TO STRENGTHEN OHIO S FAMILIES WITH SOLUTIONS TO TEMPORARY CHALLENGES Job Outlook. Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area

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1 TO STRENGTHEN OHIO S FAMILIES WITH SOLUTIONS TO TEMPORARY CHALLENGES 2024 Job Outlook Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, and Medina Counties November 2017 (revised)

2 Employment Projected Projected Change Ohio Metropolitan Statistical Areas 2014 Employment Number Percent Akron MSA 336, ,200 19, % Canton-Massillon MSA 179, ,400 8, % Cincinnati-Middletown MSA 853, ,180 48, % Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor MSA 1,063,700 1,119,100 55, % Columbus MSA 1,038,900 1,102,400 63, % Dayton MSA 381, ,300 19, % Toledo MSA 320, ,300 15, % Youngstown-Warren-Boardman MSA 181, ,300 9, % Page 1

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4 Cleveland Elyria Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area Industry Employment Projection Report: Employment* Projected Change NAICS in Employment CODE Description Annual Projected Percent TOTAL 1,063,700 1,119,100 55, % Goods Producing 163, ,800 1, % Natural Resources, Including Agriculture and Mining 6,100 5, % Construction 33,700 37,600 3, % 236 Construction of buildings 7,200 8,400 1, % 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction 3,200 3, % 238 Specialty trade contractors 23,200 25,600 2, % Manufacturing 123, ,700 5, % 311 Food manufacturing 5,700 5, % 321 Wood product manufacturing 1,000 1, % 322 Paper manufacturing 3,700 3, % 323 Printing and related support activities 4,500 3, % 324 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing % 325 Chemical manufacturing 11,000 10, % 326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing 7,300 6, % 327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing 2,800 2, % 331 Primary metal manufacturing 8,700 8, % 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing 28,000 28, % 333 Machinery manufacturing 15,800 15, % 334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing 5,000 4, % 335 Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing 6,900 6, % 336 Transportation equipment manufacturing 12,400 12, % 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing 6,300 5, % Service Providing 843, ,900 53, % Trade and Transportation and Utilities 175, ,800 3, % Utilities 3,000 2, % 221 Utilities 3,000 2, % Wholesale Trade 44,400 46,000 1, % 423 Merchant wholesalers, durable goods 26,600 27, % 424 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods 13,300 13, % 425 Wholesale electronic markets and agents and brokers 4,500 5, % Retail Trade 100, ,300 1, % 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 13,200 14,200 1, % 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 2,400 2, % 443 Electronics and appliance stores 3,000 2, % 444 Building material and garden supply stores 7,600 7, % 445 Food and beverage stores 21,900 23,200 1, % 446 Health and personal care stores 8,000 8, % 447 Gasoline stations 5,600 5, % 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 7,600 7, % 451 Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores 3,500 3, % 452 General merchandise stores 19,700 18,300 1, % 453 Miscellaneous store retailers 4,800 4, % 454 Nonstore retailers 3,600 4, % Transportation and Warehousing 27,000 28,000 1, % 484 Truck transportation 8,300 8, % 485 Transit and ground passenger transportation 2,500 2, % 488 Support activities for transportation 3,800 4, % Information 14,100 12,700 1, % 511 Publishing industries (except internet) 5,500 4, % 512 Motion picture and sound recording industries % 515 Broadcasting (except internet) 1,500 1, % 518 Data processing, hosting and related services 1,100 1, % Financial Activities 58,600 61,700 3, % Page 3

5 Cleveland Elyria Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area Industry Employment Projection Report: Employment* Projected Change NAICS in Employment CODE Description Annual Projected Percent Finance and Insurance 42,500 44,500 2, % 522 Credit intermediation and related activities 16,200 16, % 524 Insurance carriers and related activities 20,600 21, % Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 16,200 17,200 1, % 531 Real estate 12,300 13, % 532 Rental and leasing services 3,700 3, % Professional and Business Services 141, ,600 11, % Professional and Technical Services 52,700 58,600 5, % 5411 Legal services 10,100 10, % 5412 Accounting and bookkeeping services 7,600 8, % 5413 Architectural and engineering services 8,300 9, % 5414 Specialized design services 1,000 1, % 5415 Computer systems design and related services 11,400 14,000 2, % 5416 Management, scientific, and technical consulting services 7,200 9,000 1, % 5417 Scientific research and development services 1,900 2, % 5418 Advertising, public relations, and related services 2,000 2, % 5419 Other professional, scientific, and technical services 3,100 3, % Management of companies and enterprises 26,900 27,900 1, % Administrative and Waste Services 61,400 66,100 4, % 5611 Office administrative services 2,600 3, % 5613 Employment services 26,800 30,100 3, % 5617 Services to buildings and dwellings 13,800 14, % 5619 Other support services 1,400 1, % 562 Waste management and remediation service 2,800 2, % Education and Health Services 243, ,100 32, % Educational Services 76,300 80,300 4, % 611 Educational services 76,300 80,300 4, % Health Care and Social Assistance 167, ,800 28, % 621 Ambulatory health care services 44,800 61,700 16, % 622 Hospitals 69,800 74,600 4, % 623 Nursing and residential care facilities 32,400 38,300 5, % 624 Social assistance 20,000 21,300 1, % Leisure and Hospitality 96, ,100 5, % Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 15,900 16,900 1, % 711 Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries 4,600 4, % 712 Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions 1,300 1, % 713 Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries 10,100 10, % Accommodation and Food Services 80,700 85,200 4, % 721 Accommodation 6,700 7, % 722 Food services and drinking places 74,000 78,200 4, % Other Services 41,700 42, % 811 Repair and maintenance 8,300 9, % 812 Personal and laundry services 12,500 13, % 813 Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations 17,100 16, % 814 Private households 3,800 3, % Government 72,400 70,600 1, % Federal Government 17,500 14,200 3, % Federal government, except postal service 12,900 11,200 1, % State Government 3,800 3, % Local Government 51,100 52,600 1, % Self Employed and Unpaid Family Workers 57,000 60,400 3, % *Selected industries with 500 or more employees. Source: Ohio Department of Job and Family Services, Bureau of Labor Market Information, November Page 4

6 Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area Occupational Employment Projections by Major Occupational Group, Breakdown of Annual Openings Employment Change in SOC Employment Annual Openings Code Occupational Title Annual Projected Percent Growth Replacements Total Total, All Occupations 1,063,700 1,119,100 55, % 6,858 25,041 31, Management Occupations 64,200 66,600 2, % 308 1,455 1, Business and Financial Operations Occupations 50,400 54,000 3, % 374 1,053 1, Computer and Mathematical Occupations 26,600 29,900 3, % Architecture and Engineering Occupations 17,400 17, % Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 6,800 7, % Community and Social Service Occupations 18,500 19,800 1, % Legal Occupations 9,100 9, % Education, Training, and Library Occupations 56,900 60,500 3, % 357 1,235 1, Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations 14,500 14, % Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 78,000 88,800 10, % 1,087 1,747 2, Healthcare Support Occupations 40,600 50,700 10, % 1, , Protective Service Occupations 25,600 26, % Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 87,800 93,000 5, % 594 3,211 3, Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations 38,300 40,000 1, % Personal Care and Service Occupations 34,100 36,900 2, % , Sales and Related Occupations 104, ,600 2, % 280 3,030 3, Office and Administrative Support Occupations 160, , % 475 3,214 3, Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations 1, % Construction and Extraction Occupations 35,200 38,300 3, % Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations 39,100 41,200 2, % , Production Occupations 90,600 88,000-2, % 220 2,010 2, Transportation and Material Moving Occupations 64,500 68,200 3, % 384 1,615 1,999 Source: Ohio Department of Job and Family Services, Bureau of Labor Market Information, June Page 5

