A snapshot of Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Africa

Transcription

1 A snapshot of Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Africa Photo: UNICEF/Frank Dejongh 217 Update and SDG Baselines Prepared by: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene September 217 1

2 Sanitation coverage Proportion of population using safely managed, basic, limited, unimproved sanitation services or practising open defecation, Population (%) million people in Africa lacked a basic sanitation service in 215, 234 million of whom practise open defecation National* Rural* Urban* World Ethiopia, 61 Nigeria, 59 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 45 United Republic of Tanzania, 27 Uganda, 24 Kenya, 19 Basic Limited Open defecation * no safely managed estimate available T sanitation estimate is available for 8 countries in the region Countries in the region with the highest number of people practising open defecation in 215 T Urban coverage of basic sanitation services exceeds 5% in 19 countries, rural coverage exceeds 5% in 11 countries <25% 25-5% 5-75% 75-95% >95% Insufficient data Not applicable <5% 5-75% 75-9% >9% Insufficient data Not applicable - national Basic - national 1 8 Population (%) NER SOM DZA SEN LBY MAR EGY TUN ETH TCD MDG SSD ERI BEN TGO GHA SLE COG LBR UGA COD GNB GIN BFA TZA MOZ CAF KEN CIV ZMB MLI NGA NAM COM SDN ZWE CMR AGO STP GAB GMB MWI LSO MRT BDI DJI SWZ BWA RWA CPV ZAF GNQ MUS SYC Basic 2

3 Drinking water coverage Proportion of population using safely managed, basic, limited, unimproved water services or surface water, million people in Africa lacked a basic drinking water service in 215, 84% of whom live in rural areas Population (%) National Rural* Urban World Nigeria, 47 Ethiopia, 27 Nigeria, 14 Madagascar, 11 Sudan, 11 Mozambique, 1 Chad, 1 Rest of the Region, 15 Basic Limited Surface water * no safely managed estimate available drinking water estimate is available for 8 countries in the region Countries in the region with the highest number of people who did not use a basic water service in 215 Urban coverage of basic drinking water services exceeds 5% in 52 countries, rural coverage exceeds 5% in 29 countries <25% 25-5% 5-75% 75-95% >95% Insufficient data Not applicable <5% 5-75% 75-9% >9% Insufficient data Not applicable - national Basic - national 1 8 Population (%) UGA ETH NGA GHA COG CIV MAR TUN ERI SOM AGO COD TCD NER MOZ GNQ TZA SSD MDG BFA CAF BDI RWA SLE KEN SDN ZMB TGO CMR ZWE BEN MWI GIN SWZ GNB MRT LBR LSO MLI SEN DJI NAM BWA STP GMB COM ZAF CPV GAB DZA SYC LBY EGY MUS Basic 3

4 Hygiene coverage Proportion of population with basic, limited handwashing facilities or no facility in million people in the WHO African Region lacked a basic handwashing facility in 215, 6 million of whom had no facility Population (%) Basic facility Limited facilit 18 Limited facility No facility 38 National Rural Urban Limited facilit No facility Nigeria, 195 Ethiopia, 97 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 65 Kenya, 32 Uganda, 28 Sudan, 23 Cameroon, 2 Rest of the Region, 248 Countries in the region with the highest number of people without handwashing facilities in 215 > urban coverage of basic handwashing facilities exceeds 5% in 6 countries, rural coverage exceeds 5% in 3 countries Basic - urban Basic - rural <25% 25-5% 51-75% 76-9% >9% Insufficient data Not applicable 4

5 Inequalities 1 Inequalities in basic drinking water 1 Inequalities in basic sanitation Proportion of the population using basic drinking water services (%) World Sub-Saharan Africa Angola Proportion of the population using basic sanitation services (%) World Sub-Saharan Africa Gabon Note: Sub-national inequalities for Angola 211 Regions Countries Urban /rural Wealth quintiles Sub-national regions Note: Sub-national inequalities for Gabon 212 Regions Countries Urban /rural Wealth quintiles Sub-national regions 1 Inequalities in open defecation 1 Inequalities in basic hygiene Proportion of the population not practising open defecation (%) World Sub-Saharan Africa Ethiopia Proportion of the population using basic hygiene services (%) Northern Africa Tunisia Note: Sub-national inequalities for Ethiopia 211 Regions Countries Urban /rural Wealth quintiles Sub-national regions Note: Sub-national inequalities for Tunisia 212 Regions Countries Urban /rural Wealth quintiles Sub-national regions 5

