FACULTY OF LAW LL.B. Three Year Course

Transcription

1 UNIVERSITY OF ALLAHABAD LAT 2017 Please visit OR Admission-2017 link for more details. FACULTY OF LAW LL.B. Three Year Course SESSION Important event Online Registration and Submission process begins Last Date of Submission of Online Registration Last date to deposit fees and submission of form ONLINE Date of Donloadings Admit Cards Online only Date of Entrance Test Dates / Time 21 April May May 2017 From One week before the date of examination 07 June 2017 (Wednesday) IMPORTANT NOTE 1. The applicant must take due care while filling up the online form. The information provided by the applicant in his/her form shall not be changed or altered in any case and the University will not entertain such request under any circumstance. The University Shall not be liable for any mistake made by the applicant. 2. There is no provision of revaluation/scrutiny. 3. In case of any discrepancy in Hindi version, English version of the brochure will be treated as correct version. Department of Law a Brief History: With the establishment of the High Court at Allahabad in 1866, need for advocates was felt for practicing in the High Court and the District Courts. The minimum qualification to become an advocate was Barrister from England or Bachelor of Laws degree after graduation from Calcutta University. As such teaching of Laws was 1

2 commenced in Muir Central College of Allahabad, affiliated to Calcutta University (estab.1857) on December 31 s " 1872 with 39 students in English Section and 10 in Urdu Section. When in 1887 Allahabad University was established as teaching-cumaffiliating University, the Law Department also obtained a raised stature accordingly. Hon'ble Justice D. Straight was appointed the first President of Law Department in By an order of the Government in Council of United Provinces, the Department of Legal Studies became a separate single department /Faculty of the University along with the Faculties of Arts, Sciences and Commerce in the Muir College campus of the University. Under the Indian University Act of 1904, the posts of Professor, Reader and Lecturer were recognized for the University. The Law Department functioned in Muir College from 1872 onwards till the new building of immense architectural beauty was constructed for the Law Faculty around 1910, adjacent to Senate on the northern side by the donations provided by the Oudh Bar Association. However, till 1921 the Law Department functioned with advocates as Part-time teachers holding all the three cadres. In 1921, When the University was re-organized as a residential University by an Act of the United Province of British India Professor Weir, a distinguished jurist, became first Head of Law Department. In 1936 two full time posts of Reader were created on which Prof. K.K. Bhattacharya, LL.M. (London) and Prof. K.R.R. Shastri, ML (Madras) were appointed. Professor K.K. Bhattacharya became first fulltime Professor in Law department in On account of shortage of accommodation there was difficulty in holding of tutorials in LL.B classes and in the expansion of the Law Library. So the Law Department was shifted to the new building which was constructed by UGC grants in the Chatham Lines Campus of which Hon'ble Mr. A. K. Sen, the then Law Minister of India, had laid the foundation stone in The transfer of Law Department to the new building was completed in early 1980s. Recently in 2016 Law Faculty has been provided a new building adjacent to the existing one of which First Phase of Construction is almost complete. There had been intimate relationship between the High Court and the Department when part-time Professor and Part-time Reader were allowed to be appointed from High Court Bar. Shri A. P. Dube, Bar- at Law, an eminent advocate was the last part-time Professor and Head. In 1949, Professor K. K.Bhattacharya became the first full-time Professor and Head of the Law Department. The law Department continued to have four posts of part-time Lecturers. It is notable that Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, Pandit Moti Lal Nehru, Sir Sundar Lal and Dr. Kailash Nath Katju have been part-time teachers in the Law Department. Before they became Judges, Justice Iqbal Ahmad, Justice Wali Ullah, Justice P.N. Sapru, Justice M.H. Beg & Justice M.N. Shukla worked as a part-time teachers with the Law Department. Two Judges of High Court have consistently been members, each of Board of Studies and Faculty Board of Law. The Law Department has the honour of producing legal personalities which have had their role not only in the field of Law but also in the entire life of the nation. A few names like Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru. Dr. Kailash Nath Katju and Justice Wali Ullah who had obtained LL.D from the Law Department as regular candidates may be mentioned. Chief Justice Das of the Supreme Court of India had been awarded LL.D (Honours) in Prof. K. K. Bhattacharya. Dean & Head of Law Department was nominated as MP by the President of India to the Federal unicameral Parliament of India under the Constitution of India in

3 Some DistinguishedAlumni ofthe Department: 1. Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma, Former President of India. 2. Dr. G. S. Pathak, FormerVice-President of India. 3. Former Chief Justice of India R.S. Pathak, M.H. Beg, J.S. Verma, Ranga Nath Mishra, K. N. Singh and V.N. Khare JJ. 4. Legal Luminaries like Dr. K. N. Katju, Dr. Rajiv Dhawan, Prof.. K.N. Sharma. 5. Sri T. N. Chaturvedi, Governor of Karnataka. 6. Sri Keshri Nathe Tripathi, Governor of West Bangal 7. Sri Shubhash C. Kashyap, Former Secretary General, Lok Sabha. 8. A number of Chief Justices and Justices of various High Court and many others. Degree Awarded by The Law Faculty: The Department / Faculty of Law awards Degrees in Law at Undergraduate. Post Graduate and at Doctoral and Post-Doctoral levels. (1) B.A.LL.B. (Hons.) (2) LL.B. (Hons.) (3) LL.M. (4) D.Phil. (5) LL.D. Research Activities The Department is engaged in various research areas including law relating to Human Rights, Intellectual Property, Environment Law and Cyber Law in addition to the traditional fields of constitution Law and Personal Law. Constituent Colleges Imparting Legal Education: Chaudhary Mahadeo Prasad Degree College (CMP Degree College) Allahabad Degree College (ADC) LL.B. Test and Admissions for The Session This Prospectus comprises following 4 (Four) parts: Part I Part II Rules for Admissions Form and pattern of Entrance Test Part III Online form submission for Law Admission Test-LAT 2017 Part IV Important information pertaining to Admission for LL.B. I year session Note: This brochure is being issued in Hindi and English version and incase there is any discrepancy between the two version, the English version shall prevail. 3