7 Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area Fastest Growing Occupations* Total Median SOC Percent Annual Wage Code Occupational Title Change Openings June 2016*** Home Health Aides 39.9% 982 $ Physical Therapist Assistants 34.9% 62 $ Nurse Practitioners 31.5% 65 $ Physician Assistants 28.2% 39 $ Commercial Pilots 26.8% 27 $103, Operations Research Analysts 26.7% 24 $ Massage Therapists 25.5% 18 $ Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs 24.7% 77 $ Web Developers 24.6% 40 $ Physical Therapists 23.8% 72 $ Diagnostic Medical Sonographers 23.5% 31 $ Opticians, Dispensing 21.6% 25 $ Family and General Practitioners 21.5% 32 $ Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists 21.3% 40 $ Computer Systems Analysts 21.2% 200 $ Medical Assistants 21.1% 157 $ Speech-Language Pathologists 20.9% 49 $ Occupational Therapists 20.6% 39 $ Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 20.5% 74 $ Industrial Machinery Mechanics 20.1% 122 $ Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other 19.9% 36 $ Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic 19.3% 153 $ Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 19.1% 22 $ Software Developers, Applications 18.9% 153 $ Medical Secretaries 17.7% 228 $ Phlebotomists 17.5% 44 $ Healthcare Support Workers, All Other 17.5% 24 $ Mental Health Counselors 17.0% 27 $ Dental Assistants 17.0% 79 $ Dental Hygienists 16.9% 49 $32.06 *Occupations with at least 500 employment *** 2015 wages statistically aged to June 2016 Annual earnings Source: Ohio Department of Job and Family Services, Bureau of Labor Market Information, June Page 6

8 Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area Occupations with the Most Annual Openings Total Median SOC Annual Wage Code Occupational Title Openings June 2016*** Registered Nurses 1,090 $ Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food 1,088 $ Retail Salespersons 1,066 $ Home Health Aides 982 $ Cashiers 962 $ Waiters and Waitresses 787 $ Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 670 $ Nursing Assistants 461 $ Stock Clerks and Order Fillers 455 $ Office Clerks, General 452 $ Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 450 $ General and Operations Managers 398 $ Customer Service Representatives 378 $ Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 333 $ Cooks, Restaurant 331 $ Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 310 $ Accountants and Auditors 307 $ Machinists 259 $ Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists 252 $ Childcare Workers 237 $ Bartenders 234 $ Medical Secretaries 228 $ Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop 227 $ First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 226 $ Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 224 $ Teacher Assistants 222 $28, Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products 221 $ First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers 217 $ Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education 211 $66, Team Assemblers 210 $14.64 Annual earnings, typically 9 1/2 months school year for teachers. *** 2015 wages statistically aged to June 2016 Source: Ohio Department of Job and Family Services, Bureau of Labor Market Information, June Page 7

9 Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area Employment* Change in Median Employment Annual Openings, Code Occupational Title** Annual Projected Percent Growth Replacements Total June 2016*** Total, All Occupations 1,063,700 1,119,100 55, % 6,858 25,041 31, Management Occupations 64,200 66,600 2, % 308 1,455 1, Chief Executives 1,870 1, % $ General & Operations Managers 13,260 13, % $ Legislators % $19, Advertising & Promotions Managers % $ Marketing Managers 1,180 1, % $ Sales Managers 3,170 3, % $ Public Relations & Fundraising Managers % $ Administrative Services Managers 2,320 2, % $ Computer & Information Systems Managers 2,230 2, % $ Financial Managers 4,800 5, % $ Industrial Production Managers 2,600 2, % $ Purchasing Managers % $ Transportation, Storage, & Distribution Managers 1,140 1, % $ Compensation & Benefits Managers % $ Human Resources Managers % $ Training & Development Managers % $ Farmers, Ranchers, & Other Agricultural Managers 4,560 4, % $ Education Administrators, Preschool & Childcare Center/Program % $ Education Administrators, Elementary & Secondary School 1,780 1, % $87, Education Administrators, All Other % $ Architectural & Engineering Managers 1,590 1, % $ Food Service Managers 2,310 2, % $ Lodging Managers % $ Medical & Health Services Managers 3,520 3, % $ Natural Sciences Managers % $ Property, Real Estate, & Community Association Managers 2,660 2, % $ Social & Community Service Managers 950 1, % $ Managers, All Other 5,810 6, % $ Business & Financial Operations Occupations 50,400 54,000 3, % 374 1,053 1, Agents & Business Managers of Artists, Performers, & Athletes % $ Wholesale & Retail Buyers, Ex Farm Products 1,110 1, % $ Purchasing Agents, Ex Wholesale, Retail, & Farm Products 2,220 2, % $ Claims Adjusters, Examiners, & Investigators 2,680 2, % $ Compliance Officers 1,260 1, % $ Cost Estimators 1,950 2, % $ Human Resource Specialists 4,350 4, % $ Logisticians % $ Management Analysts 4,630 5, % $ Meeting, Convention, & Event Planners % $ Fundraisers % $ Compensation, Benefits, & Job Analysis Specialists % $ Training & Development Specialists 1,600 1, % $ Market Research Analysts & Marketing Specialists 3,690 4, % $ Business Operations Specialists, All Other 4,860 5, % $ Accountants & Auditors 8,750 9, % $ Appraisers & Assessors of Real Estate % $ Budget Analysts % $ Credit Analysts % $ Financial Analysts 2,000 2, % $ Financial Examiners % $ Tax Examiners & Collectors, & Revenue Agents % $ Tax Preparers % $ Financial Specialists, All Other 1,010 1, % $ Computer & Mathematical Occupations 26,600 29,900 3, % Computer Systems Analysts 5,870 7,110 1, % $ Information Security Analysts % $ Computer Programmers 1,780 1, % $ Software Developers, Applications 4,610 5, % $ Software Developers, Systems Software 950 1, % $ Web Developers 1,050 1, % $ Database Administrators % $ Network & Computer Systems Administrators 2,820 2, % $ Computer Network Architects 1,230 1, % $ Computer User Support Specialists 2,850 3, % $21.49 Page 8

10 Employment* Change in Median Employment Annual Openings, Code Occupational Title** Annual Projected Percent Growth Replacements Total June 2016*** Computer Network Support Specialists 1,670 1, % $ Computer Occupations, All Other 1,640 1, % $ Operations Research Analysts % $ Architecture & Engineering Occupations 17,400 17, % Architects, Ex Landscape & Naval % $ Surveyors % $ Aerospace Engineers % $ Chemical Engineers % $ Civil Engineers 1,390 1, % $ Electrical Engineers % $ Electronics Engineers, Ex Computer % $ Environmental Engineers % $ Health & Safety Engineers, Ex Mining Safety Engineers & Inspectors % $ Industrial Engineers 2,350 2, % $ Materials Engineers % $ Mechanical Engineers 2,177 2, % $ Engineers, All Other 1,510 1, % $ Architectural & Civil Drafters % $ Electrical & Electronics Drafters % $ Mechanical Drafters % $ Civil Engineering Tech % $ Electrical & Electronics Engineering Tech % $ Electro-Mechanical Tech % $ Industrial Engineering Tech % $ Mechanical Engineering Tech % $ Engineering Tech, Ex Drafters, All Other % $ Surveying & Mapping Tech % $ Life, Physical, & Social Science Occupations 6,800 7, % Biological Scientists, All Other % $ Physicists % $ Chemists 1,120 1, % $ Materials Scientists % $ Clinical, Counseling, & School Psychologists 930 1, % $ Urban & Regional Planners % $ Biological Tech % $ Chemical Tech 960 1, % $ Environmental Science & Protection Tech, Including Health % $ Life, Physical, & Social Science Tech, All Other % $ Community & Social Service Occupations 18,500 19,800 1, % Substance Abuse & Behavioral Disorder Counselors % $ Educational, Guidance, School, & Vocational Counselors 1,700 1, % $ Mental Health Counselors % $ Rehabilitation Counselors % $ Counselors, All Other % $ Child, Family, & School Social Workers 2,560 2, % $ Mental Health & Substance Abuse Social Workers 1,300 1, % $ Social Workers, All Other % $ Health Educators % $ Probation Officers & Correctional Treatment Specialists % $ Social & Human Service Assistants 1,380 1, % $ Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other % $ Clergy 4,030 4, % $ Legal Occupations 9,100 9, % Lawyers 5,490 5, % $ Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, & Hearing Officers % $ Paralegals & Legal Assistants 1,910 2, % $ Title Examiners, Abstractors, & Searchers % $ Education, Training, & Library Occupations 56,900 60,500 3, % 357 1,235 1, Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary % $69, Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary % $93, Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary % $76, Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary % $55, Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary % $68, Education Teachers, Postsecondary % $69, Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary 1,290 1, % $72, English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary % $66,705 Page 9

