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1 LOGO Company Logo MRTwww.WinFarsi.com

2 LOGO Clinical Pharmacy Services in Iran: Improving Patient s Care Farshad Hashemian, Pharm.D., Pharmacotherapy Specialist Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Tehran, Iran.

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4 Winter in Iran

5 Winter in Iran

6 Winter in Iran

7 Company Logo

8 Contents History of Pharmacy Education in Iran Current Pharm.D. Education in Iran Post Graduate Opportunities for Pharm.D. Holders 4 The Evolution of Clinical Pharmacy in Iran

9 Contents Clinical Pharmacy Services in Iran Conclusion

10 History of Pharmacy Education in Iran Darul Funun established in 85. was the first modern university and modern institution for higher education in Persia.

11 History of Pharmacy Education in Iran Worldclass Iranian Scientists In the Field of Medicine Avicenna: His most famous works are The Book of Healing a vast philosophical and scientific encyclopedia and The Canon of Medicine, an overview of all aspects of medicine that became a standard medical text at many medieval universities and remained in use as late as 650. Muhammad ibn Zakariya alrazi: He is well known as the discoverer of alcohol and vitriol (sulfuric acid). An early proponent of experimental medicine, he became a successful doctor; he was appointed a court physician, and served as chief physician of Baghdad and Rey hospitals.

12 Diagram ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc. The first page of a manuscript, authored by Ibn Sina. Colophon of Razi's Book of Medicine.

13 History of Pharmacy Education in Iran In 9 : a pharmacy division was set up at the school of medicine in Tehran for the first time. In 96: the first union of Iranian pharmacy students educated in France, returned back home. In 94: the School of Medicine (Madrasaye tebb) was turned into one of the faculties of the university, and was renamed as the Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dentistry. In 99, the duration of pharmacy program changed from a year to a 4year Master s program and 40 credits.

14 History of Pharmacy Education in Iran Eventually, pharmacy program changed to a Doctorate of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree and in 956, the first faculty of pharmacy independent of the medical faculty was established. In 97, each academic year was divided into two semesters and pharmacy students had to defend a thesis together with taking an oath in order to obtain their doctorate degree.

15 Current Pharm.D. Education in Iran As of early 04, there are 8 Pharmacy faculties all over the country, 7 of which are governmental and belongs to the private sector. As of late 04, 5 more pharmacy faculties have been introduced recently, of which are governmental and belong to the private sector.

16 Current Pharm.D. Education in Iran Completion of approximately years of Basic Sciences. Current Pharm.D. Program in Iran Followed by a 4year study of Professional Courses. A national exam named the Basic Sciences Exam. Between the rd and 4th year of the studies, writing a Thesis Proposal. Passing an Internship Course at University Hospital pharmacies (5 hours for each Credit Course) Total of 0 Internship Credit Courses

17 Current Pharm.D. Education in Iran After completion of 5 credit courses, defending the thesis. Current Pharm.D. Program in Iran Taking the Pharmacists Oath Officially be pronounced Pharmacy Doctors Completing an obligatory return of service in governmental pharmacies or ministry of health and medical education.

18 Current Pharm.D. Education in Iran Semester Semester Course Theoretical Practical Course Theoretical Practical General English Islamic Education () Persian Literature Physical Training () History of Islam & Quran Anatomy 0/5 Islamic Education () 0/5 Molecular Biology & Genetics Mathematics Physics in Pharmacy () General Chemistry 4 Analytical Chemistry () General Chemistry Analytical Chemistry () Organic Chemistry () Organic Chemistry () Total 4 5 Total 7 Histology Physics in Pharmacy ()

19 Current Pharm.D. Education in Iran Semester Semester 4 Course Theoretical Practical Course Theoretical Practical Quran Interpretation General Ethics Microbiology () Microbiology () Virology History of Islamic Revolution Contraception & Family Planning Principles of Hygiene Immunology () Immunology () Parasitology & Mycology () Parasitology & Mycology () Organic Chemistry () Biochemistry () Organic Chemistry (4) Biochemistry () Physiology () 4 Physiology () 4 Physiology ()

20 Current Pharm.D. Education in Iran Semester 5 Course Semester 6 Theoretica l Practical Course Theoretical Practical Medicinal Plants () Pharmacology () 4 Physical Pharmacy () Pharmaceutics () (Introduction) Pharmacology () 4 Clinical Biochemistry Pharmacology () Nutrition & Therapeutic Diets Pharmaceutics () (Solids) English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Analytical Methods () Computer Basics 4 Medical Terminology 9 Total 7 First Aid & First Aid Medical Equipment Physical Pharmacy () Total Medicinal Plants ()

21 Current Pharm.D. Education in Iran Semester 7 Semester 8 Course Theoretica l Practical Course Theoretical Practical Pharmacotherapy () Pharmaceutics () (Liquids) Pharmaceutics () (Solids) Pharmaceutics () (Liquids) Medicinal Chemistry () Medicinal Chemistry () Pharmacognosy () Pharmacognosy () Medical Statistics () Medical Ethics Medical Statistics () Pharmacotherapy () Cell Culture Analytical Methods () Pharmaceutics (4) (SemiSolids) Toxicology () Internship in Community Pharmacy Toxicology () Introduction to the Internet How to write a Research Proposal & Dissertation () Total 5 5 Total 4 6

