TRABAJO FIN DE GRADO EN GRADO EN ESTUDIOS INGLESES HOW TO PREPARE AND DELIVER ORAL PRESENTATIONS FILOLOGÍA INGLESA

Transcription

1 TRABAJO FIN DE GRADO EN GRADO EN ESTUDIOS INGLESES HOW TO PREPARE AND DELIVER ORAL PRESENTATIONS FILOLOGÍA INGLESA

2 OVERVIEW How to prepare and deliver an Oral Presentation I. Introduction II. Speech Preparation and Structure II. The Use of PowerPoint and Visuals III. Presentation Delivery to sound interesting IV. Summary and References

3 I. I. INTRODUCTION If all my possessions were taken from me with one exception, I would choose to keep the power of speech, for by it I would soon regain all the rest Daniel Webster

4 I. I. INTRODUCTION Revising the Benefits of Public Speaking: - Enhance Personal and Social Abilities - Improve your Academic and Career Skills - Refine your General Communication Abilities - Improve your Public Speaking Abilities

5 II. II. PREPARATION AND STRUCTURE STEP 1: SPEECH PREPARATION (Asking Yourself) Aim Content Audience Organization Info Sources What for: What you want to achieve What you want to say (Central Points) Who you are speaking to - What do they know? - What will interest them? How you want to structure your talk From whom: Cited works / authors

6 II. II. PREPARATION AND STRUCTURE Time Venue Facilities Delivery / Defense How long you have to talk Where you will be giving the talk Available resources (PPT & Visuals) How will your project be delivered and defended to get a good mark

7 II. II. PREPARATION AND STRUCTURE STEP 2: PREPARATION (Think carefully and decide BRAINSTORMING: Random ideas on paper Categorise ideas on paper Sequence / logical flow? Links between ideas what to say)

8 II. II. PREPARATION AND STRUCTURE STEP 3: STRUCTURE (reflected in the PPT Slides) Follow the order set out by your Research Modality. (Eg. Possible Headings for Modality 1): Title Table of Contents Introduction Literature Review Methodology Pedagogical Implications Conclusions References Appendices

9 II. II. PREPARATION AND STRUCTURE STEP 4: STRUCTURE Tips for your Introduction Purpose of your Opening: Prompt interest on the topic Gain audience s attention and credibility Provide overview of the whole talk Explain purpose of your talk REMEMBER: A solid opening creates a good impression

10 II. II. PREPARATION AND STRUCTURE STEP 4: STRUCTURE Tips for your Speech Body Follow the order set out in the Table of Contents Use appropriate Connectors / Logical Transitions Use Visuals for tracking Progress Tips for your Conclusion Provide Signal that the Summary is beginning Provide Summary of the Main Points Explain how the Objectives were achieved Finish with a concise take away Message

11 III. III. The Use of of PowerPoint and Visuals The PowerPoint (I): Aspects to be Covered BRAINSTORMING: Title Slide Table of Contents Slide Organization of Content Animation Font Size Font Colour & Background Spelling and Grammar Tables, Charts and Graphs Thank You for Attention Slide

12 III. III. The Use of of PowerPoint and Visuals The PowerPoint (II): The Power of Images The use of PPT helps us keep the Audience s Attention and Interest: Ensure to focus Attention on Key Points Clarifies what you are saying Empowers the Speaker s Message Provides an adequate Balance between Visual and Oral Inputs

13 III. III. The Use of of PowerPoint and Visuals The PowerPoint (III): Good organization of Content DOES: The Slides should be (visually) very simple and easy to read or understand at a glance The Slides should be well laid out and attractive but not distracting Each Slide should have a Title related to a point of the Table of Contents

14 III. III. The Use of of PowerPoint and Visuals The PowerPoint (IV): Good organization of Content DOES: Use 1-2 slides per minute Use simple language (keywords and phases) Write in point form or in short sentences Include 4-5 points per slide Show one point at a time

15 III. III. The Use of of PowerPoint and Visuals The PowerPoint (V): Bad Organization of Content DON TS: Don t move from Slide to Slide without explaining them to the Public Don t stop in a Slide whose Content you are not referring to Don t overload a Slide with too much Info or animation Don t read Text Slides systematically

16 III. III. The Use of of PowerPoint and Visuals The PowerPoint (VI): Bad Organization of Content DON TS: This page contains too many words for a presentation slide. It is not written in point form, making it difficult both for your audience to read and for you to present each point. Although there are exactly the same number of points on this slide as the previous slide, it looks much more complicated. In short, your audience will spend too much time trying to read this paragraph instead of listening to you.