6 Trends Drinking water 8 Urban 8 Rural Population (million) Population (million) Without basic Without basic In 215, 85.2% of the urban population and 48.5% of the rural population used a basic drinking water service. Sanitation 8 Urban 8 Rural Population (million) Population (million) Without basic Without basic In 215, 52.7% of the urban population and 27.9% of the rural population used a basic sanitation service. Open defecation Urban Rural 8 8 Population (million) 6 4 Population (million) In 215, 5.9% of the urban population and 29.1% of the rural population practised open defecation.

7 Hygiene estimates NATIONAL RURAL URBAN COUNTRY, AREA OR TERRITORY Population (thousands) % urban Algeria Angola Benin Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Comoros Côte d Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Egypt Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Namibia Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Somalia Sudan Swaziland Togo Tunisia Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Africa Basic Limited (without water or soap) No facility Basic Limited (without water or soap) No facility Basic Limited (without water or soap) No facility 7

8 Sanitation estimates NATIONAL RURAL URBAN COUNTRY, AREA OR TERRITORY ISO3 Population (thousands) % urban Limited (shared) Open defecation Algeria DZA Angola AGO Benin BEN Botswana BWA Burkina Faso BFA Burundi BDI Cabo Verde CPV Cameroon CMR Central African Republic CAF Chad TCD Comoros COM Congo COG Côte d Ivoire CIV Democratic Republic of COD the Congo Djibouti DJI Egypt EGY Equatorial Guinea GNQ Eritrea ERI Ethiopia ETH Gabon GAB Gambia GMB Ghana GHA Guinea GIN Guinea-Bissau GNB Kenya KEN Lesotho LSO Liberia LBR Annual rate of change in open defecation Limited (shared) Open defecation Annual rate of change in open defecation Limited (shared) Open defecation Annual rate of change in open defecation

9 Sanitation estimates NATIONAL Proportion of population using improved sanitation facilities (excluding shared) RURAL Proportion of population using improved sanitation facilities (excluding shared) URBAN Proportion of population using improved sanitation facilities (excluding shared) COUNTRY, AREA OR TERRITORY Disposed in situ Emptied and treated Wastewater treated Latrines and other Septic tanks Sewer connections Disposed in situ Emptied and treated Wastewater treated Latrines and other Septic tanks Sewer connections Disposed in situ Emptied and treated Wastewater treated Latrines and other Septic tanks Sewer connections Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Côte d Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia

10 Sanitation estimates NATIONAL RURAL URBAN COUNTRY, AREA OR TERRITORY ISO3 Population (thousands) % urban Limited (shared) Open defecation Libya LBY Madagascar MDG Malawi MWI Mali MLI Mauritania MRT Mauritius MUS Morocco MAR Mozambique MOZ Namibia NAM Niger NER Nigeria NGA Rwanda RWA Sao Tome and Principe STP Senegal SEN Seychelles SYC Sierra Leone SLE Somalia SOM South Africa ZAF South Sudan SSD Sudan SDN Swaziland SWZ Togo TGO Tunisia TUN Uganda UGA United Republic of Tanzania TZA Zambia ZMB Zimbabwe ZWE Annual rate of change in open defecation Limited (shared) Open defecation Annual rate of change in open defecation Limited (shared) Open defecation Annual rate of change in open defecation Africa

11 Sanitation estimates NATIONAL Proportion of population using improved sanitation facilities (excluding shared) RURAL Proportion of population using improved sanitation facilities (excluding shared) URBAN Proportion of population using improved sanitation facilities (excluding shared) COUNTRY, AREA OR TERRITORY Disposed in situ Emptied and treated Wastewater treated Latrines and other Septic tanks Sewer connections Disposed in situ Emptied and treated Wastewater treated Latrines and other Septic tanks Sewer connections Disposed in situ Emptied and treated Wastewater treated Latrines and other Septic tanks Sewer connections Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Swaziland Togo Tunisia Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Africa