11 Employment* Change in Median Employment Annual Openings, Code Occupational Title** Annual Projected Percent Growth Replacements Total June 2016*** Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary % $62, Vocational Education Teachers, Postsecondary % $ Preschool Teachers, Ex Special Education 2,690 2, % $ Kindergarten Teachers, Ex Special Education 1,060 1, % $48, Elementary School Teachers, Ex Special Education 7,850 8, % $66, Middle School Teachers, Ex Special & Career/Technical Education 7,090 7, % $58, Secondary School Teachers, Ex Special & Career/Technical Education 7,070 7, % $61, Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School % $73, Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten and Elementary School 1,120 1, % $59, Special Education Teachers, Middle School 1,340 1, % $65, Special Education Teachers, Secondary School 1,150 1, % $65, Special Education Teachers, All Other % $72, Self-Enrichment Education Teachers 1,830 2, % $ Curators % $ Librarians 1,070 1, % $ Library Technicians % $ Instructional Coordinators % $ Teacher Assistants 7,260 7, % $28, Education, Training, & Library Workers, All Other % $ Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, & Media Occupations 14,500 14, % Art Directors % $ Multi-Media Artists & Animators % $ Commercial & Industrial Designers % $ Floral Designers % $ Graphic Designers 1,700 1, % $ Interior Designers % $ Merchandise Displayers & Window Trimmers % $ Producers & Directors % $ Coaches & Scouts 1,930 2, % $25, Music Directors & Composers % $ Radio & Television Announcers % $ Reporters & Correspondents % $ Public Relations Specialists 1,330 1, % $ Editors % $ Technical Writers % $ Writers & Authors % $ Interpreters & Translators % $ Audio & Video Equipt Tech % $ Broadcast Tech % $ Photographers 950 1, % $ Film and Video Editors % $ Healthcare Practitioners & Technical Occupations 78,000 88,800 10, % 1,087 1,747 2, Chiropractors % $ Dentists, General 1,280 1, % $ Dietitians & Nutritionists % $ Optometrists % $ Pharmacists 2,160 2, % $ Anesthesiologists % N/A Family & General Practitioners % $ Internists, General % $ Obstetricians & Gynecologists % N/A Psychiatrists % $ Surgeons % N/A Physicians & Surgeons, All Other 5,000 5, % $ Physician Assistants % $ Podiatrists % $ Occupational Therapists 960 1, % $ Physical Therapists 1,420 1, % $ Radiation Therapists % $ Recreational Therapists % $ Respiratory Therapists 1,200 1, % $ Speech-Language Pathologists 1,070 1, % $ Exercise Physiologists % $ Therapists, All Other % $ Registered Nurses 29,330 33,320 3, % ,090 $ Nurse Anesthetists % $71.41 Page 10

12 Employment* Change in Median Employment Annual Openings, Code Occupational Title** Annual Projected Percent Growth Replacements Total June 2016*** Nurse Practitioners 1,170 1, % $ Health Diagnosing & Treating Practitioners, All Other % $ Dental Hygienists 1,480 1, % $ Cardiovascular Technologists & Tech % $ Diagnostic Medical Sonographers % $ Nuclear Medicine Technologists % $ Radiologic Technologists 2,020 2, % $ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists % $ Emergency Medical Tech & Paramedics 2,000 2, % $ Pharmacy Tech 2,570 2, % $ Surgical Technologists % $ Veterinary Technologists & Tech % $ Ophthalmic Medical Technicians % $ Licensed Practical & Licensed Vocational Nurses 7,620 8,780 1, % $ Medical Records & Health Information Tech 2,100 2, % $ Opticians, Dispensing % $ Orthotists and Prosthetists % $ Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other 1,200 1, % $ Occupational Health and Safety Specialists % $ Occupational Health and Safety Technicians % $ Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Workers, All Other % $ Healthcare Support Occupations 40,600 50,700 10, % 1, , Home Health Aides 15,730 22,000 6, % $ Nursing Assistants 13,110 14,760 1, % $ Occupational Therapy Assistants % $ Physical Therapist Assistants 960 1, % $ Massage Therapists % $ Dental Assistants 1,910 2, % $ Medical Assistants 3,730 4, % $ Medical Equipt Preparers % $ Veterinary Assistants & Laboratory Animal Caretakers % $ Phlebotomists 1,170 1, % $ Healthcare Support Workers, All Other % $ Protective Service Occupations 25,600 26, % FL Sup of Correctional Officers % $ FL Sup of Police & Detectives % $ FL Sup of Fire Fighting & Prevention Workers % $ FL Sup of Protective Service Workers, All Other % $ Firefighters 3,360 3, % $ Bailiffs % $ Correctional Officers & Jailers 2,240 2, % $ Detectives & Criminal Investigators % $ Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers 4,585 4, % $ Private Detectives & Investigators % $ Security Guards 9,180 9, % $ Crossing Guards % $ Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, & Other Recreational Protective Service Workers 1,390 1, % $ Protective Service Workers, All Other % $ Food Preparation & Serving Related Occupations 87,800 93,000 5, % 594 3,211 3, Chefs & Head Cooks 1,100 1, % $ FL Sup of Food Preparation & Serving Workers 5,900 6, % $ Cooks, Fast Food 2,300 1, % $ Cooks, Institution & Cafeteria 2,950 3, % $ Cooks, Restaurant 8,480 9,540 1, % $ Food Preparation Workers 3,910 4, % $ Bartenders 5,220 5, % $ Combined Food Preparation & Serving Workers, Including Fast Food 25,950 28,450 2, % ,088 $ Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, & Coffee Shop 3,610 3, % $ Waiters & Waitresses 15,850 16, % $ Food Servers, Non-restaurant 3,280 3, % $ Dining Room & Cafeteria Attendants & Bartender Helpers 1,960 2, % $ Dishwashers 3,240 3, % $ Hosts & Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, & Coffee Shop 2,400 2, % $ Building & Grounds Cleaning & Maintenance Occupations 38,300 40,000 1, % FL Sup of Housekeeping & Janitorial Workers 1,210 1, % $ FL Sup of Landscaping, Lawn Service, & Grounds keeping Workers 1,120 1, % $18.12 Page 11

