Table of Contents. 1 Introduction Our training approach for advisory work and change agents... 5

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1 Table of Contents Impressum... IV Foreword by the editors... VIII Table of contents... IX List of training material for online access or on CD as of September 2011 (will be continuously improved and enlarged).... XVII List of figures... XXIV List of overviews... XXIX List of acronyms... XXV 1 Introduction Background and history Addressees and objectives of the training manual Overview and structure of the manual How to use the manual Our training approach for advisory work and change agents Participant-oriented learning a logical consequence of the problem-solving approach Participant-oriented learning its roots and characteristics Roots of the facilitation technique Facilitation in training Characteristics of and prerequisites for successful facilitation Principles of a participatory training approach Participant-oriented learning in professional training Competences of an adviser Requirements and principles for qualifying advisers Planning, organizing and conducting an extension training workshop Designing a training program Overview of the planning phases Assessment of training needs Developing learning objectives From objectives to topics to a curriculum / training program The scenario or training plan IX

2 Organizing and conducting a training event Pre-workshop activities Activities during the workshop Post-workshop activities Monitoring and evaluating learning outcomes Conducive organizational set-up and framework conditions for training and learning in extension Training strategies and curricula Introduction of new extension staff Compulsory induction training First field stay (practical work phase) Basic training packages for field advisers Introduction to extension and its methods Module 1 Extension: Vision & definition Module 2 Rural development, livelihoods and extension Module 3 Problem solving Module 4 Working with innovations Module 5 Communication skills, methods & extension aids Module 6 Monitoring & evaluating advisory work Module 7 Basics of managing one s own work organization Facilitation training Module 1 Facilitation: Core elements, principles, methods and techniques Module 2 Presentation and visualization Module 3 Planning a facilitated event Module 4 Practicing facilitation Module 5 Handling group dynamics Module 6 Questions in facilitation Module 7 Listening paraphrasing writing Module 8 Are we on the right track? Methods for (continuous) evaluation Module 9 Documenting facilitated events Reflection week Module 1 My first working phase Module 2 Well done! Module 3 Challenges ahead X

3 Module 4 Addressing challenges Special training courses for field advisers Improving advisory talk skills Module 1 Perception and communication Module 2 Listening & paraphrasing Module 3 Feedback Module 4 Improving advisory talk skills Module 5 Attitudes, principles and techniques for non-directive advising Working with community-based organizations Conflict management & mediation Methods for participatory situation analyis and evaluation Designing and conducting training events for and with farmers Gender-sensitive advisory work Special training courses and awareness-raising events for decision makers and middle to high-level managers in advisory services Extension approaches Organization and finance of extension services Improving the management of extension services Qualifying good extension trainers: Training of extension trainers (TOT) TOT training approaches Approach 1: Rehearsal Approach 2: Training trainees and client groups ( TOT cum training ) Version 3: On the job Acquiring training skills University Training Teaching social science for non-social scientists: principles and experiences Teaching a full Master s course Extension in rural development examples and options for training modules Shaping the learning environment Introducing the participants Personal introductions Paired interviewing XI

4 Sociometric lines and clusters Biography Tree of life Expectations Concerns and fears Expectations Objectives, program & methods Workshop objectives and program outline Workshop principles & methods Rules Visualization Setting ground rules Feedback mechanisms Happy sheet Feedback team Extension: Vision and definition Extension situations Extension definitions Guiding the blind The good adviser (Core) Functions of an extension service Extension and rural development What is development? The river code Role of extension in development What are sustainable livelihoods? Extension and livelihood improvement Problem solving Riddles The rope trick What is a problem? The problem solving cycle Situation analysis overview & instruments XII

5 4.4.6 Overview of PRA: Background, principles, toolbox PRA toolbox for participatory situation analysis Assessing options The role of the advisor in problem solving Innovations and change What makes people change? Innovation sources & characteristics Assessing innovations Transfer of innovations / knowledge: Knives and glasses Using clients knowledge? Communication House tree dog Square exercise Communicating ideas Giving and receiving feedback The horse dealer / the goat trader Controlled dialogue Extension talk Extension methods and aids Extension methods Advantages and challenges of working with groups of clients Group dynamics and mobilization / group energizing Extension aids in use The Crying Cow Gender and extension How do we differ? What men and women (can) do Applying the gender lens in advisory work Gender-differentiated situation analysis Power walk Monitoring and evaluation of advisory work Two farmers growing corn Features of monitoring and evaluation in advisory work XIII

