D.J. Murray-Smith. Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering University of Glasgow Glasgow UK SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
|
|
- Kellie Maxwell
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CONTINUOUS SYSTEM SIMULATION
2 Continuous System Simulation D.J. Murray-Smith Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering University of Glasgow Glasgow UK SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
3 First edition D.J. Murray-Smith Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1995 Typeset by EXPO Holdings, Malaysia ISBN DOI / ISBN (ebook) Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this page. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: (bb) Printed on permanent acid-free text paper, manufactured in accordance with ANSI/NISO Z and ANSI/NISO Z
4 CONTENTS Preface xi 1 The principles of modeling Objectives in the modeling of systems Continuous-variable and discrete-event models Types of continuous-variable model Modeling and simulation procedures for continuous-variable models 4 References 11 2 An introduction to simulation methods The need for simulation Methods of simulation Techniques based on special-purpose simulation hardware Techniques based on general-purpose computer hardware A review of simulation applications 18 References 21 3 Problem organization for continuous system simulation Introduction Descriptions for continuous-variable models: reduced and state-variable forms Conversion from reduced form to state-variable form Transfer function descriptions Bond graph representations One-port components Causality in bond graph representations Junctions in bond graphs Coupling between physical domains Signals in bond graphs Simulation program development from bond graph models Block diagram and signal flow graph representations Block diagram and signal flow graph methods for transfer function simulation The direct construction approach The parallel construction approach The iterative construction approach An example of block diagram construction from a transfer function 37
5 vi Contents 3.8 Modeling of distributed parameter elements Introduction Pure time delay Distributed time delay Simulation models involving pure and distributed delay elements Parameter sensitivity analysis methods in system modeling and simulation Methods for sensitivity co-system simulation Mathematical models of systems having both discrete and continuous elements 47 References 49 4 The principles of numerical modeling An introduction to numerical integration methods Fixed-step integration algorithms: one-step methods Introduction Taylor series descriptions Errors in fixed-step integration methods Explicit Runge-Kutta methods Trapezoidal integration Fixed-step integration algorithms: multistep methods Problems of integration step-size selection and numerical instability Variable-step integration algorithms Problems of 'stiff' models Discontinuities and their effects Numerical methods for discontinuous problems Problems of implicit loop structures 66 References 66 5 Sampled-data models and operator methods Introduction Approximations based on sampled-data theory Modeling of linear systems using sampled-data approximations Cascaded elements Closed-loop systems Modeling of nonlinear systems using sampled-data approximations Cascaded elements Closed-loop models Sampled-data description for a continuous state-space model Linear time-invariant models Operational methods for difference equation models Integration operators Simulation using operational methods Simulation of a single transfer function Simulation of cascaded transfer functions Simulation of linear closed-loop systems Simulation of time-varying and nonlinear models by operator methods Assessment of simulation performance by frequency response methods 83
6 Contents vii Frequency response of discrete integrators 83 References 84 6 The principles of equation-oriented simulation software Introduction Simulation programming using general-purpose high-level languages Simulation programming using matrix packages Simulation packages Simulation programming using simulation languages Introduction The Simulation Councils' 1967 recommendations (CSSL'67) The general structure of simulation programs using CSSL'67-type languages SLIM - a simple continuous system simulation language The main features of the language The syntax of the SLIM language Output facilities and graphics An example of a simulation program in the SLIM language Examples of other simulation languages CSSL IV ACSL DESIRE Comparisons of SLIM with widely used simulation languages 105 References The principles of block diagram-oriented simulation tools Graphical man-machine interfaces for simulation The block-based approach to the description of dynamic systems Examples of block-oriented simulation environments with a graphical user interface A simple simulation example using graphical block-oriented tools 113 References Simple examples using common simulation tools Introduction A coupled-tuned electrical circuit simulation A control system simulation: speed control of a water turbine Simulation of a neural encoder model A constrained pendulum simulation Simulation of a simple digital control system 131 References Internal verification and external validation The need for testing Terminology and definitions Internal verification 142
7 viii Contents Static checks Dynamic checks External validation Theoretical validity Empirical validity Measured response information for empirical validation System identification and parameter estimation methods in the empirical validation process Robustness issues in external validation Possible outcomes of the external validation process Documentation of the validation process 150 References Case study I - a two-tank liquid level control system Introduction Modeling of a pair of interconnected tanks A nonlinear mathematical model Linearization of the model Programs for simulation of the nonlinear coupled-tank system Internal verification of the simulation program External validation of the simulation model Discussion 162 Reference Case study II - an aircraft automatic landing system Introduction Modeling and simulation of an aircraft directional-control system Modeling and simulation of a lateral beam guidance system Discussion 173 References Case study III - respiratory gas-exchange process simulation Introduction and background physiology Modeling of pulmonary gas-exchange processes The computer simulation Discussion 182 References Case study IV - a simulation model of active skeletal muscle Introduction Models of active muscle Simulation of active muscle for constant length conditions Models of active muscle for constant tension conditions and simulation of the after-loaded isotonic twitch Parameter sensitivity analysis 196
