Plenary 3: Panel Discussion on Role of International Communities to Strengthen EIA System and Its Implementation

Transcription

1 International Workshop for EIA System in Asia Plenary 3: Panel Discussion on Role of International Communities to Strengthen EIA System and Its Implementation 25th Feb 2015 Takashi KAJI Environmental & Social Consideration Supervision Division, Credit Risk Analysis and environmental Review Department JICA Guidelines for ESC 1 JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (2010) (Effective since 1st July 2010) English version: social_environmental/guideline/pdf/gui deline pdf Japanese version: eline/pdf/guideline01.pdf 1

2 Policy of JICA Guidelines 2 Japan s ODA Charter: In formulating and implementing assistance policies, Japan takes steps to assure fairness Achieved by giving consideration to conditions of socially vulnerable and to gaps between rich and poor, as well as gaps among various regions in developing countries Great attention is paid to factors such as environmental and social impacts on developing countries Policy of JICA Guidelines 3 Inclusion of environmental and social costs in development costs, and social and institutional framework that makes such inclusion are crucial for sustainable development. Internalization and institutional framework are requirements for measures regarding ESC. With respect to human rights and in view of principles of democratic governance, measures for ESC are implemented by ensuring a wide range of meaningful stakeholder participation and transparency of decisionmaking, as well as by working for information disclosure and by ensuring efficiency. Governments bear responsibility for accountability, but at the same time stakeholders are responsible for their comments. Owing to issues discussed above, JICA considers environmental and social impacts when implementing cooperation projects. 2

3 Objectives of JICA Guidelines 4 To outline JICA s responsibilities and procedures, along with its requirements for project proponents etc. (1) To encourage project proponents etc. to have appropriate consideration for environmental and social impacts (2) To ensure that JICA s support for and examination of ESC are conducted accordingly (3) In doing so, JICA endeavors to ensure transparency, predictability, and accountability in its support for and examination of ESC Who is responsible for ESC? 5 Project Proponent: bears responsibility for ESC JICA: confirms the implementation of ESC by project proponents Through environmental review and supervision of monitoring, and By providing technical support through its studies and Technical Cooperation Schemes. 3

4 Approaches to Strengthen EIA System 6 Technical Supports in Studies Assignment of ESC expert in studies (e.g. preparatory survey*) to support project proponents, etc. to implement ESC * A preparatory survey is a survey that prepares JICA cooperation programs and also identifies and prepares individual projects by confirming relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, etc. Approaches to Strengthen EIA System 7 Technical Supports in Studies Example of tasks on ESC expert: To support project proponent to prepare environmental impact assessment report. The task covers items as follows: - Scoping - Analysis on alternatives - Gathering of baseline data - Impact analysis and developing of mitigation measures - Preparation of environmental management and monitoring plan - Information disclosure and public participation 4

5 Approaches to Strengthen EIA System 8 Technical Cooperation Projects Supports human resource development, research and development, technology dissemination and the development of institutional frameworks essential for the development of economies and societies in developing countries by dispatching experts, accepting training participants and/or providing equipment. Approaches to Strengthen EIA System 9 Technical Cooperation Projects Example 1: Project for Capacity Development in Basic Water Environmental Management and EIA System in Myanmar Project Purpose - To improve capacity for water quality management and enhance EIA evaluation system - To alleviate river water pollution due to wastewater discharged from industrial zones 5

6 Approaches to Strengthen EIA System 10 Technical Cooperation Projects Example 2: Project on Capacity Enhancement of Environmental and Social Considerations for Resettlement (Cambodia) ( ) Project Purpose To strengthen capacity of Resettlement Department (RD), Ministry of Economic and Finance (MEF) to manage resettlement Major Outputs 1: To review and evaluate current capacity and needs of RD 2: To improve understandings about ESC 3: To improve capacity for information management 4: To improve capacity for planning and implementation of resettlement Approaches to Strengthen EIA System 11 Training and Dialogue Programs Training and Dialogue Programs: Originate as a proposal from Japan to a developing country and are carried out only after a corresponding request is received. - International Training and dialogue - Long-term international training and dialogue - Region focused training and dialogue Projects for Country Focused Training and Dialogue: Carried out in response to a specific request from a developing country. - Individual training - Project counterpart training - Long-term training and dialogue 6

7 Approaches to Strengthen EIA System 12 Training and Dialogue Programs Example 1: Environmental and Social Considerations on Public Works in Planning and Designing (Cambodia) ( ) Purpose 1. To deepen understandings about JICA Guidelines for ESC and relevant issues 2. To obtain knowledge about systems and manuals for land acquisition and resettlement in Japan, and environmentally friendly projects 3. To develop ideas to improve ESC in projects in own country Approaches to Strengthen EIA System 13 Training and Dialogue Programs Example 2: Public Participation, Consensus Building and Resettlement in Public Works Projects for Asian Countries (2010) Purpose 1. To obtain skills to promote public participation into planning process of public projects 2. To understand appropriate resettlement and compensation based on ESC, and their issues in own countries 3. To obtain skills to develop scheme, guideline and regulation for public participation, resettlement and land acquisition in planning process for public projects 7

8 Lessons Learnt 14 Capacity development for ESC - Improvement of understanding about JICA Guidelines and safeguard policies of donors - Not only to develop manuals/guidelines but also practical training on the ground - Enhancement of capacities in central government as well as regional government - Development of system to share skill/knowledge in institution to avoid losing them due to staff rotation Implementation of ESC - Discrepancy between domestic laws/regulations and JICA Guidelines; e.g. environmental standards, replacement cost, compensation to informal residents, etc. - Not enough capacity of local consultant; e.g. environmental survey, census survey, replacement cost survey, etc. - Cooperation with NGOs etc. in stakeholders meetings - Improvement of monitoring during project implementation 8