Assessing Information Loss in EPC to BPMN Business Process Model Transformation

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Assessing Information Loss in EPC to BPMN Business Process Model Transformation"

Transcription

1 Assessing Information Loss in EPC to BPMN Business Process Model Transformation Olga Levina Department of Systems Analysis and IT Berlin Institute of Technology, Germany Abstract Much research work has been discussing the transformation between different process modeling languages. The focus was often put on model syntax rather than on the integrity of process content. Here an established approach for evaluating content is used to assess the content change that results due to process model transformation from EPC to BPMN business process representation. The results show that induced change is not significant and provides insights into EPC and BPMN language structures. Contribution of this paper is thus a generic strategy for content measurement in business process models as well as theoretical view on business process modeling notations. The findings have implications for analysts and modelers in that they provide guidance on language choice and reduce uncertainty of model transformation. Key words Process modeling, content, empirical study, EPC, BPMN I. INTRODUCTION Business process models are components of efficient and structured management of organizations and enterprises. There are different incentives to model business process in enterprises being e.g. business process re-engineering, documentation or visualization. Nonetheless, creation and maintenance of business process models requires a significant effort by the enterprise or organization in terms of personal resources, time and costs [14]. Therefore, process models constitute a valuable asset for the enterprise that needs to be preserved and maintained. Numerous modeling notations were designed to capture different process aspects for process documentation and visualization. One of the popular modeling notations for business process modeling is the EPC (event-driven process chain). Starting in the 1990ies various enterprises created numerous business process models using this notation that are still being used as basis for process execution and management. More recently, due to the movement towards international collaboration between enterprises and the need for a common modeling language, Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) has been developed and standardized. Being an international standard, BPMN is gaining importance in the context of international collaboration between enterprises. Hence, enterprises that have put the effort to model their processes using EPC and are supposed to change to BPMN due to the external or internal incentives need to address the question what effects will the process transformation to BPMN have. Thus, this is the research question of this paper: Does content change when a business process model designed in EPC is remodeled in BPMN? A subsequent question that arises is: which of the two process modeling notations provides the more efficient process representation? This paper addresses these questions by analyzing changes in the content of the model that are induced by structural transformation between languages using theoretical approach. Applying the definition by [5] and [12], is considered here as a technical unit. Its content can be quantitatively perceived based on the ideas of transmission allowing the quantification of the content of a message as well as the definition of data or elements that are redundant. Hartley [5] considered communication as an exchange of symbols that belong to a specified set. Shannon enriched this approach by introducing the probabilistic view on. He defined as the probability of certain sequences of elements from a defined set. In this paper the set of symbols is the set of elements of the modeling notation under consideration, i.e., EPC and BPMN. The message is the business process model. Here an empirical analysis of 30 business process models that were modeled using EPC and then transformed to BPMN (version 1.2) are analyzed. The contribution of this paper is the abstraction from the process semantic content of a process model enabling a generic approach to investigation of al content determination. Thus, this paper does not address consistency and semantic aspects of business process model transformation. Empirical results presented here show that transferring business process descriptions from EPCnotation in BPMN does not significantly affect its content, iff the transformation is performed according to the original model, i.e. the aspects covered (mapped) in the original model are re-modeled using the new notation. Furthermore, analysis results indicate that EPC is providing a more efficient alphabet (i.e., set of modeling elements) than BPMN, whilst BPMN

2 provides a more efficient use (i.e., modeling guidelines) of the elements for content representation. These findings are interesting for enterprises that need to transform existing process models as well as for process analysts exploring or designing a supporting business application system. Furthermore, these results can support the development of modeling guidelines regarding their efficiency. Reminder of the paper is structured as follows: adjacent to the related work overview, the subsequent section introduces the research method and aspects tested in this research. Then, BPMN, EPC as well as measurement are introduced followed by the research design description. Discussion and outlook on further research finish the paper. II. RELATED WORK In the resent business process model research the focus is increasingly laid on EPC and BPMN transformation, as many enterprise process models are stored in the EPC notation. [14] provides significant insights on the transformation technique for EPC to BPMN- model transformation. He provides transformational guidelines focusing on preservation of semantic content including the problem of mapping EPC events to BPMN. These findings were also used here to validate the analyzed BPMN models originating in EPC. As this paper investigates content of processes presented in different modeling notations, related work on modeling method evaluation is also reviewed here. [13] report techniques for evaluating modeling methods and differentiate with one of them being theoretical and conceptual investigation. This technique is applied in the presented research as it has developed means of evaluating modeling methods without the need of access to empirical data by carrying out analytical studies in well-defined and narrow subject areas based on established terms of reference such as e.g. meta-models [4] and ontology [16]. Metrics analysis [1], [6], [8], [15] uses meta-model based metrics to evaluate the structural properties of a modeling method in order to make statements about its complexity. The premise in this approach is that the presence of more modeling elements increase cognitive load for the modeler [2]. In the area of BPMN-related research [7] use count metrics by [8] to evaluate method complexity of UML versus BPMN version 1.2. They discovered the correlation between complexity and the absolute number of elements in the language and thus that rules and constrains of BPMN are a significant source of complexity [7]. Furthermore, [17] investigate what alphabetical subsets of BPMN are used by academic, consulting and general use of the language. They analyzed 120 BPMN models using mathematical and statistical techniques. Their findings show that less than 20% of BPMN vocabulary is regularly used. III. INTRODUCTION TO EPC AND BPMN Event-driven Process Chain (EPC) notation was originally developed by [9], [10] and has been modified in numerous projects [11], [14]. The original set of EPC elements consist of: event, function, connectors and control flow. This basic representation form has been extended and modified by additional elements representing organizational units or positions as well as data or al objects as the language is not formally normed or standardized. BPMN is a notation standard developed by an industry consortium and is based on UML, ebxml as well as EPC among other notations [17]. BPMN constructs are specified and documented and grouped into four basic categories: flow objects (events, tasks and gateways), connecting objects (e.g., sequence and message flows that connect flow objects), swimlanes (pools and lanes that group activities to organizational units and roles) and artifacts (e.g. data or comments). BPMN (version 1.2) can be used to describe processes at different levels of abstraction, i.e. from value chain to transactional processes [7]. BPMN in version 2.0 was released in January IV. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION MEASUREMENT IN BUSINESS PROCESS CONTEXT To approach measuring, Shannon s theory has been used here as a wide-spread method for quantification using alphabetbased message analysis. Hartley [5] laid the ground for quantification assuming that communication between several parties involves a group of symbols, here also called the alphabet, that have a specific meanings for the communication parties. In the context of business process modeling this alphabet is the set of defined elements of the considered notation. Shannon [12] enriched this interpretation using the probabilistic approach. Thus, content of an element of the alphabet depends on its probability of occurrence. In a set with n independent symbols the probability of occurrence of an element e, p(e), is 1/n. Shannon defined the content I e of an element e: I e = log 2 1/p(e) (1) The average content of a message is also called entropy H and is defined by Shannon [12] as: H = - n i=1 p i* log2p i (2) Being the most widespread and proven approach for quantification, this approach is mapped on the business process modeling context as a process model is used to transport. A message in the context of business process modeling is the business process model under analysis. The size of the model is defined here as the number N of elements present in the model for process description. Combining the equations (1) and (2) content of a business process model can be calculated according to the modeling alphabet, i.e. notation elements