8 13.4 Simulation of the complete twitch response and repetitive stimulation 13.5 Discussion References 14 Real-time simulation 14.1 An introduction to real-time applications 14.2 Hardware and software aspects of real-time simulation 14.3 Analog simulation techniques The operational amplifier The summing unit The integrator unit The coefficient unit Multipliers and other nonlinear units Scaling of variables Operating modes 14.4 Digital techniques Real-time integration algorithms Choice of communication interval Error analysis in real-time simulation Multirate methods 14.5 Special-purpose hardware for real-time digital simulation Introduction Array processors and multiprocessor systems Transputer-based parallel systems 14.6 Hardware-in-the-Ioop simulation and partial-system testing 14.7 Applications in training and education Introduction Simulators for operator training Real-time simulation in teaching References 15 Current trends in continuous system simulation 15.1 Developments in simulation languages 15.2 Improvements in the man-machine interface 15.3 Developments involving parallel processor systems Hardware developments in parallel processing for simulation Simulation software for parallel processor systems 15.4 Artificial intelligence and simulation Knowledge-based systems in modeling and simulation Knowledge representation using frames and inheritance Qualitative modeling and qualitative simulation References Appendix A The Laplace transform A.l Introduction A.2 Linearity theorem Contents ix
9 x Contents A3 Differentiation theorem A4 Final value theorem A5 Example Reference Appendix B The transfer function Reference Appendix C Block diagrams and signal flow graphs C1 Introduction C2 Block diagrams C3 Signal flow graphs Reference Appendix D Discrete-time models and sampled-data theory D.1 Introduction D.2 Discrete-time models D.3 Discretization of a continuous-time model D.4 The sampling process References Appendix E SLIM software instructions E.1 Introduction E.2 Hardware requirements E.3 Software installation E.4 Starting and exiting SLIM E.5 Useful hints for using SLIM E.6 Starting and exiting SLIMPLOT E.7 Useful hints for using SLIMPLOT Index
10 computer. This language, which is fully described in Chapter 6, provides a basis for some preliminary work on equation-oriented methods and can be used by the reader to gain practical experience before considering more complex examples involving use of more comprehensive simulation languages, such as ACSL. Although the software provided on the diskette is limited in terms of the size of problems that can be tackled and in the range of facilities provided, it is hoped that it may enhance the text considerably for those having access to a personal computer. The limitations of the language are fully described and comparisons are made, in terms of its facilities and performance, with commercially supported languages. However, it must be emphasized that this software is intended only as an aid to understanding simulation methods and is not a substitute for established and supported modem simulation languages which have many features not included within SLIM. The case studies in Chapters 10, 11, 12 and 13 have been chosen to be of interest to readers with a background principally in engineering, physics or applied mathematics. However, both here and in other sections of the book, some use is also made of bioengineering examples to emphasize the importance of simulation in biomedical fields and to highlight some of the problems that can arise in the modeling and simulation of such systems. In every example background information is provided which is intended to provide readers not active in the field with sufficient information to allow them to understand the problem, the associated mathematical model and the particular simulation issues raised. Care has been taken to ensure that objectives for the simulation work are stated clearly in the case studies presented. Other topics covered in later chapters include real-time simulation techniques, which are of great importance for many types of engineering and laboratory applications, and a brief review of current trends in simula- xii Preface as much as it is of any other computer application area. Recognizing the fact that information inherent in the underlying model is at fault can present serious problems even for experienced users of simulation techniques. Careful consideration must be given to methods of testing and validation. Without this the potential advantages of a simulation approach are nullified. The first chapter of the book sets the scene in this respect with a review of the objectives of modeling and simulation and an account of systematic procedures which help to ensure that these objectives are satisfied. More detailed discussion of the verification and validation of simulation models is presented in later sections, especially in Chapter 9 and in the case study of Chapter 10. The book is intended mainly for readers with little or no previous experience of computer simulation methods but having a reasonably numerate background. An elementary understanding of ordinary differential equations and some knowledge concerning their use in the mathematical modeling of physical systems is necessary. Large sections of the book should also be of value to those already working in the field of computer simulation and modeling. The objective has been to cover the general principles of continuous system simulation methods in a thorough fashion and, through appropriate examples and case studies, to illustrate the application of these principles using modem simulation packages. Both equation-oriented languages and block diagram-based packages are considered. Separate chapters are included which cover the questions of problem description and organization at a mathematical level and the principles of numerical modeling before any attempt is made to discuss specific problem-oriented languages. A simple continuous system simulation language called SLIM (Simulation Language for Introductory Modeling) is provided with the book on a diskette which can be used on any DOS-based IBM-compatible personal
