AP Biology Summer Assignment

Transcription

1 Big Idea 1.A AP Biology Summer Assignment Assignment Instructions All components of this assignment (Part I, Part II, Part III, Part IV, Part V, and Part VI) should be completed on collegeruled notebook paper and placed into a 3-prong portfolio folder when submitted for grading. NOTE: Parts II and III may be completed on the printed pages provided to each student and placed in portfolio when completed students DO NOT need to copy this information onto notebook paper. Each numbered component within a section should have a dedicated page, should be well supported or described, and diagrams or graphs should accompany discussion when appropriate. When used, diagrams, models, representations and graphs should be in color, labeled, and clearly explained or supported. YOU MAY NOT PLAGAIRZE ANY PART OF THIS ASSIGNMENT all student responses should be constructed in your own words DO NOT COPY directly from any source, including the textbook or my PPT presentations! All work submitted must be original! You will be tested over Big Idea 1.A upon your return from Summer Break, on Friday, August 8 th. Test questions will reflect your thorough understanding of the material covered in all parts of this packet. Assessment will assume deep content knowledge and ability to apply and synthesize, so prepare accordingly as little (if any) class time will be dedicated to this material at the beginning of the school year. Items should be completed throughout the summer break in the following order: Week #1 (May 26 th May 30 th ) Bozeman Video Reflections Science Practices Week #2 (June 2 nd June 6 th ) Bozeman Video Reflections Big Idea I: Evolution (#001, 002, 003, and 004) Week #3 (June 9 th June 13 th ) Reading Summaries Read AP Test Prep Booklet Ch. 22 & Ch. 23 (or refer to PPT 1.A) / Complete Textbook Reading Content Focus Questions Week #4 (June 16 th June 20 th ) Review Ch. 22 & Ch. 23 Content Content Focus Questions Week #5 (June 23 rd June 27 th ) Virtual Lab - Population Genetics Complete Lab Packet Week #6 (June 30 th July 4 th ) Essential Knowledge Questions / Demonstrate Deep Understanding Using Illustrative Examples Practice Application of Content Week #7 (July 7 th July 11 th ) Essay Practice Practice Synthesis of Content Week #8 (July 14 th July 18 th ) Review Material / Prepare for Test Week #9 (July 21 st July 25 th ) Review Material / Prepare for Test Week #10 (July 28 th Aug 1 st ) Review Material / Prepare for Test Items should be placed into your 3-prong portfolio folder in the following order: Part I: Bozeman Video Reflections-AP Biology Practices (dedicated page for each video reflection) Part II: Bozeman Video Reflections-Big Idea I.A (dedicated page for each video reflection) Part III: Textbook Reading & Content Focus Questions Ch. 22 & 23 (printed packet answers written in packet) Part IV: Virtual Lab-Population Genetics (printed lab answers written on lab) Part V: Demonstration of Understanding Using Illustrative Examples (dedicated page for each numbered component under Essential Knowledge ) Part VI: Essay Practice (dedicated page for each essay) Carnes

