4 Revising: use a variety of techniques to draft and revise the organization, format and sequence, and create a new draft of the writing selection Essay: Activity 6 Writing Process 5 Proofreading: checking the writing selection for accuracy in regard to grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling Essay: Narrative 7 Writing Process 6 Publishing the writing selection for specific audiences 8 Writing Sentences Writing complete sentences, correcting sentence fragments and run-on sentences Essay: Journal Writing 9 Sentence Types Recognizing simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences Essay: Journal Writing 10 Paragraphs 1 Review of paragraph structure: topic sentence, supporting statements, concluding sentence Essay: Expository 11 Paragraphs 2 Developing the paragraph using supporting details and examples Essay: Expository 12 Paragraphs 3 Identifying and creating paragraphs using cause and effect, process, and classification Essay: Expository 13 Paragraphs 4 Extended order in paragraphs: chronological and spatial importance, transitional expressions 14 Formal-Informal Using appropriate words and phrases in writing selections Language 15 Paragraphs 5 Writing a narrative paragraph Essay: Narrative 16 Paragraphs 6 Writing an expository paragraph Essay: Expository 17 Paragraphs 7 Writing a descriptive paragraph Essay: Descriptive 18 Paragraphs 8 Writing a persuasive paragraph Essay: Persuasive 19 Analogies Recognizing and using comparison and contrast to show the similarities and differences in characters, settings, and events from literature 20 Correspondence Writing friendly letters, including the greeting, date, address, and closing, addressing letters, writing business letters, and addressing envelopes Essay: Letter Writing 21 Resumes Creating a resume, gathering personal information, revising, and proofing the resume 22 Learning Logs Developing and using a personal learning log using the strategies of questioning, evaluating, and predicting 23 Newspaper Stories Writing a newspaper story using who, what, where, when, why, and how Essay: Narrative Writing 200

207 Writing X Grade Level Library Using a library to access information; using a table of contents, glossary, and index Essay: Activity 25 Using Sources Locating and documenting various writing and research sources Essay: Expository 26 Summarizing Summarizing written material from various sources such as magazines, journals, and newspapers 27 Short Reports Reporting facts and events on a variety of topics Essay: Short Report 28 Essay Structure Identifying and creating structural elements in essays, including the thesis statement, introduction, body, conclusion, and transitional phrases 29 Organizing the Developing and organizing essay material addressing chronological and spatial Essay order Essay: Activity 30 Essays 1 Writing a narrative essay Essay: Narrative 31 Essays 2 Writing an expository essay Essay: Expository 32 Essays 3 Writing a descriptive essay Essay: Descriptive 33 Essays 4 Writing a persuasive essay Essay: Persuasive 34 Research Creating a research essay using documented sources Essay: Research Plan Writing 35 Sketches 1 Creating biographical sketches, using appropriate narrative strategies and sequencing techniques Essay: Narrative 36 Sketches 2 Creating autobiographical sketches, using appropriate narrative strategies and Essay: Narrative sequencing techniques 37 Ideas and Opinions Expressing personal ideas and opinions in class discussions or individual situations, reports, stories, letters, poetry, journals, and presentations 38 Literary Analysis Writing a literary analysis expressing an opinion of the quality of a book or movie 39 Essay Tests Constructing and completing answers to essay test questions Essay: Expository 40 Story Endings Writing story endings, finishing incomplete stories, and writing sequels Essay: Narrative 41 Creative Writing 1 Writing short stories Essay: Descriptive 42 Creative Writing 2 Writing poetry 43 Creative Writing 3 Writing drama 44 Creative Writing 4 Writing folk literature 201

