Fact Book on Higher Education 2009

Transcription

1 Fact Book on Higher Education 2009 Joseph L. Marks Alicia A. Diaz June 2009 Southern Regional Education Board th St. N.W. Atlanta, GA (404)

2 Challenge to Lead Goals for Education 1. All children are ready for the first grade. 2. Achievement in the early grades for all groups of students exceeds national averages and performance gaps are closed. 3. Achievement in the middle grades for all groups of students exceeds national averages and performance gaps are closed. 4. All young adults have a high school diploma or, if not, pass the GED tests. 5. All recent high school graduates have solid academic preparation and are ready for postsecondary education and a career. 6. Adults who are not high school graduates participate in literacy and job-skills training and further education. 7. The percentage of adults who earn postsecondary degrees or technical certificates exceeds national averages. 8. Every school has higher student performance and meets state academic standards for all students each year. 9. Every school has leadership that results in improved student performance and leadership begins with an effective school principal. 10. Every student is taught by qualified teachers. 11. The quality of colleges and universities is regularly assessed and funding is targeted to quality, efficiency and state needs. 12. The state places a high priority on an education system of schools, colleges and universities that is accountable. The Southern Regional Education Board has established these Goals for Education. They are built on the groundbreaking education goals SREB adopted in 1988 and on a decade-long effort to promote actions and measure progress. The goals raise further the sights of the 16 SREB states and challenge them to lead the nation. ii SREB Fact Book 2009

3 Foreword Helping more students earn college degrees and career credentials that lead to higherwage jobs is one of the most important priorities in public education. SREB states need to face this challenge especially as the economy slumps and our region s demographic profile changes rapidly. This is a time that demands all of us to make the best use of the limited resources of students, their families and states to keep students progressing toward college completion and preparation for the workplace. When the first SREB Fact Book on Higher Education was published in 1956, the SREB region was home to 30 percent of the U.S. population. About 5 percent of the region s adults had a bachelor s degree. By 2007, 25 percent of adults in SREB states had bachelor s degrees. By 2028, the SREB region is projected to be home to 39 percent of the U.S. population. What percentage will then have college degrees? Will that level of education keep the nation and region internationally competitive? The public, education leaders and policy-makers in every state need to know how far we ve come. More important, they need to keep up to date on the current trends that will shape and challenge the future we are building. SREB s long history of presenting comparative data and analysis to help states evaluate their standings and monitor their progress in education is a cornerstone of the organization s mission. The SREB Fact Book on Higher Education 2009 shows the demographic and economic trends that will help set the education agenda for the years ahead. We offer this edition as an important tool for understanding the issues that affect the future of education and the future of the SREB region and nation. Much of our region s population growth in the coming years will be among racial and ethnic minorities who traditionally have been the least likely to attend and graduate from college. Without more attention to helping students from traditionally underrepresented groups attend college and earn degrees, our region and the nation could see greater numbers of undereducated, working-age adults outpace the rise in more highly educated adults. We must work to help more students prepare for postsecondary education and have the academic and financial support necessary to complete four-year degrees, two-year degrees, career certificates and workplace training. This is how we can keep the educational progress of SREB states on the right track. Our states economic prospects and quality of life depend on it. Dave Spence President SREB Fact Book 2009 iii

4 Acknowledgments The most updated information in each edition of the SREB Fact Book on Higher Education comes from the annual SREB-State Data Exchange the backbone of the Fact Book. The SREB-State Data Exchange partners listed in Appendix B are the essential ingredient without which the Fact Book could not offer the comprehensive, up-to-date, comparative data that it does. Several organizations and federal agencies also are important sources of information: the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine; the American Medical Association; the Association of Research Libraries; the Center for Higher Education at Illinois State University; the College and University Professional Association for Human Resources; the National Association of State Student Grant and Aid Programs; the Institute for College Access and Success; the National Science Foundation; the U.S. Census Bureau; the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; The Chronicle of Higher Education; the Washington Office of The College Board; and various offices of the U.S. Department of Education, especially the National Center for Education Statistics, the Office of Postsecondary Education and the Office of Student Financial Assistance. The Fact Book is a team effort. The thoughtful suggestions of SREB Vice President of Education Policies Joan M. Lord, Vice President of State Services Gale Gaines and Director of Communications Alan Richard improved the book s topical focus and accuracy. Associate Director of Communications Lisa Johnston helped ensure accuracy and consistency, and Senior Designer and Production Manager Lety Jones designed and improved the look and usability of the Fact Book. iv SREB Fact Book 2009

5 Table of Contents Challenge to Lead Goals for Education ii Foreword iii Acknowledgments iv Introduction and SREB State Profiles Population and Economy Population Growth Percent of Adults With High School Diplomas or GED Credentials Percent of Adults With a Bachelor s or Higher Degree Percent of Racial and Ethnic Groups With a Bachelor s or Higher Degree, SREB States Adult Education Attainment of a Bachelor s or Higher Degree, Percent of Residents by Age Group, SREB States Recent and Projected Public High School Graduates, SREB States Tables 1. Total Population and Changes Education Attainment of the Adult Population Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Population Education Attainment of the Adult Population by Racial/Ethnic Group Education Attainment of Young, Working-Age Adults Median Annual Income of Households Age Distribution of the Population Public Prekindergarten, Elementary and Secondary School Enrollment High School Graduates Per Capita Income Poverty Rates in the Population and Among Children Nonagricultural Employment Percent Distribution of State and Local Government General Expenditures Percent Distribution of State and Local Government General Revenues State and Local Government General Revenues and Personal Income State and Local Government General Expenditures Employment and Unemployment in the Civilian Labor Force SREB Fact Book 2009 v

6 Enrollment...49 College Enrollment Growth Since College Enrollment Rates of Recent High School Graduates, Net Gain or Loss of First-Time College Students, Trend Toward Younger College Students, Total Enrollment in SREB States College Enrollment Increases, 1997 to College Enrollment Rates of 18- to 24-Year-Olds by Racial and Ethnic Group, United States, Two-Year Colleges as a Percent of Undergraduate Enrollment, Tables 18. Total Enrollment in Higher Education Estimated College Enrollment Rates of Recent High School Graduates Age Distribution of College Students Estimated College Enrollment Rates by Age Freshman Merit Scholars Enrollment in Four-Year Colleges and Universities Migration of First-Time Freshmen Enrollment of Women Enrollment of Men Enrollment of Black Students Enrollment of Hispanic Students Enrollment of White Students Enrollment in Two-Year Colleges Part-Time Enrollment Medical School Enrollment Undergraduate Enrollment Enrollment in Predominantly Black and Historically Black Colleges Graduate Enrollment First-Professional Enrollment Full-Time-Equivalent Enrollment in Public Colleges and Universities Percent of Instruction Through E-Learning vi SREB Fact Book 2009

7 Degrees...93 Average Annual Earnings of Adults Ages 25 or Older, United States, Projected Increases in Job Openings by Education or Training Required, United States, 2006 to Trends in Student Progression Rates, SREB States Graduation Rates by Racial and Ethnic Group, Public Colleges and Universities Degrees Earned, Public and Private Colleges, SREB States Women Graduates as a Percent of All Degrees Earned, SREB States Black Graduates as a Percent of All Degrees Earned, SREB States Hispanic Graduates as a Percent of All Degrees Earned, SREB States Tables 39. Graduation Rates in Public Universities and Colleges, by Racial/Ethnic Group First-Year Persistence, Progression and Graduation Rates in Public Universities, Colleges, and Technical Institutes or Colleges Associate s Degrees Awarded by Public and Private Colleges and Universities Associate s Degrees Awarded in Selected Fields Bachelor s Degrees Awarded by Public and Private Colleges and Universities Bachelor s Degrees Awarded in Selected Fields Master s Degrees Awarded by Public and Private Colleges and Universities Master s Degrees Awarded in Selected Fields Doctoral Degrees Awarded by Public and Private Colleges and Universities Doctoral Degrees Awarded in Selected Fields First-Professional Degrees Awarded by Public and Private Colleges and Universities First-Professional Degrees Awarded in Selected Fields Patents Issued to Colleges and Universities and Licensing Income Student Tuition and Financial Aid College Affordability Gap for a Student from a Median-Income Family, SREB States, Annual Undergraduate Costs of College Attendance, United States Percent of Income Required to Pay for One Year at a Public University, United States Percent of Tuition, Fees, Room and Board Covered by Maximum Federal Pell Grant, United States SREB Fact Book 2009 vii

