Contributors. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

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1 Contributors Lindsay Alfano, PT, DPT, PCS Center for Gene Therapy/Clinical Therapies Nationwide Children s Hospital Columbus, Ohio Deborah Anderson, PT, MS, PCS Physical Therapy Program Midwestern University Downers Grove, Illinois Heather Atkinson, PT, DPT, NCS Clinical Specialist The Children s Hospital of Philadelphia Donna Bernhardt Bainbridge, PT, EdD, ATC Special Olympics Senior Global Advisor for FUNfitness and Fitness Programming Adjunct Faculty University of Indianapolis Stacey DiBiaso Caviston, PT, DPT, PCS Acute Care Team Leader Physical Therapy Department The Children s Hospital of Philadelphia Donna J. Cech, PT, DHS, PCS Program Director and Physical Therapy Program Midwestern University Downers Grove, Illinois Lisa Ann Chiarello, PT, PhD, PCS Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences Drexel University xiii

2 xiv Contributors Susan K. Effgen, PT, PhD, FAPTA Department of Rehabilitation Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky Alyssa LaForme Fiss, PT, PhD, PCS Department of Physical Therapy Mercer University Atlanta, Georgia Jennifer Furze, PT, DPT, PCS Department of Physical Therapy Creighton University Omaha, Nebraska Caroline Goulet, PT, PhD Director of Physical Therapy University of the Incarnate Word San Antonio, Texas Janice Howman, PT, DPT, ACCE and Academic Coordinator of Clinical Education School of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences Division of Physical Therapy Ohio University Athens, Ohio Maria A. Jones, PT, PhD Clinical Department of Rehabilitation Sciences College of Allied Health University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Marcia K. Kaminker, PT, DPT, PCS Chair, School-Based Special Interest Group APTA s Section on Pediatrics Department of Student Services South Brunswick Township Public Schools South Brunswick, New Jersey Jane O Regan Kleinert, PhD, CCC-SLP Department of Rehabilitation Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky Linda Pax Lowes, PT, PhD Nationwide Children s Hospital Center for Gene Therapy/Clinical Therapies Columbus, Ohio Victoria Gocha Marchese, PT, PhD of Physical Therapy Lebanon Valley College Annville, Pennsylvania Suzanne F. Migliore, PT, DPT, PCS Clinical Practice Coordinator Center Coordinator for Clinical Education Coordinator, Residency Program The Children s Hospital of Philadelphia Margo N. Orlin, PT, PhD and Interim Chair Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences Drexel University Shree Devi Pandya, PT, DPT Neurology and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Rochester Rochester, New York Mary Jo Paris, PT, DPT Physical Therapist DeKalb County School System Stone Mountain, Georgia Trina Puddefoot, PT, MS, PCS, ATP Program Director Early Steps Program at Health Planning Council of Southwest Florida, Inc. Fort Myers, Florida Rachel Unanue Rose, PT, PhD, PCS of Physical Therapy School of Health Professions Maryville University St. Louis, Missouri Carole A. Tucker, PT, PhD, PCS, RCEP Department of Physical Therapy Temple College of Health Professions and Social Work Joanne Valvano, PT, PhD Physical Therapy Program University of Colorado Research Coordinator, Center for Gait and Movement Analysis Children s Hospital Colorado Denver, Colorado

3 Reviewers Wendy Bircher, PT, EdD Director Physical Therapist Assistant Program San Juan College Farmington, NM Claudia B. Fenderson, PT, EdD, PCS Doctor of Physical Therapy Program Mercy College Dobbs Ferry, NY Caroline Goulet, PT, PhD Director of Physical Therapy University of the Incarnate Word San Antonio, TX Patricia S. Hodson, PT, DPT, PCS Clinical, Director of Clinical Education Physical Therapy East Carolina University Greenville, NC Kristin J. Krosschell, PT, MA, PCS Department of Physcial Therapy & Human Movement Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL xv

4 xvi Reviewers Jennifer Lander, EdD, PT Physical Therapy Department Armstrong Atlantic State University Savannah, GA Sandra M. Marden-Lokken, MA, PT Physical Therapy The College of St. Scholastica Duluth, MN Marie A. Reilly, PT, PhD Clinical Department of Allied Health Science Division of Physcial Therapy University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC Judith C. Vestal, PhD, LOTR School of Allied Health Professions Louisiana State University Shreveport, LA

5 Contents SECTION 1 Foundations of Service Delivery 1, Section Editor CHAPTER 1 Serving the Needs of Children and Their Families 3, and JANICE HOWMAN, PT, DPT, MED, ACCE CHAPTER 2 Child Development 41 CHAPTER 3 Child Appraisal: Examination and Evaluation 107, and JANICE HOWMAN, PT, DPT, MED, ACCE CHAPTER 4 Family-Centered Care 153 LISA ANN CHIARELLO, PT, PHD, PCS xvii

6 xviii Contents SECTION 2 Systems 181, Section Editor CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 Musculoskeletal System: Structure, Function, and Evaluation 183 MARGO N. ORLIN, PT, PHD, and LINDA PAX LOWES, PT, PHD Musculoskeletal System: Considerations and Interventions for Specific Pediatric Pathologies 219 LINDA PAX LOWES, PT, PHD, LINDSAY ALFANO, PT, DPT, PCS, and MARGO N. ORLIN, PT, PHD Neuromuscular System: Examination, Evaluation, and Diagnoses 269 CAROLINE GOULET, PT, PHD, and JENNIFER FURZE, PT, DPT, PCS CHAPTER 8 Neuromuscular System: The Plan of Care 347 JOANNE VALVANO, PT, PHD, and ALYSSA LAFORME FISS, PT, PHD, PCS CHAPTER 9 Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems 389 CAROLE A. TUCKER, PT, PHD, PCS, RCEP CHAPTER 10 Integumentary System 441 SUZANNE F. MIGLIORE, PT, DPT, PCS SECTION 3 Service Delivery Settings 473, Section Editor CHAPTER 11 Early Intervention 475 JANE O REGAN KLEINERT, PHD, CCC-SLP, and CHAPTER 12 Schools 495 CHAPTER 13 Sports Settings for the School-Aged Child 515 DONNA BERNHARDT BAINBRIDGE, PT, EDD, ATC CHAPTER 14 Pediatric Acute-Care Hospital 543 STACEY DIBIASO CAVISTON, PT, DPT, PCS, and SUZANNE MIGLIORE, PT, DPT, PCS

7 Contents xix CHAPTER 15 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit 565 RACHEL UNANUE ROSE, PT, PHD, PCS CHAPTER 16 Rehabilitation Settings 583 HEATHER ATKINSON, PT, DPT, NCS CHAPTER 17 CHAPTER 18 Assistive Technology: Positioning and Mobility 599 MARIA A. JONES, PT, PHD, and TRINA PUDDEFOOT, PT, MS, PCS, ATP Assistive Technology: Augmentative Communication and Other Technologies 621 MARIA A. JONES, PT, PHD, and TRINA PUDDEFOOT, PT, MS, PCS, ATP SECTION 4 Case Studies 635 DONNA J. CECH, PT, DHS, PCS, Section Editor CHAPTER 19 Case Study: Cerebral Palsy 637 DONNA J. CECH, PT, DHS, PCS CHAPTER 20 Case Study: Cystic Fibrosis 655 CAROLE A. TUCKER, PT, PHD, PCS CHAPTER 21 Case Study: Down Syndrome 669 ALYSSA LAFORME FISS, PT, PHD, PCS, and CHAPTER 22 Case Study: Pediatric Leukemia 689 VICTORIA GOCHA MARCHESE, PT, PHD CHAPTER 23 Case Study: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 701 SHREE DEVI PANDYA, PT, DPT, and MARCIA K. KAMINKER, PT, DPT, PCS CHAPTER 24 Case Study: Developmental Coordination Disorder 721 DEBORAH ANDERSON, PT, MS, PCS CHAPTER 25 Case Study: Myelodysplasia 739 MARY JO PARIS, PT, DPT Index 759