6 4.9.3 Different interests and views when evaluating advisory work Closing a training event Wrap up Challenges ahead Workshop evaluation Closing ceremony Strengthening facilitation and presentation skills examples and options for training modules Facilitation principles, methods and techniques Definition of facilitation Facilitation situations in advisory work Tasks of a facilitator The well-dressed facilitator: Facilitation principles and key competences Key methods and techniques in facilitation Presentation and visualization Importance and elements of visualization Writing in visualization Pin board design and presentation Planning and designing a facilitated event Overview of the planning process The dramaturgy of a facilitated event Preparation of a facilitated event Sharing and improving facilitation plans Practicing facilitation skills Getting prepared to facilitate: Tasks, procedure, preparation Rehearsing training modules Giving feedback and debriefing the facilitation exercise Deriving learning outcomes and consequences Group dynamics and team building Group: Definition and importance Group development Tower of power: Conditions for successful team work Pipeline XIV

7 5.5.5 Theme-centered interaction Addressing different characters of participants Handling challenging situations The Johari Window Giving and receiving feedback Questions Importance of questions Formulating good questions Questions for different phases in the action-learning cycle Answering techniques Dealing with questions from participants Listening paraphrasing writing The four aspects of a message Listening with four ears Comprehensive listening and paraphrasing Formulating key messages on cards Documenting a facilitated event Requirements for a photo report Practicing taking pictures Creating / compiling the photo report Training and learning methods Plenary Methods Presentation / visualized presentation Questions and answers (Q&A) Plenary discussion Panel Brainstorming Card collection Group methods Buzz groups / small group work Group work Topic-related starters Brainteasers XV

8 6.3.2 Codes / problem posing material Interactive / pedagogical exercises Skit / sketch Role play Case study Energizers Opinion formation methods Decision barometer / true false exercise Power walk Dot question Ranking Sociometrics Evaluations & review methods (Evening) Flashlight Mood barometer Short daily evaluation: the happy sheet Final evaluation questionnaire Bibliography and further resources Bibliography Additional readings and background material not cited in the manual text Training related resources Extension related resources Facilitation related literature and resources XVI

9 List of training material for online access (as of October 2011) Address: below softlink, enter ruralvol3 and GO 4 Extension in Rural Development examples and options for training modules 4.1 Shaping the Learning Environment T4.1_1-1 Personal introduction (Flipchart model) T4.1_1-2a Cards for personal introduction I T4.1_1-2b Cards for personal introduction II T4.1_1-2c Personal introduction III (poster) T4.1_1-2d Jigsaw-puzzle T4.1_1-4 Instructions Tree of Life T4.1_2-1 Concerns and fears T4.1_2-2 Expectations (task) T4.1_3-1a Workshop objectives (example) T4.1_3-1b Objectives (example) T4.1_3-2 Program overview (example) T4.1_3-3 Workshop principles and methods T4.1_4-1 Hints for visualization T4.1_4-2 Question ground rules T4.1_5-2-1 Happy sheet T4.1_5-1-2 Mood barometer T4.1_5-2-1 Daily Feedback Team 4.2 Extension: Vision and definition T4.2_1-1 Pictures extension situations T4.2_1-2 Questions to work on pictures T4.2_1-3 Results (example) T4.2_2-1 Extension definitions T4.2_2-2 Analyzing the extension definitions task T4.2_2-3 Definitions of extension (ppt) T4.2_2-4 Extension and advisor T4.2_3-1 Instructions Guiding the blind T4.2_3-2 Debriefing questions XVII

10 T4.2_3-3 Debriefing examples T4.2_4-1 Requirements question T4.2_4-2 Requirements adviser (ppt) T4.2_5-1 Extension functions matrix T4.2_5-2 Extension Elephant T4.2_5-3 Story: The five blind men and the elephant 4.3 Extension and rural development T4.3_1-1 Relief Rehabilitation Development T4.3_2-1 The River Code instructions for the mime T4.3_2-2 Debriefing River Code T4.3_3-1 Man travelling T4.3_3-2 Extension and RD-ppt T4.3_4-1 Sustainable Livelihoods Concept-ppt T4.3_4-2 Livelihoods Framework T4.3_4-3 SL Case Study I T4.3_4-3 SL Case Study II T4.3_4-3 SL Case Study III 4.4 Problem solving T4.4_1-1 The garden (riddle 1) T4.4_1-2 The chain (riddle 2) T4.4_1-3 The nine dots (riddle 3) T4.4_2-1 Picture-Problem (man between the ropes) T4.4_2-2 Picture-Solution T4.4_2-3 Cards rope trick T4.4_2-4 Problem solving cycle T4.4_2-5 Example rope trick T4.4_3-0 Structures of lacking insight T4.4_3-1 Missed train T4.4_3-2 Problem solving T4.4_5-1 Situation analysis T4.4_6-1 Overview PRA: background and principles T4.4_7-1 PRA toolbox T4.4_7-2 Task application toolbox T4. 4_7-2 Introduction XVIII