4 PART - I Rules for Admission Rules and Procedure for admission to LL.B. first year in the Law Department, Allahabad University or constituent colleges thereof are as following: (1) Law Admission Test: A Law Admission Test shall be held for admission to LL.B Three year Course. A candidate who is eligible (See Rule 02 for Eligibility Criteria) has to appear in the Entrance Test. (i) a Foreign National, or (ii) a Non-Resident Indian (i.e., a citizen of India domiciled abroad) and who has graduated from a foreign University, shall not be required to appear in the Admission Test and shall be considered for admission in accordance with Rule 03 (B). (2) Eligibility: (a) (b) Three Year Law Degree Course: An applicant who has graduated in any discipline of knowledge from a University established by an Act of Parliament or by a State legislature or an equivalent national institution recognized as a Deemed to be University or Foreign University recognized as equivalent to the status of an Indian University by an authority competent to declare equivalence, may apply for a three year' degree' program in law leading to conferment of LL.B, degree on successful completion of the regular program conducted by a University whose degree in law is recognized by the Bar Council or India for the purpose of enrolment. Integrated Degree Program: An applicant who has successfully completed Senior Secondary School course (' +2') or equivalent (such as 11+1, 'A' level in Senior School Leaving Certificate course) from a recognized University of India or outside or from a Senior Secondary Board or equivalent. constituted or recognized by the Union or by a State Government or from any equivalent institution from a foreign country recognized by the government of that country for the purpose of issue of qualifying certificate on successful completion of the course, may apply for and be admitted into the program of the Centre of Legal Education to obtain the integrated degree in law with a degree in any other subject as the first degree from the University whose such a degree in law is recognized by the Bar Council of India for the purpose or enrolment. Provided that applicants who have obtained +2 Higher Secondary Pass Certificate or First Degree Certificate after prosecuting studies in distance or correspondence method shall also be considered as eligible for admission in the Integrated Five Years course or three years' LL.B. Course, as the case may be. Explanation: The applicant 4

5 who have obtained 10+2 or graduation / post graduation through open universities system directly without having any basic qualification for prosecuting such studies are not eligible for admission in the law courses. (c) Minimum marks in qualifying examination for admission: Bar Council of India from time to time has stipulated the minimum percentage of marks not below 45% of the total marks in case of general category applicant, 42% for OBC category and 40% of the total marks in case of SC and ST applicant, to be obtained for the qualifying examination. such as +2 Examination in case of Integrated Five Years' course or Degree course in any discipline for Three years' LL.B. Course for the purpose of applying for an getting admitted into a Law Degree Program of any recognized University in either of the streams. Provided that such a minimum qualifying marks shall not automatically entitle a candidate to get admission into an University/Colleges but only shall entitle the person concerned to fulfill other criteria notified by the University/Colleges concerned or by the government concerned from time to time to apply far admission. Online Form Fee : Rs 700/- (Rupees Six Hundred) for General and OBC candidates and of Rs 350/- (Rupees Three Hundred) for SC, ST and PH candidates. (3) Application Form: (a) (b) Every candidate shall, except those exempted from appearing in the Law Admission Test as per Rule 1 (i) and (ii) fill the online registration form on payment of prescribed fee within the dates prescribed and as per the Admission Notification and shall have to submit it Online (after duly filling). Such a candidate shall have to appear in the Law Admission Test according to the schedule given in the end ofthis Prospectus from a Centre Allotted to him by the Admission Test Committee. For candidates exempted from appearing in the Admission Test, there shall be a separate procedure to be notified later on by faculty of Law. There shall be a special process of application and admission for candidate exempted from appearing in the Admission Test, which shall be communicated separately by Faculty of Law. (4) Pattern of Admission Test: There shall be a paper of 150 questions of 2 hours duration divided in to three parts. (5) Reservation of Seats: (a) Reservation of seats available in LL.B.-I shall be made as under: 5

6 In accordance with provision of Section 9 of the University of Allahabad Act, 2005 (Act No. 26 of 2005) seats shall be reserved for Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST) and Other Backward Classes (OBC) category candidates in all subject / course for which the Admission Test has been held, in accordance with following given as under: (i) (ii) 15 % of the total seats in each subject / course shall be reserved for candidates belonging to Scheduled Caste (SC) category; 7.5 % of the total seats in each subject / course shall be reserved for candidates belonging to Scheduled Tribe (ST) category; and (iii) 27 % of the total seats in each subject / course shall be reserved for candidates belonging to Other Backward Caste (OBC) category. (iv) In case the seats reserved for Scheduled Tribe (ST) category candidates remain vacant on account of non-availability of candidates the same shall be filled by the candidates of Scheduled Caste (SC) candidates. (v) If eligible candidates belonging to the ST category are not available to fill any seat reserved for them under clause 5(ii) above, such seat shall be filled by candidates belonging to the SC category. Reservation to candidates belonging to other backward classes (OBC) shall be given by the University as per Government of India guidelines, the Regulation / norms issued by the UGC and in accordance with the order / judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India or the Hon'ble High Court of Allahabad, in regard to the reservation of seats in admission to the LL.B Three Year Course. (vi) Physically Challenged: "A candidate who has a certified disability of not less than 40 % in any limb or in orthopaedic structure which, in the opinion of the Medical Board (constituted by the University of Allahabad), amounts to an overall physical handicap of not more than 70% or is a certified Visually impaired or a Hearing impaired, may be admitted to the concerned course / subject, irrespective of his position in the order of merit of the total aggregate score, on the recommendation of the Medical Board, subject to the condition that number of such candidates shall not exceed 3 % (1% Hearing impaired, 1 % visually impaired and 1 % Orthopaedic disability and cerebral palsy) of the total seats in the respective course / subject. The privilege shall not be given except claimed by the candidate at the time of application. At the time of admission the candidate shall be required to produce a certificate issued by the Chief Medical Officer of the appropriate District or by the Viklang Kendra, Allahabad, which testifies to his disability and bears an attested photograph indicating his / her disability clearly. 1. All candidates entitled to be admitted under the above quota to a 6

7 course shall be adjusted against their respective social category. 2. Seats under physically handicapped quota shall be filled in order of preference given bellow: I. Visually impaired II. Hearing impaired III. Orthopaedic disability 3. Seats of each category given in 2. (I), (II) & (III) shall be filled on the basis of order of merit of the candidates in the Admission Test." (b) (c) (d) (e) Subject to the provision of Clause (a) above, where due to non availibility of eligible candidates any of the seats reserved for scheduled tribes (ST) remains unfilled, it shall be filled by a candidate of the scheduled caste category. The benefit of reservation for OBC candidate shall be given for admission in LL.B. Course of the Unviersity in accordance with guidelines issued by the Government of India and UGC Rules. If a candidate belonging to any of the categories mentioned in clause (a) gets selected for admission on the basis of merit with unreserved (i.e. General) category candidates, he shall not be adjusted against the seats reserved for the said categories under clause (a). No candidate shall be eligible for admission against the seats reserved for any of the categories specified in clause(a) except if he has duly claimed the concerned status in the Form and has submitted therewith evidence of holding a valid certificate to that effect, in the format approved for the purpose by the Central Government from a Competent Authority (such as Tehsildar/ Magistrate/Authorised Government Officer) holding charge in the administrative unit to which the candidate belongs. University Employees I Teachers: After the completion of admission on the sanctioned seats in each course of study, the sons and daughter of regularly appointed and retired teachers / employee of the University, the University Institutes, the constituents Colleges and constituents Institutes, on producing relevant certificate duly signed by the Registrar in case of University and University Institutes, the Principal in the case of constituent Colleges and the Director in case of constituent Institutes shall be admitted, on the basis of their relative scores against 5 % supernumerary seats (with a minimum of one seat) in each course of study, only in the unit / sub- unit in which such Teachers / Employees are serving or where from they have superannuated. Provided further if in case seats remain vacant in a course in the unit/subunit, these will be filled by the wards of the employees of other units/subunits. (6) Admission of eligible candidates to LL.B. Part I shall be made up to the limit of seats available and subject to special considerations permissible, on the basis of the order of merit of computed marks calculated according to Rule 07. The said order of merit shall be prepared separately for the candidates belonging to 7