13 Employment* Change in Median Employment Annual Openings, Code Occupational Title** Annual Projected Percent Growth Replacements Total June 2016*** Janitors & Cleaners, Ex Maids & Housekeeping Cleaners 18,990 19, % $ Maids & Housekeeping Cleaners 7,070 7, % $ Landscaping & Grounds keeping Workers 9,550 10, % $ Personal Care & Service Occupations 34,100 36,900 2, % , FL Sup of Personal Service Workers 1,450 1, % $ Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 1,210 1, % $ Amusement & Recreation Attendants 1,980 2, % $ Locker Room, Coatroom, & Dressing Room Attendants % $ Funeral Attendants % $ Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Directors % $ Hairdressers, Hairstylists, & Cosmetologists 6,990 7, % $ Manicurists and Pedicurists 1,210 1, % $ Childcare Workers 7,590 7, % $ Personal Care Aides 4,390 5, % $ Fitness Trainers & Aerobics Instructors 1,850 1, % $ Recreation Workers 2,480 2, % $ Residential Advisors % $ Personal Care & Service Workers, All Other % $ Sales & Related Occupations 104, ,600 2, % 280 3,030 3, FL Sup of Retail Sales Workers 9,490 9, % $ FL Sup of Non-Retail Sales Workers 2,590 2, % $ Cashiers 22,600 22, % $ Counter and Rental Clerks 3,116 3, % $ Retail Salespersons 28,640 29, % ,066 $ Advertising Sales Agents % $ Insurance Sales Agents 3,650 3, % $ Securities, Commodities, & Financial Services Sales Agents 2,480 2, % $ Travel Agents % $ Sales Rep, Services, All Other 6,330 6, % $ Sales Rep, Wholesale & Manufacturing, Technical & Scientific Products 4,860 5, % $ Sales Rep, Wholesale & Manufacturing, Ex Technical & Scientific Products 9,850 10, % $ Real Estate Sales Agents 2,770 3, % $ Sales Engineers 1,100 1, % $ Telemarketers 2,170 2, % $ Sales and Related Workers, All Other % $ Office & Administrative Support Occupations 160, , % 475 3,214 3, FL Sup of Office & Administrative Support Workers 8,390 8, % $ Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service % $ Bill & Account Collectors 3,100 2, % $ Billing & Posting Clerks 4,290 4, % $ Bookkeeping, Accounting, & Auditing Clerks 11,700 10,620-1, % $ Payroll & Timekeeping Clerks 1,470 1, % $ Procurement Clerks % $ Tellers 4,260 3, % $ Brokerage Clerks % $ Court, Municipal, & License Clerks 1,820 1, % $ Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks % $ Customer Service Rep 12,850 13, % $ Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs 1,690 1, % $ File Clerks % $ Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks % $ Interviewers, Ex Eligibility & Loan 1,600 1, % $ Library Assistants, Clerical 2,460 2, % $ Loan Interviewers & Clerks 1,880 1, % $ Order Clerks 2,010 2, % $ Human Resources Assistants, Ex Payroll & Timekeeping % $ Receptionists & Information Clerks 5,080 5, % $ Reservation & Transportation Ticket Agents & Travel Clerks % $ Information & Record Clerks, All Other % $ Cargo & Freight Agents % $ Couriers & Messengers % $ Police, Fire, & Ambulance Dispatchers % $ Dispatchers, Ex Police, Fire, & Ambulance 1,820 1, % $ Meter Readers, Utilities % $ Postal Service Clerks % $ Postal Service Mail Carriers 2,430 1, % $29.37 Page 12

14 Employment* Change in Median Employment Annual Openings, Code Occupational Title** Annual Projected Percent Growth Replacements Total June 2016*** Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, & Processing Machine Operators 1, % $ Production, Planning, & Expediting Clerks 2,790 2, % $ Shipping, Receiving, & Traffic Clerks 6,730 6, % $ Stock Clerks & Order Fillers 14,330 14, % $ Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, & Samplers, Recordkeeping % $ Executive Secretaries & Executive Administrative Assistants 5,370 4, % $ Legal Secretaries 2,670 2, % $ Medical Secretaries 8,040 9,470 1, % $ Secretaries & Administrative Assistants, Ex Legal, Medical, & Executive 14,460 14, % $ Computer Operators % $ Data Entry Keyers 1,710 1, % $ Word Processors & Typists % $ Insurance Claims & Policy Processing Clerks 3,500 3, % $ Mail Clerks & Mail Machine Operators, Ex Postal Service % $ Office Clerks, General 18,920 19, % $ Office Machine Operators, Ex Computer % $ Office and Administrative Support Workers, All Other 1,130 1, % $ Farming, Fishing, & Forestry Occupations 1, % Farmworkers & Laborers, Crop, Nursery, & Greenhouse % $ Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, & Aquacultural Animals % $ Construction & Extraction Occupations 35,200 38,300 3, % FL Sup of Construction Trades & Extraction Workers 2,540 2, % $ Boilermakers % $ Brickmasons & Blockmasons % $ Carpenters 5,320 5, % $ Carpet Installers % $ Cement Masons & Concrete Finishers % $ Construction Laborers 6,170 6, % $ Paving, Surfacing, & Tamping Equipt Operators % $ Operating Engineers & Other Construction Equipt Operators 2,050 2, % $ Electricians 3,960 4, % $ Glaziers % $ Painters, Construction & Maintenance 2,750 2, % $ Pipelayers % $ Plumbers, Pipefitters, & Steamfitters 2,130 2, % $ Roofers % $ Sheet Metal Workers % $ Structural Iron & Steel Workers % $ Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters % $ Construction & Building Inspectors % $ Hazardous Materials Removal Workers 950 1, % $ Highway Maintenance Workers 1,150 1, % $ Septic Tank Servicers & Sewer Pipe Cleaners % $ Construction and Related Workers, All Other % $ Installation, Maintenance, & Repair Occupations 39,100 41,200 2, % , FL Sup of Mechanics, Installers, & Repairers 2,980 3, % $ Computer, Automated Teller, & Office Machine Repairers % $ Telecommunications Equipt Installers & Repairers, Ex Line Installers 1,980 1, % $ Electric Motor, Power Tool, & Related Repairers % $ Electrical & Electronics Repairers, Commercial & Industrial Equipt % $ Electrical & Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, & Relay % $ Security & Fire Alarm Systems Installers % $ Automotive Body & Related Repairers 1,070 1, % $ Automotive Service Tech & Mechanics 5,510 5, % $ Bus & Truck Mechanics & Diesel Engine Specialists 1,750 1, % $ Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians % $ Mobile Heavy Equipt Mechanics, Ex Engines % $ Rail Car Repairers % $ Outdoor Power Equipt & Other Small Engine Mechanics % $ Tire Repairers & Changers % $ Control & Valve Installers & Repairers, Ex Mechanical Door % $ Heating, Air Conditioning, & Refrigeration Mechanics & Installers 2,060 2, % $ Industrial Machinery Mechanics 2,660 3, % $ Maintenance Workers, Machinery % $ Millwrights % $ Electrical Power-Line Installers & Repairers % $32.73 Page 13

