How to increase the quality. Indonesia. David Elek Global Director for Emerging Markets Jakarta 23 June 2011

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1 How to increase the quality and quantity of research in Indonesia David Elek Global Director for Emerging Markets Jakarta 23 June 2011

2 The Research Cycle and the Role of the Scientist Scientist as creator of scientific information Scientist as user of scientific information Develop research idea Registration, Access to content precondition dissemination, Awareness certification and archival of scientific research Literature review Publish research results Funding Conduct research 2 Not redoing existing research

3 Scientists spend almost 12 hours per week on information tasks 11.7 Median hours per wee ek Analyzing and applying information Gathering, looking for or pulling information together 3 Source: Outsell Information markets & Users Database; N=2,070 Faculty, Graduate Students and R&D/Science professionals

subscriptions The bulk (66% of total costs) is spent on conducting the research Another 29% of total costs is incurred in the

4 Costs of the global research system: publishing accounts for less than 4% of total costs Less than 4% of total costs incur by publishing and dissemination of research results Library costs excl. subscriptions The bulk (66% of total costs) is spent on conducting the research Another 29% of total costs is incurred in the researchers time for searching and reading research results 4 Source: Activities, costs and funding flows in the scholarly communications system in the UK, Summary Report, RIN May 2008

5 University budgets: Less than 1% is spent on scientific information US University and Library Spend 2008 Other 14% Other 59% Staff 46% Library 1.8% Research 10% Instruction 30% Books 13% Journals 27% Scientific information = 0.7% of total costs (1.8%*40%) University Library 5 Source: US National Center for Education Statistics

The Return of Investment (ROI) of Academic Libraries The Lib-Value Project: Background Institute of Museum and Library Services-funded grant headed by Professor Carol Tenopir Phase 1: Pilot project

6 The Return of Investment (ROI) of Academic Libraries The Lib-Value Project: Background Institute of Museum and Library Services-funded grant headed by Professor Carol Tenopir Phase 1: Pilot project with the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champagne in the US to develop a quantitative measure of the library s return on investment (ROI) by tying faculty s use of library materials to the generation of grant income Phase 2: Extension of Phase 1 to nine Universities worldwide Phase 3: Research on additional areas where libraries provide value: teaching / learning, research, and the social, professional, and public engagement functions of the library (to be completed 2012) Results of Faculty Survey (Phase 2) Survey respondents report that they spend at least 3.5 hours per week finding and accessing articles, and at least 9.8 hours reading articles Nearly all faculty state that is important, very important, or essential to cite references to journal articles or books in their grant proposals Most respondents access at least half of the articles and books they cite in grant proposals, reports, and publications from their institutional library e-resource collections ROI of Academic Libraries (Phase 2) For every Dollar invested in the library, the universities received a ROI of up to 16 Dollar in research grant income; with exception of two Universities the ROI was positive If the portion of the library budget that is just related to e-collections is used, the ROI rates range from 6 to 155 In two North American universities, regression analysis using 10 years of data shows that an increase in the library budget is correlated with an increase in grant funding 6 Source: Carol Tenopir - University Investment in the Library, Phase II: An International Study of the Library's Value to the Grants Process 2010

5% Total researchers in full-time equivalent CAGR: 3.9% Journal Article Output CAGR: 3.

7 Increase in R&D expenditures leads to more researchers and more publications R&D Expenditures Number of Researchers Article Output Higher education expenditure on Research & Development CAGR: 4.5% Total researchers in full-time equivalent CAGR: 3.9% Journal Article Output CAGR: 3.5% Source: OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators 1/2010; ThomsonReuters Journal Citations Reports Science Edition

8 UK study: Journal use and expenditure strongly correlate with research outcomes The evidence provided suggests a tentative link between e-journal consumption and research outcomes. 8 Source: E-journals: their use, value and impact; CIBER (commissioned by RIN); April 2009

9 9

10 Some numbers on the scientific publishing market Journals: 18,000 to 20,000 English-language journals 2,000+ journals publishers 1.2 million journal articles per year 1.5 million different authors per year Books: 50,000 new English-language academic/scholarly books per year 10 1,000+ academic/scholarly book publishers

11 Example: International Journal Publishing in Mathematics 11

12 Example: International Journal Publishing in Mathematics In Ulrichs Serial database, 776 titles are listed in Mathematics (includes non-journal periodicals) Number of reseach titles = approx. 600 English as medium of international publications Top 6 publishers publish about 250 titles (~42% of the total) Springer(114), Elsevier(65), Wiley(21), World Scientific(20), 12 AMS (16), Cambridge University Press(14)

13 Total Mathematics Market - Citations 13

14 Mathematics Output by Region 3,022 4,081 4,399 5, , ,

15 Mathematics article output by country (Asia) Country Documents Citable documents Citations Self-Citations Citations per Document H index 1 China , Japan , South Korea , India , Taiwan , Hong Kong , Singapore , Malaysia , Viet Nam , Pakistan , Thailand , Uzbekistan , Kazakhstan , Indonesia , Philippines , Bangladesh , Sri Lanka , Tajikistan , Macao ,12 7 Retrieved from: 15

16 Number of Springer authors in Mathematics by country Source: Author Mapper database. (Free!) United States (55311) Germany (25882) Russia (25297) China (17806) France (14495) Italy (11103) United Kingdom (9850) Canada (8898) Japan (6679) Ukraine (5197) India (4968) Israel (4720) Spain (4416) Hungary (4021) Poland (3781) Switzerland (3411) Australia (3380) Then a big gap until: Singapore (595) Taiwan (529) Vietnam (421) Thailand (147) Malaysia (104) Philippines (44) Bangladesh (20) Indonesia (19) Papua New Guinea (10) Myanmar (6) 16