8 Student Financial Aid and Loan Trends, United States Minimum Debt Burden of College Graduates Earning Bachelor s Degrees, Public Four-Year Colleges, Tables 52. Median Annual Tuition and Required Fees for Full-Time Undergraduate Students Percent of Median Family Incomes Required to Pay Median Annual Tuition and Fees Median Annual Tuition and Required Fees for Full-Time Undergraduate Students at Public Universities, Colleges, and Technical Institutes or Colleges Federal Pell Grants Federal Campus-Based Financial Aid to Students Federal Student Loan Programs First-Time Students Participation in Student Financial Aid and Loan Programs at Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities First-Time Students Participation in Student Financial Aid and Loan Programs at Public Two-Year Colleges State Scholarships, Grants and Other Financial Aid Funds Average Minimum Debt of College Graduates at Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities Faculty and Administrators Women Faculty and Administrators, SREB States Black and Hispanic Faculty and Administrators, SREB States Age Distribution of College Faculty Members, Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities, United States Projected U.S. Job Growth, 2006 to Growth of Part-Time Faculty and Teaching/Research Assistants, SREB States Changes in Annual Pay Average Salaries and Salary Changes, Full-Time Instructional Faculty at Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities, Average Salaries and Salary Changes, Full-Time Instructional Faculty at Public Two-Year Colleges, viii SREB Fact Book 2009

9 Tables 62. Women, Black and Hispanic Full-Time Faculty at Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities Women, Black and Hispanic Full-Time Faculty at Public Two-Year Colleges Women, Black and Hispanic Full-Time Administrators at Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities Women, Black and Hispanic Full-Time Administrators at Public Two-Year Colleges Staff at Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities Staff at Public Two-Year Colleges Part-Time Faculty and Teaching/Research Assistants as a Percent of Total Instructional Faculty at Public Colleges and Universities Percent Distribution of Full-Time Instructional Faculty by Rank at Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities Estimated Percent Distribution of Full-Time Faculty by Teaching Field at Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities Average Salaries of Full-Time Instructional Faculty at Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities Average Salaries of Full-Time Instructional Faculty at Public Two-Year Colleges and Technical Institutes or Colleges Average Salaries of Full-Time Instructional Faculty by Rank at Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities Average Salaries of Full-Time Instructional Faculty by Type of Public Four-Year College or University Estimated Average Salaries of Full-Time Faculty by Teaching Field at Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities Estimated Average Salaries of Full-Time Administrators at Public Colleges and Universities Estimated Average Salaries of Full-Time Administrators by Type of Public Four-Year College or University Revenues and Expenditures Changes in College Enrollment and Funding, SREB States, 2003 to Funding Growth, SREB States, 2003 to Funding Sources for Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities, SREB States SREB Fact Book 2009 ix

10 Funding Sources for Public Two-Year Colleges, SREB States Spending Patterns at Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities, SREB States Spending Patterns at Public Two-Year Colleges, SREB States Sources of Scholarship and Fellowship Spending at Public Colleges and Universities, SREB States, Tables 78. Funds for Educational and General Operations Per Full-Time-Equivalent Student at Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities Funds for Educational and General Operations Per Full-Time-Equivalent Student at Public Two-Year Colleges Funds for Educational and General Operations Per Full-Time-Equivalent Student at Public Technical Institutes or Colleges State Appropriations Related to Higher Education as Percentages of State Taxes Appropriations of State Tax Funds for Operating Expenses Related to Higher Education Percent Distribution of Funds for Operations Related to Higher Education, Percent Distribution of Core Revenues at Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities Percent Distribution of Core Revenues at Public Two-Year Colleges Percent Distribution of Core Spending at Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities Percent Distribution of Core Spending at Public Two-Year Colleges Percent Distribution of Scholarships and Fellowships at Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities Percent Distribution of Scholarships and Fellowships at Public Two-Year Colleges Federal Support for Research and Development at Universities Top-Ranked Universities Spending on Research and Development University Endowments Universities Large Library Collections, Expenditures and Staff Federal Appropriations Earmarked for Higher Education Appendix A SREB-State Data Exchange Definitions of Institutional Categories and Listing of Public Universities, Four-Year and Two-Year Colleges, and Technical Institutes or Colleges Appendix B SREB-State Data Exchange Agencies x SREB Fact Book 2009