Matthew J. Gray V. Gregory Chinchar. Editors. Ranaviruses. Lethal Pathogens of Ectothermic Vertebrates

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1 Ranaviruses

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3 Matthew J. Gray V. Gregory Chinchar Editors Ranaviruses Lethal Pathogens of Ectothermic Vertebrates

4 Editors Matthew J. Gray Center for Wildlife Health Department of Forest, Wildlife, and Fisheries University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN, USA V. Gregory Chinchar Department of Microbiology University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, MS, USA ISBN DOI / ISBN (ebook) Library of Congress Control Number: Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London The Editor(s) (if applicable) and the Author(s) The book is published with open access at SpringerLink.com Open Access This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License, which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. All commercial rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (

5 Ranaviruses are a group of emerging pathogens responsible for mass die-offs of amphibians, fish, and reptiles in captive and wild populations across the globe. Global commerce of ectothermic vertebrate species and stressors may be contributing to emergence of these pathogens. Photo credits ( clockwise from top left ): Matthew Allender, Nathaniel Wheelwright, Matthew Neimiller, Jonathan Kolby, Yi Geng, Yi Geng, Jonathan Kolby, and Rolando Mazzoni. Artwork by Jeanne Jones. v

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7 Contents Introduction: History and Future of Ranaviruses... 1 Matthew J. Gray and V. Gregory Chinchar Distribution and Host Range of Ranaviruses... 9 Amanda L.J. Duffus, Thomas B. Waltzek, Anke C. Stöhr, Matthew C. Allender, Michael Gotesman, Richard J. Whittington, Paul Hick, Megan K. Hines, and Rachel E. Marschang Ranavirus Taxonomy and Phylogeny James K. Jancovich, Natalie K. Steckler, and Thomas B. Waltzek Ranavirus Ecology and Evolution: from Epidemiology to Extinction Jesse L. Brunner, Andrew Storfer, Matthew J. Gray, and Jason T. Hoverman Ranavirus Replication: Molecular, Cellular, and Immunological Events James K. Jancovich, Qiwei Qin, Qi-Ya Zhang, and V. Gregory Chinchar Ranavirus Host Immunity and Immune Evasion Leon Grayfer, Eva-Stina Edholm, Francisco De Jesús Andino, V. Gregory Chinchar, and Jacques Robert Comparative Pathology of Ranaviruses and Diagnostic Techniques Debra L. Miller, Allan P. Pessier, Paul Hick, and Richard J. Whittington Design and Analysis of Ranavirus Studies: Surveillance and Assessing Risk Matthew J. Gray, Jesse L. Brunner, Julia E. Earl, and Ellen Ariel Index vii

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9 Contributors Matthew C. Allender Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA Francisco De Jesús Andino Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA Ellen Ariel College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia Jesse L. Brunner School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA V. Gregory Chinchar Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA Amanda L.J. Duffus Department of Biology, Gordon State College, Barnesville, GA, USA Julia E. Earl National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA Eva-Stina Edholm Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA Michael Gotesman Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Matthew J. Gray Center for Wildlife Health, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA Leon Grayfer Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA Paul Hick Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia ix

10 x Contributors Megan K. Hines University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA Jason T. Hoverman Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA James K. Jancovich Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, San Marcos, CA, USA Rachel E. Marschang Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany Debra L. Miller Center for Wildlife Health and Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA Allan P. Pessier Institution for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo, San Diego, CA, USA Qiwei Qin Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China Jacques Robert Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA Natalie K. Steckler Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Anke C. Stöhr Institute of Environmental and Animal Hygiene, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Andrew Storfer School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA Thomas B. Waltzek Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Richard J. Whittington Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Qi-Ya Zhang State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China