I always treat all my kids the same! -a teacher

Transcription

1 I always treat all my kids the same! -a teacher

2 Equality Equity

3 Poverty must not be a bar to learning, and learning must offer an escape from poverty, President Lyndon Johnson, 1965

4 Changes in Rate of Child Poverty Affects Classrooms

5 What is poverty, by the numbers? Approximately $24,000 for a family of four with two children. A. Minimum wage: $7.25 per hour. Full time, full year employment at the minumum wage rate: $15,080/year B. $10 per hour, full time full year employment, no missed days: $20,800/year

6 Number of children living in poverty in million White children 10.8 million Hispanic children 6.2 million Black children 1.4 million Other races 1.0 million Asian children 0.3 million American Indian children Source: National Center For Children In Poverty, Columbia University. Retrieved October 25,

7 Source: National Center for Education Statistics, retrieved October 5, 2017 at nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/pdf/coe_cce.pdf

8 International comparisons of US math and reading scores can be deceptive If the United States had a social class composition in public schools similar to that of internationally top-ranking nations: A. U.S. rankings would rise to 6th from 14th in reading and to 13th from 25th in math. C. The gap between U.S. students and those from the highestachieving countries would be cut in half in reading and by at least a third in math.

9 All [NC] public school students in grades three through eight take End-of-Grade (EOG) tests in math and reading. Scores from the school year demonstrate that 58 percent of these students failed the math test and 56 percent failed the reading test. Students in particular subgroups fared much worse on the EOG tests: 78 percent of African-American students, 67 percent of Hispanic students, 72 percent of economically disadvantaged students, 88 percent of students with disabilities, and 83 percent of students with limited English proficiency failed the math EOG test; and 74 percent of African-American students, 71 percent of Hispanic students, 71 percent of economically disadvantaged students, 87 percent of students with disabilities, and 90 percent of students with limited English proficiency failed the reading EOG test. (NC Dept. Pub. Instruction, Reports of Disaggregated State, School System (LEA) and School Performance Data for , available at disag, from NCBar.org )

10 In North Carolina, 53 percent of public school students live in poverty the 15th highest among the 50 states

11 The beginning 1994 Original plaintiff school districts were relatively low wealth: Cumberland Halifax Hoke Robeson Vance They were joined by relatively high wealth districts: City of Asheville Buncombe Wake Forsyth Mecklenburg Durham

12 The Leandro Ruling (1997) A. Each child has a right under the NC constitution to a sound basic education B. However, per pupil expenditure does not have to be equal across districts.

13 A sound basic education provides the child with the following: 1. Sufficient ability to read, write and speak the English language and a sufficient knowledge of fundamental mathematics and physical science to enable the student to function in a complex and rapidly changing society; 2. Sufficient fundamental knowledge of geography, history, and basic economic and political systems to enable the student to make informed choices with regard to issues that affect the student personally or affect the student's community, state, and nation; (continued on next slide)

14 Definition of a sound basic education, continued: 3. Sufficient academic and vocational skills to enable the student to successfully engage in post-secondary education or vocational training; and 4. Sufficient academic and vocational skills to enable the student to compete on an equal basis with others in further formal education or gainful employment in contemporary society."

15 Added in 2002 (court mandate) A. A well-trained, competent teacher in every classroom B. A well-trained, competent principal in every school C. Enough resources that every child has an equal opportunity for education

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22 What It Buys STATE FUNDING Funding for personnel and services necessary for basic instruction. Allocations based on student and personnel numbers and district characteristics. Supplemental funding to small county school systems and low wealth school systems in an attempt to close the gap between resource-rich and resource-poor districts. FEDERAL FUNDING Federal grants are accessible by competitive grant programs, state plans or applications, or direct appropriation. Many federal programs are targeted to low-income students and students with disabilities. Child nutrition is federally funded. LOCAL FUNDING Provides facilities (buildings), arts and language courses, advanced coursework, salary supplements, and additional teachers and staff. Local funding varies greatly between districts because it is based on local property tax levels