11 PREFACE Computer simulation of dynamic systems is a topic which is growing steadily in importance in the physical sciences, engineering, biology and medicine. The reasons for this trend relate not only to the steadily increasing power of computers and the rapidly falling costs of hardware, but also to the availability of appropriate software tools in the form of simulation languages. Problem-oriented languages of this kind assist those who are not specialists in computational methods to translate a mathematical description into a simulation program in a simple and straightforward fashion. They can also provide useful diagnostic information when difficulties are encountered. Therefore, a simulation language provides, in comparison with languages such as Fortran, Basic, Pascal or C, the same type of advantages for simulation which those standard high-level languages provide over an assembly language for other computer applications. Simulation involves experimentation with models of real systems. The reasons for using a simulation approach to problem solving depend, to some extent, on the field of application. In engineering, simulation techniques can often allow valuable insight to be gained at an early stage in a design, when it would otherwise be unobtainable until a prototype system or scale model was constructed. In some engineering applications, such as the development of aircraft flight-control systems, simulation may be the only feasible and safe approach for initial investigations. Even at much later stages of system development, a simulation-based approach may still be useful, since the required results may often be obtained by simulation more quickly, effectively and cheaply than by experimentation and testing of the real system. System performance can also be investigated using simulation for a much wider range of conditions than can be contemplated for the real system because of operating constraints or safety requirements. Similar factors can apply in other fields, such as biomedical systems engineering. System simulation, using digital computers, can relate either to models based on continuous variables or to discrete-event descriptions. Continuous system simulation techniques are applied to systems described by sets of differential equations and algebraic equations. Such descriptions of dynamic properties are applicable to many types of engineering system, to a wide range of problems in the physical sciences and to certain types of biological system. Discrete-event simulation is also concerned with systems which are dynamic in nature, but in this case events and the times at which they occur are of primary importance. Examples of applications for which discrete-event simulation is important are in air and road traffic control, in manufacturing systems and in the optimization of computer systems or communications networks. This book is concerned primarily with continuous system simulation and includes discussion of di~crete-event techniques only in the context of mixed models which include some discrete elements together with continuous system descriptions. The proper use of simulation techniques cannot be separated from the intelligent use of mathematical models. The concept of 'garbage in, garbage out' is true of simulation
12 tion. Topics covered under this latter heading include the effects of new developments in conventional computer hardware and software, the influence of parallel architectures on simulation methods, and links which are being established between the fields of artificial intelligence and simulation. In preparing a book intended for engineers and scientists in a number of different disciplines it has been recognized that readers may not all be fully familiar with the relevant mathematical techniques. A number of appendices have therefore been included to cover relevant topics such as the Laplace transform, transfer function descriptions and block diagram notation. The graphical routines included in the accompanying software are part of the NAG Graphics Library. This product contains a collection of over 100 carefully designed routines which provides Fortran and C programmers with a convenient and versatile means of producing a graphical representation of numerical and statistical results. It is used worldwide in commerce, financial modeling, industry, academic research and many other areas, and is available for a wide spectrum of machines. Interfaces are also supplied to the most commonly used plotting packages. NAG also provide a wide range of other products such as mathematical and statistical routines in Fortran, C, Pascal and Ada; Fortran 90 compilers and tools; symbolic solvers; data visualization software; linear programming software and a gateway generator which automatically generates MATLAB gateway. For further information, a quotation or details of your local distributor please contact: Preface xiii Sales Department NAG Ltd Wilkinson House Jordan Hill Road Oxford OX2 9BX United Kingdom Many people have contributed to the preparation of this text and the accompanying software. First of all, I wish to thank many students in the Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering at the University of Glasgow who have assisted in the development of some of the material through their project work, by pointing out errors in sections which have been used to support courses at undergraduate and post-graduate level, and by helping with the development and testing of the SLIM software. In particular, I wish to mention the contribution made by Fran<;ois Gaudaire, who developed many of the XANALOG simulation diagrams used in the examples and case studies of Chapters 8, 10, 11, 12 and 13. I also wish to thank Mingrui Gong for her assistance with some of the model validation results included in Chapter 10. I have also had very helpful feedback from experienced engineers on postgraduate short courses, most recently at one organized by PROPESA at the Centro Tecnico Aeroespacial, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil. To all the many individuals who have provided assistance, of one kind or another, I wish to express my sincere appreciation. Finally, I must acknowledge the support, encouragement and patience of my wife, Effie, who has helped to make this book possible. David Murray-Smith Glasgow 1994
Guide to Teaching Computer Science
Guide to Teaching Computer Science Orit Hazzan Tami Lapidot Noa Ragonis Guide to Teaching Computer Science An Activity-Based Approach Dr. Orit Hazzan Associate Professor Technion - Israel Institute of
More informationD Road Maps 6. A Guide to Learning System Dynamics. System Dynamics in Education Project
D-4506-5 1 Road Maps 6 A Guide to Learning System Dynamics System Dynamics in Education Project 2 A Guide to Learning System Dynamics D-4506-5 Road Maps 6 System Dynamics in Education Project System Dynamics
More informationSeminar - Organic Computing
Seminar - Organic Computing Self-Organisation of OC-Systems Markus Franke 25.01.2006 Typeset by FoilTEX Timetable 1. Overview 2. Characteristics of SO-Systems 3. Concern with Nature 4. Design-Concepts
