Dark Skies Outreach to Sub-Saharan Africa Program

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1 Turtle Hatching Standards: The Night You Hatched has been developed and tested based on the National and Arizona Standards. Science Inquiry is multi-faceted and correlates well with many other standards. Integration of science content, mathematics and research/language arts standards will enhance student achievement. Included are sample standards. 1. Understanding of scientific concepts 2. An appreciation of "how we know" what we know in science 3. Understanding of the nature of science 4. Skills necessary to become independent inquirers about the natural world Arizona Science Standards: Changes in the Environment: Describe the interactions between human populations, natural hazards, and the environment. Science and Technology in Society Understand the impact of technology. ADE Grade 1 Life Science PO 1. Identify the following as characteristics of living things: growth and development reproduction response to stimulus ADE Grade 2 Life Science PO 1. Identify animal structures that serve different functions (e.g., sensory, defense, locomotion). ADE Grade 3 Life Science PO 1. Identify animal structures that serve different functions (e.g., sensory, defense, locomotion). ADE Grade 4 Changes in Environments PO 1. Describe how natural events and human activities have positive and negative impacts on environments (e.g., fire, floods, pollution, dams). ADE Grade 5 Life Science PO 3. Identify the functions and parts of the nervous system: control center brain relay mechanism spinal cord transport messages Lesson/Lesson (for each lesson) ADE Grade 5 Changes in Environments PO 3. Evaluate the possible strengths and weaknesses of a proposed solution to a specific problem relevant to human, animal, or habitat needs. ADE Strand 3 of the Reading Standard (Informational Text) can be taught or reinforced with all areas of the Science Standard. Teachers are encouraged to explore the extensive opportunities to integrate writing, math, social studies, technology and the other academic standards with the Science Standard. Classroom teachers will identify connections between the Science Standard and other subject areas to promote the teaching of a comprehensive curriculum at each grade level. These science standards provide a starting point for integration and are not intended to be inclusive of all opportunities for integrating content.

2 Constellation at Your Fingertips (all editions) Dark Skies Outreach to Standards: Constellation at Your Fingertips has been developed and tested based on the National and Arizona Standards. Science Inquiry standards are multi-faceted and correlates well with many other standards. Integration of science content, mathematics and research/language arts standards will enhance student achievement. Included are sample standards. 1. Understanding of scientific concepts 2. An appreciation of "how we know" what we know in science 3. Understanding of the nature of science 4. Skills necessary to become independent inquirers about the natural world Arizona Science Standards: ADE Grade 1 Earth and Space PO 2. Compare celestial objects (e.g., Sun, Moon, stars) and transient objects in the sky (e.g., clouds, birds, airplanes, contrails). PO 3. Describe observable changes that occur in the sky, (e.g., clouds forming and moving, the position of the Moon). ADE Grade 5 Earth and Space Science PO 3. Describe various objects in the sky (e.g., asteroids, comets, stars, meteors/shooting stars). ADE Grades K-5 Process Skill of observation is essential and designated at all grade levels.

3 Demonstrating Light Pollution and Shielding Standards: This lesson has been developed and tested based on the U.S. National and Arizona State Standards. Science Inquiry is multi-faceted and correlates well with many other standards. Integration of science content, mathematics and research/language arts standards will enhance student achievement. Included are sample standards. 1. Understanding of scientific concepts 2. An appreciation of "how we know" what we know in science 3. Understanding of the nature of science 4. Skills necessary to become independent inquirers about the natural world Arizona State Standards: This lesson integrates the introduction and design of scientifically oriented questions. Grades 3-8: S1,C1,PO1. (Gr3-8) Formulate relevant questions about the properties of objects, organisms, and events of the environment using observations and prior knowledge. (See M03-S2C1-01) S1,C2,PO2. (Gr. 5-8) Plan a simple investigation that identifies the variables to be controlled. S1,C3,PO2. (Gr. 3-4) Construct reasonable interpretations of the collected data based on formulated questions. S1,C3,PO1. (Gr. 5-8) Analyze data obtained in a scientific investigation to identify trends and form conclusions. S1,C4,PO3 (Gr. 3-4) Communicate with other groups to describe the results of an investigation. S1,C4,PO1. (Gr. 5-8) Communicate verbally or in writing the results of an inquiry. S3,C1,PO3. (Gr. 5-8) Evaluate the possible strengths and weaknesses of a proposed solution to a specific problem relevant to human, animal, or habitat needs. S3,C2,PO3. (Gr.3-8) Design and construct a technological solution to a common problem or need using common materials High School: S1,C1,PO2. Develop questions from observations that transition into testable hypotheses. S1,C3,PO2. Evaluate whether investigational data support or do not support the proposed hypothesis. S1,C4,PO3. Communicate results clearly and logically. S3,C1,PO4. Evaluate the following factors that affect the quality of the environment:-urban development S3,C3,PO3. Predict the effect of a change in a specific factor on a human population.