3 used in the model, as well as to their frequency of occurrence. Thus, the content of a process model is defined in terms of occurrence of alphabet elements rather than under semantic aspects. V. RESEARCH DESIGN A. Experiment planning and execution To approach the research questions on content change as well as content in the different notations experimental design was developed focusing on process flow representation. A set of 30 process models that are modeled in the EPC-notation and were also converted in BPMN with the goal to preserve process, i.e. mapping the EPC representation to the BPMN model, was gathered from practice and research publications as well as industry projects in the area of business process management. These models originate in the context of model transformation due to standardization efforts of modeling notation or international collaboration between enterprises involving already modeled processes. The only requirement for the model analysis was that the process had to be already modeled in EPC and in BPMN accordingly, thus implying that the models were sufficiently similar in their content. EPC and BPMN as well as the transformation process have been exhaustively described by [14]. The author has also defined some general and semantic rules for the model transformation. Even though the process models were designed using a common notation, they can still diverse in their quality, i.e. concerning their structure, understandability, granularity or completeness. Thus, and because EPC is not a standardized notation, modeling requirements were established according to [14] for both notations. Following validation of the model as well as the number and frequency of elements used were elevated and al content of the model was calculated according to equation (2). These results were analyzed using methods of inferential statistics. Guiding assumption of the analysis was that the models were formally correct, therefore they have been beforehand evaluated for formal correctness according to specified modeling guidelines based on BPMN and EPC specifications as well as to the requirements mentioned above. Furthermore, the models were analyzed for content-related equivalence, i.e., the BPMN model had to include the aspects that were expressed in the EPC model. Following aspects were in the focus of analysis: A1: Change of content due to model transformation from the EPC- to BPM-Notation. A2: Use of the set of elements n to represent the business process in EPC and BPMN. A3: Information content per notation element, i.e. element of the alphabet. A4: Information content per modeled element in the process diagram. To assess these aspects the t-test as well as correlation analysis were used. Results of the statistical analysis are presented in the following sections. B. Assessing the Change To assess A1, al content was calculated for the EPC- as well as for corresponding BPMN- models according to the equation (2). The two groups were tested regarding significance of their content difference using the t-test with the level of significance of α = 5%. The results in table I (including standards deviation) show that BPMN models have slightly higher average content than the original EPC models. Nevertheless, this difference is not significant. A2 focuses on the size of the alphabet, i.e., number of defined notation elements n. Table 1 shows that the EPC alphabet is significantly smaller than the BPMN alphabet. On the other hand, the number of modeled elements N in an EPC-model N(EPC) is significantly (with α = 1%) higher than the number of modeled elements in the BPMN-model of the same process N(BPMN): N(EPC) >> N(BPMN). Furthermore, the question arises, whether the content per EPC-element of the alphabet is different from the one per a BPMN-element of the alphabet for the same process. The comparison results show that the content per element of the alphabet is significantly higher for the EPC alphabet comparing to the BPMN alphabet. A4 addresses the effect of the number of elements modeled in a process representation on the content per modeled element. Here the content per element present in a BPMN-model is significantly (with α = 1%) higher than the content per modeled element in the original EPC-model. Table I provides an overview of the abovementioned t-test results including the value of significance of the occurring differences. These results are further discussed in the following sections. EPC BPMN p content of a process model 2.16 (0.26) 2.21 (0.30) number 98.7 (74.14) (32.41) of modeled elements (avg. N) size of 5.87 (1.28) 7.67 (1.18) 1*10{}^{-5} alphabet (avg. n) *10^{-6} content per alphabet element content per element in the model

4 TABLE I. T-TEST RESULTS Additionally, relation of content to the number of modeled elements was explored for EPC and accordant BPMN models. Only the BPMN-models showed a negative correlation on the level of significance of α = 5% between the model entropy H(BPMN), i.e., its content, and the number of modeled elements for process representation N(BPMN). Information content of EPC-models does not show any accordant significant correlation. A negative correlation is also observed between the number of used EPC-alphabet elements n and the content per element used. Furthermore, a negative correlation on the level of significance of α = 1% between the sum of elements in the original EPCprocess model N(EPC) and content per modeled element in BPMN and EPC as well as content per element of alphabet in the BPMN model, is observed. As expected, the number of modeled elements of the BPMN- model N(BPMN) is strongly (on the level of significance of α = 1%) positively correlated with the number of modeled elements in the EPC- model N(EPC). A positive correlation on the level of α = 1% of the content per alphabetic element of the BPMN-model and per modeled element in the BPMN-model as well as content per EPC-modeled element and content per alphabetic element used in the BPMN model can be observed. On the level of significance of α = 5% a correlation between the content per alphabetic element of the EPC-model and content per modeled element in the BPMN-model is observed. Additionally, correlation between H = H(BPMN)- H(EPC) and the size of the alphabet n used in the EPC-model was explored. A positive correlation between the two quantities was stated on the level of significance of α =5%. C. Interpretation and Discussion Approaching the question of measuring change in transformed business process models resulted in two different outcome categories. First of all, significance of the impact of model transformation from EPC- to BPMN-notation has been measured. Relation between original notation alphabet and its impact on the notation alphabet that was used for transformation were explored. The quantitative approach to led to first insights on content transported by a notation element according to its occurrence probability. This approach is not limited to EPC- and BPMN process representation. Thus, it can be used to define al content (change) in other business process modeling notations. The effect of notation change has been examined using t- test. A1 addressed the loss of model transformation measured by the entropy metric. The entropy of BPMN models increased. This fact is interpreted by Gell-Mann [3] as loss. Hence, the transformation of the business process model in EPC to BPMN leads to significant loss. Nevertheless, this loss showed to be not significant in the presented experiment. A2 explored the range of the alphabet that was used to represent the process content. Analysis showed that EPC uses a significantly smaller alphabet than BPMN implying a more efficient alphabet for business process representation. On the other hand, BPMN has a higher range of elements, i.e., larger alphabet, than an extended EPC. This variety results in a less efficient alphabet. Nevertheless, further analysis of the number of elements used or present in the process model, i.e., its size, showed that an EPC-model contains a significantly higher number of elements than BPMN, suggesting that EPC modeling guidelines render the efficient alphabet less efficient. On the other hand, BPMN, having a less efficient alphabet, is supported by modeling guidelines that allow its efficient use. Correlation analysis was used here to explore the influence of the alphabet or model size of the original model on its content. Thus, large EPC-models lead not only to reduced content per modeled element in both notations, but also to the loss of content per alphabet element in the BPMNmodel. Furthermore, diversity in use of the EPC-alphabet results in loss of content per element modeled for process representation. Size of the BPMN- model influences significantly its amount of content H, while the size of the EPC-model does not have any significant impact on its entropy, suggesting that BPMNmodels are more sensitive to changes in the number of modeled elements supporting the abovementioned suggestion that BPMN has more efficient modeling guidelines. VI. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK In this paper an approach for measuring content of a business process model based on Shannon s theory was presented. This approach was used to analyze change in content for models that are transferred from EPC to BPMN notation. The study allows insights into the content, defined in terms of occurrence probability of alphabetical elements, of a business model as well as measuring the change in the content induced by transformation of this model into a different notation. This view focuses on the model structure disregarding its semantics or consistency aspects. This view is based on the current need of enterprises to address the transformation of their available EPC process models to the standardized BPMN language and the subsequent question whether this transformation impacts content of the model. Presented findings suggest that content difference from model transformation from EPC to BPMN is not significant, iff the transformation considers aspects modeled in the original process representation. Furthermore, EPC alphabet showed higher