More informationModule 12. Machine Learning. Version 2 CSE IIT, Kharagpur
Module 12 Machine Learning 12.1 Instructional Objective The students should understand the concept of learning systems Students should learn about different aspects of a learning system Students should
More informationSoftware Maintenance
1 What is Software Maintenance? Software Maintenance is a very broad activity that includes error corrections, enhancements of capabilities, deletion of obsolete capabilities, and optimization. 2 Categories
More informationPython Machine Learning
Python Machine Learning Unlock deeper insights into machine learning with this vital guide to cuttingedge predictive analytics Sebastian Raschka [ PUBLISHING 1 open source I community experience distilled
More informationCircuit Simulators: A Revolutionary E-Learning Platform
Circuit Simulators: A Revolutionary E-Learning Platform Mahi Itagi Padre Conceicao College of Engineering, Verna, Goa, India. itagimahi@gmail.com Akhil Deshpande Gogte Institute of Technology, Udyambag,
More informationPerspectives of Information Systems
Perspectives of Information Systems Springer-Science+ Business Media, LLC Vesa Savolainen Editor and Main Author Perspectives of Information Systems Springer Vesa Savolainen Department of Computer Science
More informationSchool of Innovative Technologies and Engineering
School of Innovative Technologies and Engineering Department of Applied Mathematical Sciences Proficiency Course in MATLAB COURSE DOCUMENT VERSION 1.0 PCMv1.0 July 2012 University of Technology, Mauritius
More informationRadius STEM Readiness TM
Curriculum Guide Radius STEM Readiness TM While today s teens are surrounded by technology, we face a stark and imminent shortage of graduates pursuing careers in Science, Technology, Engineering, and
More informationInstrumentation, Control & Automation Staffing. Maintenance Benchmarking Study
Electronic Document Instrumentation, Control & Automation Staffing Prepared by ITA Technical Committee, Maintenance Subcommittee, Task Force on IC&A Staffing John Petito, Chair Richard Haugh, Vice-Chair
More informationAnalysis of Enzyme Kinetic Data
Analysis of Enzyme Kinetic Data To Marilú Analysis of Enzyme Kinetic Data ATHEL CORNISH-BOWDEN Directeur de Recherche Émérite, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseilles OXFORD UNIVERSITY
More informationApplication of Virtual Instruments (VIs) for an enhanced learning environment
Application of Virtual Instruments (VIs) for an enhanced learning environment Philip Smyth, Dermot Brabazon, Eilish McLoughlin Schools of Mechanical and Physical Sciences Dublin City University Ireland
More informationACTL5103 Stochastic Modelling For Actuaries. Course Outline Semester 2, 2014
UNSW Australia Business School School of Risk and Actuarial Studies ACTL5103 Stochastic Modelling For Actuaries Course Outline Semester 2, 2014 Part A: Course-Specific Information Please consult Part B
More informationLearning Methods for Fuzzy Systems
Learning Methods for Fuzzy Systems Rudolf Kruse and Andreas Nürnberger Department of Computer Science, University of Magdeburg Universitätsplatz, D-396 Magdeburg, Germany Phone : +49.39.67.876, Fax : +49.39.67.8
More informationAn Introduction to Simio for Beginners
An Introduction to Simio for Beginners C. Dennis Pegden, Ph.D. This white paper is intended to introduce Simio to a user new to simulation. It is intended for the manufacturing engineer, hospital quality
More informationME 443/643 Design Techniques in Mechanical Engineering. Lecture 1: Introduction
ME 443/643 Design Techniques in Mechanical Engineering Lecture 1: Introduction Instructor: Dr. Jagadeep Thota Instructor Introduction Born in Bangalore, India. B.S. in ME @ Bangalore University, India.
More informationMajor Milestones, Team Activities, and Individual Deliverables
Major Milestones, Team Activities, and Individual Deliverables Milestone #1: Team Semester Proposal Your team should write a proposal that describes project objectives, existing relevant technology, engineering
More informationPractical Integrated Learning for Machine Element Design
Practical Integrated Learning for Machine Element Design Manop Tantrabandit * Abstract----There are many possible methods to implement the practical-approach-based integrated learning, in which all participants,
More informationControl Tutorials for MATLAB and Simulink
Control Tutorials for MATLAB and Simulink Last updated: 07/24/2014 Author Information Prof. Bill Messner Carnegie Mellon University Prof. Dawn Tilbury University of Michigan Asst. Prof. Rick Hill, PhD
More informationCHALLENGES FACING DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC PLANS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MWINGI CENTRAL DISTRICT, KENYA
CHALLENGES FACING DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC PLANS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MWINGI CENTRAL DISTRICT, KENYA By Koma Timothy Mutua Reg. No. GMB/M/0870/08/11 A Research Project Submitted In Partial Fulfilment
More informationTo link to this article: PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE
This article was downloaded by: [Dr Brian Winkel] On: 19 November 2014, At: 04:59 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer
More informationHARPER ADAMS UNIVERSITY Programme Specification
HARPER ADAMS UNIVERSITY Programme Specification 1 Awarding Institution: Harper Adams University 2 Teaching Institution: Askham Bryan College 3 Course Accredited by: Not Applicable 4 Final Award and Level:
More informationUniversity of Groningen. Systemen, planning, netwerken Bosman, Aart
University of Groningen Systemen, planning, netwerken Bosman, Aart IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document
More informationGACE Computer Science Assessment Test at a Glance
GACE Computer Science Assessment Test at a Glance Updated May 2017 See the GACE Computer Science Assessment Study Companion for practice questions and preparation resources. Assessment Name Computer Science
More informationInternational Series in Operations Research & Management Science
International Series in Operations Research & Management Science Volume 240 Series Editor Camille C. Price Stephen F. Austin State University, TX, USA Associate Series Editor Joe Zhu Worcester Polytechnic
More informationEconomics 201 Principles of Microeconomics Fall 2010 MWF 10:00 10:50am 160 Bryan Building
Economics 201 Principles of Microeconomics Fall 2010 MWF 10:00 10:50am 160 Bryan Building Professor: Dr. Michelle Sheran Office: 445 Bryan Building Phone: 256-1192 E-mail: mesheran@uncg.edu Office Hours:
More informationEDEXCEL FUNCTIONAL SKILLS PILOT. Maths Level 2. Chapter 7. Working with probability