208 Writing XI Grade Level 11 1 Writing Process 1 Selecting and narrowing a topic, identifying the audience, writing introductions, Essay: EB Learning Material and conclusions Persuasive 2 Writing Process 2 Brainstorming, preparing a working outline 3 Writing Process 3 Pre-writing, developing the overall focus for the writing selection 4 Writing Process 4 Writing: using a variety of writing strategies, sequencing ideas, creating a draft 5 Writing Process 5 Revising: use a variety of techniques to draft and revise the organization, format and sequence, and create a new draft of the writing selection Essay: Activity 6 Writing Process 6 Proofreading: checking the writing selection for accuracy in regard to grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling Essay: Activity 7 Writing Process 7 Publishing the writing selection for specific audiences Essay: Activity 8 Writing Sentences Writing complete sentences, identifying and correcting sentence fragments and run-on sentences 9 Sentence Types Recognizing simple, complex, and compound sentences 10 Journal Writing Using a journal to enhance writing skills Essay: Journal Writing 11 Paragraphs 1 Definition and examples of writing paragraphs: descriptive, expository, narrative, persuasive paragraphs 12 Paragraphs 2 Identifying the topic sentences in writing examples 13 Paragraphs 3 Developing the paragraph using supporting details and examples 14 Paragraphs 4 Extended order in paragraphs: chronological and spatial importance, transitional expressions 15 Paragraphs 5 Methods of structure in Expository Writing: cause/effect, definitions, classification, and process Essay: Expository 16 Formal-Informal Using appropriate words and phrases in writing selections Language 17 Paragraphs 6 Writing a narrative paragraph Essay: Narrative 18 Paragraphs 7 Writing an expository paragraph Essay: Expository 19 Paragraphs 8 Writing a descriptive paragraph Essay: Descriptive 20 Paragraphs 9 Writing a persuasive paragraph Essay: Persuasive 21 Story Endings Writing story endings, finishing incomplete stories, and writing sequels 22 Correspondence Writing friendly letters, including the greeting, date, address, and closing, addressing letters, writing business letters, and addressing envelopes Essay: Letter Writing 23 Writing Resumes Preparing a resume for job, scholarship, and college applications 24 Analogies Recognizing and using comparison and contrast to show the similarities and differences in characters, settings, and events from literature Essay: Compare/Contrast 202

209 Writing XI Grade Level Library Use a library to access information; use a table of contents, glossary, and index Essay: Activity 26 Newspaper Stories Writing a newspaper story using who, what, where, when, why, and how 27 Learning Logs Developing a learning technique that includes the strategies of questioning, evaluating, and predicting 28 Summarizing Summarizing and paraphrasing without plagiarism 29 Sources Discussing the process of documenting and preparing the Works Cited page for a research paper Essay: Expository 30 Literary Analysis Analyzing various pieces of literature 31 Short Reports Writing short reports using information gathered from field research Essay: Short Report 32 Research Paper Identifying the fundamentals of writing a research paper Essay: Research Plan Writing 33 Sketches 1 Creating biographical sketches, using appropriate narrative strategies and Essay: Narrative sequencing techniques 34 Sketches 2 Creating autobiographical sketches, using appropriate narrative strategies and sequencing techniques Essay: Narrative 35 Ideas and Opinions Expressing personal ideas and opinions in class discussions or individual situations, reports, stories, letters, poetry, journals, and presentations Essay: Persuasive 36 Essays 1 Identifying and using the essay structure including the thesis, introduction, body, and conclusion 37 Essays 2 Extended order in essays: chronological and spatial importance, transitional expressions Essay: Activity 38 Essays 3 Writing a narrative essay Essay: Narrative 39 Essays 4 Writing an expository essay Essay: Expository 40 Essays 5 Writing a descriptive essay Essay: Descriptive 41 Essays 6 Writing a persuasive essay Essay: Persuasive 42 Essay Tests Organizing information to answer essay test questions 43 Creative Writing 1 Writing a short story using the elements of plot, characterization, setting, and theme Essay: Narrative 44 Creative Writing 2 Identifying various forms of poetry, writing poetry 45 Creative Writing 3 Discussing the elements of drama, writing a scene 46 Creative Writing 4 Recognizing folklore elements, including mysteries, myths, tall-tales, legends, ballads, and fables 203