5 content per elements than BPMN, whilst EPC provided less per modeled element, possibly due to its modeling guidelines. Diversity of used EPC-alphabet elements resulted also in decline of content per alphabet element used, thus reflecting the findings by [7]. The here presented simplified view on the calculation of the content of a business process model did not consider the different probabilities of an alphabet element. Thus, further insights on the element frequency distribution are required. To derive reliable probability distributions for EPC- and BPMN alphabet elements, further analysis of numerous models from the transformation context is required. Additionally, exploration of content change on a more abstract level, such as transformation between block- and graph-oriented modeling languages, will be preformed. [17] M. zur Muehlen and J. Recker. How much language is enough? Theoretical and practical use of the business process modeling notation. In 20th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, Montpellier, France, Springer. REFERENCES [1] A. Bajaj and S. Ram. Evaluating completeness of conceptual business process models: A metric based on case studies. Journal of Information Technology Cases and Applications, 1(4), [2] P. Chandler and J. Sweller. Cognitive load theory and the format of instruction. Cognition and Instruction, 8(4): , [3] M. Gell-Mann. The Quark and the Jaguar: Adventures in the Simple and the Complex. St. Martin s Griffin, [4] T. A. Halpin. Metaschemas for er, orm and uml data models: A comparison. Journal of Database Management, 13(2):20 30, [5] R. V. L. Hartley. Transmission of. Bell System Technical Journal, pages , [6] E. Marcos, J. Cervera, and L. Fernandez. Evaluation of data models: A complexity metric. In K. Siau, editor, International Workshop on Evaluation of Modeling Methods in Systems Analysis and Design, volume 4, Heidelberg, Germany, [7] J. Recker, M. zur Muehlen, K. Siau, J. Erickson, and M. Indulska. Measuring method complexity: Uml versus bpmn. In AMCIS 2009, [8] M. Rossi and S. Brinkkemper. Complexity metrics for systems development methods and techniques. Information Systems and Computers, 21(2): , [9] A.-W. Scheer. ARIS- Modeling Methods, Meta-models, Applications (in German). Springer, Berlin, [10] A.-W. Scheer. ARIS - Business Process Modeling. Springer, 3rd edition, [11] A.-W. Scheer and W. Jost. ARIS in Usage: Design, Implementation and Optimization of Business Processes (In German). Springer, Berlin, Heidlberg, [12] C. E. Shannon. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27(July-October): , , [13] K. Siau and M. Rossi. Evaluation techniques for systems analysis and design modelling methods - a review and comparative analysis. Information Systems Journal, 21(3): , [14] W. Tscheschner. Transformation from epc to bpmn. Business Process Technology, 1(3):7 21, [15] I. T. P. Vanderfeesten, H. A. Reijers, J. Mendling, W. M. P. van der Aalst, and J. Cardoso. On a quest for good process models: The crossconnectivity metric. In Z. Bellahsene and M. Léonard, editors, CAiSE 2008, pages , Montpellier, France, Springer. [16] R. Y. Wang, H. B. Kon, and S. E. Madnick. Data Quality Requirements Analysis and Modeling. MIT Press, 1993.

Ontologies vs. classification systems

Ontologies vs. classification systems Ontologies vs. classification systems Bodil Nistrup Madsen Copenhagen Business School Copenhagen, Denmark bnm.isv@cbs.dk Hanne Erdman Thomsen Copenhagen Business School Copenhagen, Denmark het.isv@cbs.dk

More information

A GENERIC SPLIT PROCESS MODEL FOR ASSET MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING

A GENERIC SPLIT PROCESS MODEL FOR ASSET MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING A GENERIC SPLIT PROCESS MODEL FOR ASSET MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING Yong Sun, a * Colin Fidge b and Lin Ma a a CRC for Integrated Engineering Asset Management, School of Engineering Systems, Queensland

More information

PROCESS USE CASES: USE CASES IDENTIFICATION

PROCESS USE CASES: USE CASES IDENTIFICATION International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, ICEIS 2007, Volume EIS June 12-16, 2007, Funchal, Portugal. PROCESS USE CASES: USE CASES IDENTIFICATION Pedro Valente, Paulo N. M. Sampaio Distributed

More information

Software Maintenance

Software Maintenance 1 What is Software Maintenance? Software Maintenance is a very broad activity that includes error corrections, enhancements of capabilities, deletion of obsolete capabilities, and optimization. 2 Categories

More information

On-Line Data Analytics

On-Line Data Analytics International Journal of Computer Applications in Engineering Sciences [VOL I, ISSUE III, SEPTEMBER 2011] [ISSN: 2231-4946] On-Line Data Analytics Yugandhar Vemulapalli #, Devarapalli Raghu *, Raja Jacob

