Dr. Marjorie Peace Lenn Executive Director Center for Quality Assurance in International Education Washington, D.C.

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1 Dr. Marjorie Peace Lenn Executive Director Center for Quality Assurance in International Education Washington, D.C. ISO/IEC Conference Washington, DC October 6, 2005

2 African Proverb Every Morning in Africa, a gazelle wakes up. It knows it must run faster than the fastest lion or it will be killed. Every morning a lion wakes up. It knows it must outrun the slowest gazelle or it will starve to death. It doesn t matter whether you are a lion and a gazelle. When the sun comes up, you better start running

3 THE ESSENCE OF THE PROVERB MOBILITY IS GOOD

4 KNOWLEDGE has become the single most important factor in economic development and global competitiveness

5 Higher Education Concerns 1. Appropriate Objectives 2. Good Management 3. Effective Operations (Good Outcomes) = Quality Assurance/ Accreditation

6 Profession s Concerns 1. Code of Conduct/Ethics 2. Keeping Current in Practice 3. Mobility = Competency Assurance/ Certification & Licensure

7 QUALITY & COMPETENCY ASSURANCE ASSIST MOBILITY BY: SETTING THE STANDARDS PROVIDING STRUCTURE FOR IMPROVEMENT, PLANNING & REFORM ENABLING USERS/CLIENTS TO MAKE CHOICES AND DECISIONS

8 MOBILITY THROUGH ACCESS

9 ACCESS Global Supply of Learners Year Global Asia M 17M M 87M Source: International Education: Australia s s Potential Demand & Supply, IDB

10 Tertiary Enrollment Ratios, 1995

11 Transnational Education Branch Campuses Study Abroad Franchises Twinning Distance Education Corporate Programs

12 Share of Enrollment in Private Higher Education (percent) Note: In the few Western European countries which have a high proportion of enrollments in private institutions (for example, Belgium and the Netherlands), higher education continues to be almost entirely financed by the state which subsidizes both public and private higher education institutions. Source: World Bank 2003

13 Transnational Education in China December 28, China's first national legislation on private education March "Regulations on Sino-Foreign Cooperation in Running Schools." July 1, "Guidelines for Implementing regulations on Sino- Foreign Cooperation in Running Schools."

14 Largest Importers Canada France Germany United Kingdom United States (63% of 1.2 million market) UNESCO

15 Largest Exporters Australia 4 billion $ United Kingdom 3 billion $ United States 13 billion $ Sources: DETYA, USTR, COMMERCE

16 U.S. Top Ten Services Exports Travel $71.3 bill Transportation... $45.5 bill Financial Svcs... $16.5 bill Commercial, Professional & Technical Svcs. $16.3 bill Education and Training Services. $13.0 bill Entertainment.. $ 7.1 bill Information Svcs. $ 4.0 bill Telecom $ 3.7 bill Equip Installation, Maintenance & Repair... $ 3.7 bill Healthcare... $ 1.2 bill Source: International Trade Administration, US Department of Commerce

17 TRADE IN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES AUSTRALIA UK USA 3 RD 4 TH 5 TH CANADA 3 RD pillar of foreign policy

18 Regionalism s Effect on Mobility More outward-looking stance Greater liberalization of national policy Equal partnership with other countries Source: Regional Integration, World Bank, 2003

19 Higher Education & the Professions: Impact of the Trade Agreements National higher education policy liberalization; Common standards for professional education; Cross-border provision on higher education by private providers; and Mutual recognition of academic credentials

20 MUTUAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS - MRA s -

21 Regional Free Trade Agreements: Toward MRA s MERCOSUR Engineering, Medicine, Agronomy EU European Consortium for Accreditation in Higher Education (ECA)

22 Regional Free Trade Agreements: Toward MRA s APEC Engineering & Architecture US-CANADA Medicine, Engineering, Dentistry, Accountancy