8 General, SC/ST and OBC categories. Candidates admitted under special consideration shall be accommodated against unreserved seats, or as the case may be SC or ST categories depending on their social status. Note: - The number of seats in the course is 300 for each unit (University of Allahabad), C.M.P. Degree College and Allahabad Degree College (A.D.C.). Number of seat may vary as per decision of B.C.I. Out of 300 seats 15 seats shall be filled by the wards of the teacher / employee of the University/Colleges in accordance as per the University Rules. The candidate admitted under EW / TW catogary shall be adjusted to their respective Social Catogary 06A. Admission to Allahabad University or a constituent college thereof shall be made by the process of counseling. The selected candidate must appear personally for counseling along with all the documents on the specified date, time and place. (7) Computation of Marks: (a) The Computed Marks of a candidate who has appeared in the Admission Test shall be calculated by adding the Weightage, and/or deducting gap year penalty, Premium and Special Premium applicable, respectively, under Rules 08, 09 and 10 to his/her score (out of 300) in the Admission Test, hereinafter in these rules called as the standardized score. Provided that in case of a candidate who is not required to appear in the Admission Test, the standardized score shall be calculated by reducing his aggregate marks in the all parts of the Qualifying Examination taken together to the denominator of 300. (b) (c) If the candidate is covered, according to the Ordinance and Regulation of the University, under the category of Kashmiri Migrant, then a weightage equal to 10% of his score shall be permissible to him/her. This weightage shall be permissible only after the candidate has produced before the admission committee a certificate to this effect issued by Joint Secretary or an officer of equivalent rank, of the Ministry of Human Resource Development. A premium (addition) of 5 percent of the score shall be given to the candidate who holds the 'C' Certificate of the National Cadet Corps. Provided that the said Premium shall not be applicable except if the candidate has claimed the same in his Form and has appended with the Form evidence of holding the said Certificate. (d) (e) The weightage and Premium mentioned under clauses (c) and (d) of this rule shall not be extended except if the candidate has duly made a claim to this effect on the Application Form and has produced evidence therewith in support of such claim at the time of admission. If owing to the complexities in the evaluation system of the University conducting the qualifying examination of a candidate exempted from the 8

9 admission test his standardized total cannot be calculated, the same shall be determined according to the guidelines of the body authorized under appropriate Ordinance of the University of Allahabad. (8) Special Consideration for Candidates belonging to certain categories: The following special considerations shall be applicable to: (a) (b) (c) Candidates, who (i) have appeared in the Admission Test, or (ii) being exempted from appearing in the Admission Test Under the provision to Rule 01 and otherwise eligible for admission, shall be considered for Admission irrespective of their place in the merit list. A Foreign National or a Non-resident Indian governed by the provision to Rule 01 who has passed the Qualifying examination and has applied for admission in the manner specified under Rule 3(b) and whose application has been recommended by Foreign Students Advisor of the University. Candidates under Sports quota are admitted as per University Rules. (d) (i) A candidate, who (a) has a certified disability of not less than 40% in any limb or in orthopedic structure, which in the judgment of the Assessment Committee referred to in sub-clause (ii) amounts to an overall physical handicap of not less than 70 %, or (b) is certified blind, may be admitted to the Course or Subject concerned, irrespective of his place in the order of merit of Computed Marks, on the unanimous recommendation of the said Committee, in case he can pursue the LL.B. course without difficulty, but the number of such candidates admitted shall not exceed 3% of the approve seats. Provided that this privilege shall not be extended except if the candidate has duly made a claim to this effect in the Form and has appended therewith evidence of the nature specified in sub-clause (iii) in support of such claim. (ii) The Assessment Committee shall consist of the Director of Admissions (or a teacher associated with the admissions process nominated by him) as Convener, the Dean of Students Welfare (or an Assistant Dean of Students Welfare nominated by him) and, on the nomination of the Dean of Students of Welfare, three Medical Doctors (of whom at least two must be present at any meeting of the Committee) including an Orthopaedic Specialist, an Opthalmological Specialist and, preferably a Lady Doctor/Specialist. (iii) No candidate shall be eligible for consideration under this clause except he/she submits a certificate duly issued by the Chief Government Medical Officer of an appropriate district or by the Viklang Kendra, Allahabad, testifying his/her disability. The Certificate so issued clearly indicating the disability must bear the attested photograph of the candidate. 9

10 (9) Any scrutiny or revaluation of the Answer-booklets of the Admission Test shall not be permitted on any ground. Note :- Minimum Qualifying Marks: All applicants belonging to General Category are required to attain 30% of the maximum marks of the respective test to qualify and to get admission in the course applied for. All applicants of OBC category are required to attain 27% of the maximum marks of the respective test to qualify and to get admission in the course applied for. However, there is no qualifying mark for SC/ST category students. Deduction for Gap Year: In order to give preference to fresh candidates i.e. who have appeared in final examination of B.A./B.Sc./B.Com. or have passed B.A./B.Sc./B.Com. in the current academic session i.e , a deduction of 5% marks for each gap year shall be made for the standarized score on those who are not passouts of the current academic year , up to a maximum of 15% of the marks obtained in entrance test. (10) General Rules Regarding Application Forms: (a) (b) (c) The amount paid by the candidates to University for the Admission Test shall not be refunded or carried forward under any circumstance. The candidates shall make all the required entries (including his/her signature and photograph). A candidate, who has made any false entry in the specified Application Form in online submitting form for appearing in the Admission Test and / or for admission, or has omitted, concealed or misrepresented any relevant fact therein or has submitted photograph other than his own shall forfeit the claim to be considered for admission and his admission shall be cancelled with retrospective effect. The candidate shall be responsible for veracity of all entries in the online form submitted. (d) The acceptance of the online Admission Application Form of a candidate shall be provisional and shall not give him/her any guarantee or right of admission. (11) General Rules: (a) (b) The University reserves the right to refuse admission to any candidate without assigning reasons and to make changes in the rules and procedure governing the Admission Test and admission from time to time. A candidate charged with resort to unfair means/practice (s) shall be dealt with in accordance with the process laid down in this regard by the Board and if found guilty as charged, or for a lesser or greater of any of the offences charged. shall be punished in accordance with the schedule of 10