210 Writing XII Grade Level 12 1 Writing Process 1 Selecting and narrowing a topic, identifying the audience, writing introductions Essay: EB Learning Material and conclusions Written Response 2 Writing Process 2 Brainstorming a topic, preparing a working outline 3 Writing Process 3 Pre-writing, developing the overall focus for the writing selection 4 Writing Process 4 Writing: using a variety of writing strategies, sequencing ideas, creating a writing draft 5 Writing Process 5 Revising: use a variety of techniques to draft and revise the organization, format and sequence, and create a new draft of the writing selection 6 Writing Process 6 Proofreading: checking the writing selection for accuracy in regard to grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling 7 Writing Process 7 Publishing the writing selection for specific audiences Essay: Activity 8 Writing Sentences Writing complete sentences: identifying and correcting sentence fragments and run-on sentences 9 Sentence Types Recognizing simple, compound, and complex sentences 10 Journal Writing Using a journal to enhance writing skills Essay: Journal Writing 11 Paragraphs 1 Definition and examples of writing paragraphs: descriptive, expository, narrative, persuasive paragraphs 12 Paragraphs 2 Identifying the topic sentences in writing examples 13 Paragraphs 3 Developing the paragraph using supporting details and examples Essay: Expository 14 Paragraphs 4 Extended order in paragraphs: chronological and spatial importance, transitional expressions. 15 Paragraphs 5 Identifying types of structure such as comparison/contrast, problem and solution, cause and effect, definition, process, and classification 16 Formal-Informal Using appropriate words and phrases in writing selections for different Language audiences 17 Paragraphs 6 Writing a narrative paragraph Essay: Narrative 18 Paragraphs 7 Writing an expository paragraph Essay: Expository 19 Paragraphs 8 Writing a descriptive paragraph Essay: Descriptive 20 Paragraphs 9 Writing a persuasive paragraph Essay: Persuasive 21 Story Endings Writing story endings, finishing incomplete stories, and writing sequels 22 Letters Writing friendly letters, including the greeting, date, address, and closing, addressing letters, writing business letters, and addressing envelopes Essay: Letter Writing 23 Resumes Preparing a resume for job, scholarship, and college applications 24 Analogies Recognizing and using comparison and contrast to show the similarities and differences in characters, settings, and events from literature Essay: Compare/Contrast 204

211 Writing XII Grade Level Library Using a library to access information; using a table of contents, glossary, and index Essay: Activity 26 Newspaper Stories Writing a newspaper story using who, what, where, when, why, and how Essay: Narrative 27 Learning Logs Developing a learning log that includes the strategies of questioning, evaluating, and predicting 28 Summarizing Summarizing written material from various sources such as magazines, journals, and newspapers 29 Sources Learning to cite information from formal and informal sources including speeches, magazines, books, and newspapers 30 Literary Analysis Writing a literary analysis of a piece of literature and providing an opinion on the quality of work 31 Short Reports Reporting of facts and events on a wide range of topics Essay: Short Report 32 Writing a Research Writing a research paper using a variety of documented sources Essay: Research Plan Paper Writing 33 Sketches 1 Creating biographical sketches, using appropriate narrative strategies and sequencing techniques Essay: Narrative 34 Sketches 2 Creating autobiographical sketches, using appropriate narrative strategies and sequencing techniques 35 Ideas and Opinions Expressing personal ideas and opinions in class discussions or individual situations, reports, stories, letters, poetry, journals, and presentations 36 Essays 1 Identifying and using the essay structure including the thesis, introduction, body, and conclusion 37 Essays 2 Extended order in essays: chronological and spatial importance, transitional expressions 38 Essays 3 Writing a narrative essay Essay: Narrative 39 Essays 4 Writing an expository essay Essay: Expository 40 Essays 5 Writing a descriptive essay Essay: Descriptive 41 Essays 6 Writing a persuasive essay Essay: Persuasive 42 Essay Tests Constructing and completing essay test questions. 43 Creative Writing 1 Writing short stories Essay: Narrative 44 Creative Writing 2 Writing poetry 45 Creative Writing 3 Writing drama 46 Creative Writing 4 Writing folk literature 205

212 Language Arts Keyboard Companion I VI Grade Levels 3 12 GlobalCourseware Language Arts Keyboard Companion I VI introduces students to a variety of topics including: practice in the proper use of sentence structure sentence combination use of proper grammar in writing development of student reading, comprehension, analytic, keyboard, and problem-solving skills written (keyboard) responses to various problems modifying model paragraphs through specific instructions writing conventions proper use of nouns and pronouns subject/verb agreement verb tenses practice with proper English syntax and spoken grammar reinforcement of oral language conventions improved keyboard skills changing questions into statements movement of auxiliary verb position use of contractions plural and singular nouns compound verbs correct punctuation 206