23 International Professional Organization MRA s Engineering Washington Architecture IUA Accord Nurse Anesthesia IFNA

24 International Activity of U.S. Accrediting Agencies Internationally Shared Standards Internationally Shared Process International Engagements with Professional Counterparts Involvement in Bilateral or Multilateral Agreements

25 Regional QA Organizations Europe: ENQA, ECA and TEMPUS- MEDA, CEEN, EAQN Central America: CCA and CSUCA Latin America & Spain: RIACES and MERCOSUR Caribbean (English Speaking): CANQATE Asia Pacific: APQN Canada: AAAC USA: ASPA, CHEA, IRAC Middle East and North Africa: Arab States Quality Assurance Network

26 REGIONAL OR GLOBAL? WHEN WILL THERE BE REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF CERTIFICATION BODIES OR WILL YOU SKIP A STEP AND SIMPLY GO GLOBAL?

27 CQAIE Global Activity: National Quality & Competency Assurance Capacity Building

28 GLOBALIZING PROFESSIONS & CQAIE Allied Health (Latin America) Occupational Therapy (Also Europe) Physical Therapy (Also Europe) Speech Language Hearing Management & Accounting (Global, CE Europe & Middle East) Engineering Asia) Architecture Medicine Counseling Law Psychology Nursing (Global, Latin America, Middle East & (Global & Asia) (Eastern Europe) (Global) (Eastern Europe) (NAFTA) Nurse Anesthesia (Global) Dietetics Journalism Music (NAFTA, Middle East & Asia) (Global) (Americas) (Asia, Europe, Middle East Teacher Education (Global & Middle East)

29 Professional Accreditation and Certification: Gateways to Quality and Mobility in the Americas June, 2006 San Jose, Costa Rica 2004 in Mexico City 2005 in Santiago, Chile

30 THE WTO AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN EDUCATION SERVICES: The Opportunities & Challenges of Transnational Higher Education An International Forum Held in Conjunction with the WTO Ministerial Lam Woo Conference Centre December 2005 Hong Kong

31 CQAIE Global Activity: National Quality & Competency Assurance Capacity Building AMERICAS Mexico, English Speaking Caribbean, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia Regional Coordination: Organization of American States, Inter American Press Association AFRICA Egypt, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa Regional Coordination: Association of African Universities, South African Universities Vice Chancellors Association MIDDLE EAST Egypt,, Israel, Jordan, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates Regional Coordination: GCC, World Bank

32 CQAIE Global Activity: National Quality & Competency Assurance Capacity Building ASIA Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, People s Republic of China, Thailand, Vietnam Regional Coordination: World Bank, UNDP, OECD, Chinese Society for Evaluation of Higher Education, Asia Pacific Quality Network EUROPE Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Estonia, Sweden, Balkans, Switzerland, Greece Regional Coordination: The World Bank, UNESCO, Council of Europe, OECD, Soros Foundation, US Department of State

33 INQAAHE International Network of Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education 1991: 8 countries 2004: 65 countries Principles of Good Practice

34 National Quality Assurance Agencies: A Global View 1991 Canada USA Hong Kong

35 National Quality Assurance Agencies: A Global View 2005 courtesy of OECD/CERI

36 Asia Pacific Quality Network World Bank Grant Demonstration Project Regional Quality Assurance Services Regional Pool of External Reviewers Regional Information Clearinghouse Regional Staff Exchanges Regional Training and Development Liaison Functions with Regional and Global Organizations

37 How Not to Globalize a Profession Multiple levels of practice Uncommon Standards for Education & Practice Emphasis on Inputs rather than Outcomes Multiple routes to Accreditation and Certification Accreditation & Certification not communicating Immature or multiple International Organization(s) Protectionism vs. Globalism

38 Key Mobility Lessons The Professions are Globalizing Countries Need to Keep Pace by Strengthening National Professional Bodies Gain Strength through Regional Cooperation Rely on Sound World Class Standards for Education & Practice (World Competencies)