More information

Conceptual Framework: Presentation

Conceptual Framework: Presentation Meeting: Meeting Location: International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board New York, USA Meeting Date: December 3 6, 2012 Agenda Item 2B For: Approval Discussion Information Objective(s) of Agenda

More information

Grade 6: Correlated to AGS Basic Math Skills

Grade 6: Correlated to AGS Basic Math Skills Grade 6: Correlated to AGS Basic Math Skills Grade 6: Standard 1 Number Sense Students compare and order positive and negative integers, decimals, fractions, and mixed numbers. They find multiples and

More information

Two heads can be better than one

Two heads can be better than one MODULE 21 MODULE GUIDE 21.1 Two heads can be better than one Why is an understanding of teams so important? What are the foundations of successful teamwork? Formal and informal groups are building blocks

More information

BENCHMARK TREND COMPARISON REPORT:

BENCHMARK TREND COMPARISON REPORT: National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) BENCHMARK TREND COMPARISON REPORT: CARNEGIE PEER INSTITUTIONS, 2003-2011 PREPARED BY: ANGEL A. SANCHEZ, DIRECTOR KELLI PAYNE, ADMINISTRATIVE ANALYST/ SPECIALIST

More information

A Case Study: News Classification Based on Term Frequency

A Case Study: News Classification Based on Term Frequency A Case Study: News Classification Based on Term Frequency Petr Kroha Faculty of Computer Science University of Technology 09107 Chemnitz Germany kroha@informatik.tu-chemnitz.de Ricardo Baeza-Yates Center

More information

Math-U-See Correlation with the Common Core State Standards for Mathematical Content for Third Grade

Math-U-See Correlation with the Common Core State Standards for Mathematical Content for Third Grade Math-U-See Correlation with the Common Core State Standards for Mathematical Content for Third Grade The third grade standards primarily address multiplication and division, which are covered in Math-U-See

More information

Entrepreneurial Discovery and the Demmert/Klein Experiment: Additional Evidence from Germany

Entrepreneurial Discovery and the Demmert/Klein Experiment: Additional Evidence from Germany Entrepreneurial Discovery and the Demmert/Klein Experiment: Additional Evidence from Germany Jana Kitzmann and Dirk Schiereck, Endowed Chair for Banking and Finance, EUROPEAN BUSINESS SCHOOL, International

More information

This is the author s version of a work that was submitted/accepted for publication in the following source:

This is the author s version of a work that was submitted/accepted for publication in the following source: This is the author s version of a work that was submitted/accepted for publication in the following source: Nolte, Alexander, Brown, Ross A., Poppe, Erik, & Anslow, Craig (2015) Towards collaborative modeling

More information

10.2. Behavior models

10.2. Behavior models User behavior research 10.2. Behavior models Overview Why do users seek information? How do they seek information? How do they search for information? How do they use libraries? These questions are addressed

More information

Notes on The Sciences of the Artificial Adapted from a shorter document written for course (Deciding What to Design) 1

Notes on The Sciences of the Artificial Adapted from a shorter document written for course (Deciding What to Design) 1 Notes on The Sciences of the Artificial Adapted from a shorter document written for course 17-652 (Deciding What to Design) 1 Ali Almossawi December 29, 2005 1 Introduction The Sciences of the Artificial

More information

Summary results (year 1-3)

Summary results (year 1-3) Summary results (year 1-3) Evaluation and accountability are key issues in ensuring quality provision for all (Eurydice, 2004). In Europe, the dominant arrangement for educational accountability is school

More information

School Inspection in Hesse/Germany

School Inspection in Hesse/Germany Hessisches Kultusministerium School Inspection in Hesse/Germany Contents 1. Introduction...2 2. School inspection as a Procedure for Quality Assurance and Quality Enhancement...2 3. The Hessian framework

More information

AGS THE GREAT REVIEW GAME FOR PRE-ALGEBRA (CD) CORRELATED TO CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS

AGS THE GREAT REVIEW GAME FOR PRE-ALGEBRA (CD) CORRELATED TO CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS AGS THE GREAT REVIEW GAME FOR PRE-ALGEBRA (CD) CORRELATED TO CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS 1 CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS: Chapter 1 ALGEBRA AND WHOLE NUMBERS Algebra and Functions 1.4 Students use algebraic

More information

What s in a Step? Toward General, Abstract Representations of Tutoring System Log Data

What s in a Step? Toward General, Abstract Representations of Tutoring System Log Data What s in a Step? Toward General, Abstract Representations of Tutoring System Log Data Kurt VanLehn 1, Kenneth R. Koedinger 2, Alida Skogsholm 2, Adaeze Nwaigwe 2, Robert G.M. Hausmann 1, Anders Weinstein

More information

arxiv: v1 [cs.hc] 21 Nov 2012

arxiv: v1 [cs.hc] 21 Nov 2012 arxiv:1211.4986v1 [cs.hc] 21 Nov 2012 Human-Centric Process-Aware Information Systems (HC-PAIS) Sonja Kabicher-Fuchs 1, Stefanie Rinderle-Ma 1, Jan Recker 2, Marta Indulska 3, Francois Charoy 4, Rob Christiaanse

More information

POLA: a student modeling framework for Probabilistic On-Line Assessment of problem solving performance

POLA: a student modeling framework for Probabilistic On-Line Assessment of problem solving performance POLA: a student modeling framework for Probabilistic On-Line Assessment of problem solving performance Cristina Conati, Kurt VanLehn Intelligent Systems Program University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA,

More information

Analyzing the Usage of IT in SMEs

Analyzing the Usage of IT in SMEs IBIMA Publishing Communications of the IBIMA http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/cibima/cibima.html Vol. 2010 (2010), Article ID 208609, 10 pages DOI: 10.5171/2010.208609 Analyzing the Usage of IT

More information

Update on Standards and Educator Evaluation

Update on Standards and Educator Evaluation Update on Standards and Educator Evaluation Briana Timmerman, Ph.D. Director Office of Instructional Practices and Evaluations Instructional Leaders Roundtable October 15, 2014 Instructional Practices

More information

Math 96: Intermediate Algebra in Context

Math 96: Intermediate Algebra in Context : Intermediate Algebra in Context Syllabus Spring Quarter 2016 Daily, 9:20 10:30am Instructor: Lauri Lindberg Office Hours@ tutoring: Tutoring Center (CAS-504) 8 9am & 1 2pm daily STEM (Math) Center (RAI-338)