11 penalties laid down by the Board ranging from cancellation of candidature/admission to debarment from admission in the University, any Institute or Associated or Constituent College thereof for one or more years or forever. (c) (d) (e) The place of a candidate in the order of merit shall be modified in case of any error in the calculation of his computed marks, and the admission of a candidate who is excluded from the order of merit as a result of the rectification of his computed marks shall be cancelled. The instructions regarding the enrolment of admitted candidates and the other Procedures to be undertaken by such candidates, as well as the penalties (including cancellation of admission) for failure to comply with the said instructions shall be issued by the Board and shall be binding on the admitted candidates. The admission and enrolment in the LL.B. 1 st year class of a candidate in contravention of the University Ordinances or the Regulations made there under, or of any other provision in force in the University, shall stand cancelled with retrospective effect at whatever stage such contravention is found. (12) The following provisions apply to the students and candidates seeking admission in Graduate, Post-Graduate and Research Courses: (a) (b) (c) (d) (i) Any student of the University (which includes its Constituent Colleges and Institutes) shall not be permitted to be admitted or enrolled in more than one degree course (which includes reseach) or to remain admitted or enrolled in any other degree course of any other institution (which includes the Constituent College or Institute). The admission of a student mentioned in clause (a) in the University (which includes the Constituent Colleges or Institute) shall automatically stand cancelled w.e.f. the date he is admitted/enrolled in any other Institution (which includes the Constituent College or Institute). If a student mentioned in clause (a) gets admission in a new degree course in the University (which includes the Constituent College or Institute) his earlier admission/enrolment shall stand automatically cancelled w.e.f. the date of his admission/enrolment in the new degree course. If the admission/enrolment of a student has been cancelled under clause (c) automatically in a Post-Graduate degree course (which includes Law) and such student had earned eligibility of appearing in any part of that examination as an ex-student he may apply to the University for permission to appear as an ex-student but the examination committee shall grant such permission only on the fulfillment of following conditions: The documents establish that he has earned the said eligibility at the time of said cancellation. 11

12 (ii) (e) (f) (g) Only prescribed academic sessions have elapsed from the academic session in which he was regularly admitted / enrolled. If any person has completed the duration of eight or more academic session in the University (which includes its constituent colleges and Institutes) he shall not be eligible for admission in any course. Any student of the University (which includes its Constituent colleges and Institutes) cannot appear as a regular student and/ex-student in more than one degree course in the same academic year. Except such student whose employer has sponsored or permitted him to participate in the concerned course (and to complete the required attendance), no student of the University (which does not include Institute of correspondence course) is permitted to take up full time employment or full time self-employment. (13) The decision of Board envisaged in the University Ordinance shall be final with respect to matters concerning the Admission Test and the processes precedent and subsequent thereto, including the process of admission, as need to be provided for but are not so provided by these Ordinances or the Regulations made there under. (14) List of candidates selected for admission on the basis of Admission Test and the waiting list of candidates shall be available on website OR Admission-2017 link and notice of Admission programme will be given through local daily newspapers. No personal information will be sent to the selected or waiting list candidates. The candidates has to keep himself alert with respect to such information. (15) A candidate from Select or Waiting list, while appearing for admission must bring with him his Admit Card, Requisite Fee, Required Photographs and the original and Self-attested photocopies of all those marks sheets/certificates which are required to be attached along with the Admission Application Form. Admission shall not be given to the candidates in the absence of any of these required documents. Part-II Pattern of Admission Test A. The Law Admission Test shall be of 2:00 hours duration. The test shall consist of 150 questions of 300 marks. The paper is divided into three parts. The questions to Part - I (Language Comprehension), Part - II (General Awareness & Current Affairs) and Part - III (Reasoning, Mental Ability and Legal Aptitude) are of 2 marks each and for every correct answer candidate shall be awarded 2 marks 12

13 and for every wrong answer 0.5 of a mark will be deducted. PART- I: Language Comprehension This part shall consist of two sections. Coverning Hindi Language Comprehension and English Language Comprehension. Candidates are required to possess linguistic skills in both the languages of the level as is expected of a graduate student who has not had these as special subjects. In both the section, the test paper shall comprise passages for comprehension, synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, words commonly confused, vocabulary, one-word substitution, spellings, idioms, phrases, syntax, grammer, knowledge of proverbs, figures of speech, legal terms and precis writing, They are required to be reasonably proficient in their knowledge of English Language. There shall be objective-type questions covering some or all the above mentioned areas. PART-II: General Awareness & Current Affairs This paper shall consist of objective questions pertaining to General Awareness about the major facts relating to Indian & World History/Geography/Environment/Indian Culture; Indian National Movement/ Science & Technology, Contemporary National/Regional/International Political & Economic Perspectives; International Organizations/Treaties etc. along with questions on General Knowledge of traditional nature. PART-III: Reasoning, Mental Ability and Legal Aptitude Mental Ability and Logical/Mathematical analysis, deductive reasoning, odd even discretion, classification, logical fallacy, analogy, syllogism, Agreement and disagreement to judge the bent of mind of candidates. The question in legal Aptitude is related with constitution/legal system; constitutional/legal principles and practice etc. B. There will be multiple choice questions in the Admission Test. Part Structure of Questions Paper Number of Questions I Language 50 Comprehension Hindi (10) English (40) II General Awareness 50 and Current Affairs III Reasoning, Mental Ability and Legal Aptitude 50 Reasoning and Mental Ability (25) Legal Aptitude (25) Marks Total

14 C. If a candidate is found engaged in any verbal or other communication with, or obtains any material from any other candidate or person within or without the hall or place where he is seated for the Admission Test, or fails to comply with authoritative instructions, or initiates or participates in any intimidatory, violent or other conduct or activity which disturbs or disrupts the process of the Admission Test there or at other places, shall be punished for use of unfair means in the Test. D. The candidates are suggested to opt the most appropriate answer in the multiple choice questions. E. For appearing in the Test a candidate has to compulsorily bring with him the Computerized Admit Card, The Admit Card has to be downloaded by the candidate himself from website onwards. A candidate shall not be allowed to appear in the Admission Test if he does not bring with him the Computerized Admit Card. F. Bringing any unfair, unauthorized or unnecessary material (which includes books, part of the books, handwritten/printed/typed pages or liner diagrams/photocopies/mobile telephones or any other material/thing which may facilitate in answering etc.) by the candidate is totally prohibited. Use of any Calculator and to bring any electronic device and MOBILE in the examination hall is strictly prohibited. PART-III Information About Admission 1. The Information are provisional/tentative and only for the guidance of the candidates. The University reserves the right to make any changes in them. 2. All information regarding Admission shall be put on the website and will be given in the local daily newspapers from time to time. No information shall be provided to the candidate personally. 3. The result of the Admission Test shall probably be declared on or before last week of June, 2017 and will be put on the website OR Admission-2017 link 4. The Admission will be given to the selected candidates in the 2017 as per the programme given with the Result. 5. Candidate selected for admission will be required to deposit the amount of fee chargeable by the University or the colleges as the case may be, at the time of admission. 14