17 III. III. The Use of of PowerPoint and Visuals The PowerPoint (VII): Fonts Good Practice DOES: Use at least an 18-point font Use different size fonts for main points and secondary points This font is 24-point, the main point font is 28-point, and the title font is 36-point Use a standard font like Arial or Tahoma for the main text Verdana is a good title font

18 III. III. The Use of of PowerPoint and Visuals The PowerPoint (VIII): Fonts Bad Practice DON TS: If you use a small font, your audience won t be able to read what you have written CAPITALIZE ONLY WHEN NECESSARY. IT IS DIFFICULT TO READ Don t use a complicated font

19 III. III. The Use of of PowerPoint and Visuals The PowerPoint (IX): Colour Good Practice DOES: Use a font colour that contrasts sharply with a simple & attractive background (Eg.: dark blue text on light blue/white background) Use colour to emphasize a point but only use this occasionally Use the same text and background colour consistently

20 III. III. The Use of of PowerPoint and Visuals The PowerPoint (X): Colour Bad Practice DON TS: Using a font colour that does not contrast with the background colour is hard to read Using colour for decoration is distracting and annoying Using a different colour for each point is unnecessary Using a different colour for secondary points is also unnecessary DO NOT BE TOO CREATIVE

21 III. III. The Use of of PowerPoint and Visuals Visuals (I): Good Practice DOES: Why use visual aids? 55% of the information we take in is visual 60% of population are visual Makes the presentation memorable Achieves objectives How should they be? Big / Relevant / Clear / Non-distracting Simple get point within 5 seconds Keep text to a minimum

22 III. III. The Use of of PowerPoint and Visuals Visuals (II): Good Graphs DOES: Use graphs rather than words - Data in graphs is easier to comprehend & retain than raw data - Some Info is easier to visualize in graph form Always title your graphs

23 III. III. The Use of of PowerPoint and Visuals Visuals(III): Fonts Bad Practice DON TS: Avoid too small fonts Avoid shading & illogical colours (distracting background and text) Avoid missing the title Avoid unnecessary details (eg. minor gridlines in the background of your graphs)

24 III. III. The Use of of PowerPoint and Visuals PPT and Visuals: Spelling and Grammar Proof your slides to avoid: - spelling mistakes - repeated or redundant words - grammatical errors

25 III. III. The Use of of PowerPoint and Visuals Model Text of a PowerPoint Slide: Picture TITLE Lower Case Letters, Not Capitals. A Bulleted List, Not Sentences. A Separate Line for Each Point. Clear Simple Print Font Size.

26 III. III. The Use of of PowerPoint and Visuals When showing a Slide, you say (I): When you are preparing a text slide, all these points are important. First, you should never put whole sentences and long stretches of text on a slide. It is better to use a bulleted list, as we have here. Second, don t try to get more on the slide by putting two points together. Whether you use bullet points or not, there should always be a separate line for a separate point one point, one line.

27 III. III. The Use of of PowerPoint and Visuals When showing a Slide, you say (II): The next thing to remember may seem obvious, but it is amazing how often has the experience in the audience of not being able to read a visual aid because the letters are too small! So use very large print that everyone can read. Font size 22 or 24 is usually good. And research has shown that people find lower case letters easier to read than capitals.

28 IV. IV. PRESENTATION DELIVERY Good Delivery (I): REVISE YOUR ATTITUDE: - Go beyond your image: Be natural be YOURSELF Know and Use your own Style (genuine, engaging, humorous ) - Choose to Express, NOT to Impress - Understand your Audience and think what they want: To spend their time well To hear something of value

29 IV. IV. PRESENTATION DELIVERY Good Delivery (II): FOUR MAIN AREAS - What you do with Yourself Physically: EYES VOICE HANDS / GESTURES BODY / STANCE

30 IV. IV. PRESENTATION DELIVERY Good Delivery (III): REAL EYECONTACT Good Delivery (III): Your Audience needs Eyecontact: - Maintain conversation with your Eyes - Pay attention to each person!: 4 secs - Look at the Whole Audience - Do not talk to your screen - Pay attention to how audience respond. - Look and Smile!