More information

Algebra 1, Quarter 3, Unit 3.1. Line of Best Fit. Overview

Algebra 1, Quarter 3, Unit 3.1. Line of Best Fit. Overview Algebra 1, Quarter 3, Unit 3.1 Line of Best Fit Overview Number of instructional days 6 (1 day assessment) (1 day = 45 minutes) Content to be learned Analyze scatter plots and construct the line of best

More information

A cognitive perspective on pair programming

A cognitive perspective on pair programming Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) AMCIS 2006 Proceedings Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) December 2006 A cognitive perspective on pair programming Radhika

More information

Including the Microsoft Solution Framework as an agile method into the V-Modell XT

Including the Microsoft Solution Framework as an agile method into the V-Modell XT Including the Microsoft Solution Framework as an agile method into the V-Modell XT Marco Kuhrmann 1 and Thomas Ternité 2 1 Technische Universität München, Boltzmann-Str. 3, 85748 Garching, Germany kuhrmann@in.tum.de

More information

EOSC Governance Development Forum 4 May 2017 Per Öster

EOSC Governance Development Forum 4 May 2017 Per Öster EOSC Governance Development Forum 4 May 2017 Per Öster per.oster@csc.fi Governance Development Forum Enable stakeholders to contribute to the governance development A platform for information, dialogue,

More information

Motivation to e-learn within organizational settings: What is it and how could it be measured?

Motivation to e-learn within organizational settings: What is it and how could it be measured? Motivation to e-learn within organizational settings: What is it and how could it be measured? Maria Alexandra Rentroia-Bonito and Joaquim Armando Pires Jorge Departamento de Engenharia Informática Instituto

More information

VOL. 3, NO. 5, May 2012 ISSN Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences CIS Journal. All rights reserved.

VOL. 3, NO. 5, May 2012 ISSN Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences CIS Journal. All rights reserved. Exploratory Study on Factors that Impact / Influence Success and failure of Students in the Foundation Computer Studies Course at the National University of Samoa 1 2 Elisapeta Mauai, Edna Temese 1 Computing

More information

School Size and the Quality of Teaching and Learning

School Size and the Quality of Teaching and Learning School Size and the Quality of Teaching and Learning An Analysis of Relationships between School Size and Assessments of Factors Related to the Quality of Teaching and Learning in Primary Schools Undertaken

More information

Metadiscourse in Knowledge Building: A question about written or verbal metadiscourse

Metadiscourse in Knowledge Building: A question about written or verbal metadiscourse Metadiscourse in Knowledge Building: A question about written or verbal metadiscourse Rolf K. Baltzersen Paper submitted to the Knowledge Building Summer Institute 2013 in Puebla, Mexico Author: Rolf K.

More information

Informatics 2A: Language Complexity and the. Inf2A: Chomsky Hierarchy

Informatics 2A: Language Complexity and the. Inf2A: Chomsky Hierarchy Informatics 2A: Language Complexity and the Chomsky Hierarchy September 28, 2010 Starter 1 Is there a finite state machine that recognises all those strings s from the alphabet {a, b} where the difference

More information

From understanding perspectives to informing public policy the potential and challenges for Q findings to inform survey design

From understanding perspectives to informing public policy the potential and challenges for Q findings to inform survey design Rachel Baker From understanding perspectives to informing public policy the potential and challenges for Q findings to inform survey design Organised session: Neil McHugh, Job van Exel Session outline

More information

The Role of Architecture in a Scaled Agile Organization - A Case Study in the Insurance Industry

The Role of Architecture in a Scaled Agile Organization - A Case Study in the Insurance Industry Master s Thesis for the Attainment of the Degree Master of Science at the TUM School of Management of the Technische Universität München The Role of Architecture in a Scaled Agile Organization - A Case

More information

Evidence for Reliability, Validity and Learning Effectiveness

Evidence for Reliability, Validity and Learning Effectiveness PEARSON EDUCATION Evidence for Reliability, Validity and Learning Effectiveness Introduction Pearson Knowledge Technologies has conducted a large number and wide variety of reliability and validity studies

More information

Statewide Framework Document for:

Statewide Framework Document for: Statewide Framework Document for: 270301 Standards may be added to this document prior to submission, but may not be removed from the framework to meet state credit equivalency requirements. Performance

More information

TIMSS ADVANCED 2015 USER GUIDE FOR THE INTERNATIONAL DATABASE. Pierre Foy

TIMSS ADVANCED 2015 USER GUIDE FOR THE INTERNATIONAL DATABASE. Pierre Foy TIMSS ADVANCED 2015 USER GUIDE FOR THE INTERNATIONAL DATABASE Pierre Foy TIMSS Advanced 2015 orks User Guide for the International Database Pierre Foy Contributors: Victoria A.S. Centurino, Kerry E. Cotter,

More information

The Strong Minimalist Thesis and Bounded Optimality

The Strong Minimalist Thesis and Bounded Optimality The Strong Minimalist Thesis and Bounded Optimality DRAFT-IN-PROGRESS; SEND COMMENTS TO RICKL@UMICH.EDU Richard L. Lewis Department of Psychology University of Michigan 27 March 2010 1 Purpose of this

More information

Nearing Completion of Prototype 1: Discovery

Nearing Completion of Prototype 1: Discovery The Fit-Gap Report The Fit-Gap Report documents how where the PeopleSoft software fits our needs and where LACCD needs to change functionality or business processes to reach the desired outcome. The report

More information

Geo Risk Scan Getting grips on geotechnical risks

Geo Risk Scan Getting grips on geotechnical risks Geo Risk Scan Getting grips on geotechnical risks T.J. Bles & M.Th. van Staveren Deltares, Delft, the Netherlands P.P.T. Litjens & P.M.C.B.M. Cools Rijkswaterstaat Competence Center for Infrastructure,

More information

University of Groningen. Systemen, planning, netwerken Bosman, Aart

University of Groningen. Systemen, planning, netwerken Bosman, Aart University of Groningen Systemen, planning, netwerken Bosman, Aart IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document

More information

Preprint.