23 NC School Funding Sources

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26 How this happens: See, RANKING OF ADJUSTED PROPERTY VALUATIONS PER STUDENT (Next chart) This is the total adjusted property valuation for each county divided by the number of students in membership in the county. The property valuation was adjusted using a three-year weighted average of the Sales/Assessment Ratios. This represents the real estate wealth available to counties to support education. -Source: 2016 Local School Finance Study, NC Public School Forum

27 TABLE 1: RANKING OF ADJUSTED PROPERTY VALUATIONS PER STUDENT This table reflects the real estate wealth available to counties to support education. The ranking is based on the total adjusted property valuation for each county, divided by the number of students attending public school in the county. The property valuation was adjusted using a three-year weighted average of the Sales/Assessment Ratios. COUNTIES RANK PREVIOUS YEAR S RANK LAST YEAR REVALUED EFFECTIVE COUNTY TAX RATE ADJUSTED PROPERTY TAX BASE FINAL ADM ADJUSTED PROPERTY TAX BASE PER ADM Dare $0.40 $13,508,705, ,970 $2,718, Jackson $0.38 $8,660,677, ,925 $2,206, Avery $0.41 $4,488,947, ,174 $2,064, Watauga $0.32 $8,910,703, ,478 $1,989, Brunswick $0.47 $23,374,581, ,185 $1,772, Hyde $0.72 $1,032,166, $1,743, Macon $0.35 $7,558,664, ,352 $1,736, Carteret $0.32 $14,153,242, ,604 $1,644, Transylvania $0.45 $5,905,904, ,725 $1,585, Currituck $0.46 $6,069,697, ,884 $1,562, Ashe $0.43 $3,861,129, ,157 $1,223, Clay $0.48 $1,607,935, ,332 $1,207, New Hanover $0.53 $30,376,594, ,998 $1,168, Pamlico $0.55 $1,778,740, ,524 $1,167, Polk $0.52 $2,755,851, ,375 $1,160, Yancey $0.49 $2,652,057, ,311 $1,147, Alleghany $0.54 $1,606,325, ,434 $1,120, Graham $0.46 $1,249,331, ,190 $1,049, Perquimans $0.56 $1,746,316, ,771 $986, Buncombe $0.54 $29,820,223, ,493 $977, Chatham $0.65 $8,852,346, ,054 $977, Haywood $0.56 $7,088,381, ,426 $954, Mitchell $0.42 $1,870,217, ,965 $951, Warren $0.74 $2,317,246, ,543 $911, Madison $0.46 $2,289,657, ,518 $909, Moore $0.48 $11,844,605, ,198 $897, Henderson $0.52 $12,186,741, ,716 $888, Cherokee $0.54 $2,926,788, ,486 $839, Tyrrell $0.78 $449,190, $836, Northampton $0.98 $1,946,648, ,351 $828, Durham $0.80 $30,027,873, ,860 $793, Orange $0.88 $15,859,315, ,205 $784, Mecklenburg $0.79 $119,287,967, ,193 $778, Beaufort $0.58 $5,533,780, ,244 $763, Swain $0.36 $1,550,907, ,058 $753, Person $0.71 $4,236,216, ,625 $753, Wake $0.57 $117,432,195, ,357 $736, Jones $0.74 $801,816, ,099 $729, Pender $0.53 $6,232,289, ,704 $716, Iredell $0.50 $20,291,936, ,555 $710, Montgomery $0.60 $2,822,492, ,157 $678, Chowan $0.71 $1,475,718, ,211 $667, Lincoln $0.62 $8,214,512, ,313 $667, Catawba $0.54 $16,031,880, ,121 $664, Davie $0.68 $4,036,818, ,380 $632, Rutherford $0.62 $5,916,509, ,438 $626, Guilford $0.76 $46,675,847, ,340 $619, Craven $0.52 $8,922,183, ,433 $618, Forsyth $0.71 $32,013,247, ,608 $575, Pasquotank $0.68 $3,199,099, ,648 $566, Rowan $0.66 $11,219,269, ,813 $566, McDowell $0.53 $3,526,448, ,359 $554, Wilkes $0.64 $5,478,182, ,900 $553, Stokes $0.61 $3,611,508, ,558 $550, Onslow $0.59 $13,779,514, ,084 $549, Bladen $0.72 $2,685,287, ,002 $536, Cabarrus $0.69 $19,443,610, ,285 $535, Martin $0.76 $1,965,809, ,677 $534, Camden $0.73 $1,004,097, ,888 $531, Caswell $0.65 $1,547,308, ,916 $530, Stanly $0.64 $4,511,398, ,808 $512, Washington $0.82 $861,800, ,690 $509, Lee $0.72 $5,048,868, ,954 $507, Rockingham $0.72 $6,773,967, ,361 $506, Yadkin $0.72 $2,760,343, ,463 $505, Caldwell $0.60 $6,106,676, ,094 $504, Davidson $0.57 $12,682,817, ,222 $502, Alamance $0.58 $11,781,303, ,523 $500, Union $0.76 $21,270,977, ,640 $498, Alexander $0.61 $2,568,497, ,251 $489, Pitt $0.68 $11,491,347, ,711 $484, Gates $0.83 $797,127, ,650 $483, Burke $0.69 $6,210,896, ,944 $479, Cleveland $0.77 $7,548,409, ,821 $477, Franklin $0.84 $4,405,255, ,295 $473, Wilson $0.80 $6,224,807, ,151 $473, Hertford $0.93 $1,417,535, ,029 $467, Anson $0.84 $1,651,554, ,578 $461, Surry $0.58 $5,341,637, ,634 $459, Randolph $0.62 $10,307,903, ,934 $449, Halifax $0.69 $3,619,518, ,055 $449, Granville $0.87 $3,908,176, ,749 $446, Gaston $0.94 $14,346,103, ,732 $438, Edgecombe $0.89 $3,031,774, ,966 $435, Bertie $0.81 $1,118,378, ,604 $429, Lenoir $0.83 $3,978,786, ,325 $426, Cumberland $0.77 $21,824,328, ,558 $423, Duplin $0.69 $4,055,529, ,598 $422, Nash $0.67 $7,054,852, ,918 $417, Wayne $0.67 $7,830,354, ,104 $409, Columbus $0.75 $3,641,269, ,086 $400, Johnston $0.78 $13,804,483, ,511 $400, Richmond $0.84 $3,023,791, ,599 $397, Harnett $0.75 $7,714,777, ,122 $383, Hoke $0.71 $3,033,359, ,393 $361, Sampson $0.81 $4,052,644, ,518 $351, Scotland $1.08 $2,001,667, ,013 $332, Greene $0.82 $1,025,478, ,150 $325, Vance $1.01 $2,369,333, ,349 $322, Robeson $0.76 $6,066,402, ,704 $255, State Total/Average $984,977,404, ,492,106 $760, > APPENDICES 13 <

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30 The Source of Local Funding: Real Estate Taxes

31 Local Funding Source Example House 1 $40, x.83 $322 (in property taxes) House 2 $350, x.43 $1,505 (in property taxes) $.83 & $.43 are the approximate tax rates of the ten poorest and ten wealthiest counties in NC, respectively

32 July 20, 2017 Leandro Ruling Update The State and the school districts (the plaintiffs) agree to: Jointly nominate an independent, non-party consultant to the court by Oct. 30, 2017 or, if they can t agree on one, they ll nominate three possibile choices. What influence can this consultant have on the legislature? Unknown. Governor Cooper will appoint: A Governor s Commission on Access to Sound Basic Education. What influence can this Commisson have on the legislature? Unknown.

33 Source: Education Week

34 Source: Education Week

35 International comparisons of US math and reading scores can be deceptive. "You can't compare nations' test scores without looking at the social class characteristics of students who take the test in different countries Nations with more lower social class students will have lower overall scores, because these students don't perform as well academically, even in good schools. Policymakers should understand how our lower and higher social class students perform in comparison to similar students in other countries before recommending sweeping school reforms. Martin Carnoy, Economic Policy Institute Report, 2013