Working with probability 7 EDEXCEL FUNCTIONAL SKILLS PILOT Maths Level 2 Chapter 7 Working with probability SECTION K 1 Measuring probability 109 2 Experimental probability 111 3 Using tables to find the
More informationThis Performance Standards include four major components. They are
Environmental Physics Standards The Georgia Performance Standards are designed to provide students with the knowledge and skills for proficiency in science. The Project 2061 s Benchmarks for Science Literacy
More informationLevel 6. Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) Fee for 2017/18 is 9,250*
Programme Specification: Undergraduate For students starting in Academic Year 2017/2018 1. Course Summary Names of programme(s) and award title(s) Award type Mode of study Framework of Higher Education
More informationMathematics Program Assessment Plan
Mathematics Program Assessment Plan Introduction This assessment plan is tentative and will continue to be refined as needed to best fit the requirements of the Board of Regent s and UAS Program Review
More informationA R "! I,,, !~ii ii! A ow ' r.-ii ' i ' JA' V5, 9. MiN, ;
A R "! I,,, r.-ii ' i '!~ii ii! A ow ' I % i o,... V. 4..... JA' i,.. Al V5, 9 MiN, ; Logic and Language Models for Computer Science Logic and Language Models for Computer Science HENRY HAMBURGER George
More informationBiomedical Sciences (BC98)
Be one of the first to experience the new undergraduate science programme at a university leading the way in biomedical teaching and research Biomedical Sciences (BC98) BA in Cell and Systems Biology BA
More informationGCSE Mathematics B (Linear) Mark Scheme for November Component J567/04: Mathematics Paper 4 (Higher) General Certificate of Secondary Education
GCSE Mathematics B (Linear) Component J567/04: Mathematics Paper 4 (Higher) General Certificate of Secondary Education Mark Scheme for November 2014 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge
More informationA Neural Network GUI Tested on Text-To-Phoneme Mapping
A Neural Network GUI Tested on Text-To-Phoneme Mapping MAARTEN TROMPPER Universiteit Utrecht m.f.a.trompper@students.uu.nl Abstract Text-to-phoneme (T2P) mapping is a necessary step in any speech synthesis
More informationA student diagnosing and evaluation system for laboratory-based academic exercises
A student diagnosing and evaluation system for laboratory-based academic exercises Maria Samarakou, Emmanouil Fylladitakis and Pantelis Prentakis Technological Educational Institute (T.E.I.) of Athens
More informationAGS THE GREAT REVIEW GAME FOR PRE-ALGEBRA (CD) CORRELATED TO CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS
AGS THE GREAT REVIEW GAME FOR PRE-ALGEBRA (CD) CORRELATED TO CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS 1 CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS: Chapter 1 ALGEBRA AND WHOLE NUMBERS Algebra and Functions 1.4 Students use algebraic
More informationPhysics 270: Experimental Physics
2017 edition Lab Manual Physics 270 3 Physics 270: Experimental Physics Lecture: Lab: Instructor: Office: Email: Tuesdays, 2 3:50 PM Thursdays, 2 4:50 PM Dr. Uttam Manna 313C Moulton Hall umanna@ilstu.edu
More informationFUZZY EXPERT. Dr. Kasim M. Al-Aubidy. Philadelphia University. Computer Eng. Dept February 2002 University of Damascus-Syria
FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEMS 16-18 18 February 2002 University of Damascus-Syria Dr. Kasim M. Al-Aubidy Computer Eng. Dept. Philadelphia University What is Expert Systems? ES are computer programs that emulate
More informationIntegrating simulation into the engineering curriculum: a case study
Integrating simulation into the engineering curriculum: a case study Baidurja Ray and Rajesh Bhaskaran Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA E-mail:
More informationPRODUCT COMPLEXITY: A NEW MODELLING COURSE IN THE INDUSTRIAL DESIGN PROGRAM AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND PRODUCT DESIGN EDUCATION 6 & 7 SEPTEMBER 2012, ARTESIS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, ANTWERP, BELGIUM PRODUCT COMPLEXITY: A NEW MODELLING COURSE IN THE INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
More informationSpecification and Evaluation of Machine Translation Toy Systems - Criteria for laboratory assignments
Specification and Evaluation of Machine Translation Toy Systems - Criteria for laboratory assignments Cristina Vertan, Walther v. Hahn University of Hamburg, Natural Language Systems Division Hamburg,
More informationTimeline. Recommendations
Introduction Advanced Placement Course Credit Alignment Recommendations In 2007, the State of Ohio Legislature passed legislation mandating the Board of Regents to recommend and the Chancellor to adopt
More informationTABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER PAGE HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PERNYATAAN NASKAH SOAL TUGAS AKHIR ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FOREWORD
TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER PAGE HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PERNYATAAN NASKAH SOAL TUGAS AKHIR ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FOREWORD TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF APPENDICES LIST OF
More informationResearch computing Results
About Online Surveys Support Contact Us Online Surveys Develop, launch and analyse Web-based surveys My Surveys Create Survey My Details Account Details Account Users You are here: Research computing Results
More informationEDEXCEL FUNCTIONAL SKILLS PILOT TEACHER S NOTES. Maths Level 2. Chapter 4. Working with measures
EDEXCEL FUNCTIONAL SKILLS PILOT TEACHER S NOTES Maths Level 2 Chapter 4 Working with measures SECTION G 1 Time 2 Temperature 3 Length 4 Weight 5 Capacity 6 Conversion between metric units 7 Conversion
More informationMath-U-See Correlation with the Common Core State Standards for Mathematical Content for Third Grade
Math-U-See Correlation with the Common Core State Standards for Mathematical Content for Third Grade The third grade standards primarily address multiplication and division, which are covered in Math-U-See
More informationINPE São José dos Campos
INPE-5479 PRE/1778 MONLINEAR ASPECTS OF DATA INTEGRATION FOR LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION IN A NEDRAL NETWORK ENVIRONNENT Maria Suelena S. Barros Valter Rodrigues INPE São José dos Campos 1993 SECRETARIA
More informationCommunication and Cybernetics 17
Communication and Cybernetics 17 Editors: K. S. Fu W. D. Keidel W. J. M. Levelt H. Wolter Communication and Cybernetics Editors: K.S.Fu, W.D.Keidel, W.1.M.Levelt, H.Wolter Vol. Vol. 2 Vol. 3 Vol. 4 Vol.