4 How Light Pollution Affects the Stars: Magnitude Readers Dark Skies Outreach to Standards: This lesson has been developed and tested based on the U.S. National and Arizona State Standards. Science Inquiry is multi-faceted and correlates well with many other standards. Integration of science content, mathematics and research/language arts standards will enhance student achievement. Included are sample standards. Understanding of scientific concepts An appreciation of "how we know" what we know in science Understanding of the nature of science Skills necessary to become independent inquirers about the natural world Arizona State Standards: This lesson integrates well the introduction and design of scientifically oriented questions along with the design of the procedures in the scientific process. The generated questions may be most significant after the data collection. (Standards addressed in this activity include the following. Grades 5-8 S1,C2,PO4. Perform measurements using appropriate scientific tools. S1,C2,PO5. Keep a record of observations, notes, sketches, questions, and ideas using tools such as written and/or computer logs. (See W07-S3C2-01 and W07-S3C3-01) S1,C3,PO1. Analyze data obtained in a scientific investigation to identify trends and form conclusions. (See M05-S2C1-03) S3,C1,PO1. Analyze environmental risks (e.g., pollution, destruction of habitat) caused by human interaction with biological or geological systems. S6,C3,PO5. (Gr7) Identify the following major constellations visible (seasonally) from the Northern Hemisphere. Grades 9-12 S1,C1,PO1. Evaluate scientific information for relevance to a given problem. (See R09-S3C1, R10-S3C1, R11- S3C1) S1,C2,PO5. Record observations, notes, sketches, questions, and ideas using tools such as journals, charts, graphs and computers. S1,C3,PO1. Interpret data that show a variety of possible relationships between variables, including: positive relationship negative relationship no relationship S3,C1,PO4. Evaluate the following factors that affect the quality of the environment: urban development

5 Spectra of Lights: An Interactive Demonstration with Diffraction Gratings Selected U.S. National Science Education Standards: (not limited to the following) 1. (K-12) Unifying Concepts and Processes: understanding of evidence, models, and explanation and form and function 2. (K-4) Physical Science Content Standard B: develop an understanding of properties of objects and materials, and light, heat, and electricity 3. (9-12) Physical Science Content Standard B: develop an understanding of structure of atoms, structure and properties of matter, chemical reactions, and interactions of energy and matter 4. (K-4) Science in Personal and Social Perspectives Content Standard F: an understanding of personal health, changes in environments, and science and technology in local challenges; (5-8) risks and benefits, and science and technology in society 5. (9-12) Science and Technology Content Standard E: an understanding of abilities of technological design and understandings about science and technology Selected State Standards: (not limited to the following) S1.C1.P01 K-8 S1.C4.P01 K-12 S5.C1.PO S5.C3.PO1 3-12

6 Outdoor Lighting Audit U.S. National Science Standards: Understanding of scientific concepts An appreciation of "how we know" what we know in science Understanding of the nature of science Skills necessary to become independent inquirers about the natural world Arizona Science Standards: (This activity utilizes the following Standards but is not limited to them.) Grades 5 8 S1,C2,PO2. Plan a simple investigation that identifies the variables to be controlled. S1,C2,PO3. Conduct simple investigations based on student-developed questions in life, physical, and Earth and space sciences. S1,C2,PO5. Record data in an organized and appropriate format (e.g., t-chart, table, list, written log). S1,C3,PO1. Analyze data obtained in a scientific investigation to identify trends and form conclusions. S1,C4,PO3. Communicate with other groups or individuals to compare the results of a common investigation. S3,C2,PO2. Compare possible solutions to best address an identified need or problem. Grades 9 12 S1,C2,PO4. Conduct a scientific investigation that is based on a research design. S1,C2.PO5. Record observations, notes, sketches, questions, and ideas using tools such as journals, charts, graphs, and computers. S1,C3,PO6. Use descriptive statistics to analyze data, including: mean, frequency, range. (MHS-S2C1-10) S1,C4,PO1-For a specific investigation, choose an appropriate method for communicating the results. S1,C4,PO3. Communicate results clearly and logically. S2,C1,PO3. Analyze how specific changes in science have affected society. S2,C2,PO3. Distinguish between pure and applied science. S3,C1,PO5. Evaluate the effectiveness of conservation practices and preservation techniques on environmental quality and biodiversity. S3,C2,PO3. Support a position on a science or technology issue.