22 Current Pharm.D. Education in Iran Semester 9 Semester 0 Course Theoretical Practical Course Theoretic al Practical Toxicological Emergencies Medicinal Chemistry () Business Management & Economics in Pharmacy Pharmacognosy () Pharmacotherapy () Biological Products Pharmaceutics (4) (SemiSolids) Pharmaceutics (5) (Novel Systems) Pharmaceutics (5) (Novel Systems) Microbial Control () Pharmacotherapy () Toxicological Emergencies Cosmetic Products Microbial Control () Physiochemical Control () Physiochemical Control () Industrial Internship Biopharmacy & Pharmacokinetics Alternative Medicine (Optional Course)* Hospital Pharmacy (Optional Course) Nanotechnology (Optional Course) Chemistry of Plants (Optional Course) Total 4 6 Total 8

23 Current Pharm.D. Education in Iran Semester Course Theoretical Practical Hospital Pharmacy Internship Community Pharmacy Internship 6 Internship in Hospital Wards Dissertation () Dissertation () 4 Control & Analysis of Active Pharmaceutical Products (Optional Courses) Radiopharmacy (Optional Courses) Psychology (Optional Courses) Pharmaceutics (6) (Optional Courses) Total 0 0

24 Post Graduate Opportunities for Pharm.D. Holders Since 990, there are few numbers of universities offering PhD and Board of clinical pharmacy programs which accept highly intellectuals and proficient candidates who come from comparable research backgrounds. Few places are offered for the post graduate studies.

25 Post Graduate Opportunities for Pharm.D. Holders ) Clinical Pharmacy. ) Pharmacology. ) Toxicology. ) Medicinal Chemistry. ) Business Management & Economics in Pharmacy. ) Medical Biotechnology. ) Nanotechnology in Pharmaceutical Sciences. ) Pharmaceutics. ) Quality Control of Pharmaceuticals. ) Biomaterials in Pharmaceutical Sciences. ) Alternative Medicine ) Pharmacognosy. ) Radiopharmacy.

26 The Evolution of Clinical Pharmacy in Iran In 994, the first group of residents entered the clinical Pharmacy program at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In 996, the first department of clinical pharmacy was established at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy. Then, in 007, the second school of pharmacy namely Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences started to offer post graduate clinical pharmacy places.

27 The Evolution of Clinical Pharmacy in Iran As of today, there are four universities all over Iran offering post graduate Clinical Pharmacy programs and admitting approximately residents each year. Clinical Pharmacy is one of the most highly demanded fields among Pharm.D. holders. Four universities offer a total of places all over the country each year. Admissions are based on both written and oral exams & are highly competitive.

28 The Evolution of Clinical Pharmacy in Iran The Clinical Pharmacy program in Iran is a 4year program during which residents spend 8 months in didactic courses to extend their theoretical backgrounds followed by 8 months in clinical rotations. The last year of the program is dedicated to completion of the dissertation which can be started from the first year of the program

29 Clinical Pharmacy in Iran Education Research Practice

30 Research A large number of research studies are conducted each year that a large number of them are Interventional studies. The Islamic Republic of Iran ranked 6th in terms of science production in the world in 0 by indexing 4450 articles, according to the latest statistics released by the Scopus database. Iran ranked 7th in the world in Medical Science Production. Iran ranked st in production of science in the Middle East.

31 Reserach In Iran highest number of science production belongs to the field of: In the second place: Among Medical sciences, the most important one with the highest contribution to science production: Chemistry Medical Sciences Pharmacy

32 The Evolution of Clinical Pharmacy in Iran Thus, it has been since approximately 0 years that discipline of Clinical Pharmacy has been introduced to Iranian health care system. The program is directed at developing specialists who provide pharmacotherapy service in areas of patientspecific problems, evaluating appropriateness of pharmacotherapy including drug choice, dose, route of administration, monitoring possible drug interactions, and etc.

33 The Evolution of Clinical Pharmacy in Iran Driven by the aspirations for a larger role of clinical pharmacists in health care system, Iranian Society of Clinical Pharmacists tries to build interprofessional relationships with other health care professionals with the aim of optimizing patient care and improving patient outcomes.

34 Clinical Pharmacy Services A significant decrease in Medication Cost. A Significant decrease in DrugDrug Interactions. Significant Reduction of Medication Errors.

35 Conclusion If we want to pause to reflect upon clinical pharmacy services and education in the past decades, we recognize that current level of interprofessional collaboration between clinical pharmacists and physicians in most of the cases is beyond expectation and physicians society do support clinical pharmacists in a good manner; thus, our momentum is moving us to the right direction.

36 Conclusion The vision of future would be the ultimate interprofessional collaboration of clinical pharmacists and physicians so that the goal of enhanced patient care and outcome through interprofessional collaboration become fully realized.

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