More informationOn Human Computer Interaction, HCI. Dr. Saif al Zahir Electrical and Computer Engineering Department UBC
On Human Computer Interaction, HCI Dr. Saif al Zahir Electrical and Computer Engineering Department UBC Human Computer Interaction HCI HCI is the study of people, computer technology, and the ways these
More informationKnowledge-Based - Systems
Knowledge-Based - Systems ; Rajendra Arvind Akerkar Chairman, Technomathematics Research Foundation and Senior Researcher, Western Norway Research institute Priti Srinivas Sajja Sardar Patel University
More informationBENG Simulation Modeling of Biological Systems. BENG 5613 Syllabus: Page 1 of 9. SPECIAL NOTE No. 1:
BENG 5613 Syllabus: Page 1 of 9 BENG 5613 - Simulation Modeling of Biological Systems SPECIAL NOTE No. 1: Class Syllabus BENG 5613, beginning in 2014, is being taught in the Spring in both an 8- week term
More informationRover Races Grades: 3-5 Prep Time: ~45 Minutes Lesson Time: ~105 minutes
Rover Races Grades: 3-5 Prep Time: ~45 Minutes Lesson Time: ~105 minutes WHAT STUDENTS DO: Establishing Communication Procedures Following Curiosity on Mars often means roving to places with interesting
More informationIntroduction to Simulation
Introduction to Simulation Spring 2010 Dr. Louis Luangkesorn University of Pittsburgh January 19, 2010 Dr. Louis Luangkesorn ( University of Pittsburgh ) Introduction to Simulation January 19, 2010 1 /
More informationMultidisciplinary Engineering Systems 2 nd and 3rd Year College-Wide Courses
Multidisciplinary Engineering Systems 2 nd and 3rd Year College-Wide Courses Kevin Craig College of Engineering Marquette University Milwaukee, WI, USA Mark Nagurka College of Engineering Marquette University
More informationTHE PROMOTION OF SOCIAL AWARENESS
THE PROMOTION OF SOCIAL AWARENESS Powerful Lessons from the Partnership of Developmental Theory and Classroom Practice Robert L. Selman Russell Sage Foundation New York The Russell Sage Foundation The
More informationLecture Notes on Mathematical Olympiad Courses
Lecture Notes on Mathematical Olympiad Courses For Junior Section Vol. 2 Mathematical Olympiad Series ISSN: 1793-8570 Series Editors: Lee Peng Yee (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore) Xiong Bin
More informationAn Automated Data Fusion Process for an Air Defense Scenario
16 th ICCRTS 2011, June An Automated Data Fusion Process for an Air Defense Scenario André Luís Maia Baruffaldi [andre_baruffaldi@yahoo.com.br] José Maria P. de Oliveira [parente@ita.br] Alexandre de Barros
More informationSoftware Development: Programming Paradigms (SCQF level 8)
Higher National Unit Specification General information Unit code: HL9V 35 Superclass: CB Publication date: May 2017 Source: Scottish Qualifications Authority Version: 01 Unit purpose This unit is intended
More informationDocument number: 2013/ Programs Committee 6/2014 (July) Agenda Item 42.0 Bachelor of Engineering with Honours in Software Engineering
Document number: 2013/0006139 Programs Committee 6/2014 (July) Agenda Item 42.0 Bachelor of Engineering with Honours in Software Engineering Program Learning Outcomes Threshold Learning Outcomes for Engineering
More informationDesigning a Computer to Play Nim: A Mini-Capstone Project in Digital Design I
Session 1793 Designing a Computer to Play Nim: A Mini-Capstone Project in Digital Design I John Greco, Ph.D. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lafayette College Easton, PA 18042 Abstract
More informationProbability and Statistics Curriculum Pacing Guide
Unit 1 Terms PS.SPMJ.3 PS.SPMJ.5 Plan and conduct a survey to answer a statistical question. Recognize how the plan addresses sampling technique, randomization, measurement of experimental error and methods
More informationApplying Fuzzy Rule-Based System on FMEA to Assess the Risks on Project-Based Software Engineering Education
Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 2017, 10, 591-604 http://www.scirp.org/journal/jsea ISSN Online: 1945-3124 ISSN Print: 1945-3116 Applying Fuzzy Rule-Based System on FMEA to Assess the
More informationA Reinforcement Learning Variant for Control Scheduling
A Reinforcement Learning Variant for Control Scheduling Aloke Guha Honeywell Sensor and System Development Center 3660 Technology Drive Minneapolis MN 55417 Abstract We present an algorithm based on reinforcement
More informationREVIEW OF CONNECTED SPEECH
Language Learning & Technology http://llt.msu.edu/vol8num1/review2/ January 2004, Volume 8, Number 1 pp. 24-28 REVIEW OF CONNECTED SPEECH Title Connected Speech (North American English), 2000 Platform
More informationA Pipelined Approach for Iterative Software Process Model
A Pipelined Approach for Iterative Software Process Model Ms.Prasanthi E R, Ms.Aparna Rathi, Ms.Vardhani J P, Mr.Vivek Krishna Electronics and Radar Development Establishment C V Raman Nagar, Bangalore-560093,
More informationIntroduction and Motivation
1 Introduction and Motivation Mathematical discoveries, small or great are never born of spontaneous generation. They always presuppose a soil seeded with preliminary knowledge and well prepared by labour,
More informationFocus of the Unit: Much of this unit focuses on extending previous skills of multiplication and division to multi-digit whole numbers.