11 T4.4_8-1 Assessing options T4.4_8-2 Example assessing options T4.4_8-3 Decision making T4.4_9-1 Role of the adviser - Task for analysis T4.4_9-2 Role of the adviser - Matrix T4.4_9-3 Role of advisor in problem solving 4.5 Innovations and change T4.5_1-1 Behavior modification T4.5_2-1 Innovations we are familiar with (set of questions) T4.5_2-2 Definition of innovation T4.5_2-3 Innovation features T4.5_3-1 GW for innovation analysis T4.5_3-2 Diffusion of innovations T4.5_3-3 Bull fattening example T4.5_4-1 Instruction sheets T4.5_4-2 Inputs for evaluation and analysis T4.5_4-3 Solutions Knives and glasses T4.5_5-1 Questions clients knowledge T4.5_5-2 From data to information to knowledge T4.5_5-3 Using clients knowledge-ppt 4.6 Communication T4.6_1-1 House Tree Dog Instructions T4.6_2-2a One way two way Exercise (squares I) T4.6_2-2b One way two way Exercise (Instructions round 1) T4.6_2-3a One way two way Exercise (squares II) T.4.6_2-3b One way two way Exercise (Instructions round 2) T4.6_1-1 flow chart successful counseling T4.6_2-1 Instruction sheet for instructor 1 T4.6_2-2 Instructions for audience phase 1 T4.6_2-3 Design 1 for instruction phase 1 T4.6_2-4 Evaluation table (one way two way) T4.6_3-1 Instructions Communicating ideas T4.6_4-1 Tea with bananas (handout) T4.6_4-2 Instructions: Appropriate feedback XIX

12 T4.6_4-3 Giving and receiving feedback T4.6_5-1 Horse trader - task T4.6_5-2 Horse trader solution T4.6_6-1 Controlled dialogue instructions T4.6_6-2 Common mistakes T4.6_7-1 Role play instructions T4.6_7-2a/b RP- Father and son T4.6_7-3a/b RP Beekeeping I T4.6_7-4a/b RP Beekeeping II T4.6_7-5a/b RP Drinking water T4.6_7-6a/b RP Pilot workshop T4.6_7-7a/b RP Waste and rubbish disposal T4.6_7-8 Strips: helpful attitudes T4.6_7-9 Dialogue panel T4.6_7-10 Flow chart: successful counseling T4.6_7-11 Rogers 5 Imperatives 4.7 Extension methods and aids T4.7_1-1 Strips card question currently used methods T4.7_1-2 Communication methods in use (ppt) T4.7_1-3 Frequency of use of matrix T4.7_1-4 Terms for group work T4.7_2-1 Working with groups T4.7_2-2 Features of a group T4.7_2-3 Work time allocation T4.7_3-1 Group development (TUCKMANN) T4.7_3-2 Task group work T4.7_3-3 Forming Norming Performing team development model after Bruce TUCKMANN (handout) T4.7_4-1 Media in use card question (strips) T4.7_4-2 Selection of media - criteria T4.7_4-3 Selection of media - Assessment (Instruction GW) T4.7_5-1 Poster / transparency The crying cow T4.7_5-2 Poster / transparency with translation T4.7_5-3 Explanations / mistakes XX

13 T4.7_5-4 T4.7_5-5 T4.7_5-6 T4.7_5-7 T4.7_5-8 The Crying Cow -ppt Definition of culture Handout The crying cow Pre-tests of visual aids Intercultural communication 4.8 Gender and Extension T4.8_1-1 Cards to collect and cluster differences T4.8_2-1 Cards for the pin board T4.8_2-2 Statements T4.8_2-3 Poster: Definition of sex and gender T4.8_3-1 Task for group work and card collection T4.8_4-1 Tools for gender-sensitive analysis T4.8_4-2 Task for team work T4.8_4-3 Checklist for gender-sensitive participatory approach T4.8_5-1 Poster HR T4.8_5-2 Role description T4.8_5-3 Incidences/statements 4.9 Monitoring and evaluation of advisory work T4.9_1-1 Two farmers growing corn T4.9_1-2 Definition Monitoring, Evaluation T4.9_2-1 Dimensions of M&E T4.9_3-1 Task for group work 4.10 Closing a training event T4.10_2-1 Questions for card collection on challenges T4.10_3-1 questionnaire T4.10_3-2 Pin board for questionnaire T4.10_3-3 Assessment cards 5 Strengthening facilitation and presentation skills Examples and options for training modules 5.1 Facilitation principles, methods and techniques T5.1_1-1 Questions to clarify terms T5.1_1-2 Facilitation and moderation T5.1_1-3 How does facilitation work XXI

