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2 ii - Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib Copyright 2009 by Bruce Stirling All rights reserved. Duplication, distribution or database storage of any part of this work by any means is prohibited without prior written approval of the publisher. G+3iC=C and OPDUL=C are registered trademarks. For permission to use material from this text or CD, please forward your request to info@novapress.net. ISBN-10: ISBN-13: Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib On the web at his text is also available as a phone app. Visit or iunes for more information. Nova Press Mayfield Avenue Los Angeles, CA USA info@novapress.net OEFL is a registered trademark of Educational esting Services (ES ), Princeton, New Jersey, USA. he material in this text, including argument maps, speaking and writing prompts, speaking and writing strategies, speaking and writing sample responses, and the proficiency checklists and rating guides, were created and designed exclusively by the author, Bruce Stirling. his publication is not endorsed or approved by ES.

3 Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib - iii Contents DEVELOPING AN ARGUMEN Arguments and the OEFL ib.. 1 What is an Argument?.. 1 Personal-Opinion Argument: Deduction. 2 Rhetorical Strategies. 4 Personal-Opinion Argument: Induction.. 7 Developing Your Opinion. 8 Fact-Based Argument: Deduction 11 Fact-Based Argument: Induction. 13 Coherence = A High Score Argument Mapping.. 14 G+3iC=C ASK ORDER 19 WRIING ASKS INDEPENDEN ESSAY.. 21 G+3iC=C Basic Independent Essay 22 Agree-Disagree Prompts OPDUL=C.. 26 Preference Prompts. 37 Compare-Contrast Prompts. 40 Advantage-Disadvantage Prompts. 49 Advantage Prompts. 52 Disadvantage Prompts Reason Prompts.. 55 Quality Prompts Writing Practice Advanced Introduction Strategies. 67

4 iv - Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib Simple Hooks Complex Hooks Advanced hesis Strategies.. 72 Predictor hesis 72 Writing a Predictor hesis 73 Predictor hesis: Parallelism Gerund Predictor hesis Predictor hesis: Using Synonyms Predictor hesis: When to Write Predictor hesis: When to Write. 79 Advanced Conclusion Strategies 82 Advanced Independent Essays Emergency Independent Essay 95 Contrarian Independent Essay 97 Writing Practice 99 What Have You Learned? 100 INEGRAED ESSAY 101 Argument-Counter Argument Essay 102 OPDUL=C. 102 ES s esting Method Argument-Counter Argument Essay: Step-by-Step he Black-and-White Rule Organization: Point-by-Point Style Organization: Block Style 119 Paraphrasing Argument-Counter Argument Essay: Step-by-Step hree Common Problems 131 Writing Practice Show-Support Essay Show Support Essay: Step-by-Step Writing Practice Emergency Integrated Essay What Have You Learned? 157

5 Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib - v SPEAKING ASKS SPEAKING ASK ONE Independent ask: Single-Question Prompt OPDUL=C. 161 Delivery. 161 Speaking Subjectively Basic Response Basic Response: Step-by-Step Rating Yourself 166 Rating in a Class 167 How Long Should My Response Be? Basic Response: Step-by-Step Basic Response: Step-by-Step Four Common Problems. 174 Help! - My Response is oo Long!. 177 Help! - My Response is oo Short! Advanced Strategies. 180 Advanced Introduction Strategies 182 Predictor hesis he Rhetorical Why Advanced Conclusion Strategies Advanced Responses. 192 Emergency Response. 197 Contrarian Response. 198 Speaking Practice What Have You Learned? 200 SPEAKING ASK WO Independent ask: Paired-Choice Prompt Agree-Disagree Prompt: Step-by-Step Agree-Disagree Prompt: Step-by-Step 205 Support-Don t Support Prompt: Step-by-Step. 207 Preference Prompt: Step-by-Step Argument-Counter Argument: Step-by-Step. 210

