Development and Reform of TVET in Lao PDR and Expectation of Chinese-Lao Cooperation

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Agnes Garrett
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1 ASEAN-China Seminar on Cooperation in TVET during the WFCP World Congress October 2014, Beijing, PR China Development and Reform of TVET in Lao PDR and Expectation of Chinese-Lao Cooperation by: PHOUVIENG PHOUMILAY, DDG of TVE Department

2 Current Development Context, Laos Geography: Located in heart of Indochina; GMS East-West and North- South Economic Corridor, Member of ASEAN-Community

3 Current Development Context, Laos Population Approx million (World bank, 2012) A multi-ethnic nation of 49 groups, but categorized into 4 main ethnolinguistic families (e.g. Lao Tai: 65%, Mon-Khmer: 23%, Hmong Yao: 8% and Tibeto-Burma: 3%) Work force 2.7 million of 5.6 million (2005), est. 53,000 entering labor market more than 70% engaged in the agricultural sector : an estimated 3.3 million working people in labor market Labor structure Sector * Agriculture Industry + construction Services Source: National Statistic Centre 2008, 7 th NSEDP report in the 9 th Party Congress, March 2011

Current GDP growth: 7.9% on average of 5 years from 2006-2010 8% in 2011; 8.2% (9.4 billion $US) in 2012; 8% in 2013; predicted fall of 7.7% in 2014, and 8.

4 Current GDP growth: 7.9% on average of 5 years from % in 2011; 8.2% (9.4 billion $US) in 2012; 8% in 2013; predicted fall of 7.7% in 2014, and 8.1% in 2015 Source: Xinhua Published: , retrieved 5 May 2014 Share of GDP Sector * Agriculture (%) Processing (%) Services (%) Source: National Statistic Centre 2008; * projected, see also 7 th NSEDP from report of the9 th Party Congress March 2011

5 WORLD OF WORK Pre Edu. Primary Education Secondary Education Tertiary Education Age < > Ph.D. 3Y Master 2Y Bachelor Regular program 4Y Bachelor Degree (continuing Program 1.5Y) Associate Diploma (2-3 Y for regular prog. 1.5Y for continuing program) High TVE Diploma (regular Program 3Y) Upper Secondary Level (3 years) Lower Secondary Level (4 years) Primary Level (5 Years) Kindergarten (3 Years) High TVE Diploma 2 Y TE-Diploma (Regular Program 12+2) VE- Certificate (9+3) VE-Diploma (continuing Program 1 Y) IVET-Certificate III (12 m) IVET-Certificate II (+6m) IVET-Certificate I (6m) Academic or Higher Education Stream TVET Stream Basic Education Stream Upper Sec. Level G (1,5 Y) Lower Sec. Level G 6-9 (2 Y) Primary Level P 1-3 (12 month) FORMAL EDUCATION NON-FORMAL E.

TVET-System in LAO PDR WORLD OF WORK B. SC/BE + 1.5 (cont.) Vocational Education Diploma +1-2 Y (cont.

) Vocational Education Certificate 9+3 (regular course For grad 9) TE- Diploma 2 Y (regular) Graduates of grade 12 High

6 TVET-System in LAO PDR WORLD OF WORK B. SC/BE (cont.) Vocational Education Diploma +1-2 Y (cont.) VT-CERTIFICATE III +1 Y [cont.] TV- CERTIFICATE II + 6m [cont.] High V&T Diploma 2 (cont.) Vocational Education Certificate 9+3 (regular course For grad 9) TE- Diploma 2 Y (regular) Graduates of grade 12 High Tech. Ed. Dipl. 3 (regular) VT-CERTIFICATE I + 6m Vocational Education for Graduates of Grade 9 (for Graduates of Grade 12) Technical and Vocational Education Under TVED, MOE

Current TVET-Development 2013 2012 2,029 3,301 10,176 11,937 30,140 35,234 10:3:1 2010

5,000 8,300 1,300 1990 3,400 8,900 1985-6,900 9,400-5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000

7 Current TVET-Development ,029 3,301 10,176 11,937 30,140 35,234 10:3: ,356 2,600 6,675 18,859 18,273 22,652 36,492 Higher Diploma Diploma Certificate ,000 8,300 1, ,400 8, ,900 9,400-5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 Number of TVET-students Source: Education Statistic and Information Centre 2013

Overview of TVET teacher TVET Teacher from 2008/2009-2013/2014 2500 2000 1500 1000 881 1,000 1,107 1,215 1,252 1307 Male Femal

8 Overview of TVET teacher TVET Teacher from 2008/ / ,000 1,107 1,215 1, Male Femal Source (admin, 123):

9 Overview of TVET teacher The TVET-teacher demand projection from Year Student s GER (%) No of students Enrolment Student/ teacher ratio Teacher requiremen t Requirement of new teachers , , , , , , , , , , , , Source: MOES-TTD: TESAP

10 Challenges of Lao TVET 1. Vocational training is not yet accessible for all target groups, especially in rural and remote areas. 2. The education system in general, TVET system in particular does not longer match the demand of the socio-economic development, especially the needs of the labor market. 3. The image of TVET remains still poor, mostly prefer the higher education as well as white collar job, while there are very few applicants for traditional jobs. 4. The training quality remains still low due to many factors like poor infrastructure, machines and equipment and low qualified teaching staff. 10

Equitable Access into TVET Improve the TVET Organizational Structure (2 Outcome) Formulate the Policy and Tools at the Macro

11 Develop and improve TVET Teachers and Staff (4 Outcomes) Set up the Quality Assurance System (6 Outcomes) Develop Information System of TVET (2 Outcomes) 2. Improve Quality and Relevance Target Improve TVET- Management 1. Equitable Access into TVET Improve the TVET Organizational Structure (2 Outcome) Formulate the Policy and Tools at the Macro Level for TVET Development (5 Outcomes) Construction, Expansion and Renovation of TVET Schools (inc. 5 Outcomes) Expand TVET Offer and Approaches (inc. 7 Outcomes)

12 Expectation of Lao-China Cooperation 1. Exchange of faculty members and researchers 2. Research cooperation 3. Exchange of students 4. Cooperation on vocational teacher training 6. Other academic exchange 7. Establish Lao-China Vocational School or Training Centre

13 Thankyou for your kind attention

In reviewing progress since 2000, this regional

In reviewing progress since 2000, this regional United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization EFA Global Monitoring Report 2 0 1 5 Regional overview: East Asia and the Pacific United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization