Understanding Automotive Electronics

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1 1 Understanding Automotive Electronics

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3 Understanding Automotive Electronics Fifth Edition By: With Contributions to Previous Editions by: William B. Ribbens, Ph.D. Norman P. Mansour Gerald Luecke Charles W. Battle Edward C. Jones Leslie E. Mansir 3 Newnes Boston, Oxford, Johannesburg, Melbourne, New Delhi, Singapore

4 Newnes is an imprint of Butterworth Heinemann. Copyright 1998 by Butterworth Heinemann A member of the Reed Elsevier group All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Butterworth Heinemann prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Butterworth Heinemann supports the efforts of American Forests and the Global ReLeaf program in its campaign for the betterment of trees, forests, and our environment. ISBN The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders of this book. For information, please contact: Manager of Special Sales Butterworth Heinemann 225 Wildwood Avenue Woburn, MA Tel: Fax: For information on all Butterworth Heinemann publications available, contact our World Wide Web home page at: Printed in the United States of America 4

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7 Contents Preface... ix Chapter 1 Automotive Fundamentals... 1 Quiz Chapter 2 The Systems Approach to Control and Instrumentation...29 Quiz Chapter 3 Electronics Fundamentals Quiz Chapter 4 Microcomputer Instrumentation and Control Quiz Chapter 5 The Basics of Electronic Engine Control Quiz Chapter 6 Sensors and Actuators Quiz Chapter 7 Digital Engine Control System Quiz Chapter 8 Vehicle Motion Control Quiz Chapter 9 Automotive Instrumentation Quiz Chapter 10 Diagnostics Quiz Chapter 11 Future Automotive Electronic Systems Quiz Glossary Index Answers to Quizzes UNDERSTANDING AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS vii

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9 Preface Since the introduction of electronics for emission control on engines, the evolution of electronics in automobiles has advanced rapidly. The pace of development has inspired four revisions of this book in roughly ten years to avoid obsolescence. Rarely in history have technical developments moved at such a pace. Electronics have recently been incorporated on new automotive subsystems and have become standard implementation on many others. Such features as antilock braking systems and airbags could only be achieved practically through the use of electronics. These features are rapidly becoming standard features owing to strong pressures in the highly competitive North American automotive market. The first edition of this book was devoted primarily to electronic engine control because this was the chief application at that time. A number of automotive systems which were discussed in the chapter on the future of automotive electronics in the second, third, and fourth editions are now in production. These systems are presented in the appropriate chapters of this fifth edition. This latest edition covers most of the automotive subsystems incorporating electronics except for entertainment systems. These systems have been omitted partly due to space limitations and because automotive entertainment systems are closely related to home entertainment systems, which are discussed in many excellent publications. In its revised form, this book explains automotive electronics as of the late 1990s. It should prepare the reader for an understanding of present as well as future developments in this field into at least the early part of the next century. William B. Ribbens November UNDERSTANDING AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS ix

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THE PROMOTION OF SOCIAL AWARENESS

THE PROMOTION OF SOCIAL AWARENESS Powerful Lessons from the Partnership of Developmental Theory and Classroom Practice Robert L. Selman Russell Sage Foundation New York The Russell Sage Foundation The