RADIATION SAFETY DIRECTORATE

Transcription

1 RADIATION SAFETY DIRECTORATE Pursuant to Article 26-e, paragraph 1, item 19 of the Law on Ionising Radiation Protection and Radiation Safety (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia No. 48/02 and 135/07), the Director of the Radiation Safety Directorate hereby adopts a RULEBOOK ON THE CRITERIA FOR EXEMPTION OF AN IONISING RADIATION SOURCE AND FOR RELEASE OF THE EXPOSURE TO A DETERMINED SOURCE FROM CONTROL I. General provisions Article 1 This Rulebook shall prescribe the criteria for exemption of an ionising radiation source and for release of the exposure to a determined source from control. Article 2 The provisions of this Rulebook shall not refer to radionuclides in building materials, potable water, food, feed and any material used as food or feed, as well as to the transport of radioactive materials. In addition, the provisions of this Rulebook shall not refer to electrical apparatuses which do not have parts operating at a voltage higher than 5 kv. Article 3 The criteria for exemption of ionising radiation sources shall not refer to sources whose use is not justified in accordance with the regulations governing the protection against ionising radiation and radiation safety. II. Criteria for exemption of an ionising radiation source Article 4 An ionising radiation source may be exempted from the procedure of issuing a permit for performing an activity, if the following requirements are met: - the effective dose of an individual s exposure occurring as a result of the exempted ionising radiation source does not exceed 10 µsv per year; - the collective effective dose does not exceed 1 person-sv per year, and - the optimisation assessment demonstrates that the exemption is the optimal solution. Article 5 Radionuclides used in a certain activity with ionising radiation sources shall be exempted from the procedure of issuing a permit for performing an activity if the activity and the activity per unit mass (hereinafter referred to as: activity ) do not exceed the activity values and/or the activity (hereinafter referred to as: exemption levels) listed in Table 1 of Appendix 1, which is a constituent part of this Rulebook. The exemption levels referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply to materials

2 weighing up to one ton. Article 6 The exemption of an ionising radiation source from the procedure of issuing a permit for performing an activity shall be also applied in cases including the following sources: 1. An apparatus containing radioactive substances exceeding the exemption levels set out in Appendix 1 of this Rulebook, where: - it has been constructed in the form of a sealed ionising radiation source; - the equivalent dose rate under normal operating conditions does not exceed 1µSv/h at a distance of 0,1 m from any accessible surface of the apparatus; and - the necessary conditions have been provided for releasing and/or disposal of the radioactive substances in accordance with the regulations governing the protection against ionising radiation and radiation safety; or 2. Any cathode ray tube intended for the display of visual images or other electrical apparatus operating at a maximum voltage of 30 kv, providing that this operation does not exceed, under normal operating conditions, the rate of an ambient dose equivalent H*(10) and a directional dose equivalent H (0,07; Ω) of 1 µsv/h at a distance of 0,1 m from any accessible surface of the apparatus; or 3. Any other apparatus generating ionising radiation other than those described in points 1 and 2 of this Article providing that the equivalent does rate, under normal operating conditions, does not exceed 1 µsv/h at a distance of 0,1 m from any accessible surface of the apparatus; or 4. Material contaminated with radioactive substances resulting from authorised releases in accordance with the regulations governing the protection against ionising radiation and radiation safety. Article 7 The exemption levels for natural radioactive sources expressed as activity s shall be set out in the table attached in Appendix 2, which is a constituent part of this Rulebook. In the case of a mixture of natural radioactive sources, the activity for each radioactive source shall be smaller than the exemption levels set out in the table referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article. Article 8 The exemption levels for materials with a mass exceeding one ton and containing artificial radionuclides, expressed as activity, shall be set out in the table referred to in Appendix 3, which is a constituent part of this Rulebook. Article 9 A mixture of several artificial radionuclides shall be exempted from the procedure of issuing a permit for performing an activity if the following requirements are met: or