6 vi - Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib Advantage-Disadvantage: Step-by-Step. 212 Speaking Practice What Have You Learned? SPEAKING ASK HREE Integrated ask: Read-Listen-Speak OPDUL=C. 218 ES s esting Method. 218 Developing a Response: Step-by-Step. 220 How Long Should My Response Be? Five Common Problems Help! - My Response is oo Long!. 230 Help! - My Response is oo Short! 231 Emergency Response 233 Speaking Practice. 235 What Have You Learned? SPEAKING ASK FOUR. 243 Integrated ask: Read-Listen-Speak ES s esting Method Developing a Response: Step-by-Step. 245 How Long Should My Response Be? Four Common Problems. 255 Emergency Response Speaking Practice What Have You Learned? SPEAKING ASK FIVE Integrated ask: Listen-Speak. 263 ES s esting Method Developing a Response: Step-by-Step. 266 How Long Should My Response Be? Contrarian Response. 277 hree Common Problems Emergency Response Speaking Practice. 283

7 Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib - vii What Have You Learned? SPEAKING ASK SIX Integrated ask: Listen-Speak ES s esting Method Developing a Response: Step-by-Step. 289 How Long Should My Response Be? hree Common Problems Emergency Response 303 Speaking Practice. 304 What Have You Learned? APPENDIX SCORING Independent Essay Proficiency Checklist. 310 Independent Essay Rating Guide 312 Integrated Essay Proficiency Checklist. 314 Integrated Essay Rating Guide. 316 Independent Speaking Proficiency Checklist Independent Speaking Rating Guide Integrated Speaking Proficiency Checklist Integrated Speaking Rating Guide EXERCISES. 326 Identifying Rhetorical Strategies. 326 Identifying Opinions. 327 Checking for Parallelism Gerund Predictors 329 ANSWER KEY. 330 Identifying Rhetorical Strategies. 330 Identifying Opinions Checking for Parallelism. 331 Gerund Predictors. 332 INDEPENDEN ESSAY RAINGS 333 Agree-Disagree Prompt

8 viii - Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib Preference Prompt. 333 Compare-Contrast Prompt. 333 Advantage-Disadvantage Prompt. 334 Advantage Prompt. 335 Disadvantage Prompt Reason Prompts. 336 Quality Prompt Advanced Independent Essays. 338 INEGRAED ESSAY RAINGS SPEAKING ASK RAINGS Audio Scripts Glossary 379 Also From Nova Press.. 382

9 Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib - ix OEFL ib Facts 1. he OEFL ib is an English language proficiency test. OEFL tests academic English language proficiency. For OEFL, academic English means first year, college-level English. 2. OEFL means test of English as a foreign language. ib means internetbased test. Internet-based means the test computers are connected to the internet. Your answers will be sent via the internet to be scored by ES. 3. he OEFL ib is designed and implemented by Educational esting Services (ES) Princeton, New Jersey, USA. 4. You cannot pass or fail the OEFL test. You will get a score out of 120 total points. Your score measures your English language proficiency. he higher your score, the higher your English language proficiency. 5. he OEFL ib is divided into four test sections. You cannot change the task order. Section ask ime Score Reading 3-5 essays minutes 30/30 Listening 2-3 dialogues 4-6 lectures 60 minutes 30/30 break 10 minutes Speaking 2 independent tasks 2 minutes 4 integrated tasks 18 minutes 30/30 Writing 1 integrated task 23 minutes 1 independent task 30 minutes 30/30 otal: 4 hours 120/120

10 x - Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib 6. Before you take the OEFL test, find out the OEFL requirements of the school to which you are applying. Some U.S. colleges and universities do not require a OEFL score. 7. In some countries, you can take the OEFL PB (paper-based test). If you want to go to graduate school in the United States, do not take the PB. ake the ib instead. Why? Because graduate and post graduate students at U.S. universities are expected to teach undergraduate classes. hat means you must be able to speak academic English proficiently. hat is what the ib tests. he PB does not test speaking. 8. In the United States, you can register for the OEFL ib online or by phone. Visit for registration information. In the United States, the busiest registration times are at the end of each school semester when OEFL courses end and OEFL students are ready to take the test. he OEFL test is very popular. Register as early as possible. 9. You can take notes during the test. Pencils and paper will be supplied. You cannot use your own pencil or paper. After the test, you must give your notes to the test site manager. 10. Expect to use an old-style Microsoft keyboard when you take the test. 11. Your OEFL ib score is good for two years. You cannot renew your OEFL score. You must retake the test and get a new score. For more OEFL information, visit