17 Question Why are there so few authors from the Philippines (44), Indonesia (19), etc. yet many more from Ukraine (5197), Spain (4416), even Vietnam (421) for example? 17

18 Answer There is a direct relationship between the number of articles downloaded by a researcher or institution and the number of articles published. I.e. Access to high-quality content leads to more and better research output. Low amount of content available = low amount of papers being produced. 18

19 Agriculture & Biological Sciences article output by country (Asia) Country Documents Citable documents Citations Self-Citations Citations per Document H index 1 Japan , China , India , South Korea , Taiwan , Thailand , Pakistan , Malaysia , Hong Kong , Philippines , Indonesia , Singapore , Bangladesh , Viet Nam , Sri Lanka , Nepal , Uzbekistan , Kazakhstan ,98 19 Retrieved from: 19

20 Number of Springer authors in Biomedicine by country 20 Source: Author Mapper database. (Free!) United States (77559) Germany (63377) United Kingdom (24438) Then a big gap until: Japan (16594) France (14509) Malaysia (365) Russia (12315) Pakistan (276) Italy (11792) Indonesia (140) Canada (11030) Vietnam (94) Switzerland (8701) Philippines (71) Netherlands (8286) Bangladesh (68) Sweden (8241) Burkina Faso (64) Australia (7655) Azerbaijan (61) Austria (6571) Uzbekistan (60) China (5735) Spain (5573)

21 Environmental Science article output by country (Asia) Country Documents Citable documents Citations Self-Citations Citations per Document H index 1 China , Japan , India , South Korea , Taiwan , Hong Kong , Thailand , Singapore , Malaysia , Indonesia , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Philippines , Sri Lanka , Viet Nam , Nepal , Kazakhstan , Mongolia , Uzbekistan ,45 13 Retrieved from: 21

22 Number of Springer authors in Environmental Science by country Source: Author Mapper database. (Free!) United States (22843) 22 Germany (5893) Canada (5472) United Kingdom (4265) India (3613) China (2821) Japan (2794) Italy (2709) Australia (2638) Spain (2245) France (2005) Sweden (1844) Netherlands (1739) Switzerland (1169) Belgium (1081) Then a big gap until: Thailand (415) Taiwan (339) Malaysia (279) Iran (272) Philippines (249) Pakistan (241) Indonesia (161) Bangladesh (160) Estonia (137) Vietnam (111) Lithuania (93)

23 Computer Science article output by country (Asia) Country Documents Citable documents Citations Self-Citations Citations per Document H index 1 China , Japan , South Korea , Taiwan , India , Hong Kong , Singapore , Malaysia , Thailand , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Viet Nam , Indonesia , Macao , Philippines , Sri Lanka , Kazakhstan Uzbekistan , Nepal ,64 2 Retrieved from: 23

24 Number of Springer authors in Computer Science by country Source: Author Mapper database. (Free!) United States (74766) 24 Germany (42389) United Kingdom (30065) China (30019) France (25663) Japan (19614) Italy (18657) Spain (16963) Canada (15011) South Korea (14776) Australia (11538) Netherlands (8766) Switzerland (7075) Poland (6817) India (6643) Then a big gap until: Malaysia (1000) Thailand (673) Pakistan (430) Vietnam (197) Bangladesh (128) Indonesia (119) Macao (111) Philippines (106) Azerbaijan (63)

25 Why publish? Scientific research and the publishing of this research: raises the national profile, encourages international collaboration, boosts innovation and business, keeps you ahead of the competition, stops the Brain-Drain. 25

26 26 The Google Generation

27 Springer now world s largest publisher Journals: Over 2000 active titles 27 Books: Over 6000 new titles per year, 4000 in English Databases: Springer Protocols Springer Images Springer Materials Locations: 60 publishing houses in 20 countries throughout Europe, Asia, US

28 Journals First journal published in 1850 Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata Followed by: Plant Systematics and Evolution in 1851 De Economist in 1852 Journal of Ornithology in 1853 Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology in 1854 All of these are still being published 28

29 Journals key subject areas Medicine Health Psychiatry Psychology Life Sciences Food Science Environ. Science Chemistry Biology Physics Mathematics Astronomy Engineering Computer science Geosciences Social Sciences Agriculture Economics Business Management Philosophy Linguistics Education Law Humanities and, and, and Many of Springer s journals are ranked in ISI with high Impact Factors (IF).

30 Journals 80% of Springer journals are in English. 21% of all Nobel Prize winners are Springer authors. 30

31 Springer publishing choices You can choose (books / journals) (print / electronic) (traditional / open access) 31

32 Summary: The Four Pillars of Springer s offer 1. Products - content, content, content. 32

33 The four pillars.. 2. Publishing improving research, raising the national profile 33

34 The four pillars.. 3. Partnership Springer can train your authors to write more and better articles 34

35 The four pillars.. 4. Price we offer country-specific big discounts 35

36 Springer your one-stop-shop to improve academic output and support your national research infrastructure 36

37 37 THANK YOU Heidelberg with Venus April

Introduction Research Teaching Cooperation Faculties. University of Oulu

Introduction Research Teaching Cooperation Faculties. University of Oulu University of Oulu Founded in 1958 faculties 1 000 students 2900 employees Total funding EUR 22 million Among the largest universities in Finland with an exceptionally wide scientific base Three universities