2 Part I: Bozeman Video Review on AP Biology Practices A practice is a way to coordinate knowledge and skills in order to accomplish a goal or task. The AP Biology science practices enable you to establish lines of evidence and use them to develop and refine testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena. Because content, inquiry, and reasoning are equally important in AP Biology, each learning objective combines content with inquiry and reasoning skills described in the science practices. The science practices capture important aspects of the work that scientists engage in, at the level of competence expected of you, an AP Biology student. To review the AP Biology science practices, log onto Scroll down to AP Biology Practices. Complete the video review activities listed below for the seven AP Biology practices. REMEMBER, EACH NUMBERED COMPONENT SHOULD HAVE A DEDICATED PAGE (that is, summarize each video on a separate piece of paper): 1. Watch Bozeman Video #1: Models & Representations summarize key concepts and related illustrative 2. Watch Bozeman Video #2: Using Mathematics summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples in 3. Watch Bozeman Video #3: Scientific Questioning summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples in 4. Watch Bozeman Video #4: Data Collection Strategies summarize key concepts and related illustrative 5. Watch Bozeman Video #5: Analysis & Evaluation of Evidence summarize key concepts and related illustrative 6. Watch Bozeman Video #6: Scientific Explanations & Theories summarize key concepts and related illustrative 7. Watch Bozeman Video #7: Scales, Concepts & Representations summarize key concepts and related illustrative Part II: Bozeman Video Review on Big Idea I - Evolution To review the content included in Big Idea 1.A, log onto Scroll down to Big Idea I: Evolution. Complete the video review activities listed below for the first four videos under Big Idea I. REMEMBER, EACH NUMBERED COMPONENT SHOULD HAVE A DEDICATED PAGE (that is, summarize each video on a separate piece of paper): 1. Watch Bozeman Video #001: Natural Selection summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples in 2. Watch Bozeman Video #002: Examples of Natural Selection summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples. In 3. Watch Bozeman Video #003: Genetic Drift summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples in your own words. Support your understanding with diagrams when appropriate. 4. Watch Bozeman Video #004: Evidence for Evolution summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples in

3 Now scroll down to Supplemental AP Biology Resources. Complete the video review activities listed below for four of the videos under this section. REMEMBER, EACH NUMBERED COMPONENT SHOULD HAVE A DEDICATED PAGE (that is, summarize each video on a separate piece of paper): 5. Watch Bozeman Video Stickleback Evolution summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples in your own words. Support your understanding with diagrams when appropriate. 6. Watch Bozeman Video Review Natural Selection summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples in Part III: Textbook Reading & Content Focus Questions Ch. 22 & 23 If textbooks or AP Test Prep booklets are available, read chapters 22 and 23. While reading, complete the content focus questions provided to you. You may answer directly on the printed pages. If textbooks are not available, you may use my PPT presentations (available on web page) or internet sources to complete this section of the summer assignment. Part IV: Virtual Lab-Population Genetics & Evolution To review the content included in Lab 8-Population Genetics, log onto 1. Scroll down to AP Biology Labs. Watch Bozeman Video #08: Population Genetics & Evolution. 2. Scroll down to Supplemental AP Biology Resources. Watch Bozeman Video Hardy Weinberg Punnett Square. 3. Scroll down to Supplemental AP Biology Resources. Watch Bozeman Video Solving Hardy Weinberg Problems. After completing Part III of the summer assignment and watching the Bozeman videos listed above, log onto the following web page to complete your virtual population genetics lab: 4. Select Lab 8. You may complete the individual sections of the lab directly on the printed lab pages. Part V: Demonstration of Understanding Using Illustrative Examples It is now time to practice applying what you have learned. Complete each Essential Knowledge section listed below for Big Idea 1.A. REMEMBER, EACH NUMBERED COMPONENT SHOULD HAVE A DEDICATED PAGE (that is, summarize each item on a separate piece of paper). Each page should have the question or prompt summarized as well it is okay to paraphrase the question when appropriate. When you are finished with this section, you should be able to meet all learning objectives related to: BIG IDEA I: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life, and Enduring Understanding 1.A: Change in the genetic makeup of a population over time is evolution. Essential Knowledge 1.A.1 Natural selection is a major mechanism of evolution. 1. Create your OWN flow chart, model, or visual representation that summarizes Darwin s theory of natural selection how do variation, overproduction of offspring, competition for resources, survival of the fittest, and adaptation lead to adaptive evolution by natural selection?