15 Employment* Change in Median Employment Annual Openings, Code Occupational Title** Annual Projected Percent Growth Replacements Total June 2016*** Medical Equipt Repairers % $ Maintenance & Repair Workers, General 10,020 10, % $ Coin, Vending, & Amusement Machine Servicers & Repairers % $ Locksmiths & Safe Repairers % $ Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, & Repair Workers % $ Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other % $ Production Occupations 90,600 88,000-2, % 220 2,010 2, FL Sup of Production & Operating Workers 5,410 5, % $ Electrical & Electronic Equipt Assemblers 1,720 1, % $ Electromechanical Equipt Assemblers % $ Structural Metal Fabricators & Fitters % $ Team Assemblers 8,850 9, % $ Assemblers & Fabricators, All Other 3,020 3, % $ Bakers 1,390 1, % $ Butchers & Meat Cutters 1,620 1, % $ Meat, Poultry, & Fish Cutters & Trimmers % $ Slaughterers & Meat Packers % $ Food Batchmakers % $ Food Cooking Machine O/T % $ Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, M/P 3,080 3, % $ Computer Numerically Controlled Machine Tool Programmers, M/P % $ Extruding & Drawing Machine S/O/T, M/P 1,400 1, % $ Forging Machine S/O/T, M/P % $ Rolling Machine S/O/T, M/P % $ Cutting, Punching, & Press Machine S/O/T, M/P 4,210 3, % $ Drilling & Boring Machine Tool S/O/T, M/P % $ Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, & Buffing Machine Tool S/O/T, M/P 1, % $ Lathe & Turning Machine Tool S/O/T, M/P 1,400 1, % $ Milling & Planing Machine S/O/T, M/P % $ Machinists 6,490 7, % $ Metal-Refining Furnace O/T % $ Pourers & Casters, Metal % $ Foundry Mold & Coremakers % $ Molding, Coremaking, & Casting Machine S/O/T, M/P 1,850 1, % $ Tool & Die Makers 2,610 2, % $ Welders, Cutters, Solderers, & Brazers 2,520 2, % $ Welding, Soldering, & Brazing Machine S/O/T % $ Heat Treating Equipt S/O/T, M/P % $ Plating & Coating Machine S/O/T, M/P % $ Metal Workers & Plastic Workers, All Other % $ Prepress Technicians and Workers % $ Printing Press Operators 2,060 1, % $ Print Binding and Finishing Workers % $ Laundry & Dry-Cleaning Workers 1,190 1, % $ Pressers, Textile, Garment, & Related Materials % $ Sewing Machine Operators % $ Upholsterers % $ Cabinetmakers & Bench Carpenters % $ Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing % $ Power Distributors & Dispatchers % $ Power Plant Operators % $ Stationary Engineers & Boiler Operators % $ Water & Wastewater Treatment Plant & System Operators % $ Chemical Plant & System Operators % $ Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders % $ Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, & Still Machine S/O/T % $ Crushing, Grinding, & Polishing Machine S/O/T % $ Grinding & Polishing Workers, Hand % $ Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 1,304 1, % $ Cutting & Slicing Machine S/O/T % $ Extruding, Forming, Pressing, & Compacting Machine S/O/T 1,070 1, % $ Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, & Kettle O/T % $ Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, & Weighers 6,060 5, % $ Dental Laboratory Tech % $ Medical Appliance Technicians % $ Packaging & Filling Machine O/T 2,780 2, % $14.31 Page 14

16 Employment* Change in Median Employment Annual Openings, Code Occupational Title** Annual Projected Percent Growth Replacements Total June 2016*** Coating, Painting, & Spraying Machine S/O/T 1,220 1, % $ Painters, Transportation Equipt % $ Photographic Process Workers & Processing Machine Operators % $ Adhesive Bonding Machine Operators and Tenders % $ Cleaning, Washing, & Metal Pickling Equipt O/T % $ Molders, Shapers, & Casters, Ex M/P % $ Paper Goods Machine S/O/T % $ Helpers--Production Workers 3,270 3, % $ Production Workers, All Other 2,290 2, % $ Transportation & Material Moving Occupations 64,500 68,200 3, % 384 1,615 1, FL Sup of Transportation & Material-Moving Machine & Vehicle Operators 1,260 1, % $ Commercial Pilots % $103, Air Traffic Controllers % $ Flight Attendants % $51, Bus Drivers, Transit & Intercity 1,540 1, % $ Bus Drivers, School or Special Client 2,300 2, % $ Driver/Sales Workers 3,200 3, % $ Heavy & Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 9,460 9, % $ Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers 5,630 5, % $ Taxi Drivers & Chauffeurs 1,770 2, % $ Parking Lot Attendants 1,020 1, % $ Automotive & Watercraft Service Attendants % $ Transportation Inspectors % $ Transportation Attendants, Ex Flight Attendants % $ Transportation Workers, All Other % $ Conveyor Operators and Tenders % $ Crane & Tower Operators % $ Industrial Truck & Tractor Operators 3,180 3, % $ Cleaners of Vehicles & Equipt 2,250 2, % $ Laborers & Freight, Stock, & Material Movers, Hand 18,690 19,830 1, % $ Machine Feeders & Offbearers % $ Packers & Packagers, Hand 5,280 5, % $ Refuse & Recyclable Material Collectors 1,170 1, % $18.55 *Occupations with 100 or more workers. **Abbreviations AO = All Other FL Sup/Mgrs = First-Line Supervisors/Managers M/P = Metal and Plastic PS = Postsecondary O/T = Operators and Tenders S/O/T = Setters, Operators and Tenders National Wages Certain occupations only report wages at the annual level - for elementary and secondary teachers this typically reflects a 9 1/2 month school year. ***2015 wages statistically aged to June 2016 Source: Ohio Department of Job and Family Services, Bureau of Labor Market Information, June Page 15

17 Code Occupational Title** Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area Typical education needed for entry Work experience in a related occupation Typical on-the-job training needed to attain competency in the occupation Median June 2016*** Total, All Occupations Management Occupations Chief Executives Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None $ General & Operations Managers Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None $ Legislators Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $19, Advertising & Promotions Managers Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Marketing Managers Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None $ Sales Managers Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Public Relations & Fundraising Managers Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None $ Administrative Services Managers Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Computer & Information Systems Managers Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None $ Financial Managers Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None $ Industrial Production Managers Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None $ Purchasing Managers Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None $ Transportation, Storage, & Distribution Managers High school diploma or equivalent 5 years or more None $ Compensation & Benefits Managers Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None $ Human Resources Managers Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None $ Training & Development Managers Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None $ Farmers, Ranchers, & Other Agricultural Managers High school diploma or equivalent 5 years or more None $ Education Administrators, Preschool & Childcare Center/Program Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Education Administrators, Elementary & Secondary School Master's degree 5 years or more None $87, Education Administrators, All Other Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Architectural & Engineering Managers Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None $ Food Service Managers High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None $ Lodging Managers High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None $ Medical & Health Services Managers Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Natural Sciences Managers Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None $ Property, Real Estate, & Community Association Managers High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None $ Social & Community Service Managers Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None $ Managers, All Other Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Business & Financial Operations Occupations Agents & Business Managers of Artists, Performers, & Athletes Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Wholesale & Retail Buyers, Ex Farm Products Bachelor's degree None Long-term on-the-job training $ Purchasing Agents, Ex Wholesale, Retail, & Farm Products Bachelor's degree None Long-term on-the-job training $ Claims Adjusters, Examiners, & Investigators High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Compliance Officers Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Cost Estimators Bachelor's degree None None $ Human Resource Specialists Bachelor's degree None None $ Logisticians Bachelor's degree None None $ Management Analysts Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Meeting, Convention, & Event Planners Bachelor's degree None None $ Fundraisers Bachelor's degree None None $ Compensation, Benefits, & Job Analysis Specialists Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Training & Development Specialists Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Market Research Analysts & Marketing Specialists Bachelor's degree None None $ Business Operations Specialists, All Other Bachelor's degree None None $ Accountants & Auditors Bachelor's degree None None $ Appraisers & Assessors of Real Estate Bachelor's degree None Long-term on-the-job training $ Budget Analysts Bachelor's degree None None $ Credit Analysts Bachelor's degree None None $ Financial Analysts Bachelor's degree None None $ Financial Examiners Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Tax Examiners & Collectors, & Revenue Agents Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Tax Preparers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Financial Specialists, All Other Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Computer & Mathematical Occupations Computer Systems Analysts Bachelor's degree None None $ Information Security Analysts Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Computer Programmers Bachelor's degree None None $ Software Developers, Applications Bachelor's degree None None $ Software Developers, Systems Software Bachelor's degree None None $ Web Developers Associate's degree None None $ Database Administrators Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Network & Computer Systems Administrators Bachelor's degree None None $ Computer Network Architects Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None $ Computer User Support Specialists Some college, no degree None None $21.49 Page 16