12 Drinking water estimates NATIONAL RURAL URBAN COUNTRY, AREA OR TERRITORY ISO3 Population (thousands) % urban Limited (more than 3 mins) Algeria DZA Angola AGO Benin BEN Botswana BWA Burkina Faso BFA Burundi BDI Cabo Verde CPV Cameroon CMR Central African Republic CAF Chad TCD Comoros COM Congo COG Côte d Ivoire CIV Democratic Republic of the COD.5.32 Congo Djibouti DJI Egypt EGY Equatorial Guinea GNQ Eritrea ERI Ethiopia ETH Gabon GAB Gambia GMB Ghana GHA Guinea GIN Guinea-Bissau GNB Kenya KEN Lesotho LSO Liberia LBR Surface water Limited (more than 3 mins) Surface water Limited (more than 3 mins) Surface water

13 Drinking water estimates NATIONAL Proportion of population using improved water supplies RURAL Proportion of population using improved water supplies URBAN Proportion of population using improved water supplies COUNTRY, AREA OR TERRITORY Accessible on premises Available when needed Free from contamination Piped Non-piped Accessible on premises Available when needed Free from contamination Piped Non-piped Accessible on premises Available when needed Free from contamination Piped Non-piped Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Côte d Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia

14 Drinking water estimates NATIONAL RURAL URBAN COUNTRY, AREA OR TERRITORY ISO3 Population (thousands) % urban Limited (more than 3 mins) Libya LBY Madagascar MDG Malawi MWI Mali MLI Mauritania MRT Mauritius MUS Morocco MAR Mozambique MOZ Namibia NAM Niger NER Nigeria NGA Rwanda RWA Sao Tome and Principe STP Senegal SEN Seychelles SYC Sierra Leone SLE Somalia SOM South Africa ZAF South Sudan SSD Sudan SDN Swaziland SWZ Togo TGO Tunisia TUN Uganda UGA United Republic of Tanzania TZA Zambia ZMB Zimbabwe ZWE Surface water Limited (more than 3 mins) Surface water Limited (more than 3 mins) Surface water Africa

15 Drinking water estimates NATIONAL Proportion of population using improved water supplies RURAL Proportion of population using improved water supplies URBAN Proportion of population using improved water supplies COUNTRY, AREA OR TERRITORY Accessible on premises Available when needed Free from contamination Piped Non-piped Accessible on premises Available when needed Free from contamination Piped Non-piped Accessible on premises Available when needed Free from contamination Piped Non-piped Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Swaziland Togo Tunisia Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Africa

16 DRINKING WATER SANITATION HYGIENE In 215, In 215, 71 per cent of the global population (5.2 billion people) used a safely managed drinking water service; that is, one located on premises, available when needed and free from contamination. 39 per cent of the global population (2.9 billion people) used a safely managed sanitation service; that is, excreta safely disposed of in situ or treated off-site. In 215, Eight out of ten people (5.8 billion) used improved sources with water available when needed. Three out of four people (5.4 billion) used improved sources located on premises. 27 per cent of the global population (1.9 billion people) used private sanitation facilities connected to sewers from which wastewater was treated. Three out of four people (5.4 billion) used improved sources free from contamination. 13 per cent of the global population (.9 billion people) used toilets or latrines where excreta were disposed of in situ. 844 million people still lacked even a basic drinking water service. 263 million people spent over 3 minutes per round trip to collect water from an improved source (a limited drinking water service). 159 million people still collected drinking water directly from surface water sources, 58% lived in subsaharan Africa. Available data were insufficient to make a global estimate of the proportion of population using septic tanks and latrines from which excreta are emptied and treated off-site. 2.3 billion people still lacked even a basic sanitation service. 6 million people used a limited sanitation service. 892 million people worldwide still practised open defecation. JMP website: countries had comparable data available on handwashing with soap and water, representing 3 per cent of the global population. Coverage of basic handwashing facilities with soap and water varied from 15 per cent in sub-saharan Africa to 76 per cent in Western Asia and Northern Africa, but data are currently insufficient to produce a global estimate, or estimates for other SDG regions. In Least Developed Countries, 27 per cent of the population had basic handwashing facilities with soap and water, while 26 per cent had handwashing facilities lacking soap or water. The remaining 47 per cent had no facility. In sub-saharan Africa, three out of five people with basic handwashing facilities (89 million people) lived in urban areas. Many high-income countries lacked sufficient data to estimate the population with basic handwashing facilities.