Approximate Time Frame: 3-4 weeks Connections to Previous Learning: In fourth grade, students fluently multiply (4-digit by 1-digit, 2-digit by 2-digit) and divide (4-digit by 1-digit) using strategies
More informationGeo Risk Scan Getting grips on geotechnical risks
Geo Risk Scan Getting grips on geotechnical risks T.J. Bles & M.Th. van Staveren Deltares, Delft, the Netherlands P.P.T. Litjens & P.M.C.B.M. Cools Rijkswaterstaat Competence Center for Infrastructure,
More informationConceptual Framework: Presentation
Meeting: Meeting Location: International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board New York, USA Meeting Date: December 3 6, 2012 Agenda Item 2B For: Approval Discussion Information Objective(s) of Agenda
More informationMontana Content Standards for Mathematics Grade 3. Montana Content Standards for Mathematical Practices and Mathematics Content Adopted November 2011
Montana Content Standards for Mathematics Grade 3 Montana Content Standards for Mathematical Practices and Mathematics Content Adopted November 2011 Contents Standards for Mathematical Practice: Grade
More informationGrade 6: Correlated to AGS Basic Math Skills
Grade 6: Correlated to AGS Basic Math Skills Grade 6: Standard 1 Number Sense Students compare and order positive and negative integers, decimals, fractions, and mixed numbers. They find multiples and
More informationTHE VIRTUAL WELDING REVOLUTION HAS ARRIVED... AND IT S ON THE MOVE!
THE VIRTUAL WELDING REVOLUTION HAS ARRIVED... AND IT S ON THE MOVE! VRTEX 2 The Lincoln Electric Company MANUFACTURING S WORKFORCE CHALLENGE Anyone who interfaces with the manufacturing sector knows this
More informationExtending Place Value with Whole Numbers to 1,000,000
Grade 4 Mathematics, Quarter 1, Unit 1.1 Extending Place Value with Whole Numbers to 1,000,000 Overview Number of Instructional Days: 10 (1 day = 45 minutes) Content to Be Learned Recognize that a digit
More informationStatewide Framework Document for:
Statewide Framework Document for: 270301 Standards may be added to this document prior to submission, but may not be removed from the framework to meet state credit equivalency requirements. Performance
More informationMultimedia Courseware of Road Safety Education for Secondary School Students
Multimedia Courseware of Road Safety Education for Secondary School Students Hanis Salwani, O 1 and Sobihatun ur, A.S 2 1 Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia, hanisalwani89@hotmail.com 2 Universiti Utara
More informationModeling user preferences and norms in context-aware systems
Modeling user preferences and norms in context-aware systems Jonas Nilsson, Cecilia Lindmark Jonas Nilsson, Cecilia Lindmark VT 2016 Bachelor's thesis for Computer Science, 15 hp Supervisor: Juan Carlos
More informationAnswers To Hawkes Learning Systems Intermediate Algebra
Answers To Hawkes Learning Free PDF ebook Download: Answers To Download or Read Online ebook answers to hawkes learning systems intermediate algebra in PDF Format From The Best User Guide Database Double
More informationTOPICS LEARNING OUTCOMES ACTIVITES ASSESSMENT Numbers and the number system
Curriculum Overview Mathematics 1 st term 5º grade - 2010 TOPICS LEARNING OUTCOMES ACTIVITES ASSESSMENT Numbers and the number system Multiplies and divides decimals by 10 or 100. Multiplies and divide
More informationMASTER OF SCIENCE (M.S.) MAJOR IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
Master of Science (M.S.) Major in Computer Science 1 MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.S.) MAJOR IN COMPUTER SCIENCE Major Program The programs in computer science are designed to prepare students for doctoral research,
More informationPROFESSIONAL TREATMENT OF TEACHERS AND STUDENT ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT. James B. Chapman. Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia
PROFESSIONAL TREATMENT OF TEACHERS AND STUDENT ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT by James B. Chapman Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment
More informationENME 605 Advanced Control Systems, Fall 2015 Department of Mechanical Engineering
ENME 605 Advanced Control Systems, Fall 2015 Department of Mechanical Engineering Lecture Details Instructor Course Objectives Tuesday and Thursday, 4:00 pm to 5:15 pm Information Technology and Engineering
More informationMeasurement & Analysis in the Real World
Measurement & Analysis in the Real World Tools for Cleaning Messy Data Will Hayes SEI Robert Stoddard SEI Rhonda Brown SEI Software Solutions Conference 2015 November 16 18, 2015 Copyright 2015 Carnegie
More informationEvolution of Symbolisation in Chimpanzees and Neural Nets
Evolution of Symbolisation in Chimpanzees and Neural Nets Angelo Cangelosi Centre for Neural and Adaptive Systems University of Plymouth (UK) a.cangelosi@plymouth.ac.uk Introduction Animal communication
More informationCOMMUNICATION-BASED SYSTEMS
COMMUNICATION-BASED SYSTEMS COMMUNICATION-BASED SYSTEMS Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop held at the TU Berlin, Germany, 31 March - 1 April 2000 Edited by GÜNTER HOMMEL Technische Universität
More informationEQuIP Review Feedback
EQuIP Review Feedback Lesson/Unit Name: On the Rainy River and The Red Convertible (Module 4, Unit 1) Content Area: English language arts Grade Level: 11 Dimension I Alignment to the Depth of the CCSS
More informationHuman Factors Computer Based Training in Air Traffic Control
Paper presented at Ninth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Columbus, Ohio, USA, April 28th to May 1st 1997. Human Factors Computer Based Training in Air Traffic Control A. Bellorini 1, P.