18 Typical education needed for Work experience in a related Typical on-the-job training needed to attain competency in the Median June 2016*** Code Occupational Title** entry occupation occupation Computer Network Support Specialists Associate's degree None None $ Computer Occupations, All Other Bachelor's degree None None $ Operations Research Analysts Bachelor's degree None None $ Architecture & Engineering Occupations Architects, Ex Landscape & Naval Bachelor's degree None Internship/residency $ Surveyors Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Aerospace Engineers Bachelor's degree None None $ Chemical Engineers Bachelor's degree None None $ Civil Engineers Bachelor's degree None None $ Electrical Engineers Bachelor's degree None None $ Electronics Engineers, Ex Computer Bachelor's degree None None $ Environmental Engineers Bachelor's degree None None $ Health & Safety Engineers, Ex Mining Safety Engineers & Inspectors Bachelor's degree None None $ Industrial Engineers Bachelor's degree None None $ Materials Engineers Bachelor's degree None None $ Mechanical Engineers Bachelor's degree None None $ Engineers, All Other Bachelor's degree None None $ Architectural & Civil Drafters Associate's degree None None $ Electrical & Electronics Drafters Associate's degree None None $ Mechanical Drafters Associate's degree None None $ Civil Engineering Tech Associate's degree None None $ Electrical & Electronics Engineering Tech Associate's degree None None $ Electro-Mechanical Tech Associate's degree None None $ Industrial Engineering Tech Associate's degree None None $ Mechanical Engineering Tech Associate's degree None None $ Engineering Tech, Ex Drafters, All Other Associate's degree None None $ Surveying & Mapping Tech High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Life, Physical, & Social Science Occupations Biological Scientists, All Other Bachelor's degree None None $ Physicists Doctoral or professional degree None None $ Chemists Bachelor's degree None None $ Materials Scientists Bachelor's degree None None $ Clinical, Counseling, & School Psychologists Doctoral or professional degree None Internship/residency $ Urban & Regional Planners Master's degree None None $ Biological Tech Bachelor's degree None None $ Chemical Tech Associate's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Environmental Science & Protection Tech, Including Health Associate's degree None None $ Life, Physical, & Social Science Tech, All Other Associate's degree None None $ Community & Social Service Occupations Substance Abuse & Behavioral Disorder Counselors Bachelor's degree None None $ Educational, Guidance, School, & Vocational Counselors Master's degree None None $ Mental Health Counselors Master's degree None Internship/residency $ Rehabilitation Counselors Master's degree None None $ Counselors, All Other Master's degree None None $ Child, Family, & School Social Workers Bachelor's degree None None $ Mental Health & Substance Abuse Social Workers Bachelor's degree None None $ Social Workers, All Other Bachelor's degree None None $ Health Educators Bachelor's degree None None $ Probation Officers & Correctional Treatment Specialists Bachelor's degree None Short-term on-the-job training $ Social & Human Service Assistants High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other Master's degree None None $ Clergy Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Legal Occupations Lawyers Doctoral or professional degree None None $ Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, & Hearing Officers Doctoral or professional degree 5 years or more Short-term on-the-job training $ Paralegals & Legal Assistants Associate's degree None None $ Title Examiners, Abstractors, & Searchers High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Education, Training, & Library Occupations Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary Doctoral or professional degree None None $69, Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary Doctoral or professional degree None None $93, Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary Doctoral or professional degree None None $76, Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary Doctoral or professional degree Less than 5 years None $55, Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary Master's degree Less than 5 years None $68, Education Teachers, Postsecondary Doctoral or professional degree Less than 5 years None $69, Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary Master's degree None None $72, English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary Doctoral or professional degree None None $66,705 Page 17

19 Typical education needed for Work experience in a related Typical on-the-job training needed to attain competency in the Median June 2016*** Code Occupational Title** entry occupation occupation Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary Doctoral or professional degree None None $62, Vocational Education Teachers, Postsecondary Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Preschool Teachers, Ex Special Education Associate's degree None None $ Kindergarten Teachers, Ex Special Education Bachelor's degree None Internship/residency $48, Elementary School Teachers, Ex Special Education Bachelor's degree None Internship/residency $66, Middle School Teachers, Ex Special & Career/Technical Education Bachelor's degree None Internship/residency $58, Secondary School Teachers, Ex Special & Career/Technical Education Bachelor's degree None Internship/residency $61, Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years Internship/residency $73, Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten and Elementary School Bachelor's degree None Internship/residency $59, Special Education Teachers, Middle School Bachelor's degree None Internship/residency $65, Special Education Teachers, Secondary School Bachelor's degree None Internship/residency $65, Special Education Teachers, All Other Bachelor's degree None Internship/residency $72, Self-Enrichment Education Teachers High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None $ Curators Master's degree None None $ Librarians Master's degree None None $ Library Technicians Postsecondary non-degree award None None $ Instructional Coordinators Master's degree 5 years or more None $ Teacher Assistants Some college, no degree None None $28, Education, Training, & Library Workers, All Other Bachelor's degree None None $ Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, & Media Occupations Art Directors Bachelor's degree 5 years or more None $ Multi-Media Artists & Animators Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Commercial & Industrial Designers Bachelor's degree None None $ Floral Designers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Graphic Designers Bachelor's degree None None $ Interior Designers Bachelor's degree None None $ Merchandise Displayers & Window Trimmers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Producers & Directors Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Coaches & Scouts Bachelor's degree None None $25, Music Directors & Composers Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Radio & Television Announcers Bachelor's degree None Short-term on-the-job training $ Reporters & Correspondents Bachelor's degree None None $ Public Relations Specialists Bachelor's degree None None $ Editors Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years None $ Technical Writers Bachelor's degree Less than 5 years Short-term on-the-job training $ Writers & Authors Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Interpreters & Translators Bachelor's degree None Short-term on-the-job training $ Audio & Video Equipt Tech Postsecondary non-degree award None Short-term on-the-job training $ Broadcast Tech Associate's degree None Short-term on-the-job training $ Photographers High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Film and Video Editors Bachelor's degree None None $ Healthcare Practitioners & Technical Occupations Chiropractors Doctoral or professional degree None None $ Dentists, General Doctoral or professional degree None None $ Dietitians & Nutritionists Bachelor's degree None Internship/residency $ Optometrists Doctoral or professional degree None None $ Pharmacists Doctoral or professional degree None None $ Anesthesiologists Doctoral or professional degree None Internship/residency N/A Family & General Practitioners Doctoral or professional degree None Internship/residency $ Internists, General Doctoral or professional degree None Internship/residency $ Obstetricians & Gynecologists Doctoral or professional degree None Internship/residency N/A Psychiatrists Doctoral or professional degree None Internship/residency $ Surgeons Doctoral or professional degree None Internship/residency N/A Physicians & Surgeons, All Other Doctoral or professional degree None Internship/residency $ Physician Assistants Master's degree None None $ Podiatrists Doctoral or professional degree None Internship/residency $ Occupational Therapists Master's degree None None $ Physical Therapists Doctoral or professional degree None None $ Radiation Therapists Associate's degree None None $ Recreational Therapists Bachelor's degree None None $ Respiratory Therapists Associate's degree None None $ Speech-Language Pathologists Master's degree None None $ Exercise Physiologists Bachelor's degree None None $ Therapists, All Other Bachelor's degree None None $ Registered Nurses Bachelor's degree None None $ Nurse Anesthetists Master's degree None None $71.41 Page 18