15 PART-IV Important Instructions 1. Before filling the Online Admission Application Form the candidates should read carefully the important notice given in the beginning and all Fair Parts of this prospectus. 2. A person whose eligibility graduate examination result of the Session is awaited may also apply for Admission in the Session but his candidature shall be provisional. If he fails to produce the required eligibility papers at the time of Admission his candidature shall automatically be cancelled and he shall not be considered for Admission. 3. If a candidate fails to appear in the Admission Test his candidature shall be cancelled and ineffective and he shall not be considered for the Admission. 4. If the On-line Admission Form of a Candidate is incomplete or contains any wrong information, suppression of facts / misrepresentation or photograph other than that of the applicant, or false / forged documents, the Application Form, even after its acceptance and the Admission, shall be liable to be cancelled at any stage. 5. At the time of the admission the candidates must possess a pass degree of the undergraduate course. 6. After admission the candidate must deposit his Migration Certificate / Transfer Certificate at the counter after filling up the prescribed form. 7. A candidate must get himself enrolled in the university and department after admission to course so that his name may be mentioned in the class register. 8. After admission the candidates must get an I-card prepared immediately. 9. Student shall be required to attend the classes regularly as per the classes allotted to them in the time table. 10. No student shall be allowed to appear in the exam if they fail to attend 75% of the classes as per Bar Council of India Rules. Help Desks Number Toll Free No. : Mobile No. :

16 bykgkckn fo ofo ky; fof/k ladk;,y0,y0ch0 izos k ijh{kk,oa izos k l= 2017&18 egùoiw.kz frffk;k vkwuykkbu iathdj.k,oa Áos k vkosnu i«k dk ÁkjEÒ 21 vásyk 2017 vkwuykkbu iathdj.k dh vfure frffk 13 ebz 2017 vkwuykkbu vkosnu i«k tek djus dh vfure frffk 13 ebz 2017 vkwuykkbu Áos k i«k ÁkIr djus dh frffk Áos k ijh{kk dh frffk ijh{kk frffk ls,d lirkg iwoz ls 07 twu 2017 ¼cq/kokj½ bykgkckn fo ofo ky; ds fof/k fohkkx,oa la?kvd egkfo ky; lh0,e0ih0 rfkk,0mh0lh0 ds,y0,y0ch0 ¼f=o khz;½ ¼lesLVj½ ikb~;øe ds izfke o kz ¼l= 2017&18½ esa izos k ds fy, izos k ijh{kk vk;ksftr dh tk;sxha izos k ijh{kk gsrq dyk@okf.kt;@d`f k@bathfu;fjax@esfmdy ladk; dh Lukrd ijh{kk esa vukjf{kr oxz 45 izfr kr] vu; finm+h tkfr U;wure 42 izfr kr rfkk vuq0 tkfr@tutkfr ds vh;ffkz;ksa ds fy, ek= 40 izfr kr izkirkad lfgr mrrh.kz vh;fkhz gh vgz gsaa izos k ijh{kk esa,sls vh;fkhz leefyr gks ldrs gsa tks o kz 2016 dh mdr LUkkrd ijh{kk esa leefyr gq, gsa rfkk mudk ijh{kkqy izrhf{kr gs] ijurq ;fn os Lukrd ijh{kk esa vgzdkjh izfr kr ls de izkirkad vftzr djsaxs rks os izos k gsrq vugz gksaxsa dsoy fons kh ukxfjd ;k fons kh fo ofo ky; ds Lukrd v- fuoklh Hkkjrh;¼,u0vkj0vkbZ0½ izos k ijh{kk esa izlrqfr ls eqdr gsa] rfkk mugsa izos k gsrq v/kksglrk{kjdrkz ls lh/ks leidz djuk pkfg,a izos k ijh{kk@izos k ls lecfu/kr egroiw.kz lwpuk,a foojf.kdk esa of.kzr gsa folr`r tkudkjh ds fy, osclkbv or Admission-2017 link ij nsa[ksa vkwuykbu kqyd #0 700@&¼lkr lks #i;s ek=½ fdurq #0 350@& ¼rhu l ipkl #i;s ek«k½ vuq-tkfr@tutkfr] fodykax gsrq gsaa vkosnu i= vkwuykbu bykgkckn fo ofo ky; dh osclkbv or Admission-2017 link ij fd;s tk ldrs gsaa izos k i= Mkd }kjk fuxzr ugha fd;k tk;sxka [k.m,d izos k lecu/kh fu;e bykgkckn fo ofo ky; ds fof/k ladk; fohkkx fo-fo-]lh-,e-ih-],-mh-lh- egkfo ky; dh,y-,y-ch- izfke o kz dyk esa izos k gsrq fu;e,oa O;oLFkk fueukuqlkj gsa 16

