Situation Analysis of Children in Honduras 2018

Transcription

1 Situation Analysis of Children in Honduras 2018

2 What do you think this child s living situation is like? What do you think his day-to-day life is like?

3 Poverty Cycle Insufficient income Family living under the poverty line Social Exclusion 312,446 children (5-17) neither studying nor working (12.4%) [INE 2017] Unemployment and underemployment Youth with low productivity Low salaries due to low levels of education Low Education Forced displacement Violence against children Forced recuirment by gangs Learning difficulties Grade repetition: 4.2% (primary school) [INE 2017] School dropout: 7.2% (seventh grade basic school,) [SEDUC-SIEH 2016] High fertility levels and increase of HIV in adolescents and youth Teenage pregnancies vulnerability to 24% HPV in adolescence School dropout rates: 15% Child labour Exploitative labour Low access to social services Health and nutrition Water and sanitation Health Problems Repeated contraction of infectious diseases Chronic malnutrition during childhood SHORT LIFE 23% [ENDESA 2011/12] MI 24 U5MR 29 [ENDESA 2011/12]

4 4 Dimensions of Exclusion in Early Childhood

5 Right to life 83 per cent of newborn babies were delivered with the assistance of health professionals 89 per cent of mothers receive at least four antenatal visits Mortaliy rate of children under the age of 5: 29 deaths per 1,000 live births Mortality rate of children under 12 months of age: 24 deaths per 1,000 live births Neonatal mortality: 17 deaths per 1,000 live births Potential cause: quality of prenatal assistance and health services provided Source: INE SESAL. ENDESA

6 Right to adequate nutrition 23% of children under the age of 5 suffer from malnutrition in Honduras. 31% of mothers breastfeed exclusively during the first six months of life of the baby Inequalities in Malnutrition Geographic: Intibucá (48.2%) vs Islas de la Bahía (6.6%) Rural Area (28.8%) vs Urban (14.6%) Ethnic(UNICEF Niñez indígena y afrohondureña) 38% of Indigenous and Afro-Honduran children suffer from chronic malnutrition Byincome quintiles: 42.1% of malnutrition rates in lower quintile vs 8% in the upper quintile Potential risk: difficulties for early childhood development 6 Source: INE SESAL. ENDESA

7 Right to pre-school education Coverage for children aged 3-5 years Inequalities 63.4% of children aged 3-5 years do not attend school Potential cause: Economic constraints Lack of knowledge of age-appropriate enrollment in school. Long distances, specially for the youngest children Potential risk: difficulties in early childhood development Residence: In Urban Areas 64.1% In Rural Areas: 62.6% By gender: Girls: 63.3% / Boys: 63.5% By ethnic group: (UNICEF Indigenous and afro-honduran children) 4-5 years: 58.6% SOURCE: INE. EPHPM 2017 Association for Civil Education for all

8 Early Childhood Development The Early Childhood Development Index in children between 36 and 59 months of age is 80.2% The percentage of children between months of age who have an adequate level in reading, writing and maths is 10.7% Potential cause: The ECD index increases with the socio-economic level of the hoousehold and the education levels of the mother. By gender: Girls: 81.5% Boys: 78.9% Byincome quintile: Lowest quintile: 76.4 Highest quintile: 86.7 By mother s education level: Without education: 75.8% Higher education: 85.3% Bygeographic area: Gracias a Dios: 63.0% Cortés: 86.7% Source: INE SESAL. ENDESA

9 Determinants of Educational Exclusion in Honduras

10 Out-of-school children 36.2% of children aged 6-17 years do not attend school By residence: In Urban Areas: 29.2% In Rural Areas 43.3% Inequalities By Disability: 37% of afro-honduran and indigenous children with a disability who are between 4 and 17 years of age do not attend school (UNICEF Niñez indígena y afrohondureña) * There is no national data on school enrollment of children with a disability By gender Girls: 34.7% / Boys: 37.7% By age: 6-11 years of age: 7.6% years of age: 53.1% years of age: 71.9% By ethnic group : (UNICEF Niñez indígena y afrohondureña) 6-12 years of age: 5.5% years of age: 56.5% Source: INE. EPHPM 2017

11 Children at risk of abandoning school Efficiency of the educational system 61% of adolescents in secondary school are behind the normal grade level for their age. Risk of abandoning school A total of 28.5% of adolescents who are one year behind their grade level present a moderate risk of leaving school A total of 28.0% of adolescents who are two years behind their grade level present a high risk of leaving school. 11 Source: Gómez 2015 (basado en datos SACE 2014)

12 The challenges of inclusive education Performance Percentage of students in basic school (1-9th grade) with satisfactory or advanced performance in: Mathematics: 29% Reading: 52% Geographic Inequities Mathematics, 6th Grade: Urban: 13.0% Rural: 12.0% Reading, 6th Grade: Urban: 40.0% Rural: 33.0% Source: SEDUC Informe Nacional de Desempeño Académico 2016

13 Enrolling late, abandoning early 250, , , , , , ,000 75,000 50,000 6years 7years 8years 7years 6years 5years ACCESS GAP 9years 8years 11 years 11 years 12years 10 years 9years 10 years 12 years 13 years 16years 15years 14 years 13 years 14 years 15years 16 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16years 2011Students 2012Students SCHOOLING GAP 17years IN ,955 CHILDREN ENROLLED FOR THE FIRST TIME AT THE AGE OF YEAR-OLDS ABANDONED THE EDUCATION SYSTEM BETWEEN 2011 AND 2012