20 Typical education needed for Work experience in a related Typical on-the-job training needed to attain competency in the Code Occupational Title** entry occupation occupation Nurse Practitioners Master's degree None None $ Health Diagnosing & Treating Practitioners, All Other Master's degree None None $ Dental Hygienists Associate's degree None None $ Cardiovascular Technologists & Tech Associate's degree None None $ Diagnostic Medical Sonographers Associate's degree None None $ Nuclear Medicine Technologists Associate's degree None None $ Radiologic Technologists Associate's degree None None $ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists Associate's degree Less than 5 years None $ Emergency Medical Tech & Paramedics Postsecondary non-degree award None None $ Pharmacy Tech High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Surgical Technologists Postsecondary non-degree award None None $ Veterinary Technologists & Tech Associate's degree None None $ Ophthalmic Medical Technicians Postsecondary non-degree award None None $ Licensed Practical & Licensed Vocational Nurses Postsecondary non-degree award None None $ Medical Records & Health Information Tech Postsecondary non-degree award None None $ Opticians, Dispensing High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Orthotists and Prosthetists Master's degree None Internship/residency $ Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other High school diploma or equivalent None None $ Occupational Health and Safety Specialists Bachelor's degree None None $ Occupational Health and Safety Technicians High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Workers, All Other Postsecondary non-degree award None None $ Healthcare Support Occupations Home Health Aides No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Nursing Assistants Postsecondary non-degree award None None $ Occupational Therapy Assistants Associate's degree None None $ Physical Therapist Assistants Associate's degree None None $ Massage Therapists Postsecondary non-degree award None None $ Dental Assistants Postsecondary non-degree award None None $ Medical Assistants Postsecondary non-degree award None None $ Medical Equipt Preparers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Veterinary Assistants & Laboratory Animal Caretakers High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Phlebotomists Postsecondary non-degree award None None $ Healthcare Support Workers, All Other High school diploma or equivalent None None $ Protective Service Occupations FL Sup of Correctional Officers High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training $ FL Sup of Police & Detectives High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training $ FL Sup of Fire Fighting & Prevention Workers Postsecondary non-degree award Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training $ FL Sup of Protective Service Workers, All Other High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None $ Firefighters Postsecondary non-degree award None Long-term on-the-job training $ Bailiffs High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Correctional Officers & Jailers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Detectives & Criminal Investigators High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Private Detectives & Investigators High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Security Guards High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Crossing Guards No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, & Other Recreational Protective Service Workers No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Protective Service Workers, All Other High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Food Preparation & Serving Related Occupations Chefs & Head Cooks High school diploma or equivalent 5 years or more None $ FL Sup of Food Preparation & Serving Workers High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None $ Cooks, Fast Food No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Cooks, Institution & Cafeteria No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Cooks, Restaurant No formal educational credential Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Food Preparation Workers No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Bartenders No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Combined Food Preparation & Serving Workers, Including Fast Food No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, & Coffee Shop No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Waiters & Waitresses No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Food Servers, Non-restaurant No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Dining Room & Cafeteria Attendants & Bartender Helpers No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Dishwashers No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Hosts & Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, & Coffee Shop No formal educational credential None None $ Building & Grounds Cleaning & Maintenance Occupations FL Sup of Housekeeping & Janitorial Workers High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None $ FL Sup of Landscaping, Lawn Service, & Grounds keeping Workers High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None $18.12 Median June 2016*** Page 19

21 Typical education needed for Work experience in a related Typical on-the-job training needed to attain competency in the Code Occupational Title** entry occupation occupation Janitors & Cleaners, Ex Maids & Housekeeping Cleaners No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Maids & Housekeeping Cleaners No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Landscaping & Grounds keeping Workers No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Personal Care & Service Occupations FL Sup of Personal Service Workers High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None $ Nonfarm Animal Caretakers High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Amusement & Recreation Attendants No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Locker Room, Coatroom, & Dressing Room Attendants High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Funeral Attendants High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Directors Associate's degree None Long-term on-the-job training $ Hairdressers, Hairstylists, & Cosmetologists Postsecondary non-degree award None None $ Manicurists and Pedicurists Postsecondary non-degree award None None $ Childcare Workers High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Personal Care Aides No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Fitness Trainers & Aerobics Instructors High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Recreation Workers High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Residential Advisors High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Personal Care & Service Workers, All Other High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Sales & Related Occupations FL Sup of Retail Sales Workers High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None $ FL Sup of Non-Retail Sales Workers High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None $ Cashiers No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Counter and Rental Clerks No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Retail Salespersons No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Advertising Sales Agents High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Insurance Sales Agents High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Securities, Commodities, & Financial Services Sales Agents Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Travel Agents High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Sales Rep, Services, All Other High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Sales Rep, Wholesale & Manufacturing, Technical & Scientific Products Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Sales Rep, Wholesale & Manufacturing, Ex Technical & Scientific Products High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Real Estate Sales Agents High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Sales Engineers Bachelor's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Telemarketers No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Sales and Related Workers, All Other High school diploma or equivalent None None $ Office & Administrative Support Occupations FL Sup of Office & Administrative Support Workers High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None $ Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Bill & Account Collectors High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Billing & Posting Clerks High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Bookkeeping, Accounting, & Auditing Clerks Some college, no degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Payroll & Timekeeping Clerks High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Procurement Clerks High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Tellers High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Brokerage Clerks High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Court, Municipal, & License Clerks High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Customer Service Rep High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ File Clerks High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Interviewers, Ex Eligibility & Loan High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Library Assistants, Clerical High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Loan Interviewers & Clerks High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Order Clerks High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Human Resources Assistants, Ex Payroll & Timekeeping Associate's degree None None $ Receptionists & Information Clerks High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Reservation & Transportation Ticket Agents & Travel Clerks High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Information & Record Clerks, All Other High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Cargo & Freight Agents High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Couriers & Messengers High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Police, Fire, & Ambulance Dispatchers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Dispatchers, Ex Police, Fire, & Ambulance High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Meter Readers, Utilities High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Postal Service Clerks High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Postal Service Mail Carriers High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $29.37 Median June 2016*** Page 20

22 Typical education needed for Work experience in a related Typical on-the-job training needed to attain competency in the Code Occupational Title** entry occupation occupation Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, & Processing Machine Operators High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Production, Planning, & Expediting Clerks High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Shipping, Receiving, & Traffic Clerks High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Stock Clerks & Order Fillers No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, & Samplers, Recordkeeping High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Executive Secretaries & Executive Administrative Assistants High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None $ Legal Secretaries High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Medical Secretaries High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Secretaries & Administrative Assistants, Ex Legal, Medical, & Executive High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Computer Operators High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Data Entry Keyers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Word Processors & Typists High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Insurance Claims & Policy Processing Clerks High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Mail Clerks & Mail Machine Operators, Ex Postal Service High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Office Clerks, General High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Office Machine Operators, Ex Computer High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Office and Administrative Support Workers, All Other High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Farming, Fishing, & Forestry Occupations Farmworkers & Laborers, Crop, Nursery, & Greenhouse No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, & Aquacultural Animals No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Construction & Extraction Occupations FL Sup of Construction Trades & Extraction Workers High school diploma or equivalent 5 years or more None $ Boilermakers High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship $ Brickmasons & Blockmasons High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship $ Carpenters High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship $ Carpet Installers No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Cement Masons & Concrete Finishers No formal educational credential None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Construction Laborers No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Paving, Surfacing, & Tamping Equipt Operators High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Operating Engineers & Other Construction Equipt Operators High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Electricians High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship $ Glaziers High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship $ Painters, Construction & Maintenance No formal educational credential None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Pipelayers No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Plumbers, Pipefitters, & Steamfitters High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship $ Roofers No formal educational credential None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Sheet Metal Workers High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship $ Structural Iron & Steel Workers High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship $ Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Construction & Building Inspectors High school diploma or equivalent 5 years or more Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Hazardous Materials Removal Workers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Highway Maintenance Workers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Septic Tank Servicers & Sewer Pipe Cleaners No formal educational credential None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Construction and Related Workers, All Other High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Installation, Maintenance, & Repair Occupations FL Sup of Mechanics, Installers, & Repairers High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None $ Computer, Automated Teller, & Office Machine Repairers Some college, no degree None Short-term on-the-job training $ Telecommunications Equipt Installers & Repairers, Ex Line Installers Postsecondary non-degree award None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Electric Motor, Power Tool, & Related Repairers Postsecondary non-degree award None Long-term on-the-job training $ Electrical & Electronics Repairers, Commercial & Industrial Equipt Postsecondary non-degree award None Long-term on-the-job training $ Electrical & Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, & Relay Postsecondary non-degree award None Long-term on-the-job training $ Security & Fire Alarm Systems Installers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Automotive Body & Related Repairers High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Automotive Service Tech & Mechanics Postsecondary non-degree award None Short-term on-the-job training $ Bus & Truck Mechanics & Diesel Engine Specialists High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Mobile Heavy Equipt Mechanics, Ex Engines High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Rail Car Repairers High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Outdoor Power Equipt & Other Small Engine Mechanics High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Tire Repairers & Changers High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Control & Valve Installers & Repairers, Ex Mechanical Door High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Heating, Air Conditioning, & Refrigeration Mechanics & Installers Postsecondary non-degree award None Long-term on-the-job training $ Industrial Machinery Mechanics High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Maintenance Workers, Machinery High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Millwrights High school diploma or equivalent None Apprenticeship $ Electrical Power-Line Installers & Repairers High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $32.73 Median June 2016*** Page 21