17 1-,y-,y-ch- ikb~;øe esa izos kksa ds fufer fof/k ladk; la;qdr izos k ijh{kk gksxha fu;e 2 ds vuqlkj vgz izos kkfkhz dh izos k ijh{kk esa vfuok;zr% izlrqr gksuk gksxk] ijurq,sls izos kkfkhz ls tks ¼v½ fons kh ukxfjd gs] ;k ¼vk½ fdlh fons kh fo ofo ky; ls Lukrd ijh{kk mrrh.kz vfuoklh Hkkjrh;¼,u-vkj-vkbZ-½ gsa ls izos k ijh{kk esa izlrqr gksus dh viks{kk ugha gksxh] rfkk og fu;e 03¼[k½ ds v/khu izos k gsrq fopkj.kh; gksxka fvii.kh%& vh;fkhz bl foojf.kdk ds fn;s x;s izos k lecu/kh fu;eksa dks /;ku iwozd i<saa 2- vgzrk& ¼d½ Hkkjrh; ckj dksafly }kjk eku;rk izkir bykgkckn fo ofo ky; ds fof?k ladk; esa,y-,ych- r`rh; o kz esa izos k gsrq laln ;k jkt; fo/kf;dk ;k vu; leukfkhz jk Vªh; lalfkk ls eku;rk fo ofo ky; ;k MhEM fo ofo ky; ;k fons kh fo ofo ky; fls l{ke izkf/kdkjh ;k Hkkjrh; fo ofo ky; ds leku Lrj dk ekuk x;k gs] ls Lukrd mrrh.kz vh;fkhz tks vgz gksxsa ¼[k½ vgzdkjh ijh{kk esa U;wure vad& Hkkjrh; ckj dksflay }kjk le; ij fu/kkzfjr] vgzdkjh ijh{kk esa ftlesa vukjf{kr oxz ds 45 izfr kr] vu; finmh tkfr ds 42 izfr kr rfkk vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr fno;ekal 40 izfr kr vftzr fd;k gs],y-,y-chr`rh; o kz esa izos k gsrq vgz gksaxsa fdurq vgzdkjh ijh{kk esa fufnz V vad vftzr dj ysus ek= ls gh og O;fDr bykgkckn fo ofo ky; dk vf/kdkj ugh izkir dj ldsxka mls fo ofo ky; }kjk vk;ksftr izos k ijh{kk esa kkfey gksus dh ;ksx;rk vftzr gksrh gsa ;fn izos kkfkhz dk vgzdkjh ijh{kk dk ijh{kkqy izrhf{kr gs rks Hkh og izos k gsrq vkosnu dj ldrk gs rfkk izos k ijh{kk esa izlrqr gks ldrk gs,slh flfkfr esa izos kkfkhz dh vh;fkzuk¼ds.mhmspj½ ek= vufure~ ¼izksfotuy½ gksxha ;fn,slk] izos kkfkhz mdr vgzdkjh ijh{kk esa vuqrrh.kz gks tkrk gs ;k og lexz ;ksx esa viuh lkekftd flfkfr ds vuqlkj 45@42@40 izfr kr] tslk gks] ls de izkirkad vftzr djrk gs ;k mdr vgzdkjh ijh{kk ds f}rh; ijh{kk esa lfeefyr gksrk gsa ;k vgzdkjh ijh{kk ds ijh{kkqy dh?kks k.kk gsrq mi;zdr v/;kns kksa esa izkf/kd`r fudk; {kjk fu;r vfure frffk rd mdr ijh{kkqy dh?kks k.kk ugha gks ikrh gs rks izos kkfkhz dh vufure vh;fkzuk fujlr gks tk;sxh rfkk os izos k gsrq vugz gks tk;sxka 3- vkosnu i=& ¼d½ fu;e 02 ds [k.m¼v½ ds vuqlkj izos k ijh{kk esa izlrqfr ls eqdr izos kkffkz;ksa dks NksM+dj izr;sd izos kkfkhz dks bl foojf.kdk esa eqfnzr izos k vf/klwpuk esa of.kzr fof/k,oa izfø;k ds vuqlkj fu;r frffk ds vunj fufnz V jkf k dk Hkqxrku dj] fu/kkzfjr izos k vkosnu izi= izlrqr djuk gksxk rfkk mls iznrr ijh{kk dsunz ls fu/kkzfjr fnukad dks tks osclkbv ij fn;s gsa ls izos k ijh{kk esa izfrhkkx djuk gksxka ¼[k½ izos k ijh{kk esa izlrqfr ls eqdr izos kkffkz;ksagsrq fo ks k vkosnu,oa izos k izfø;k gksxh ftls i`fkd :Ik lalwfpr fd;k tk;sxka 4- Áos k ijh{kk dk Ák:i & Áos k ijh{kk 150 Á u a dh 2?kaVs dh vof/k esa g xha 5- vkj{k.k& ¼d½,y-,y-ch- izfke o kz d{kk esa miyc/k LFkkuksa esa vkj{k.k izos k ds le; rrlecfu/kr ifjofrzr@la kksf/kr fu;eksa ds vk/kkj ij gh fn;k tk;sxka vkj{k.k dh orzeku O;oLFkk fueuor~ gsa ¼v½ vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa ds izos kkffkz;ksa gsrq % 15% 17

18 ¼c½ vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa ds izos kkffkz;ksa gsrq % 7-5% ¼b½ vu; finm+k oxz ls lfecfu/kr vh;kffkz;ksa gsrq % 27% ¼bZ½ fodykax vh;kffkz;ksa ds fy, % 3%¼1% Jo.k nks k] 1% n`f V nks k] 1% vflfk fodykax½ folr`r tkudkjh ds fy, osclkbv ns[ks aa ¼m½ dsoy fo ofo ky; dezpkjh,oa v/;kidksa gsrq % fo ofo ky; ds izos k fu;eksa ds vuqlkj ¼[k½ ;fn vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa ds izos kkffkz;ksa dh vuqiyc/krk ds dkj.k muds fy, vkjf{kr LFkku jg tkrs gsa rks,sls fjdr LFkkuksa dks vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa ds izos kkffkz;ksa gsrq vkjf{kr LFkku esa lek;ksftr dj fn;k tk;sxka,y-,y-ch- dkslz esa vu; finm+k oxz ¼vks-ch-lh-½ ds izos kkffkz;ksa dks fo ofo ky; }kjk vkj{k.k dk ykhk Hkkjr ljdkj ds funsz kksa rfkk ;w-th-lh- ds fu;eksa ds vuqlkj iznku fd;k tk;sxka ¼x½ ;fn vkjf{kr dksfv dk dksbz izos kkfkhz Js BrkØe esa viuh flfkfr ds vk/kkj ij vukjf{kr LFkku ij izos k vgz gksrk gs] rks izos k fn;s tkus ij mls vukjf{kr LFkku ij lek;ksftr fd;k tk;sxka ¼?k½ vkjf{kr LFkku ij izos k gsrq dsoy og izos kkfkhz vgz gksxk ftlus izos k izi= esa vkjf{kr dksfv dh lnl;rk dk myys[k fd;k gs rfkk izi= ds lkfk mldk lk{; layxu fd;k gs fd og jkt; kklu }kjk fu/kkzfjr izk:ik ij l{ke vf/kdkjh ¼;Fkk izos kkfkhz ds LFkk;h vkokl dh iz kklfud bdkbz esa izhkkj&/kkjd rglhynkj n.mkf/kdkjh@izkf/kñr kkldh; vf/kdkjh½ }kjk fuxzr fof/k leer i= dk /kkjd gsa 6-,y-,y-ch- izfke o kz dh d{kk esa vgz izos kkffkz;ksa dks izos k] miyc/k LFkkuksa dh lhek rd] vuqeu; fo ks k lqfo/kkvksa ¼Lis ky dkfulmjs kut½ ds v/khu] fu;e 07 ds vuqlkj vkdftr laxf.kd vadksa ds Js Brk Øe vukjf{kr¼vfkkzr lkeku;½ LFkkuksa rfkk vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa izos kkffkz;ksa gsrq i`fkd&i~fkd vk;ksftr fd;k tk;sxka fo ks k lqfo/kkvksa ds v/khu izfo V izos kkffkz;ksa dks mudh lkekftd dksfv ds vuqlkj vukjf{kr LFkkuksa ij¼;fkkflfkfr½ lek;ksftr fd;k tk;sxka ¼v½ bykgkckn fo ofo ky; vfkok la?kvd egkfo ky;ksa esa izos k ijke kz¼dksulfyax½ }kjk fd;k tk;sxka p;fur vh;fkhz fu/kkzfjr frffk le;,oa LFkku ij lelr izi=ksa lfgr O;fDrxr :i ls vo ; miflfkr gksaa 7- ewy;kadu ¼d½ izos k ijh{kk esa izlrqr ¼,oa mlesa fu;e 04 esa fufnz V U;wure vgzdkjh vad ;k mlls vf/kd vad izkir½ izos kkfkhz }kjk 300 ds iw.kkzad ij mlesa vftzr] rfkk@;k o kz&vurjkyk kkflr,oa vko ;drkuqlkj vuqeki;ksftr ¼LdsYM½ izkirkad vfkok izos k ijh{kk esa izlrqfr ls eqdr izos kkfkhz }kjk ¼micU/k ds v/khu½ vftzr izkirkadks ds laxf.kr vad ds vkdyu ds fy, ekudh; ;ksx esa fueukuqlkj vf/khkkj ¼csVst½,oa tksm+k tk;sxka ¼[k½ ;fn izos kkfkhz fo ofo ky; ds v/;kns kksa,oa fofu;eksa ds vuqlkj ekbxzsuv dh dksfv esa vkrk gs rks mls mlds izkirkad ij 10 izfr kr dk vf/khkkj vuqeu; gksxk ;s vf/khkkjrk rhkh vuqeu; gksxh tc izos kkfkhz ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; ds la;qdr lfpo vfkok led{k vf/kdkjh ls mdr vk k; dk izek.k i= izos k lfefr ds le{k izlrqr djsxka ¼x½ ;fn izos kkfkhz,u-lh-lh- ds lh izek.k i= dk /kkjd gs rks mlds izkirkad dk 5 izfr kr vf/kykkhk vuqeu; gksxka 18