31 IV. IV. PRESENTATION DELIVERY Good Delivery (IV): CHECK EYECONTACT DO DON T

32 IV. IV. PRESENTATION DELIVERY Good Delivery (V): USE YOUR VOICE Vocal Variety is paramount & includes: tone, expression, volume, rate, pace and accent/dialect issues INTONATION AND VARIATION - Pause at key points and emphasize them - Make your speech sound more listener-friendly, vivid and dynamic - Avoid reading and monotone

33 IV. IV. PRESENTATION DELIVERY Good Delivery (VI): USE YOUR VOICE VOLUME -Project your Voice: Sound energetic: as if you are shouting to yourself Breathe well and deeply Raise your voice volume to emphasize important words SPEED - Control your Speed from the 1 st sec you speak. - Don t say all Words at the same Speed

34 IV. IV. PRESENTATION DELIVERY Good Delivery (VII): HANDS AND GESTURES BE EXPRESSIVE, BUT : - Don t distract your Audience (avoid: having fidgety and unnecessary hand gestures / holding objects like pens, etc.) - Limit your hand movement and don t put them in your pockets - Keep your hand empty

35 IV. IV. PRESENTATION DELIVERY Good Delivery (VIII): BODY / STANCE - Don t exaggerate (no nervous movement, no tapping, no body weight changing from leg to leg, etc.) - Have good posture + natural gestures: movement only from waist to chin (still lower-body) / spine straight / natural hand movement / relaxed arms by your side / empty hands / knees straight but lose, feet about hip distance apart, etc. - Stand facing the audience (don t turn your back to them frequently)

36 IV. IV. PRESENTATION DELIVERY Good Delivery (IX): What NOT to do in your Conclusion. DURING: Don t stop the Presentation awkwardly Don t rush through the Final Points because of Lack of Time Don t omit the Conclusion Don t lower the Voice Volume when ending AFTER: Rushing back to your seat without thanking and looking at the Audience

37 IV. IV. PRESENTATION DELIVERY Good Delivery (X): What to do in your Conclusion. DURING: Deliver your Conclusion clear and calmly to look you are in control till the end Summarize your Main Points if you run out of time Give your Audience some Further Advice, Action Steps or something to think about. Finish with a strong & powerful statement AFTER: After a brief Pause, smile and thank your Audience for their Attention

38 V. V. SUMMARY AND REFERENCES (I) (I) Planning/Preparation of Speech Structure - Logical structure - Introduce, present and close - Rehearse PPT Slides and Visuals - Use simple language & short sentences - Use images and graphs where possible - Clear, easy to read Delivery - Speak clearly - Use positive non-verbal communication

39 V. V. SUMMARY AND REFERENCES (II) Anderson, K.; J. Maclean & T. Lynch (2004). Study Speaking. A Course in Spoken English for Academic Purposes. Cambridge: CUP. Craven, M. (2008). Real Listening & Speaking 1. Cambridge: CUP (2008). Real Listening & Speaking 3. Cambridge: CUP (2008). Real Listening & Speaking 4. Cambridge: CUP. Devito, J.A. (2000). Elements of Public Speaking. New York: Longman.

40 V. V. SUMMARY AND REFERENCES (III) Gettyimages. Logan, S. & C. Thaine (2008). Real Listening & Speaking 2. Cambridge: CUP. Mahdi, H. (2009). Presenting a final project. ECE Students Website. %20Final%20Year%20Project% pdf Martínez Selva, J.M. (2003). Aprender a comunicarse en público. Barcelona: Paidós. Zarefsky, D. (2000). Public Speaking. Strategies for Success. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

41 FILOLOGÍA INGLESA - UMU How to Prepare & Deliver Oral Presentations FINAL DEGREE PROJECTS 4º GEI THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION