COMPOSITION S T U D I E S INTHE AMERICAN COLLEGE, THE ORIGINS OF John C. Brevet on, Editor A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY

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1 THE ORIGINS OF COMPOSITION S T U D I E S INTHE AMERICAN COLLEGE, A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY John C. Brevet on, Editor University of Pittsburgh Press Pittsburgh and London

2 Contents Preface xi Acknowledgments xix 1. Introduction 3 2. The First Composition Program: Harvard, Rollo Walter Brown, Dean Briggs (1926) 28 Three Harvard Catalogue Course Descriptions from Twenty Years of School and College English (1896) 33 Adams Sherman Hill, "An Answer to the Cry for More English" (1879) 45 Le Baron Russell Briggs, "The Harvard Admission Examination in English," The Academy (1888) 57 Charles Francis Adams, Edwin Lawrence Godkin, and Josiah Quincy, Report of the Committee on Composition and Rhetoric (1892) 73 Charles Francis Adams, Edwin Lawrence Godkin, and George R. Nutter, Report of the Committee on Composition and Rhetoric (1897) 101 Barrett Wendell, "English at Harvard University," in English in American Universities, Edited by William Morton Payne (1895) The New Writing Curriculum, T 3 2 John Franklin Genung, The Study of Rhetoric in the College Course (1887) 133 William Morton Payne, Editor, English in American Universities, by Professors in the English Departments of Twenty Representative Institutions (1895) 157 Yale University: Albert Stanburrough Cook 160 Stanford University: Melville B. Anderson 161 University of Iowa: Edward Everett Hale Jr. 164 Indiana University: Martin Wright Sampson 166 University of California: Charles Mills Gayley 168

3 Via Amherst College: John Franklin Genung 172 University of Michigan: Fred Newton Scott 177 University of Nebraska: Lucius Adelno Sherman 181 University of Pennsylvania: Felix Emanuel Schelling 182 Wellesley College: Katherine Lee Bates 183 University of Minnesota: George MacLean 185 William Edward Mead, "Report of the Pedagogical Section: The Graduate Study of Rhetoric," PMLA 16 (1901) 186 William Edward Mead, "Report of the Pedagogical Section: The Undergraduate Study of English Composition," PMLA 17 (1902) 202 William Edward Mead, "Report of the Pedagogical Section: Conflicting Ideals in the Teaching of English," PMLA 18 (1903) 217 Karl Young, "The Organization of a Course in Freshman English," English Journal 4 (1915) The Attack on the Harvard Program, "Two Ways of Teaching English," Century Magazine 51 (1896) 238 Gertrude Buck, "Recent Tendencies in the Teaching of English Composition," Educational Review 22 (1901) 241 Lane Cooper, "On the Teaching of Written Composition," Education 30 (1910) 251 Thomas Raynesford Lounsbury, "Compulsory Composition in Colleges," Harper's Monthly 123 (1911) 261 William Lyon Phelps, "English Composition," in Teaching in School and College (1912) 287 Lane Cooper, "The Correction of Papers," English Journal 3 (1914) 291 Frank Aydelotte, "The History of English as a College Subject in the United States," in The Oxford Stamp and Other Essays: Articles from the Educational Creed of an American Oxonian (1917) 300 Bliss Perry, And Gladly Teach (1935) Textbooks for a New Discipline 313 Edwin A. Abbott, How to Write Clearly: Rules and Exercises on English Composition (1875) 3i6 Adams Sherman Hill, The Principles of Rhetoric and Their Application (1878) 320 John Franklin Genung, The Practical Elements of Rhetoric with Illustrative Examples (1885) 327 Barrett Wendell, English Composition, Eight Lectures Given at the Lowell Institute (1891) 332 Fred Newton Scott and Joseph Villiers Denney, Paragraph-Writing (1893) 343 Luella Clay Carson, Compilation of Standard Rules and Regulations Used by the English Department of the University of Oregon (1898) 353

4 IX Edwin Campbell Woolley, Handbook of Composition (1907) 358 SIX MODERN READERS, Lane Cooper, Theories of Style: With Especial Reference to Prose Composition (i9w) 373 Frances Campbell Berkeley, A College Course in Writing from Models (1910) 378 Harrison Ross Steeves and Frank Humphrey Ristine, Editors, Representative Essays in Modern Thought: A Basis for Composition (1913) 386 Norman Foerster, Frederick A. Manchester, and Karl Young, Essays for College Men (1913) 390 Norman Foerster, Frederick A. Manchester, and Karl Young, Essays for College Men, Second Series (1915) 391 Maurice Garland Fulton, Expository Writing (1912) 392 William Strunk Jr., The Elements of Style (1918) 406 Norman Foerster and John Marcellus Steadman Jr., Sentences and Thinking: A Practice Book in Sentence Making (1914) 415 John Matthews Manly and Edith Rickert, The Writing of English (1919) Writing the Essay 437 Examinations from Adams Sherman Hill's English A for the Academic Year Barrett Wendell, "Note for Teachers," in English Composition, Eight Lectures Given at the Lowell Institute (1894) 446 James Morgan Hart, A Handbook of English Composition (1895) 450 Robert Grosvenor Valentine, "On Criticism of Themes by Students," Technology Review 2 (1901) 458 University of Illinois, "Outline of Rhetoric I" (1907) 470 University of Minnesota, "Instructions to Students in Rhetoric 1-2" (1913) 472 Frances Berkeley Young and Karl Young, Freshman English: A Manual (1914) 477 Thirteen Themes from Franklin William Scott and Jacob Zeitlin, College Readings in English Prose (1914) 491 Ten 1891 Harvard First-Year Composition Essays, from Charles Francis Adams, Edwin Lawrence Godkin, and Josiah Quincy, Report of the Committee on Composition and Rhetoric (1892) 506 Eight Harvard Themes from C. T. Copeland and H. M. Rideout, Freshman English and Theme-Correcting in Harvard College (1901) 514 A University of Wisconsin First-Year Student Essay from Edwin C. Woolley, "Admission to Freshman English in the University," English Journal 3 (1914) 525 Two Anonymous Themes Presented as Samples of Proficient First-Year College Writing (1912) 526 Six University of California Placement Essays from Howard Eugene Potter, Abilities and Disabilities in the Use of English Found in the Written Compositions of Entering Freshmen at the University of California (1922) 528

5 X Seven Purdue Papers from Herbert LeSourd Creek and James Hugh McKee, "The Preparation in English of Purdue Freshmen," Purdue Studies in Higher Education 5 (1926) Conclusion 545 Warner Taylor, A National Survey of Conditions in Freshman English (1929) 545 Bibliography 563 Index