19 ¼?k½ micu/k ¼d½,oa ¼[k½ esa mfyyf[kr vf/khkkj rhkh vuqeu; gksaxs ;fn izos kkfkhz us vius izos k vkosnu izi= esa fof/kdr bl vk k; dk nkok fd;k gs rfkk laxr izek.k i= ds /kkjd dk lk{; mlesa layxu fd;k gsa ¼b½ izos k ijh{kk ls eqdr izos kkfkhz dh vgzdkjh ijh{kk ds vk;kstd fo ofo ky; ds mi;qzdr v/;kns kksa esa izkf/kd`r fudk; ds ekxzn kksza ds vuqlkj fd;k tk;sxka 8- fof k V oxz ds vh;ffkz;ksa gsrq fu;e& ¼d½ bl fu;ekoyh ds vurxzr vgz,sls izos kkfkhz tks izos k esa izlrqr gq, gksa tks fu;e 01 ds v/khu izos k esa izlrqfr ls eqdr gsa] fueufyf[kr fo ks k lqfo/kkvksa ds v/khu lecfu/kr Js Brk&Øe ds izos k gsrq fopkj.kh; gksaxs& ¼[k½ og fons kh ukxfjd ;k vfuoklh Hkkjrh; ftlus fu;e 03 ¼[k½ ds izko/kku ds vuqlkj izos k gsrq vkosnu fd;k gs rfkk ftldk vkosnu fo ofo ky; ds fons kh fo kfkhz ijke kznkrk¼qkwju LVwMsUV,Mokbtj½ }kjk lalrqr gsa ¼x½ [ksydwn dksvk % bl lecu/k esa fo ofo ky; esa fo ofo ky; ØhMk la?k ¼Li VZl~ c MZ½ ds v/;{k dh lalrqfr ds vk/kkj ij og izos kkfkhz tks mrd` V f[kykm+h¼vkmvlvsfmax LiksVZlilZu½ vfkkzr fo of ky; dh Vhe dk dirku] fo ofo ky; dk dyj&gksymj ;k fdlh vurfoz ofo ky; izfr;ksfxrk esa izfrhkkxh Vhe dk lnl; gsa ;g fo ks k lqfo/kk rhkh vuqeu; gksxh tc fd izos kkfkhz vkosnu izi= esa bldk nkok fd;k gs rfkk mlus bl vk kk; dk lk{; izos k ds le; izlrqr fd;k gsa ¼?k½ fno;kax d Vk % ikb~;øe ds Lohd`fr LFkkuksa ds 03 izfr kr dh vf/kd`r lhek rd izos kkfkhz ¼1½ ftldh fdlh vax ;k vflr jpuk ¼vkWFkksZihfMd LVªDpj½ esa U;wure 40 izfr kr fodykaxrk gs] tks ewy;kadu lfefr ds erkuqlkj U;wure 70 izfr kr dh lexz kkjhfjd v{kerk ¼vksojvkWy fqftdy fmlsfcfyfv½ dk fu/kkzj.k djrh gs] ;k ¼2½ tks izekf.kr us=ghu ¼CykbaM½ gs] vfkok ¼3½ t lquus esa vlefkz gs] rfkk,y-,y-ch- ikb~;øe dk dfbukbz ds fcuk v/;;u dj ldrk gsa ;g fo ks k lqfo/kk rhkh vuqeu; gksxh tcfd izos kkfkhz us izos k vkosnu izi= esa bldk nkok fd;k gs rfkk mlus mi;qzdr ds eq[; jktdh; fpfdrlk vf/kdkjh ;k fodykax dsunz] bykgkckn }kjk fuxzr fodykaxrk izek.ki= ¼ftlesa fodykaxrk dks Li V n kkzrk gqvk mldk QksVks Hkh gs½ izos k ds le; izlrqr fd;k gsa lwpuk& ewy;kadu lfefr dk la;kstd izos k funs kd ¼;k mldk izfrfuf/k½ gksxk rfkk mlds lnl; Mhu fo kfkhz dy;k.k ¼;k mldk izfrfuf/k½,oa mlds }kjk euksuhr rhu fpfdrld gksaxs] ftlesa ls lfefr dh fdlh csbd esa U;wure nks fpfdrld dh miflfkfr vko ;d gsa lwpuk& ¼1½mic/k ¼d½ ls micu/k ¼?k½ ds v/khu rhkh vuqeu; gksxk tcfd vh;fkhz us vius izos k vkosnu izi= esa bldk nkok fd;k gs rfkk bl lecu/k esa vko ;d izek.k&i= vkfn izos k ds le; izlrqr fd;k gsa 9- izos k ijh{kk dh mrrj iqflrdkvksa dh leh{kk ¼LdqVuh½ ;k iquezy;kadu ¼jhoSY;w, ku½ dh fdlh Hkh vk/kkj ij vuqefr ugha nh tk;sxha fvii.kh & U;wure vgzrk vad & vukjf{kr oxz ds lelr vh;ffkz; a d Áos k ijh{kk esa vgz g us ds fyk, lecfu/kr ikbóøe dh ijh{kk ds vf/kdre fu/kkzfjr vad a dk de ls de 30 Áfr kr ÁkIr djuk vfuok;z gsa vu; finm+s oxz ds vh;ffkz; a ds fyk, lecfu/kr ikbóøe esa Áos k gsrq vf/kdre fu/kkzfjr vad a dk de ls de 27 Áfr kr ÁkIr djuk vfuok;z gsa vuqlwfpr tkfr rfkk vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds vh;ffkz; a ds fyk, d bz U;wure fu/kkzfjr vgzrk vad ugè gsa 19