3 where A k is the activity of radionuclide k, A E,k is the exemption level for radionuclide k, C k is the activity of radionuclide k, and C E,k is the exemption level of radionuclide k. Article 10 The provisions of Article 7 paragraph 2 and Article 9 of this Rulebook shall apply to mixtures of natural and artificial radionuclides. Article 11 When determining the criteria for exemption levels, the appearance of radionuclides which are in secular equilibrium with the parent short-lived radionuclide shall also be taken into consideration. The list of radioactive short-lived nuclides shall be set out in Table 2 referred to in Appendix 1, which is a constituent part of this Rulebook. The exemption levels for radionuclides not included in Appendix 1 of this Rulebook shall be determined by the Radiation Safety Directorate. III. Release of the exposure to a determined source from control Article 12 The exposure to the following sources shall be released from control: - K-40 in the human body; - cosmic radiation prevailing at ground level, and - unchanged s of radionuclides in unprocessed materials. IV. Final provision Article 13 This Rulebook shall enter into force on the eighth day from the date of its publication in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia. No /4 2 December 2009 Skopje Director, PhD. Rumen Stamenov

4 APPENDIX 1 Exemption levels The exemption levels for radionuclides carrying the suffix + in the first column of Table 1 of this Appendix shall not only refer to the parent radionuclide, but also to the parent radionuclides in secular equilibrium with their correspondent short-lived daughter radionuclides. Parent radionuclides and their short-lived daughter radionuclides shall be listed in Table 2 of this Appendix. Table 1. Exemption levels for radionuclides of materials weighing up to one ton Н Ве С O F Na Na Si Р Р Ѕ C C Аr Аr К б 10 2 К К Са Са Ѕс Ѕс Ѕс V Сr Мn Мn Mn-52m Мn Мn Мn Fe Fe Fe Со Со Со Со Со-58m Со Со-60m Со Со-62m Ni Ni Ni Cu Zn Zn Zn-69m

5 Ga Ga Ge As As As s 10 2 As Se Br Kr Kr Kr Kr Kr Kr-83m Kr Kr-85m Kr Kr Rb Sr Sr-85m Sr-87m Sr Sr Sr Sr Y Y Y Y-91m Y Y Zr Zr Zr Nb-93m Nb Nb Nb Nb Mo Mo Mo Mo Tc Tc-96m Tc Tc-97m Tc Tc-99m Ru Ru Ru Ru Rh-103m Rh Pd Pd Ag Ag-108m Ag-110m Ag Cd Cd Cd-115m In In-113m In-114m In-115m Sn Sn

6 Sb Sb Sb Te-123m Te-125m Te Te-127m Te Te-129m Te Te-131m Te Te Te-133m Te I I I I I I I I I I Xe-131m Xe Xe Cs Cs Cs Cs-134m Cs Cs Cs Cs Cs Ba Ba Ba La Ce Ce Ce Ce Pr Pr Nd Nd Pm Pm Sm Sm Eu Eu-152m Eu Eu Gd Gd Tb Dy Dy Ho Er Er Tm Tm Yb Yb Lu Hf Ta

7 W W W Re Re Os Os Os-191m Os Ir Ir Ir Pt Pt-193m Pt Pt-197m Au Au Hg Hg-197m Hg Tl Tl Tl Tl Pb Pb Pb Bi Bi Bi Bi Po Po Po Po At Rn Rn s 10 Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra Ac Th Th Th Th Th Th Natural Th Th Pa Pa Pa U U U U U U U U U Natural U U U U Np Np

8 Np Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Am Am Am-242m Am Cm s 10 2 Cm Cm Cm Cm Cm Cm Bk Cf Cf Cf Cf Cf Cf Cf Cf Es Es Es-254m Fm Fm