23 Typical education needed for Work experience in a related Typical on-the-job training needed to attain competency in the Median June 2016*** Code Occupational Title** entry occupation occupation Medical Equipt Repairers Associate's degree None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Maintenance & Repair Workers, General High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Coin, Vending, & Amusement Machine Servicers & Repairers High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Locksmiths & Safe Repairers High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, & Repair Workers High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Production Occupations FL Sup of Production & Operating Workers High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None $ Electrical & Electronic Equipt Assemblers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Electromechanical Equipt Assemblers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Structural Metal Fabricators & Fitters High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Team Assemblers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Assemblers & Fabricators, All Other High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Bakers No formal educational credential None Long-term on-the-job training $ Butchers & Meat Cutters No formal educational credential None Long-term on-the-job training $ Meat, Poultry, & Fish Cutters & Trimmers No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Slaughterers & Meat Packers No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Food Batchmakers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Food Cooking Machine O/T High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, M/P High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Computer Numerically Controlled Machine Tool Programmers, M/P High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Extruding & Drawing Machine S/O/T, M/P High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Forging Machine S/O/T, M/P High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Rolling Machine S/O/T, M/P High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Cutting, Punching, & Press Machine S/O/T, M/P High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Drilling & Boring Machine Tool S/O/T, M/P High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, & Buffing Machine Tool S/O/T, M/P High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Lathe & Turning Machine Tool S/O/T, M/P High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Milling & Planing Machine S/O/T, M/P High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Machinists High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Metal-Refining Furnace O/T High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Pourers & Casters, Metal High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Foundry Mold & Coremakers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Molding, Coremaking, & Casting Machine S/O/T, M/P High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Tool & Die Makers High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Welders, Cutters, Solderers, & Brazers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Welding, Soldering, & Brazing Machine S/O/T High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Heat Treating Equipt S/O/T, M/P High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Plating & Coating Machine S/O/T, M/P High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Metal Workers & Plastic Workers, All Other High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Prepress Technicians and Workers Postsecondary non-degree award None None $ Printing Press Operators High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Print Binding and Finishing Workers High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Laundry & Dry-Cleaning Workers No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Pressers, Textile, Garment, & Related Materials No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Sewing Machine Operators No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Upholsterers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Cabinetmakers & Bench Carpenters High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Power Distributors & Dispatchers High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Power Plant Operators High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Stationary Engineers & Boiler Operators High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Water & Wastewater Treatment Plant & System Operators High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Chemical Plant & System Operators High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, & Still Machine S/O/T High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Crushing, Grinding, & Polishing Machine S/O/T High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Grinding & Polishing Workers, Hand No formal educational credential None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Cutting & Slicing Machine S/O/T High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Extruding, Forming, Pressing, & Compacting Machine S/O/T High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, & Kettle O/T High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, & Weighers High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Dental Laboratory Tech High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Medical Appliance Technicians High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Packaging & Filling Machine O/T High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $14.31 Page 22

24 Typical education needed for Work experience in a related Typical on-the-job training needed to attain competency in the Median June 2016*** Code Occupational Title** entry occupation occupation Coating, Painting, & Spraying Machine S/O/T High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Painters, Transportation Equipt High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Photographic Process Workers & Processing Machine Operators High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Adhesive Bonding Machine Operators and Tenders High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Cleaning, Washing, & Metal Pickling Equipt O/T No formal educational credential None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Molders, Shapers, & Casters, Ex M/P High school diploma or equivalent None Long-term on-the-job training $ Paper Goods Machine S/O/T High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Helpers--Production Workers No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Production Workers, All Other High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Transportation & Material Moving Occupations FL Sup of Transportation & Material-Moving Machine & Vehicle Operators High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years None $ Commercial Pilots High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $103, Air Traffic Controllers Associate's degree None Long-term on-the-job training $ Flight Attendants High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training $51, Bus Drivers, Transit & Intercity High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Bus Drivers, School or Special Client High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Driver/Sales Workers High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Heavy & Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Postsecondary non-degree award None Short-term on-the-job training $ Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Taxi Drivers & Chauffeurs No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Parking Lot Attendants No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Automotive & Watercraft Service Attendants No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Transportation Inspectors High school diploma or equivalent None Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Transportation Attendants, Ex Flight Attendants High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Transportation Workers, All Other High school diploma or equivalent None Short-term on-the-job training $ Conveyor Operators and Tenders No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Crane & Tower Operators High school diploma or equivalent Less than 5 years Moderate-term on-the-job training $ Industrial Truck & Tractor Operators No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Cleaners of Vehicles & Equipt No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Laborers & Freight, Stock, & Material Movers, Hand No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Machine Feeders & Offbearers No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Packers & Packagers, Hand No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $ Refuse & Recyclable Material Collectors No formal educational credential None Short-term on-the-job training $18.55 *Occupations with 100 or more workers. **Abbreviations AO = All Other FL Sup/Mgrs = First-Line Supervisors/Managers M/P = Metal and Plastic PS = Postsecondary O/T = Operators and Tenders S/O/T = Setters, Operators and Tenders National Wages Certain occupations only report wages at the annual level - for elementary and secondary teachers this typically reflects a 9 1/2 month school year. ***2015 wages statistically aged to June 2016 Source: Ohio Department of Job and Family Services, Bureau of Labor Market Information, June Page 23

25 Ohio Department of Job and Family Services Office of Workforce Development P.O. Box 1618 Columbus, OH Bureau of Labor Market Information Business Principles for Workforce Development Partner with the workforce and economic development community. Develop and deploy new information solution tools and systems for the workforce and economic development community. Provide products and services that are customer- and demand-driven. Be known as an important and reliable source for information solutions that support workforce development goals and outcomes. Acknowledgments: The Workforce Research Section produced this report under the direction of Bureau Chief Coretta Pettway. For further information, visit or call the Ohio Bureau of Labor Market Information at option 6, or (614) John R. Kasich, Governor State of Ohio Cynthia C. Dungey, Director Ohio Department of Job and Family Services Office of Workforce Development Bureau of Labor Market Information This institution is an equal opportunity provider and employer. A proud partner of the American Job Center Network. This workforce product was funded by a grant awarded by the U.S. Department of Labor s Employment and Training Administration. The product was created by the recipient and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability, or ownership. This product is copyrighted by the institution that created it. Internal use by an organization and/or personal use by an individual for non-commercial purposes is permissible. All other uses require the prior authorization of the copyright owner.

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