14 T5.1_1-4 Link facilitation training coaching T5.1_2-1 Facilitation situations in advisory work T5.1_3-1 Strip with question Tasks of a facilitator T5.1_4-1 Well-dressed facilitator T5.1_5-1 Collecting methods T5.1_5-2 Methods used so far T5.1_5-3 Identification of criteria T5.1_5-4 Assessment of methods 5.2 Presentation and visualization T5.2_1-1 Why visualization in facilitation T5.2_2-1 Visualization in facilitation and rules T5.2_2-2 Work sheet T5.2_3-1 Task pin board design and presentation T5.2_3-2 Presenting group posters 5.3 Planning and designing a facilitated event T5.3_1-1 Overview planning phases T5.3_2-1 Phases and steps of a facilitated event T5.3_2-1b Planning overview T5.3_2-2 Dramaturgy cards T5.3_3-1 Preparation of a facilitated event T5.3_3-2 Scenario template 5.4 Practicing Facilitation Skills T5.4_1-1 Facilitation topics, teams, terms T5.4_1-2 Facilitation - practicing schedule T5.4_3-1 Facilitation debriefing procedure T5.4_3-2 Feedback rules 5.5 Group dynamics and team building T5.5_1-1 Groups - definition T5.5_1-2 GW experiences with groups T5.5_1-3 Reasons for advisory groups T5.5_1-4 Advantages of working with groups T5.5_2-1 Group development (Tuckmann) T5.5_2-2 Group process, dynamics XXII

15 T5.5_3-1 Tower of power trainers guide T5.5_3-2 Tower of power task T5.5_3-3 Tower of power debriefing T5.5_4-1 Pipeline trainer s guide T5.5_4-2 Pipeline - task T5.5_4-3 Pipeline - debriefing T5.5_5-1 Cards with the model T5.5_5-2 Task GW on factors T5.5_5-3 Assumptions and postulates T5.5_5-4 Task buzz group postulates rules T5.5_5-5 Handout: Theme centered interaction T5.5_6-1 Question, matrix, characters T5.5_6-2 Hints for dealing with special participants (ppt) T5.5_6-3 Hints for dealing with special participants (handout) T5.5_7-1 Statements T5.5_8-1 Johari Window T5.5_8-2 Question for buzz groups T5.5_8-3 Handout Johari Window Model T5.5_9-1 Questions feedback rules T5.5_9-2 Description practicing feedback T5.5_9-3 Debriefing questions 5.6 Questions T5.6_1-1 Asking questions- when and why T5.6_1-2 Importance of questions T5.6_2-1 A good question (card questions) T5.6_2-2 Task for GW T5.6_2-3 Assessment board T5.6_3-1 Types of questions in the learning cycle T5.6_3-2 Questions of the facilitator (paper LOHMEYER handout) T5.6_4-1 Sketches / types of answering alternatives T5.6_5-1 Participants questions T5.6_5-2 Questions from participants (paper LOHMEYER II, handout) 5.7 Listening Paraphrasing Writing T5.7_1-1 Four aspects of a message XXIII

16 T5.7_1-2 Task buzz groups T5.7_1-3 The four aspects of a message (handout) T5.7_2-1 Task four ears T5.7_2-2 Debriefing questions T5.7_3-1 Task listening exercise T5.7_3-2 Debriefing listening exercise T5.7_4-1 Setting and task writing exercise T5.7_4-2 Debriefing writing exercise 5.8 Documenting a Facilitated Event T5.8_1-1 Guide to elaborate a photo documentation List of figures Figure 2.1: Qualifications of an adviser Figure 2.2: Planning phases Figure 3.1: Extension training roadmap Figure 3.2: Our teaching objectives in soft skills Figure 3.3: Spinning the own knowledge web Figure 5.1: Techniques for questioning and answering^ List of Overviews Overview 1.1: Contents of this manual... 2 Overview 2.1: Clarification of terms relating to facilitation... 6 Overview 2.2: Outline template of a training course Overview 2.3: Scenario for a training course Overview 3.1: Outline of a 7-month introduction phase Overview 3.2: General organizational induction training checklist Overview 3.3: Job and departmental induction training checklist Overview 3.4: Outline of a two-week training workshop on Extension and its methods Overview 3.5: Outline of a two-weeks training workshop on Facilitation Overview 3.6: Outline of a reflection week Overview 3.7: Workshop outline Improving advisory skills Overview 3.8: Training schedule for TOT cum training Overview 3.9: Outline of the module Rural Communication and Extension XXIV

17 Overview 3.10: Outline of a module Extension and Advisory Work Overview 4.1: Extension modules Overview 6.1: Possible characters for the power walk Overview 6.2: Possible statements List of Acronyms T Toolbox see I Volume I II Volume II III Volume III GW Group work Q&A Questions and answers XXV