9 Table 2. List of parent and short-lived daughter radionuclides Parent Ѕг-90 Y-90 Zr-93 Zr-97 Ru-106 Ag-108m Cs-137 Ba-140 Ce-134 Ce-144 Pb-210 Daughter nuclides in secular equilibrium with the parent radionuclide Nb-93m Nb-97 Rh-106 Ag-108 Ba-137m La-140 La-134 Pr-144 Bi-210, Po-210 Bi-212 Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64) Pb-212 Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64) Rn-220 Rn-222 Ra-223 Po-216 Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214 Rn-219, Po-215, Pb-211, Bi-211, Tl-207 Ra-224 Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64) Ra-226 Ra-228 Th-226 Rn-222, Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214, Pb-210, Bi-210, Po-210 Ac-228 Ra-222, Rn-218, Po-214 Th-228 Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64) Th-229 Ra-225, Ac-225, Fr-221, At-217, Bi-213, Po-213, Pb-209 Natural Th Ra-228, Ac-228, Th-228, Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), 212(0.64) Th-234 Pa-234m U-230 Th-226, Ra-222, Rn-218, Po-214 U-232 Th-228, Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 U-235 (0.64) Th-231 U-238 Th-234, Pa-234m Natural U Th-234, Pa-234m, U-234, Th-230, Ra-226, Rn-222, Po-218, Pb-214, Bi- 214, Po-214, Pb-210, Bi-210, Po-210 U-240 Np-240m Np-237 Pa-233 Am-242m Am-242 Am-243 Np-239 Po-

10 APPENDIX 2 Table: Exemption levels expressed as activity s for natural radionuclides Radionuclide (Bq/g) К All remaining natural radionuclides 1

11 APPENDIX 3 Exemption levels expressed as activity s of artificial radionuclides for materials whose weight exceeds one ton The exemption levels for radionuclides carrying the suffix + in Table 1 of this Appendix shall not only refer to the parent radionuclide, but also to the parent radionuclide in secular equilibrium with their correspondent short-lived daughter radionuclides. The parent and their short-lived daughter radionuclides are listed in Table 2 of Appendix 1 of this Rulebook. Table Н Ве-7 10 С-14 1 F-18 10* Na Na-24 1* Si * Р Р Ѕ Cl-36 1 Cl-38 10* К К-43 10* Са Са Ѕс Ѕс Ѕс-48 1 V-48 1 Сr Мn-51 10* Мn-52 1

12 Mn-52m 10* Mn Mn Mn-56 10* Fe-52 10* Fe Fe-59 1 Co-55 10* Co Co-57 1 Co-58 1 Co-58m * Co Co-60m 1000* Co * Co-62m 10* Ni Ni Ni-65 10* Cu * Zn Zn * Zn-69m 10* Ga-72 10* Ge As As-74 10* As-76 10* As Se-75 1 Br-82 1 Rb Sr-85 1 Sr-85m 100* Sr-87m 100* Sr Sr Sr-91 10* Sr-92 10* Y Y Y-91m 100* Y * Y * Zr * Zr-95 1 Zr * Nb-93m 10 Nb Nb-95 1 Nb-97 10* Nb-98 10* Mo-90 10* Mo Mo Mo * Tc-96 1 Tc-96m 1000* Tc Tc-97m 100 Tc-99 1 Tc-99m 100* Ru Ru Ru * Ru Rh-103m 10000* Rh Pd Pd Ag Ag-110m 0.1

13 Ag Cd Cd Cd-115m 100 In In-113m 100* In-114m 10 In-115m 100* Sn Sn Sb Sb Sb Te-123m 1 Te-125m 1000 Te Te-127m 10 Te * Te-129m 10 Te * Te-131m 10 Te Te * Te-133m 10* Te * I I I I I * I I * I * I * I * Cs Cs Cs Cs-134m 1000* Cs Cs Cs Cs Cs Ba Ba La Ce Ce Ce Ce Pr * Pr Nd Nd * Pm Pm Sm Sm Eu Eu-152m 100* Eu Eu Gd Gd * Tb Dy * Dy Ho Er Er * Tm

14 Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W W W Re Re * Os Os Os-191m 1000* Os Ir Ir Ir * Pt Pt-193m 1000 Pt * Pt-197m 100* Au Au Hg Hg-197m 100 Hg Tl Tl Tl Tl Pb Bi Bi Po * Po * Po * At Ra Ra Th Th Pa Pa U U U U U U U * U * Np Np Np * Pu * Pu * Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu Pu * Pu Am Am * Am-242m Am Cm Cm Cm-244 1

15 Cm Cm Cm Cm-24S 0.1 Bk Cf Cf-24S 1 Cf Cf Cf Cf Cf Cf Es Es Es-254m 10 Fm * Fm * * Half-life shorter than 1 day.