14 More boys in primary school less in secondary school Boys Girls SECONDARY SCHOOL (CINE 3) MIDDLE SCHOOL (CINE 2) PRIMARY SCHOOL (CINE 1) 12 GRAD E 11 GRAD E 10 GRAD E 9 GRAD E 8 GRAD E 7 GRAD E 6 GRAD E 5 GRAD E 4 GRAD E 3 GRAD E 2 GRAD E 1 GRAD E PRE-SCHOOL ( CINE 0 ) Schooling inequalities start in the first grade

15 Schooling inequalities start in the first grade In first grade just over half of students are enrolled in the appropriate grade- level 300, , , , ,000 20,304 25,288 67,831 Students by grade and age 2012 Standard age for grade-level One year behind grade-level Two years behind grade-level Three or more years behind grade-level 26,064 26,951 26,310 21,427 18,715 26,861 15,039 30,509 25,000 23,116 58,808 54,044 52,170 59,933 50,797 50, , , ,889 95,969 89,399 95, grade 2 grade 3 grade 4 grade 5 grade 6 grade

16 There are reduced educational opportunities for rural and indigenous education; in urban areas poor academic performance increases

17 Less than half of all 12-year-olds begin middle school at the appropriate age Due to poor academic performance thousands of adolescents abandon school.

18 Bottlenecks manifest themselves at differing levels of intensity in the country

19 Determinants of exclusion in education Capacities in decentralized educational management Unequal distribution of the budget Capacities developed in panning and monitoring and evaluation forresults. Lack of pedagogical alternatives that are attractive foradolescents. Environment Supply Very long distances, especially for the youngest children Need to develop capacities in teachers, authorities and other stakeholders Infrastructure deterioration, insufficient equipment and inadequate materials Need for a friendly, safe and protective school. Limited value placed on education: opportunity cost Limited knowledge of age-appropriate entrance to school Economic constraints to send children to school. Lack of knowledge of free, obligatory and quality education Low community participation in management Demand 369,861 children 3-5 not enrolled in pre-school 85,314 children (7.6%) not enrolled in primary School (1-6th grade) 756,589 adolescents (63.4%) not enrolled in secondaryschool (7-12th grade) * INE 2017 Exclusion

20 Determinants of violence against children in Honduras

21 Violence against children, 2016

22 Homicide rate in Children by municipality, 2016 Source: Observatorio de la Violencia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras. du. hn/partici pa cionci uda dana /Denuncias/ma pa_ ofi cial

23 HONDURAS Determinants of violence against children Population Factors Practices and Beliefs. Recruitment of disadvantaged children and adolescents by gangs and organized crime. Communities or individual do not file complaints regarding violent acts due to a generalized perception of impunity and lack of confidence in authorities. Lack of knowledge of the channels to pursue and difficulties accessing services in case of violence. Organization and community participation. Communities do not act against violence due to fear of reprisals by part of gangs and maras. Disjointed social fabric in communities. Weak mechanisms to resolve conflict. Lack of spaces available to communities for participation.

24 HONDURAS Determinants of violence against children Institutional Capacities Access to services. Limited presence of judicial personnel and competent authorities in rural, indigenous and/or remote communities. Lack of qualified personnel for care and support of victims of violence. Quality of services. The system for filing complaints and existing mechanisms as responses to cases of violence are not effective. Resistance or difficulty to adjust services based on national norms and international standards.

25 HONDURAS Determinants of violence against children Structural Determinants Social Norms. Social tolerance of violence.. The culture of machismo permeates society and contributes to a violent resolution of conflicts. The ways in which the media covers violence contributes to stigmatization, anxiety, feelings of powerlessness as well as a replication of patterns of violence. Reactive policies Insufficient and inequitable budget Management. Difficulties in coordination between institutions. High levels of impunity and corruption. Weakness in the quality and use of information. Lack of early warning systems.

26 Factors associated with violence attitudes, 2016

27 Returned migrant children by municipality, 2016 Less than 10 children (165) Between 11 and 25 children (61) Between 26 and 100 children (49) More than 101 children (23) Source: Centro Nacional de Información del Sector Social. December 2016

28 Main causes of migration by region Cause Accompanied migrant children Unaccompanied migrant children Economic reasons 57.6% 70.0% Family reunification 27.2% 21.7% Violence 13.8% 5.7% Health reasons 0.5% 0.4% Academic reasons 0.9% 2.2% Source: Centro Nacional de Información del Sector Social. December 2016

29 Factors associated with migration, 2016 Colón Colón Yoro Yoro Atlántida Atlántida Income inequality2009 Returnedmigrant children per 100,000 inhabitants (2016) Valle Valle Olancho Olancho Intibucá Intibucá Choluteca Choluteca La Paz La Paz El Paraíso El Paraíso Copán Copán Ocotepeque Ocotepeque Santa Bárbara Comayagua Santa Bárbara Comayagua Lempira Francisco Francisco Morazán Morazán Lempira Cortés Cortés Homicide rate 2015

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