Data Collection and Management Methods. Mabior Ayuen, PhD Student. Walden University. April 26, 2015

Transcription

1 Running head: DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT METHODS 1 Data Collection and Management Methods Mabior Ayuen, PhD Student Walden University April 26, 2015

2 DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT METHODS 2 Introduction For the past weeks, the qualitative researchers and graduate students discussed a number of data collection and management methods through public observation and interviewing questions (Gibbs & Taylor, 2005). The qualitative researchers were collecting and gathering the data from the interviews and public or private observations based on hand-coding data (Creswell, 2013). The graduate students and qualitative researchers were grouping into two students to analyze the hand-coding data in terms of interview questions and protocol. The purpose of this qualitative research plan was to maintain the integrity of data collection, and data management approaches through observations and interviews (Patton, 2002). This article will outline the following topics including types of data, observation, interviewing, and recommendation data. Types of Data In approaching qualitative research plan, the purpose of these kinds of data were to maintain the integrity of qualitative data analysis through representation and interpretation (Creswell, 2013 and Patton, 2002). In data analysis and representation, there were a number of qualitative research approaches the qualitative researchers would develop the data interpretation through grounded

3 DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT METHODS 3 theory, ethnography, and case study (Creswell, 2013). First, the qualitative researchers would prepare and organize the data analysis through transcribe data and matrix sources (Gibbs & Taylor, 2005). In grounded theory approach, the graduate students would create the files and choose the open coding levels (Creswell, 2013). In approaching case study and ethnography, the qualitative researchers would develop the social settings and establish the patterns or themes in hand-coding data (Creswell, 2013). Second, the qualitative researchers would explore the code data through memo ideas and transcripts coding data (Gibbs & Taylor, 2005). In approaching phenomenology and grounded theory methods, the qualitative researchers would demonstrate the personal experience life and engaged in the hand-coding data through descriptive passages (Gibbs & Taylor, 2005). Third, the qualitative researchers would create the descriptions and themes in term of data approaches through unexpected themes and events (Miles & Huberman, 1994). Finally, the qualitative researchers and graduate students would illustrate the data collection through field notes and transcripts (Creswell, 2013). In qualitative research method, the observation and interviewing would be useful for the qualitative research plan for the findings data collection and management methods (Creswell, 2013; Gibbs & Taylor, 2005). The author demonstrated that

4 DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT METHODS 4 the textual data would create the codes such as field notes, memos, direct and indirect observations (Patton, 2002). Observation Data Collection In approaching qualitative research plan, the observation data collection illustrated a systematic data collection methods and examined people in natural settings environment situations (Creswell, 2013). The field notes of observation would involve the prolonged communications in the social situations, expressed the notations how the observation would observe and obtain the recording tapes (Creswell, 2013). In approaching observation data collection, there were the types of reasons the qualitative researchers considered the representation would be a useful for the data collection (Miles & Huberman, 1994). First, the qualitative researchers would focus on the open-ended questions and recorded for data collection (Creswell, 2013). Second, the qualitative researchers should explain the behaviors of people in natural settings (Creswell, Third, the qualitative researchers should study the phenomenon in the natural settings and built up the rapport of self-confident (Patton, 2002). Finally, the non-participant observers would use the body behaviors such as facial expressions, and participant observers would demonstrate the adequate observation tapes and recording of data collection

5 DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT METHODS 5 (Patton, 2002). In qualitative observation approach, the ethical issues and contexts of observation should define the meaning of data representation because the qualitative researchers should validate the credibility of the findings (Miles & Huberman, 1994). In grounded theory approach, the qualitative researchers summarized the observations in terms of field notes and personal life experiences (Creswell, 2013). Interviewing Data Collection In qualitative research approach, Creswell (2013) explained that the interviews data collection should base on the sources of data in the qualitative study questions. The goals and objectives of the interviews data collection were to establish the rapport of trust, field notes, open-ended questions, and less structured style (Miles & Huberman, 1994). There were a number of data analysis strategies the qualitative researchers should consider during data collection approaches (Creswell, 2013 and Patton, 2002). First, the qualitative researchers should establish the rapport of trust with participants and determined the open-ended questions with less structured style (Patton, Second, the researchers should develop the unstructured ideas with opening question such as Would you tell us about your personal life experience of visiting the refugee camp in Africa? (Gibbs

6 DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT METHODS 6 & Taylor, 2005). Third, the qualitative researchers should explore the views and personal life experiences of participants and demonstrated the understanding of social events (Patton, 2002). Finally, the qualitative researchers should illustrate the interpersonal knowledge and skills such as listening and questioning (Creswell, 2013). The legal issues and context of bias should maintain because these would damage the integrity of data collection and rapport of trust with participants (Patton, 2002). Based on the research questions and interviewing protocols, it would be an essential for the interviewers to develop the rapport of trust with participants and asked open-ended questions (Creswell, 2013). The qualitative researchers would develop the kind of interviewing protocol based on each type of members such as structured, unstructured, and semi-structured interviews (Creswell, 2013). Recommend Data Methods In approaching qualitative method, Bazeley (2007) described that data management was a vital part of qualitaive research approach because it involved the textual data.the purpose of this data management method was to ensure the integrity of data would keep secure all times (Cresswell, 2007). The data management would be a useful for the qualitative data, and there were a number of

7 DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT METHODS 7 methods the researchers would employ to maintain the integrity of data collection (Bazeley, 2007 and Creswell, 2013). First, the structural coding data would create and organize the specific interviews question of the participants (Bazeley, 2007). It would focus on the general sense of data and not making hypothesis testing (Bazeley, 2007). Second, the selective coding data would create the group and indvidual interviews (Bazeley, 2007). It would demonstrate the copyrights and personal confidentiality data (Bazeley, 2007). Finally, the researchers would determine the research questions through meeting recordings and official documents ( creswell, 2013). The quantitative research plan would collect the data by using existing source materrials, and qualitative research plan would collect the data through group interviews and meetings (Patton, 2002). In the qualitative metod, the NVivo software would be useful for the data management because there were a number of ways the researchers would manage the NVivo data (Bazeley, 2007). First, the researchers would manage the data documents through interview transcripts and field notes of observations (Creswell, 2013). Second, the researchers would manage the interview ideas in terms of conceptual and theeoretical matters (Bazeley, 2007). Finally, the researchers would develop the query questions of data through interrogation processes (Patton, 2002).

8 DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT METHODS 8 Conclusion For the past weeks, the qualitative researchers and graduate students discussed a number of data collection and management methods through public observation and interviewing questions (Gibbs & Taylor, 2005). The qualitative researchers were collecting and gathering the data from the interviews and public or private observations based on hand-coding data (Creswell, 2013). In approaching qualitative research plan, the observation data collection illustrated a systematic data collection methods and examined people in natural settings environment situations (Creswell, 2013). The field notes of observation would involve the prolonged communications in social situations, expressed the notations how the observation would observe and obtain the recording tapes (Creswell, 2013). In qualitative research approach, Creswell (2013) explained that the interviews data collection should base on the sources of data in the qualitative study questions. The goals and objectives of these interviews data collection were to establish the rapport of trust, field notes, open-ended questions, and less structured styles (Miles & Huberman, 1994). By Mabior Ayuen, PhD Student; Dr. Patricia Fusch, PhD

9 DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT METHODS 9 References Bazeley, P. (2007). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sag Publications, Inc. Creswell, J. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Gibbs, G. R., & Taylor, C. (2005). How and what to code. Retrieved from Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.