20 vurjkyk o kz dv rh & u;s vh;ffkz; a vfkkzr~ ftug aus vdknfed o kz 2016&17 esa ch-,-@ch-,l&lh-@ch-dke- ijh{kk mùkh.kz dh gs] d ojh;rk Ánku djus gsrq vu; iqjkus vh;ffkz; a] ftug aus vdknfed o kz 2016&17 ds iwoz Lukrd ijh{kk mùkh.kz dh gs] Áos k ijh{kk esa muds ÁkIrkad esa ls Áfr vurjkyk o kz ds fyk, 5 Áfr kr rfkk vf/kdre 15 Áfr kr vad a dh dv rh dh tk;sxha 10- vkosnu&i= ds lecu/k esa fu;e& ¼d½ izos kkfkhz }kjk vnk dh xbz izos k ijh{kk@iathdj.k kqyd dh jkf k dks fdlh Hkh ifjflfkfr esa izr;kofrzr ¼fjQ.M½ ;k vxzu;u¼dsjh QkWoMZ½ vu; l=@ikb~;øe gsrq vurfje@lek;ksftr¼vªkulqj@,wmtlv½ ugha fd;k tk;sxka ¼[k½ izos kkfkhz dks vkwuykbu izos k vkosnu izi= esa vkisf{kr izo`f V;k,oa fu/kkzfjr LFkku ij vius glrk{kj,oa QksVksxzkQ fofgr lfkku ij viyksm djuk gksxka ¼x½ izos k vkosnu izi= dh lelr izfof V;ksa¼izos kkfkhz ds Nk;kfp=ksa lfgr½ lr;ijdrk¼osjkflvh½ ;k Hkzked izlrqfr¼feljsizslsuv ku½ ds fy, izos kkfkhz Lo;a mrrjnk;h gksxka ;fn izos kkfkhz us izi= esa dksbz xyr lwpuk nh gs] vfkok blesa fdlh laxr rf; dk myys[k ugha fd;k gs mls fnik;k ;k Hkzked :I ls izlrqr fd;k gs] rks mldk izos k gsrq fopkj.kh; jgus dk nkok lekir gks tk;sxk vfkok mls fn;k x;k izos k iozxkeh izhkko ls fujlr dj fn;k tk;sxka vh;fkhz vkwuykbu izfof V dh nh xbz tkudkjh dk lr;kiu ds fy, Lo;a fteesnkj gksxka ¼?k½ izos kkfkhz dh izos k vkosnu izi= dh vkuykbu Lohd`fr vufure¼izksfoftuy½ gksxh] rfkk,slh Lohd`fr ls izos kkfkhz dks izos k dk vk oklu ;k vf/kdkj ugh feysxka 11- izos k gsrq lkeku; fu;e& ¼d½ fo ofo ky; dk ;g vf/kdkj dk ;g vf/kdkj lqjf{kr gs fd og dkj.k crk;s fcuk fdlh izos kkfkhz dks izos k gsrq vlohdkj djs rfkk le; ij izos k,oa izos k dh izfø;k,oa fu;eksa esa ifjorzu djsa ¼[k½ ;fn izos kkfkhz izos k ijh{kk ds nksjku vuqfpr lk/kuksa ds iz;ksx ;k iz;kl vfkok vu; izdkj dh vuqfpr xfrfof/k djrk gs] vfkok izos k ijh{kk ds iwoz ;k mijkur dh izfø;k ds nksjku fgald] vfhk=kln] O;o/kukRed ;k vu;fkk vuqfpr xfrfof/k djrk gs rks mls vuqfpr lk/ku@xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, nks kkjksfir,oa nafmr fd;k tk;sxka bl lecu/k esa izfø;k,oa n.m¼tks izos k vkosnu@izos k ds fujlu ls,d ;k vf/kd o kz vfkok lnk ds fy, fo ofo ky;,oa mlls lecfu/kr lalfkkvksa esa izos k ij izfrcu/k rfkk folr`r gks ldrk gs] dk fu/kkzj.k bykgkckn fo ofo ky; ds mi;qzdr v/;kns kksa esa izkf/kd`r fudk; }kjk fd;k tk;sxka ¼x½ fdlh izos kkfkhz ds laxf.kr vad vkdyu esa gq;h =qfv esa lq/kkj fd;k tk;sxk rfkk rnuqlkj Js Brk&Øe esa mldh flfkfr dk la kks/ku fd;k tk;sxka ;fn ifj.kke Lo:I ;g izo`f V izos kkffkz;ksa ds Js Brk Øe ls ckgj gks tk;] rks mls iznrr] izos k fujlr fd;k tk;sxka ¼?k½ izfof V izos kkfkhz }kjk ¼bl lunhkz esa fu;e vof/k esa½ ikb~;øe esa viuk ukekadu djkus rfkk vu; visf{kr izfø;kvksa dh iwfrz djus ds lecu/k esa funsz kksa dk vuqikyu u djus ij vuqeu; n.m ¼ftlesa izos k dk fujlu lfeefyr gs½ bykgkckn fo ofo ky; ds mi;qzdr v/;kns kksa izkf/kd`r fudk; fu/kkzfjr djsxka rfkk djsxk rfkk izos kkfkhz ds fy, og ck/;dkjh gksaxsa ¼M-½ ;fn izos kkfkhz ds izos k,oa ukekadu esa bl fu;ekoyh vfkok fo ofo ky; ds v/;kns kksa ;k vu; izko/kkuksa dk myya?ku gqvk gs] fdlh Hkh pj.k ij,slk myya?ku izdk k esa vkus ij mldk izos k@ukekadu iwozxkeh izhkko ls fujlr gks tk;sxka 20