Preprint. http://www.diva-portal.org Preprint This is the submitted version of a paper presented at Privacy in Statistical Databases'2006 (PSD'2006), Rome, Italy, 13-15 December, 2006. Citation for the original

More information

4.0 CAPACITY AND UTILIZATION

4.0 CAPACITY AND UTILIZATION 4.0 CAPACITY AND UTILIZATION The capacity of a school building is driven by four main factors: (1) the physical size of the instructional spaces, (2) the class size limits, (3) the schedule of uses, and

More information

Modeling user preferences and norms in context-aware systems

Modeling user preferences and norms in context-aware systems Modeling user preferences and norms in context-aware systems Jonas Nilsson, Cecilia Lindmark Jonas Nilsson, Cecilia Lindmark VT 2016 Bachelor's thesis for Computer Science, 15 hp Supervisor: Juan Carlos

More information

A Pilot Study on Pearson s Interactive Science 2011 Program

A Pilot Study on Pearson s Interactive Science 2011 Program Final Report A Pilot Study on Pearson s Interactive Science 2011 Program Prepared by: Danielle DuBose, Research Associate Miriam Resendez, Senior Researcher Dr. Mariam Azin, President Submitted on August

More information

Historical maintenance relevant information roadmap for a self-learning maintenance prediction procedural approach

Historical maintenance relevant information roadmap for a self-learning maintenance prediction procedural approach IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Historical maintenance relevant information roadmap for a self-learning maintenance prediction procedural approach To cite this

More information

EDITORIAL: ICT SUPPORT FOR KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION

EDITORIAL: ICT SUPPORT FOR KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION EDITORIAL: SUPPORT FOR KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION Abdul Samad (Sami) Kazi, Senior Research Scientist, VTT - Technical Research Centre of Finland Sami.Kazi@vtt.fi http://www.vtt.fi Matti Hannus,

More information

First Grade Standards

First Grade Standards These are the standards for what is taught throughout the year in First Grade. It is the expectation that these skills will be reinforced after they have been taught. Mathematical Practice Standards Taught

More information

Multi-Lingual Text Leveling

Multi-Lingual Text Leveling Multi-Lingual Text Leveling Salim Roukos, Jerome Quin, and Todd Ward IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 {roukos,jlquinn,tward}@us.ibm.com Abstract. Determining the language proficiency

More information

Physics 270: Experimental Physics

Physics 270: Experimental Physics 2017 edition Lab Manual Physics 270 3 Physics 270: Experimental Physics Lecture: Lab: Instructor: Office: Email: Tuesdays, 2 3:50 PM Thursdays, 2 4:50 PM Dr. Uttam Manna 313C Moulton Hall umanna@ilstu.edu

More information

Extending Place Value with Whole Numbers to 1,000,000

Extending Place Value with Whole Numbers to 1,000,000 Grade 4 Mathematics, Quarter 1, Unit 1.1 Extending Place Value with Whole Numbers to 1,000,000 Overview Number of Instructional Days: 10 (1 day = 45 minutes) Content to Be Learned Recognize that a digit

More information

Deploying Agile Practices in Organizations: A Case Study

Deploying Agile Practices in Organizations: A Case Study Copyright: EuroSPI 2005, Will be presented at 9-11 November, Budapest, Hungary Deploying Agile Practices in Organizations: A Case Study Minna Pikkarainen 1, Outi Salo 1, and Jari Still 2 1 VTT Technical

More information

Mathematics subject curriculum

Mathematics subject curriculum Mathematics subject curriculum Dette er ei omsetjing av den fastsette læreplanteksten. Læreplanen er fastsett på Nynorsk Established as a Regulation by the Ministry of Education and Research on 24 June

More information

1. Introduction. 2. The OMBI database editor

1. Introduction. 2. The OMBI database editor OMBI bilingual lexical resources: Arabic-Dutch / Dutch-Arabic Carole Tiberius, Anna Aalstein, Instituut voor Nederlandse Lexicologie Jan Hoogland, Nederlands Instituut in Marokko (NIMAR) In this paper

More information

Strategic Practice: Career Practitioner Case Study

Strategic Practice: Career Practitioner Case Study Strategic Practice: Career Practitioner Case Study heidi Lund 1 Interpersonal conflict has one of the most negative impacts on today s workplaces. It reduces productivity, increases gossip, and I believe

More information

PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS DEVELOPMENT STUDENTS PERCEPTION ON THEIR LEARNING

PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS DEVELOPMENT STUDENTS PERCEPTION ON THEIR LEARNING PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS DEVELOPMENT STUDENTS PERCEPTION ON THEIR LEARNING Mirka Kans Department of Mechanical Engineering, Linnaeus University, Sweden ABSTRACT In this paper we investigate

More information

Shared Mental Models

Shared Mental Models Shared Mental Models A Conceptual Analysis Catholijn M. Jonker 1, M. Birna van Riemsdijk 1, and Bas Vermeulen 2 1 EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands {m.b.vanriemsdijk,c.m.jonker}@tudelft.nl

More information

Northern Kentucky University Department of Accounting, Finance and Business Law Financial Statement Analysis ACC 308

Northern Kentucky University Department of Accounting, Finance and Business Law Financial Statement Analysis ACC 308 Northern Kentucky University Department of Accounting, Finance and Business Law Financial Statement Analysis ACC 308 SEMESTER: Fall 2014 INSTRUCTOR: Dr. J.C. Thompson, e-mail duke@qx.net OFFICE HOURS:

More information

Statistics and Data Analytics Minor

Statistics and Data Analytics Minor October 28, 2014 Page 1 of 6 PROGRAM IDENTIFICATION NAME OF THE MINOR Statistics and Data Analytics ACADEMIC PROGRAM PROPOSING THE MINOR Mathematics PROGRAM DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION OF THE MINOR AND STUDENT

More information

Probability and Statistics Curriculum Pacing Guide

Probability and Statistics Curriculum Pacing Guide Unit 1 Terms PS.SPMJ.3 PS.SPMJ.5 Plan and conduct a survey to answer a statistical question. Recognize how the plan addresses sampling technique, randomization, measurement of experimental error and methods

More information

The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme at Carey

The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme at Carey The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme at Carey Contents ONNECT What is the IB? 2 How is the IB course structured? 3 The IB Learner Profile 4-5 What subjects does Carey offer? 6 The IB Diploma

More information

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS, CONTRIBUTIONS, AND FUTURE RESEARCH

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS, CONTRIBUTIONS, AND FUTURE RESEARCH CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS, CONTRIBUTIONS, AND FUTURE RESEARCH Employees resistance can be a significant deterrent to effective organizational change and it s important to consider the individual when bringing

More information

Rule-based Expert Systems

Rule-based Expert Systems Rule-based Expert Systems What is knowledge? is a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject or a domain. is also the sim of what is currently known, and apparently knowledge is power. Those who

More information

Unit 7 Data analysis and design

Unit 7 Data analysis and design 2016 Suite Cambridge TECHNICALS LEVEL 3 IT Unit 7 Data analysis and design A/507/5007 Guided learning hours: 60 Version 2 - revised May 2016 *changes indicated by black vertical line ocr.org.uk/it LEVEL