More informationSubmission of a Doctoral Thesis as a Series of Publications
Submission of a Doctoral Thesis as a Series of Publications In exceptional cases, and on approval by the Faculty Higher Degree Committee, a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy may submit a
More informationSouth Carolina English Language Arts
South Carolina English Language Arts A S O F J U N E 2 0, 2 0 1 0, T H I S S TAT E H A D A D O P T E D T H E CO M M O N CO R E S TAT E S TA N DA R D S. DOCUMENTS REVIEWED South Carolina Academic Content
More informationSAM - Sensors, Actuators and Microcontrollers in Mobile Robots
Coordinating unit: Teaching unit: Academic year: Degree: ECTS credits: 2017 230 - ETSETB - Barcelona School of Telecommunications Engineering 710 - EEL - Department of Electronic Engineering BACHELOR'S
More informationSTA 225: Introductory Statistics (CT)
Marshall University College of Science Mathematics Department STA 225: Introductory Statistics (CT) Course catalog description A critical thinking course in applied statistical reasoning covering basic
More informationWe are strong in research and particularly noted in software engineering, information security and privacy, and humane gaming.
Computer Science 1 COMPUTER SCIENCE Office: Department of Computer Science, ECS, Suite 379 Mail Code: 2155 E Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80208 Phone: 303-871-2458 Email: info@cs.du.edu Web Site: Computer
More informationSpeech Recognition at ICSI: Broadcast News and beyond
Speech Recognition at ICSI: Broadcast News and beyond Dan Ellis International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley CA Outline 1 2 3 The DARPA Broadcast News task Aspects of ICSI
More informationAbstractions and the Brain
Abstractions and the Brain Brian D. Josephson Department of Physics, University of Cambridge Cavendish Lab. Madingley Road Cambridge, UK. CB3 OHE bdj10@cam.ac.uk http://www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/~bdj10 ABSTRACT
More informationAdvanced Grammar in Use
Advanced Grammar in Use A self-study reference and practice book for advanced learners of English Third Edition with answers and CD-ROM cambridge university press cambridge, new york, melbourne, madrid,
More informationA SURVEY OF FUZZY COGNITIVE MAP LEARNING METHODS
A SURVEY OF FUZZY COGNITIVE MAP LEARNING METHODS Wociech Stach, Lukasz Kurgan, and Witold Pedrycz Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
More informationDesigning a Rubric to Assess the Modelling Phase of Student Design Projects in Upper Year Engineering Courses
Designing a Rubric to Assess the Modelling Phase of Student Design Projects in Upper Year Engineering Courses Thomas F.C. Woodhall Masters Candidate in Civil Engineering Queen s University at Kingston,
More informationIMPLEMENTING EUROPEAN UNION EDUCATION AND TRAINING POLICY
IMPLEMENTING EUROPEAN UNION EDUCATION AND TRAINING POLICY Implementing European Union Education and Training Policy A Comparative Study of Issues in Four Member States Edited by David Phillips Department
More informationPM tutor. Estimate Activity Durations Part 2. Presented by Dipo Tepede, PMP, SSBB, MBA. Empowering Excellence. Powered by POeT Solvers Limited
PM tutor Empowering Excellence Estimate Activity Durations Part 2 Presented by Dipo Tepede, PMP, SSBB, MBA This presentation is copyright 2009 by POeT Solvers Limited. All rights reserved. This presentation
More informationOPTIMIZATINON OF TRAINING SETS FOR HEBBIAN-LEARNING- BASED CLASSIFIERS
OPTIMIZATINON OF TRAINING SETS FOR HEBBIAN-LEARNING- BASED CLASSIFIERS Václav Kocian, Eva Volná, Michal Janošek, Martin Kotyrba University of Ostrava Department of Informatics and Computers Dvořákova 7,
More information