4 Essential Knowledge 1.A.2 Natural selection acts on phenotypic variations in populations. 1. Environmental change can act as a selective mechanism on populations. Explain how EACH of the following illustrative examples demonstrates this concept. Flowering time in relation to global climate change Peppered Moth 2. Some phenotypic variations significantly increase or decrease fitness of the organism and the population. Explain how EACH of the following illustrative examples demonstrates this concept. Sickle Cell Anemia DDT Resistance in Insects 3. Humans impact variation in other species. Explain how TWO of the following illustrative examples demonstrate this concept. Artificial Selection Overuse of Antibiotics Loss of Genetic Diversity within a Crop Species Essential Knowledge 1.A.3 Evolutionary change is also driven by random processes. 1. How can chance and random events influence the evolutionary process? Discuss several specific examples. 2. Genetic drift is a nonselective process occurring in small populations. Explain the biological basis of this statement why are the effects of genetic drift severe when population sizes are small? Provide several realworld examples. Essential Knowledge 1.A.4 Biological evolution is supported by scientific evidence from many disciplines, including mathematics. 1. Discuss THREE of the following fields of study and describe in detail how each can be used to support the theory of evolution: Fossils/Paleontology Morphological Homologies Vestigial Structures Examples of Convergent Evolution Biochemical and Genetic Similarities Mathematical Models & Simulations 2. Allelic variation within a population can be modeled by the Hardy-Weinberg equation(s). Complete the following Hardy-Weinberg scenario: Sickle-cell anemia is an interesting genetic disease. Normal homozygous individuals (SS) have normal blood cells that are easily infected with the malarial parasite. Thus, many of these individuals become very ill from the parasite and many die. Individuals homozygous for the sickle-cell trait (ss) have red blood cells that readily collapse when deoxygenated. Although malaria cannot grow in these red blood cells, individuals often die because of the genetic defect. However, individuals with the heterozygous condition (Ss) have some sickling of red blood cells, but generally not enough to cause mortality. In addition, malaria cannot survive well within these "partially defective" red blood cells. Thus, heterozygotes tend to survive better than either of the homozygous conditions. If 9% of an African population is born with a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss), what percentage of the population will be more resistant to malaria because they are heterozygous (Ss) for the sickle-cell gene?

5 Part VI: Essay Practice It is now time to practice synthesizing and summarizing what you have learned in long-essay format. Complete each essay prompt below. REMEMBER, EACH NUMBERED COMPONENT SHOULD HAVE A DEDICATED PAGE (that is, write each essay on a separate piece of paper). When you are finished with this section, you should be able to meet all learning objectives related to: BIG IDEA I: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life, and Enduring Understanding 1.A: Change in the genetic makeup of a population over time is evolution. Essay #1: Evolution is one of the unifying concepts of modern biology. a) Explain the mechanisms that lead to evolutionary change including: The Big Picture (what causes evolution by natural selection) Specific Mechanisms (mechanisms that alter allele frequencies or promote speciation) b) Describe how scientists use each of the following as evidence for evolution. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics Comparative biochemistry The fossil record Essay #2: Complete the following with reference to the Hardy-Weinberg model. a) Indicate the conditions under which allele frequencies (p and q) remain constant from one generation to the next. b) Calculate, showing all work, the frequencies of the alleles and frequencies of the genotypes in a population of 100,000 rabbits of which 25,000 are white and 75,000 are agouti. In rabbits the white color is due to a recessive allele, a, and agouti is due to a dominant allele, A. c) If the homozygous dominant condition were to become lethal, describe what would happen to the allelic and genotypic frequencies in the rabbit population after two generations? Essay #3: Charles Darwin is considered the father of evolutionary biology. Four of his contributions to the field of evolutionary biology are listed below: 1. the non-constancy of species 2. branching evolution, which implies the common descent of all species 3. occurrence of gradual changes in species 4. natural selection as the mechanism for evolution a) For EACH of the four contributions listed above, discuss one example of supporting evidence. b) Darwin s ideas have been enhanced and modified as new knowledge and technologies have become available. Discuss how one of the following has modified biologists interpretation of Darwin s original contributions. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium punctuated equilibrium genetic engineering