More information

Increasing the Learning Potential from Events: Case studies

Increasing the Learning Potential from Events: Case studies 433 A publication of VOL. 31, 2013 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS Guest Editors: Eddy De Rademaeker, Bruno Fabiano, Simberto Senni Buratti Copyright 2013, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-22-8;

More information

The My Class Activities Instrument as Used in Saturday Enrichment Program Evaluation

The My Class Activities Instrument as Used in Saturday Enrichment Program Evaluation Running Head: MY CLASS ACTIVITIES My Class Activities 1 The My Class Activities Instrument as Used in Saturday Enrichment Program Evaluation Nielsen Pereira Purdue University Scott J. Peters University

More information

Degree Qualification Profiles Intellectual Skills

Degree Qualification Profiles Intellectual Skills Degree Qualification Profiles Intellectual Skills Intellectual Skills: These are cross-cutting skills that should transcend disciplinary boundaries. Students need all of these Intellectual Skills to acquire

More information

Using The Extended Model ADDIE In Companies Internal Training

Using The Extended Model ADDIE In Companies Internal Training Quest Journals Journal of Research in Business and Management Volume 4 ~ Issue 1 (2016) pp: 07-13 ISSN(Online) : 2347-3002 www.questjournals.org Research Paper Using The Extended Model ADDIE In Companies

More information

Rule discovery in Web-based educational systems using Grammar-Based Genetic Programming

Rule discovery in Web-based educational systems using Grammar-Based Genetic Programming Data Mining VI 205 Rule discovery in Web-based educational systems using Grammar-Based Genetic Programming C. Romero, S. Ventura, C. Hervás & P. González Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de

More information

Alignment of Australian Curriculum Year Levels to the Scope and Sequence of Math-U-See Program

Alignment of Australian Curriculum Year Levels to the Scope and Sequence of Math-U-See Program Alignment of s to the Scope and Sequence of Math-U-See Program This table provides guidance to educators when aligning levels/resources to the Australian Curriculum (AC). The Math-U-See levels do not address

More information

FROM QUASI-VARIABLE THINKING TO ALGEBRAIC THINKING: A STUDY WITH GRADE 4 STUDENTS 1

FROM QUASI-VARIABLE THINKING TO ALGEBRAIC THINKING: A STUDY WITH GRADE 4 STUDENTS 1 FROM QUASI-VARIABLE THINKING TO ALGEBRAIC THINKING: A STUDY WITH GRADE 4 STUDENTS 1 Célia Mestre Unidade de Investigação do Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal celiamestre@hotmail.com

More information

1 3-5 = Subtraction - a binary operation

1 3-5 = Subtraction - a binary operation High School StuDEnts ConcEPtions of the Minus Sign Lisa L. Lamb, Jessica Pierson Bishop, and Randolph A. Philipp, Bonnie P Schappelle, Ian Whitacre, and Mindy Lewis - describe their research with students

More information

HIGHLIGHTS OF FINDINGS FROM MAJOR INTERNATIONAL STUDY ON PEDAGOGY AND ICT USE IN SCHOOLS

HIGHLIGHTS OF FINDINGS FROM MAJOR INTERNATIONAL STUDY ON PEDAGOGY AND ICT USE IN SCHOOLS HIGHLIGHTS OF FINDINGS FROM MAJOR INTERNATIONAL STUDY ON PEDAGOGY AND ICT USE IN SCHOOLS Hans Wagemaker Executive Director, IEA Nancy Law Director, CITE, University of Hong Kong SITES 2006 International

More information

Objectives. Chapter 2: The Representation of Knowledge. Expert Systems: Principles and Programming, Fourth Edition

Objectives. Chapter 2: The Representation of Knowledge. Expert Systems: Principles and Programming, Fourth Edition Chapter 2: The Representation of Knowledge Expert Systems: Principles and Programming, Fourth Edition Objectives Introduce the study of logic Learn the difference between formal logic and informal logic

More information

Application of Virtual Instruments (VIs) for an enhanced learning environment

Application of Virtual Instruments (VIs) for an enhanced learning environment Application of Virtual Instruments (VIs) for an enhanced learning environment Philip Smyth, Dermot Brabazon, Eilish McLoughlin Schools of Mechanical and Physical Sciences Dublin City University Ireland

More information

Common Core State Standards

Common Core State Standards Common Core State Standards Common Core State Standards 7.NS.3 Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. Mathematical Practices 1, 3, and 4 are aspects

More information

Lecture 1: Machine Learning Basics

Lecture 1: Machine Learning Basics 1/69 Lecture 1: Machine Learning Basics Ali Harakeh University of Waterloo WAVE Lab ali.harakeh@uwaterloo.ca May 1, 2017 2/69 Overview 1 Learning Algorithms 2 Capacity, Overfitting, and Underfitting 3

More information

IS USE OF OPTIONAL ATTRIBUTES AND ASSOCIATIONS IN CONCEPTUAL MODELING ALWAYS PROBLEMATIC? THEORY AND EMPIRICAL TESTS

IS USE OF OPTIONAL ATTRIBUTES AND ASSOCIATIONS IN CONCEPTUAL MODELING ALWAYS PROBLEMATIC? THEORY AND EMPIRICAL TESTS IS USE OF OPTIONAL ATTRIBUTES AND ASSOCIATIONS IN CONCEPTUAL MODELING ALWAYS PROBLEMATIC? THEORY AND EMPIRICAL TESTS Completed Research Paper Andrew Burton-Jones UQ Business School The University of Queensland

More information

The Effect of Written Corrective Feedback on the Accuracy of English Article Usage in L2 Writing

The Effect of Written Corrective Feedback on the Accuracy of English Article Usage in L2 Writing Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research Volume 3, Issue 1, 2016, pp. 110-120 Available online at www.jallr.com ISSN: 2376-760X The Effect of Written Corrective Feedback on the Accuracy of

More information

Use of CIM in AEP Enterprise Architecture. Randy Lowe Director, Enterprise Architecture October 24, 2012

Use of CIM in AEP Enterprise Architecture. Randy Lowe Director, Enterprise Architecture October 24, 2012 Use of CIM in AEP Enterprise Architecture Randy Lowe Director, Enterprise Architecture October 24, 2012 Introduction AEP Stats and Enterprise Overview AEP Project Description and Goals CIM Adoption CIM

More information

IBM Software Group. Mastering Requirements Management with Use Cases Module 6: Define the System

IBM Software Group. Mastering Requirements Management with Use Cases Module 6: Define the System IBM Software Group Mastering Requirements Management with Use Cases Module 6: Define the System 1 Objectives Define a product feature. Refine the Vision document. Write product position statement. Identify

More information

Maximizing Learning Through Course Alignment and Experience with Different Types of Knowledge

Maximizing Learning Through Course Alignment and Experience with Different Types of Knowledge Innov High Educ (2009) 34:93 103 DOI 10.1007/s10755-009-9095-2 Maximizing Learning Through Course Alignment and Experience with Different Types of Knowledge Phyllis Blumberg Published online: 3 February

More information

Introduce yourself. Change the name out and put your information here.

