Benchmarking Chinese Provinces on Tertiary Education. Number of students in tertiary education

Transcription

1 Dr. Kai Yu Graduate School of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University 21 June 21, Singapore Benchmarking Chinese Provinces on Tertiary Education Selected Findings from the Tertiary Education at a Glance: China Project 35,, Number of students in tertiary education 3,, 25,, 2,, 15,, 1,, 5,,

2 4 Income of all tertiary education institutions, in billion Yuan Other Income Tuitions and Services Donations Private Contributions Governmental Funding Tasks Benchmark Chinese provinces on: Student Numbers Funding Faculty Labor Force Research Access * Data used are the latest available, in most cases for 28 2

3 Provinces in China 31 provincial regions (excl. HK, Macau, Taiwan) 22 provinces 5 autonomous regions, e.g. Tibet, Inner Mongolia 4 municipalities, e.g. Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin A centralized political system Provinces are under direct administration of the central State Council 3

4 GDP per capita, in Yuan GDP per capita Tertiary Education in China Governance of tertiary education is centralized A central ministry oversees educational matters National educational laws and regulations Admissions, standards of degrees and programs, conferral of degrees, etc, are ultimately regulated and controlled by the central state Central universities and provincial universities Provincial governments can decide or influence Entrance exam papers Balance of in-province and out-province students 4

5 Observation In terms of governance structure and administration policies, differences in tertiary education across provinces are very small Benchmarking: Student Numbers The number of students every province trains Take the size of the population base into consideration Tibet: 2.8 million Beijing: 17 million Henan: 94 million 5

6 Number of Students in Tertiary Education in every 1, Residents Number of Students in Higher Education in every 1, Residents 45 Number of Postgraduate Graduates per Year Master's Graduates Doctoral Graduates 6

7 Benchmarking: Funding The economically developed provinces not only produce more tertiary education graduates They also fund their education places better 4 Funding per Student (Overall), in Yuan Public Funding per Student 7

8 6 Funding per Student (Central and Provincial Institutions), in Yuan Provincial Institutions Central Institutions Benchmarking: Faculty Proportion of Full Professors in university teachers: Universities of the MoE: 23% Other Universities: 1% Of the 75 MoE Universities, 5 are in eastern provinces (24 in Beijing) 8

9 Qualification of University Teachers 1% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % Doctorate Master's Bachelor's Vocational and Below Benchmarking: Labor Force The relationship between tertiary education size and the educational level of local labor force Is it possible for the poor provinces to attract talents produced by the rich provinces? 9

10 18 16 Education Attainment Level of the Labor Force: Number of degree holders in every 1 workers Undergraduate Vocational Undergraduate Degree Postgraduate Brain Gain and Drain Wealthy provinces educate and retain talents nationally Sending provinces experience brain drain 1

11 Eastern Provinces Beijing Tianjin Shanghai Hebei Liaoning Jiangsu Zhejiang Fujian Shandong Guangdong Hainan Central Provinces Shanxi Jilin Heilongjiang Anhui Jiangxi Henan Hubei Hunan Western Provinces Chongqing Sichuan Guizhou Yunnan Tibet Shaanxi Gansu Qinghai Ningxia Xinjiang Inner Mongolia Guangxi 6/21/21 Benchmarking: Research Volume of science and technology funding Number of world-class universities 12 Funding for Science and Technology Activities in Universities, in Yuan S&T Funding to Universities 11

12 4 Number of Top 5 Universities (SJTU Ranking) Top 3 Top 31-5 Benchmarking: Access Actual overall admission rates by province Difficulty to get into prestigious universities 12

13 9.% Overall Admission Rate 8.% 7.% 6.% 5.% 4.% 3.% 2.% 1.%.% Admission Rate Difficulty to Enter Prestigious Institutions Shanghai Jiao Tong University as an example Shanghai accounts for 1.5% of the national population SJTU assigns 35% of its enrolment quota to Shanghai (23 times) Largely a result of pressure from local government Most of the prestigious universities are located in wealthy provinces As a result, much more difficult for students from poorer provinces to get into good institutions 13

14 Summary Although the governance and policies are coherent across provinces, the development of tertiary education is not Effects of economy and central universities Economically backward provinces are losing their bright young men and women to other provinces. Leading to a vicious circle? World-class universities and regional balance? 14