Introduce yourself. Change the name out and put your information here. Introduce yourself. Change the name out and put your information here. 1 History: CPM is a non-profit organization that has developed mathematics curriculum and provided its teachers with professional

More information

Certified Six Sigma Professionals International Certification Courses in Six Sigma Green Belt

Certified Six Sigma Professionals International Certification Courses in Six Sigma Green Belt Certification Singapore Institute Certified Six Sigma Professionals Certification Courses in Six Sigma Green Belt ly Licensed Course for Process Improvement/ Assurance Managers and Engineers Leading the

More information

Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District. B or better in Algebra I, or consent of instructor

Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District. B or better in Algebra I, or consent of instructor Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District DRAFT Course Title: AP Macroeconomics Grade Level(s) 11-12 Length of Course: Credit: Prerequisite: One semester or equivalent term 5 units B or better in

More information

Learning Structural Correspondences Across Different Linguistic Domains with Synchronous Neural Language Models

Learning Structural Correspondences Across Different Linguistic Domains with Synchronous Neural Language Models Learning Structural Correspondences Across Different Linguistic Domains with Synchronous Neural Language Models Stephan Gouws and GJ van Rooyen MIH Medialab, Stellenbosch University SOUTH AFRICA {stephan,gvrooyen}@ml.sun.ac.za

More information

Ontological spine, localization and multilingual access

Ontological spine, localization and multilingual access Start Ontological spine, localization and multilingual access Some reflections and a proposal New Perspectives on Subject Indexing and Classification in an International Context International Symposium

More information

Success Factors for Creativity Workshops in RE

Success Factors for Creativity Workshops in RE Success Factors for Creativity s in RE Sebastian Adam, Marcus Trapp Fraunhofer IESE Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany {sebastian.adam, marcus.trapp}@iese.fraunhofer.de Abstract. In today

More information

Intra-talker Variation: Audience Design Factors Affecting Lexical Selections

Intra-talker Variation: Audience Design Factors Affecting Lexical Selections Tyler Perrachione LING 451-0 Proseminar in Sound Structure Prof. A. Bradlow 17 March 2006 Intra-talker Variation: Audience Design Factors Affecting Lexical Selections Abstract Although the acoustic and

More information

Automating the E-learning Personalization

Automating the E-learning Personalization Automating the E-learning Personalization Fathi Essalmi 1, Leila Jemni Ben Ayed 1, Mohamed Jemni 1, Kinshuk 2, and Sabine Graf 2 1 The Research Laboratory of Technologies of Information and Communication

More information

Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge of a Mathematics Problem: Their Measurement and Their Causal Interrelations

Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge of a Mathematics Problem: Their Measurement and Their Causal Interrelations Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge of a Mathematics Problem: Their Measurement and Their Causal Interrelations Michael Schneider (mschneider@mpib-berlin.mpg.de) Elsbeth Stern (stern@mpib-berlin.mpg.de)

More information

Core Strategy #1: Prepare professionals for a technology-based, multicultural, complex world

Core Strategy #1: Prepare professionals for a technology-based, multicultural, complex world Wright State University College of Education and Human Services Strategic Plan, 2008-2013 The College of Education and Human Services (CEHS) worked with a 25-member cross representative committee of faculty

More information

Given a directed graph G =(N A), where N is a set of m nodes and A. destination node, implying a direction for ow to follow. Arcs have limitations

Given a directed graph G =(N A), where N is a set of m nodes and A. destination node, implying a direction for ow to follow. Arcs have limitations 4 Interior point algorithms for network ow problems Mauricio G.C. Resende AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974-2070 USA Panos M. Pardalos The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6595

More information

Visual CP Representation of Knowledge

Visual CP Representation of Knowledge Visual CP Representation of Knowledge Heather D. Pfeiffer and Roger T. Hartley Department of Computer Science New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, USA email: hdp@cs.nmsu.edu and rth@cs.nmsu.edu

More information

THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR MODEL IN ELECTRONIC LEARNING: A PILOT STUDY

THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR MODEL IN ELECTRONIC LEARNING: A PILOT STUDY THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR MODEL IN ELECTRONIC LEARNING: A PILOT STUDY William Barnett, University of Louisiana Monroe, barnett@ulm.edu Adrien Presley, Truman State University, apresley@truman.edu ABSTRACT

More information

Firms and Markets Saturdays Summer I 2014

Firms and Markets Saturdays Summer I 2014 PRELIMINARY DRAFT VERSION. SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Firms and Markets Saturdays Summer I 2014 Professor Thomas Pugel Office: Room 11-53 KMC E-mail: tpugel@stern.nyu.edu Tel: 212-998-0918 Fax: 212-995-4212 This

More information

Three Strategies for Open Source Deployment: Substitution, Innovation, and Knowledge Reuse

Three Strategies for Open Source Deployment: Substitution, Innovation, and Knowledge Reuse Three Strategies for Open Source Deployment: Substitution, Innovation, and Knowledge Reuse Jonathan P. Allen 1 1 University of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton St., CA 94117, USA, jpallen@usfca.edu Abstract.

More information

Document number: 2013/ Programs Committee 6/2014 (July) Agenda Item 42.0 Bachelor of Engineering with Honours in Software Engineering

Document number: 2013/ Programs Committee 6/2014 (July) Agenda Item 42.0 Bachelor of Engineering with Honours in Software Engineering Document number: 2013/0006139 Programs Committee 6/2014 (July) Agenda Item 42.0 Bachelor of Engineering with Honours in Software Engineering Program Learning Outcomes Threshold Learning Outcomes for Engineering

More information

have to be modeled) or isolated words. Output of the system is a grapheme-tophoneme conversion system which takes as its input the spelling of words,

have to be modeled) or isolated words. Output of the system is a grapheme-tophoneme conversion system which takes as its input the spelling of words, A Language-Independent, Data-Oriented Architecture for Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion Walter Daelemans and Antal van den Bosch Proceedings ESCA-IEEE speech synthesis conference, New York, September 1994

More information